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Reyes E, Cunliffe F, M'Gonigle LK. Evolutionary dynamics of dispersal and local adaptation in multi-resource landscapes. Theor Popul Biol 2023; 153:102-110. [PMID: 37442528 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal can enable access to resources in new locations. Consequently, traits that govern dispersal probability and dispersal distance may impact an individual's ability to acquire resources. However, spatial variation in the quality or quantity of resources may mediate potential adaptive benefits of novel dispersal traits. Ecological traits (i.e., those that determine how an individual processes resources) will also, by definition, affect how an individual interacts with the resource landscape. In a spatially heterogeneous environment, this creates potential for evolutionary feedbacks between dispersal-related traits and ecological traits. For example, dispersal may introduce individuals to novel resources, at which point there may be selection for local adaptation of ecological traits. Conversely, an individual's ability to utilize different resource types may determine how dispersal impacts fitness. Here, we develop an individual-based model to investigate co-evolution of dispersal and ecological traits in a landscape where multiple resources vary independently across space. We find that: (1) resource specialists can emerge and tend to evolve dispersal strategies suited to the structure of their preferred resource type and (2) generalists, when they emerge, tend to possess intermediate dispersal strategies. Lastly, we note that the effect of dispersal on the evolution of the ecological trait is weaker than vice versa and, as a result, appreciable heterogeneity in the abundance of resources across a landscape will likely obscure a signal of co-evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Reyes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6.
| | - Finnerty Cunliffe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
| | - Leithen K M'Gonigle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
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2
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Emura N, Muranaka T, Iwasaki T, Honjo MN, Nagano AJ, Isagi Y, Kudoh H. Effects of fruit dimorphism on genetic structure and gene flow in the coastal shrub Scaevola taccada. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:1029-1040. [PMID: 36534688 PMCID: PMC9851332 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant propagules often possess specialized morphologies that facilitate dispersal across specific landscapes. In the fruit dimorphism of a coastal shrub, Scaevola taccada, individual plants produce either cork-morph or pulp-morph fruits. The former is buoyant and common on sandy beaches, whereas the latter does not float, is bird-dispersed, and is common on elevated sites such as slopes on sea cliffs and behind rocky shores. We hypothesized that beach populations bridge the heterogeneous landscapes by serving as a source of both fruit types, while dispersal is biased for the pulp morph on elevated sites within the islands and for the cork morph between beaches of different islands. Based on this hypothesis, we predicted that populations in elevated sites would diverge genetically over time due to isolation by distance, whereas beach populations would maintain high genetic similarity via current gene flow. METHODS The genetic structure and gene flow in S. taccada were evaluated by investigating genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms in plants from 17 sampling sites on six islands (belonging to the Ryukyu, Daito and Ogasawara Islands) in Japan. KEY RESULTS Geographical isolation was detected among the three distant island groups. Analyses within the Ryukyu Islands suggested that sandy beach populations were characterized by genetic admixture, whereas populations in elevated sites were relatively isolated between the islands. Pairwise FST values between islands were lowest between sandy beaches, intermediate between sandy beaches and elevated sites, and highest between elevated sites. CONCLUSIONS Dispersal across the ocean by cork morphs is sufficiently frequent to prevent genetic divergence between beaches of different islands. Stronger genetic isolation of elevated sites between islands suggests that bird dispersal by pulp morphs is restricted mainly within islands. These contrasting patterns of gene flow realized by fruit dimorphism provide evidence that fruit characteristics can strongly mediate genetic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Emura
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu 520-2113, Japan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Muranaka
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu 520-2113, Japan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takaya Iwasaki
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu 520-2113, Japan
- Natural Science Division, Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Mie N Honjo
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu 520-2113, Japan
| | - Atsushi J Nagano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Yokotani, Seta Oe-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan
| | - Yuji Isagi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kudoh
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu 520-2113, Japan
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3
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Cenzer M, M'Gonigle LK. Co-evolution of dormancy and dispersal in spatially autocorrelated landscapes. Evolution 2022; 76:2769-2777. [PMID: 36097350 PMCID: PMC9828432 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of dispersal can be driven by spatial processes, such as landscape structure, and temporal processes, such as disturbance. Dormancy, or dispersal in time, is generally thought to evolve in response to temporal processes. In spite of broad empirical and theoretical evidence of trade-offs between dispersal and dormancy, we lack evidence that spatial structure can drive the evolution of dormancy. Here, we develop a simulation-based model of the joint evolution of dispersal and dormancy in spatially heterogeneous landscapes. We show that dormancy and dispersal are each favored under different landscape conditions, but not simultaneously under any of the conditions we tested. We further show that, when dispersal distances are short, dormancy can evolve directly in response to landscape structure. In this case, selection is primarily driven by benefits associated with avoiding kin competition. Our results are similar in both highly simplified and realistically complex landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Cenzer
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionThe University of Chicago1101 E 57th StChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Leithen K. M'Gonigle
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser University8888 University DriveBurnabyBCV5A 1S6Canada
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4
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Introduced, Mixed, and Peripheral: Conservation of Mitochondrial-DNA Lineages in the Wild Boar (Sus scrofa L.) Population in the Urals. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14110916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Translocations and introductions are important events that allow organisms to overcome natural barriers. The genetic background of colonization success and genetic consequences of the establishment of populations in new environments are of great interest for predicting species’ colonization success. The wild boar has been introduced into many parts of the world. We analyzed sequences of the mitochondrial-DNA control region in the wild boars introduced into the Ural region and compared them with sequences from founder populations (from Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Far East). We found that the introduced population has high genetic diversity. Haplotypes from all the major phylogenetic clades were detected in the analyzed group of the animals from the Urals. In this group, no haplotypes identical to Far Eastern sequences were detectable despite a large number of founders from that region. The contribution of lineages originating from Eastern Europe was greater than expected from the proportions (%) of European and Asian animals in the founder populations. This is the first study on the genetic diversity and structure of a wild boar population of mixed origin at the northern periphery of this species’ geographical range.
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5
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Gorton AJ, Shaw AK. Using theoretical models to explore dispersal variation and fragmentation in urban environments. POPUL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-390x.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Gorton
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA
| | - Allison K. Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA
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6
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Greenbaum G, Dener E, Giladi I. Limits to the evolution of dispersal kernels under rapid fragmentation. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20210696. [PMID: 35317653 PMCID: PMC8941381 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive evolution of dispersal strategies is one mechanism by which species can respond to rapid environmental changes. However, under rapid anthropogenic fragmentation, the evolution of dispersal may be limited, and species may be unable to adequately adapt to fragmented landscapes. Here, we develop a spatially explicit model to investigate the evolution of dispersal kernels under various combinations of fragmentation dynamics and initial conditions. We also study the consequences of modelling an evolutionary process in which dispersal phenotypes continuously and gradually shift in phenotype space in a manner corresponding to a polygenic underlying genetic architecture. With rapid fragmentation rates, we observed the emergence of long-term transient states in which dispersal strategies are not well suited to fragmented landscapes. We also show that the extent and length of these transient states depend on the pre-fragmentation dispersal strategy of the species, as well as on the rate of the fragmentation process leading to the fragmented landscape. In an increasingly fragmented world, understanding the ability of populations to adapt, and the effects that rapid fragmentation has on the evolution of dispersal, is critical for an informed assessment of species viability in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gili Greenbaum
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Efrat Dener
- Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.,Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Itamar Giladi
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
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7
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Cheplick GP. Philomatry in plants: why do so many species have limited seed dispersal? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:29-45. [PMID: 34679185 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many have noted limited seed dispersal of plants in diverse environments and attempted evolutionary explanations for it. Although philopatric ("love of fatherland") is used by zoologists to describe organisms that remain near their place of origin, philomatric ("love of motherland") is proposed as more appropriate for plants because seeds develop on the maternal parent, fecundity and dispersal are maternally influenced characteristics, and the term dovetails with the mother-site hypothesis (MSH) for the evolution of restricted dispersal. Proximate reasons for philomatry include intrinsic drivers such as morphological features of diaspores and where on the maternal parent they are produced. Extrinsic drivers include local environmental conditions, surrounding vegetation, and ineffective dispersal agents. The MSH proposes that selection should favor philomatry in a population adapted to a particular habitat because offspring will likewise be adapted to that same habitat. Several studies show philomatry can mitigate distance-dependent costs of dispersing into surrounding inhospitable areas. Undispersed diaspores can eliminate energetic costs of accessory structures or biochemicals needed by dispersible diaspores, but it is unclear whether these costs are significant to the evolution of philomatry. Disadvantages of limited dispersal are inability to escape deteriorating habitat conditions, inability to colonize new habitats, and inbreeding among offspring. Heterocarpic species offset these disadvantages by producing dispersed plus undispersed diaspores. A conceptual framework is presented relating dispersal distance to the probability of seedling establishment. Future research should recognize dispersal as a covarying syndrome of multiple life history traits and focus on ecological selection agents that favor philomatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P Cheplick
- Biology Program, Plant Science Subprogram, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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8
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Barry KE, Schnitzer SA. Are we missing the forest for the trees? Conspecific negative density dependence in a temperate deciduous forest. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245639. [PMID: 34264937 PMCID: PMC8282035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the central goals of ecology is to determine the mechanisms that enable coexistence among species. Evidence is accruing that conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD), the process by which plant seedlings are unable to survive in the area surrounding adults of their same species, is a major contributor to tree species coexistence. However, for CNDD to maintain community-level diversity, three conditions must be met. First, CNDD must maintain diversity for the majority of the woody plant community (rather than merely specific groups). Second, the pattern of repelled recruitment must increase in with plant size. Third, CNDD should extend to the majority of plant life history strategies. These three conditions are rarely tested simultaneously. In this study, we simultaneously test all three conditions in a woody plant community in a North American temperate forest. We examined whether understory and canopy woody species across height categories and dispersal syndromes were overdispersed-a spatial pattern indicative of CNDD-using spatial point pattern analysis across life history stages and strategies. We found that there was a strong signal of overdispersal at the community level. Across the whole community, larger individuals were more overdispersed than smaller individuals. The overdispersion of large individuals, however, was driven by canopy trees. By contrast, understory woody species were not overdispersed as adults. This finding indicates that the focus on trees for the vast majority of CNDD studies may have biased the perception of the prevalence of CNDD as a dominant mechanism that maintains community-level diversity when, according to our data, CNDD may be restricted largely to trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Barry
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Biodiversity Working Group, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stefan A. Schnitzer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
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9
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Leidinger L, Vedder D, Cabral JS. Temporal environmental variation may impose differential selection on both genomic and ecological traits. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Leidinger
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Univ. of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Daniel Vedder
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Univ. of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Juliano Sarmento Cabral
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Univ. of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
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10
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Urquhart CA, Williams JL. Trait correlations and landscape fragmentation jointly alter expansion speed via evolution at the leading edge in simulated range expansions. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-021-00503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Carrying Capacity of Spatially Distributed Metapopulations. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:164-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Sapage M, Varela SAM, Kokko H. Social learning by mate‐choice copying increases dispersal and reduces local adaptation. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sapage
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Susana A. M. Varela
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência Oeiras Portugal
- ISPA—Instituto Universitário Lisboa Portugal
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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13
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Edelsparre AH, Fitzpatrick MJ, Rodríguez MA, Sokolowski MB. Tracking dispersal across a patchy landscape reveals a dynamic interaction between genotype and habitat structure. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allan H. Edelsparre
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 56 3B2 Canada
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Toronto Scarborough Toronto ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Mark J. Fitzpatrick
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 56 3B2 Canada
- Dept of Cells and Systems Biology, Univ. of Toronto Totonto ON Canada
| | - Marco A. Rodríguez
- Dépt des sciences de l'environnement, Univ. du Québec à Trois‐Rivières Trois‐Rivières QC Canada
| | - Marla B. Sokolowski
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 56 3B2 Canada
- Program in Child and Brain Development, Canadina Institute for Advanced Reserach Toronto ON Canada
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14
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Suh YH, Pesendorfer MB, Tringali A, Bowman R, Fitzpatrick JW. Investigating social and environmental predictors of natal dispersal in a cooperative breeding bird. Behav Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Natal dispersal is a crucial life-history trait that affects both individual fitness and population structure, yet drivers of variation in dispersal probability and distance are difficult to study in wild populations. In cooperatively breeding species, individuals typically delay dispersal beyond their first breeding season and remain on the natal territory as nonbreeders, which prolongs social dynamics that can affect dispersal decisions. Using a 35-year data set covering almost 600 dispersal events in the cooperatively breeding Florida scrub-jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens), we examined the environmental and social parameters that predict dispersal probability over time and distance. In both sexes, dispersal probability increased with age, which, in turn, was negatively correlated with dispersal distance. In males, individuals occupying low-quality natal territories and living with a stepfather had an increased probability of dispersal. Older and more dominant males were more likely to inherit their natal territory. In females, which generally disperse earlier and farther than males, socially subordinate jays dispersed farther than dominant ones. Overall, jays that delayed dispersal the longest were more likely to attain breeding status near their natal territory, which was previously found to be associated with increased survival and lifetime fitness. Our results suggest that social dynamics and environmental factors on the natal territory affect delayed dispersal patterns differently for the two sexes in this cooperative breeder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ha Suh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Avian Ecology Program, Archbold Biological Station, Venus, FL, USA
| | - Mario B Pesendorfer
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian’s National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Forest and Soil Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Wien, Austria
| | - Angela Tringali
- Avian Ecology Program, Archbold Biological Station, Venus, FL, USA
| | - Reed Bowman
- Avian Ecology Program, Archbold Biological Station, Venus, FL, USA
| | - John W Fitzpatrick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Avian Ecology Program, Archbold Biological Station, Venus, FL, USA
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15
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Chen D, Liao J, Bearup D, Li Z. Habitat heterogeneity mediates effects of individual variation on spatial species coexistence. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192436. [PMID: 31964303 PMCID: PMC7015336 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have documented the importance of individual variation (IV) in determining the outcome of competition between species. However, little is known about how the interplay between IV and habitat heterogeneity (i.e. variation and spatial autocorrelation in habitat quality) affects species coexistence at the landscape scale. Here, we incorporate habitat heterogeneity into a competition model with IV, in order to explore the mechanism of spatial species coexistence. We find that individual-level variation and habitat heterogeneity interact to promote species coexistence, more obviously at lower dispersal rates. This is in stark contrast to early non-spatial models, which predicted that IV reinforces competitive hierarchies and therefore speeds up species exclusion. In essence, increasing variation in patch quality and/or spatial habitat autocorrelation moderates differences in the competitive ability of species, thereby allowing species to coexist both locally and globally. Overall, our theoretical study offers a mechanistic explanation for emerging empirical evidence that both habitat heterogeneity and IV promote species coexistence and therefore biodiversity maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbao Liao
- Ministry of Education's Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Ziyang Road 99, 330022 Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Daniel Bearup
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, University of Kent, Parkwood Road, Canterbury CT2 7FS, UK
| | - Zhenqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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16
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Addis BR, Lowe WH. Long-term survival probability, not current habitat quality, predicts dispersal distance in a stream salamander. Ecology 2020; 101:e02982. [PMID: 31958140 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal evolves as an adaptive mechanism to optimize individual fitness across the landscape. Specifically, dispersal represents a mechanism to escape fitness costs resulting from changes in environmental conditions. Decades of empirical work suggest that individuals use local habitat cues to make movement decisions, but theory predicts that dispersal can also evolve as a fixed trait, independent of local conditions, in environments characterized by a history of stochastic spatiotemporal variation. Until now, however, both conditional and fixed models of dispersal evolution have primarily been evaluated using emigration data (stay vs. leave), and not dispersal distances: a more comprehensive measure of dispersal. Our goal was to test whether conditional or fixed models of dispersal evolution predict variation in dispersal distance in the stream salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus. We quantified variation in habitat conditions using measures of salamander performance from 4 yr of spatially explicit, capture-mark-recapture (CMR) data across three headwater streams in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in central New Hampshire, USA. We used body condition as an index of local habitat quality that individuals may use to make dispersal decisions, and survival probability estimated from multistate CMR models as an index of mortality risk resulting from the long-term history of environmental variation. We found that dispersal distances increased with declining survival probability, indicating that salamanders disperse further in risky environments. Dispersal distances were unrelated to spatial variation in body condition, suggesting that salamanders do not base dispersal distance decisions on local habitat quality. Our study provides the first empirical support for fixed models of dispersal evolution, which predict that dispersal evolves in response to a history of spatiotemporal environmental variation, rather than as a conditional response to current habitat conditions. More broadly, this study underscores the value of assessing alternative scales of environmental variation to gain a more complete and balanced understanding of dispersal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R Addis
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - Winsor H Lowe
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
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17
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Karisto P, Kisdi É. Joint evolution of dispersal and connectivity. Evolution 2019; 73:2529-2537. [PMID: 31637697 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Functional connectivity, the realized flow of individuals between the suitable sites of a heterogeneous landscape, is a prime determinant of the maintenance and evolution of populations in fragmented habitats. While a large body of literature examines the evolution of dispersal propensity, it is less known how evolution shapes functional connectivity via traits that influence the distribution of the dispersers. Here, we use a simple model to demonstrate that, in a heterogeneous environment with clustered and solitary sites (i.e., with variable structural connectivity), the evolutionarily stable population contains strains that are strongly differentiated in their pattern of connectivity (local vs. global dispersal), but not necessarily in the fraction of dispersed individuals. Also during evolutionary branching, selection is disruptive predominantly on the pattern of connectivity rather than on dispersal propensity itself. Our model predicts diversification along a hitherto neglected axis of dispersal strategies and highlights the role of the solitary sites-the more isolated and therefore seemingly less important patches of habitat-in maintaining global dispersal that keeps all sites connected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petteri Karisto
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 68, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Current address: Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Éva Kisdi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 68, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Banitz T. Spatially structured intraspecific trait variation can foster biodiversity in disturbed, heterogeneous environments. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Banitz
- UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Dept of Ecological Modelling Permoserstraße 15 DE‐04318 Leipzig Germany
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19
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Shaw AK, D’Aloia CC, Buston PM. The Evolution of Marine Larval Dispersal Kernels in Spatially Structured Habitats: Analytical Models, Individual-Based Simulations, and Comparisons with Empirical Estimates. Am Nat 2019; 193:424-435. [DOI: 10.1086/701667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Cenzer M, M'Gonigle LK. Local adaptation in dispersal in multi-resource landscapes. Evolution 2019; 73:648-660. [PMID: 30720200 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of resources in space has important consequences for the evolution of dispersal-related traits. Dispersal moderates patterns of gene flow and, consequently, the potential for local adaptation to spatially differentiated resource types. We lack both models and experiments that evaluate how dispersal evolves in landscapes with multiple resources. Here, we investigate the evolution of dispersal in landscapes that contain two resource types that differ in their spatial autocorrelations. Individuals may possess ecological traits that give them a fitness advantage on one or the other resource. We find that resources differing in their spatial autocorrelation select for different optimal dispersal strategies and, further, that some multi-resource landscapes can support the stable coexistence of distinct dispersal strategies. Whether divergence in dispersal strategies between resource specialists occurs depends on the underlying structure of the resources and the degree of linkage between dispersal strategies and ecological specialization. This work indicates that the spatial autocorrelation of resources is an important factor in determining when evolutionary branching is likely to occur, and sheds light on when secondary isolating mechanisms should arise between locally adapted specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Cenzer
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306.,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Leithen K M'Gonigle
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306.,Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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21
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Atkins JL, Perry GLW, Dennis TE. Effects of mis-alignment between dispersal traits and landscape structure on dispersal success in fragmented landscapes. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181702. [PMID: 30800399 PMCID: PMC6366165 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal is fundamental to population dynamics and hence extinction risk. The dispersal success of animals depends on the biophysical structure of their environments and their biological traits; however, comparatively little is known about how evolutionary trade-offs among suites of biological traits affect dispersal potential. We developed a spatially explicit agent-based simulation model to evaluate the influence of trade-offs among a suite of biological traits on the dispersal success of vagile animals in fragmented landscapes. We specifically chose traits known to influence dispersal success: speed of movement, perceptual range, risk of predation, need to forage during dispersal, and amount of suitable habitat required for successful settlement in a patch. Using the metric of relative dispersal success rate, we assessed how the costs and benefits of evolutionary investment in these biological traits varied with landscape structure. In heterogeneous environments with low habitat availability and scattered habitat patches, individuals with more equal allocation across the trait spectrum dispersed most successfully. Our analyses suggest that the dispersal success of animals in heterogeneous environments is highly dependent on hierarchical interactions between trait trade-offs and the geometric configurations of the habitat patches in the landscapes through which they disperse. In an applied sense, our results indicate potential for ecological mis-alignment between species' evolved suites of dispersal-related traits and altered environmental conditions as a result of rapid global change. In many cases identifying the processes that shape patterns of animal dispersal, and the consequences of abiotic changes for these processes, will require consideration of complex relationships among a range of organism-specific and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine L. Atkins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, 106A Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544-2016, USA
| | - George L. W. Perry
- School of Environment, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Todd E. Dennis
- Department of Biology, Fiji National University, PO Box 5529, Natabua, Lautoka, Republic of Fiji Islands
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22
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Puzin C, Bonte D, Pétillon J. Influence of individual density and habitat availability on long-distance dispersal in a salt-marsh spider. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2018.1486888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Puzin
- EA7316, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julien Pétillon
- EA7316, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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23
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Hendrix R, Schmidt BR, Schaub M, Krause ET, Steinfartz S. Differentiation of movement behaviour in an adaptively diverging salamander population. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6400-6413. [PMID: 28881403 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal is considered to be a species-specific trait, but intraspecific variation can be high. However, when and how this complex trait starts to differentiate during the divergence of species/lineages is unknown. Here, we studied the differentiation of movement behaviour in a large salamander population (Salamandra salamandra), in which individual adaptations to different habitat conditions drive the genetic divergence of this population into two subpopulations. In this system, salamanders have adapted to the deposition and development of their larvae in ephemeral ponds vs. small first-order streams. In general, the pond habitat is characterized as a spatially and temporally highly unpredictable habitat, while streams provide more stable and predictable conditions for the development of larvae. We analysed the fine-scale genetic distribution of larvae, and explored whether the adaptation to different larval habitat conditions has in turn also affected dispersal strategies and home range size of adult salamanders. Based on the genetic assignment of adult individuals to their respective larval habitat type, we show that pond-adapted salamanders occupied larger home ranges, displayed long-distance dispersal and had a higher variability of movement types than the stream-adapted individuals. We argue that the differentiation of phenotypically plastic traits such as dispersal and movement characteristics can be a crucial component in the course of adaptation to new habitat conditions, thereby promoting the genetic divergence of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Hendrix
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Animal Behavior, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Benedikt R Schmidt
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,KARCH, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - E Tobias Krause
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Celle, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steinfartz
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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24
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Saastamoinen M, Bocedi G, Cote J, Legrand D, Guillaume F, Wheat CW, Fronhofer EA, Garcia C, Henry R, Husby A, Baguette M, Bonte D, Coulon A, Kokko H, Matthysen E, Niitepõld K, Nonaka E, Stevens VM, Travis JMJ, Donohue K, Bullock JM, Del Mar Delgado M. Genetics of dispersal. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:574-599. [PMID: 28776950 PMCID: PMC5811798 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal is a process of central importance for the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of populations and communities, because of its diverse consequences for gene flow and demography. It is subject to evolutionary change, which begs the question, what is the genetic basis of this potentially complex trait? To address this question, we (i) review the empirical literature on the genetic basis of dispersal, (ii) explore how theoretical investigations of the evolution of dispersal have represented the genetics of dispersal, and (iii) discuss how the genetic basis of dispersal influences theoretical predictions of the evolution of dispersal and potential consequences. Dispersal has a detectable genetic basis in many organisms, from bacteria to plants and animals. Generally, there is evidence for significant genetic variation for dispersal or dispersal‐related phenotypes or evidence for the micro‐evolution of dispersal in natural populations. Dispersal is typically the outcome of several interacting traits, and this complexity is reflected in its genetic architecture: while some genes of moderate to large effect can influence certain aspects of dispersal, dispersal traits are typically polygenic. Correlations among dispersal traits as well as between dispersal traits and other traits under selection are common, and the genetic basis of dispersal can be highly environment‐dependent. By contrast, models have historically considered a highly simplified genetic architecture of dispersal. It is only recently that models have started to consider multiple loci influencing dispersal, as well as non‐additive effects such as dominance and epistasis, showing that the genetic basis of dispersal can influence evolutionary rates and outcomes, especially under non‐equilibrium conditions. For example, the number of loci controlling dispersal can influence projected rates of dispersal evolution during range shifts and corresponding demographic impacts. Incorporating more realism in the genetic architecture of dispersal is thus necessary to enable models to move beyond the purely theoretical towards making more useful predictions of evolutionary and ecological dynamics under current and future environmental conditions. To inform these advances, empirical studies need to answer outstanding questions concerning whether specific genes underlie dispersal variation, the genetic architecture of context‐dependent dispersal phenotypes and behaviours, and correlations among dispersal and other traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo Saastamoinen
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Greta Bocedi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, U.K
| | - Julien Cote
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique UMR5174, CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Legrand
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, SETE Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Frédéric Guillaume
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher W Wheat
- Population Genetics, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emanuel A Fronhofer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Garcia
- CIBIO-InBIO, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Roslyn Henry
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, U.K.,School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH89XP, U.K
| | - Arild Husby
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michel Baguette
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, SETE Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, 09200 Moulis, France.,Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Dries Bonte
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Coulon
- PSL Research University, CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, Biogéographie et Ecologie des Vertébrés, 34293 Montpellier, France.,CESCO UMR 7204, Bases écologiques de la conservation, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erik Matthysen
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kristjan Niitepõld
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Etsuko Nonaka
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virginie M Stevens
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, SETE Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Justin M J Travis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, U.K
| | | | - James M Bullock
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, U.K
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25
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Karisto P, Kisdi É. Evolution of dispersal under variable connectivity. J Theor Biol 2017; 419:52-65. [PMID: 27851903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The pattern of connectivity between local populations or between microsites supporting individuals within a population is a poorly understood factor affecting the evolution of dispersal. We modify the well-known Hamilton-May model of dispersal evolution to allow for variable connectivity between microsites. For simplicity, we assume that the microsites are either solitary, i.e., weakly connected through costly dispersal, or part of a well-connected cluster of sites with low-cost dispersal within the cluster. We use adaptive dynamics to investigate the evolution of dispersal, obtaining analytic results for monomorphic evolution and numerical results for the co-evolution of two dispersal strategies. A monomorphic population always evolves to a unique singular dispersal strategy, which may be an evolutionarily stable strategy or an evolutionary branching point. Evolutionary branching happens if the contrast between connectivities is sufficiently high and the solitary microsites are common. The dimorphic evolutionary singularity, when it exists, is always evolutionarily and convergence stable. The model exhibits both protected and unprotected dimorphisms of dispersal strategies, but the dimorphic singularity is always protected. Contrasting connectivities can thus maintain dispersal polymorphisms in temporally stable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petteri Karisto
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Éva Kisdi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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26
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Martin AE, Desrochers A, Fahrig L. Homogenization of dispersal ability across bird species in response to landscape change. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Martin
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory (GLEL); Carleton Univ.; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - André Desrochers
- Centre d’Étude de la forêt; Faculté de Foresterie, de Géographie et de Géomatique, Univ. Laval; Québec City Québec Canada
| | - Lenore Fahrig
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory (GLEL); Carleton Univ.; Ottawa ON Canada
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27
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Blandenier G, Bruggisser OT, Bersier LF. Do spiders respond to global change? A study on the phenology of ballooning spiders in Switzerland. ECOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.2980/21-1-3636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Henriques-Silva R, Boivin F, Calcagno V, Urban MC, Peres-Neto PR. On the evolution of dispersal via heterogeneity in spatial connectivity. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20142879. [PMID: 25673685 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispersal has long been recognized as a mechanism that shapes many observed ecological and evolutionary processes. Thus, understanding the factors that promote its evolution remains a major goal in evolutionary ecology. Landscape connectivity may mediate the trade-off between the forces in favour of dispersal propensity (e.g. kin-competition, local extinction probability) and those against it (e.g. energetic or survival costs of dispersal). It remains, however, an open question how differing degrees of landscape connectivity may select for different dispersal strategies. We implemented an individual-based model to study the evolution of dispersal on landscapes that differed in the variance of connectivity across patches ranging from networks with all patches equally connected to highly heterogeneous networks. The parthenogenetic individuals dispersed based on a flexible logistic function of local abundance. Our results suggest, all else being equal, that landscapes differing in their connectivity patterns will select for different dispersal strategies and that these strategies confer a long-term fitness advantage to individuals at the regional scale. The strength of the selection will, however, vary across network types, being stronger on heterogeneous landscapes compared with the ones where all patches have equal connectivity. Our findings highlight how landscape connectivity can determine the evolution of dispersal strategies, which in turn affects how we think about important ecological dynamics such as metapopulation persistence and range expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Henriques-Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Quebec à Montreal, CP. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C3P8
| | - Frédéric Boivin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Quebec à Montreal, CP. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C3P8
| | - Vincent Calcagno
- INRA, UMR 1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 Route des Chappes, Sophia Antipolis Cedex BP 167-06903, France
| | - Mark C Urban
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA
| | - Pedro R Peres-Neto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Quebec à Montreal, CP. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C3P8 Canada Research Chair in Spatial Modelling and Biodiversity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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29
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Huth G, Haegeman B, Pitard E, Munoz F. Long-Distance Rescue and Slow Extinction Dynamics Govern Multiscale Metapopulations. Am Nat 2015; 186:460-9. [DOI: 10.1086/682947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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30
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Life History Consequences of the Facultative Expression of a Dispersal Life Stage in the Phoretic Bulb Mite (Rhizoglyphus robini). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136872. [PMID: 26325395 PMCID: PMC4556651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Life history traits play an important role in population dynamics and correlate, both positively and negatively, with dispersal in a wide range of taxa. Most invertebrate studies on trade-offs between life history traits and dispersal have focused on dispersal via flight, yet much less is known about how life history trade-offs influence species that disperse by other means. In this study, we identify effects of investing in dispersal morphology (dispersal expression) on life history traits in the male dimorphic bulb mite (Rhizoglyphus robini). This species has a facultative juvenile life stage (deutonymph) during which individuals can disperse by phoresy. Further, adult males are either fighters (which kill other mites) or benign scramblers. Here, in an experiment, we investigate the effects of investing in dispersal on size at maturity, sex and male morph ratio, and female lifetime reproductive success. We show that life history traits correlate negatively with the expression of the dispersal stage. Remarkably, all males that expressed the dispersal life stage developed into competitive fighters and none into scramblers. This suggests that alternative, male reproductive strategies and dispersal should not be viewed in isolation but considered concurrently.
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31
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Burgess SC, Baskett ML, Grosberg RK, Morgan SG, Strathmann RR. When is dispersal for dispersal? Unifying marine and terrestrial perspectives. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:867-82. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Burgess
- Department of Biological Science; Florida State University; 319 Stadium Drive Tallahassee FL 32308 U.S.A
| | - Marissa L. Baskett
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy; University of California; One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
| | - Richard K. Grosberg
- Department of Evolution and Ecology; University of California; One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
| | - Steven G. Morgan
- Bodega Marine Laboratory; University of California; 2099 Westside Rd Davis CA 94923 U.S.A
| | - Richard R. Strathmann
- Friday Harbor Laboratories; University of Washington; 620 University Rd Friday Harbor WA 98250 U.S.A
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32
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Weigang HC, Kisdi É. Evolution of dispersal under a fecundity-dispersal trade-off. J Theor Biol 2015; 371:145-53. [PMID: 25702937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Resources invested in dispersal structures as well as time and energy spent during transfer may often decrease fecundity. Here we analyse an extended version of the Hamilton-May model of dispersal evolution, where we include a fecundity-dispersal trade-off and also mortality between competition and reproduction. With adaptive dynamics and critical function analysis we investigate the evolution of dispersal strategies and ask whether adaptive diversification is possible. We exclude evolutionary branching for concave trade-offs and show that for convex trade-offs diversification is promoted in a narrow parameter range. We provide theoretical evidence that dispersal strategies can monotonically decrease with increasing survival during dispersal. Moreover, we illustrate the existence of two alternative attracting dispersal strategies. The model exhibits fold bifurcation points where slight changes in survival can lead to evolutionary catastrophes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene C Weigang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Éva Kisdi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
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33
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Hillaert J, Boeye J, Stoks R, Bonte D. The evolution of thermal performance can constrain dispersal during range shifting. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS 2015; 9:317-335. [PMID: 26406927 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2015.1078503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organisms can cope with changing temperature under climate change by either adapting to the temperature at which they perform best and/or by dispersing to more benign locations. The evolution of a new thermal niche during range shifting is, however, expected to be strongly constrained by genetic load because spatial sorting is known to induce fast evolution of dispersal. To broaden our understanding of this interaction, we studied the joint evolution of dispersal and thermal performance curves (TPCs) of a population during range shifting by applying an individual-based spatially explicit model. Always, TPCs adapted to the local thermal conditions. Remarkably, this adaptation coincided with an evolution of dispersal at the shifting range front being equally high or lower than at the trailing edge. This optimal strategy reduces genetic load and highlights that evolutionary dynamics during range shifting change when crucial traits such as dispersal and thermal performance jointly evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hillaert
- a Department Biology , Ghent University , Terrestrial Ecology Unit, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - J Boeye
- a Department Biology , Ghent University , Terrestrial Ecology Unit, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - R Stoks
- b Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation , KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - D Bonte
- a Department Biology , Ghent University , Terrestrial Ecology Unit, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
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34
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35
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Fronhofer EA, Joachim Poethke H, Dieckmann U. Evolution of dispersal distance: maternal investment leads to bimodal dispersal kernels. J Theor Biol 2014; 365:270-9. [PMID: 25451521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Since dispersal research has mainly focused on the evolutionary dynamics of dispersal rates, it remains unclear what shape evolutionarily stable dispersal kernels have. Yet, detailed knowledge about dispersal kernels, quantifying the statistical distribution of dispersal distances, is of pivotal importance for understanding biogeographic diversity, predicting species invasions, and explaining range shifts. We therefore examine the evolution of dispersal kernels in an individual-based model of a population of sessile organisms, such as trees or corals. Specifically, we analyze the influence of three potentially important factors on the shape of dispersal kernels: distance-dependent competition, distance-dependent dispersal costs, and maternal investment reducing an offspring׳s dispersal costs through a trade-off with maternal fecundity. We find that without maternal investment, competition and dispersal costs lead to unimodal kernels, with increasing dispersal costs reducing the kernel׳s width and tail weight. Unexpectedly, maternal investment inverts this effect: kernels become bimodal at high dispersal costs. This increases a kernel׳s width and tail weight, and thus the fraction of long-distance dispersers, at the expense of simultaneously increasing the fraction of non-dispersers. We demonstrate the qualitative robustness of our results against variations in the tested parameter combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel A Fronhofer
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Field Station Fabrikschleichach, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, D-96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany.
| | - Hans Joachim Poethke
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, D-96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Ulf Dieckmann
- Evolution and Ecology Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
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36
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Duputié A, Massol F. An empiricist's guide to theoretical predictions on the evolution of dispersal. Interface Focus 2014; 3:20130028. [PMID: 24516715 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2013.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal, the tendency for organisms to reproduce away from their parents, influences many evolutionary and ecological processes, from speciation and extinction events, to the coexistence of genotypes within species or biological invasions. Understanding how dispersal evolves is crucial to predict how global changes might affect species persistence and geographical distribution. The factors driving the evolution of dispersal have been well characterized from a theoretical standpoint, and predictions have been made about their respective influence on, for example, dispersal polymorphism or the emergence of dispersal syndromes. However, the experimental tests of some theories remain scarce partly because a synthetic view of theoretical advances is still lacking. Here, we review the different ingredients of models of dispersal evolution, from selective pressures and types of predictions, through mathematical and ecological assumptions, to the methods used to obtain predictions. We provide perspectives as to which predictions are easiest to test, how theories could be better exploited to provide testable predictions, what theoretical developments are needed to tackle this topic, and we place the question of the evolution of dispersal within the larger interdisciplinary framework of eco-evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Duputié
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS) , 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier cedex 05 34293 , France
| | - François Massol
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS) , 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier cedex 05 34293 , France
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Peter F, Berens DG, Farwig N. Effects of local tree diversity on herbivore communities diminish with increasing forest fragmentation on the landscape scale. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95551. [PMID: 24743315 PMCID: PMC3990639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Forest fragmentation and plant diversity have been shown to play a crucial role for herbivorous insects (herbivores, hereafter). In turn, herbivory-induced leaf area loss is known to have direct implications for plant growth and reproduction as well as long-term consequences for ecosystem functioning and forest regeneration. So far, previous studies determined diverging responses of herbivores to forest fragmentation and plant diversity. Those inconsistent results may be owed to complex interactive effects of both co-occurring environmental factors albeit they act on different spatial scales. In this study, we investigated whether forest fragmentation on the landscape scale and tree diversity on the local habitat scale show interactive effects on the herbivore community and leaf area loss in subtropical forests in South Africa. We applied standardized beating samples and a community-based approach to estimate changes in herbivore community composition, herbivore abundance, and the effective number of herbivore species on the tree species-level. We further monitored leaf area loss to link changes in the herbivore community to the associated process of herbivory. Forest fragmentation and tree diversity interactively affected the herbivore community composition, mainly by a species turnover within the family of Curculionidae. Furthermore, herbivore abundance increased and the number of herbivore species decreased with increasing tree diversity in slightly fragmented forests whereas the effects diminished with increasing forest fragmentation. Surprisingly, leaf area loss was neither affected by forest fragmentation or tree diversity, nor by changes in the herbivore community. Our study highlights the need to consider interactive effects of environmental changes across spatial scales in order to draw reliable conclusions for community and interaction patterns. Moreover, forest fragmentation seems to alter the effect of tree diversity on the herbivore community, and thus, has the potential to jeopardize ecosystem functioning and forest regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Peter
- Department of Ecology - Conservation Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Dana G. Berens
- Department of Ecology - Conservation Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nina Farwig
- Department of Ecology - Conservation Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K. Shaw
- Div. of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics; Research School of Biology, The Australian National Univ.; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
- Dept of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior; Univ. of Minnesota; St. Paul MN 55108 USA
| | - Matti Jalasvuori
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Univ. of Jyväskylä; PO Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Div. of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics; Research School of Biology, The Australian National Univ.; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
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Palmer SCF, Coulon A, Travis JMJ. Inter-individual variability in dispersal behaviours impacts connectivity estimates. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. F. Palmer
- Inst. of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Aberdeen, Zoology Building; Tillydrone Avenue Aberdeen AB24 2TZ UK
| | - Aurélie Coulon
- UMR 7204 MNHN/CNRS/UPMC, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; 4 avenue du Petit Château FR-91800 Brunoy France
- UMR 5175 CEFE, CNRS; 1919 route de Mende FR-34293 Montpellier 5 France
| | - Justin M. J. Travis
- Inst. of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Aberdeen, Zoology Building; Tillydrone Avenue Aberdeen AB24 2TZ UK
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Fronhofer EA, Stelz JM, Lutz E, Poethke HJ, Bonte D. SPATIALLY CORRELATED EXTINCTIONS SELECT FOR LESS EMIGRATION BUT LARGER DISPERSAL DISTANCES IN THE SPIDER MITETETRANYCHUS URTICAE. Evolution 2014; 68:1838-44. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel A. Fronhofer
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach; University of Würzburg; Glashüttenstrasse 5 D-96181 Rauhenebrach Germany
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Überlandstrasse 133 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Jonas M. Stelz
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach; University of Würzburg; Glashüttenstrasse 5 D-96181 Rauhenebrach Germany
| | - Eva Lutz
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach; University of Würzburg; Glashüttenstrasse 5 D-96181 Rauhenebrach Germany
| | - Hans Joachim Poethke
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach; University of Würzburg; Glashüttenstrasse 5 D-96181 Rauhenebrach Germany
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit; Ghent University; K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 BE-9000 Ghent Belgium
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Liao J, Li Z, Hiebeler DE, El-Bana M, Deckmyn G, Nijs I. Modelling plant population size and extinction thresholds from habitat loss and habitat fragmentation: Effects of neighbouring competition and dispersal strategy. Ecol Modell 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kubisch A, Holt RD, Poethke HJ, Fronhofer EA. Where am I and why? Synthesizing range biology and the eco-evolutionary dynamics of dispersal. OIKOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Haller BC, Mazzucco R, Dieckmann U. Evolutionary branching in complex landscapes. Am Nat 2013; 182:E127-41. [PMID: 24021409 DOI: 10.1086/671907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Divergent adaptation to different environments can promote speciation, and it is thus important to consider spatial structure in models of speciation. Earlier theoretical work, however, has been limited to particularly simple types of spatial structure (linear environmental gradients and spatially discrete metapopulations), leaving unaddressed the effects of more realistic patterns of landscape heterogeneity, such as nonlinear gradients and spatially continuous patchiness. To elucidate the consequences of such complex landscapes, we adapt an established spatially explicit individual-based model of evolutionary branching. We show that branching is most probable at intermediate levels of various types of heterogeneity and that different types of heterogeneity have, to some extent, additive effects in promoting branching. In contrast to such additivity, we find a novel refugium effect in which refugia in hostile environments provide opportunities for colonization, thus increasing the probability of branching in patchy landscapes. Effects of patchiness depend on the scale of patches relative to dispersal. Providing a needed connection to empirical research on biodiversity and conservation policy, we introduce empirically accessible spatial environmental metrics that quantitatively predict a landscape's branching propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Haller
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C4, Canada
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Delattre T, Baguette M, Burel F, Stevens VM, Quénol H, Vernon P. Interactive effects of landscape and weather on dispersal. OIKOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pe'er G, Zurita GA, Schober L, Bellocq MI, Strer M, Müller M, Pütz S. Simple process-based simulators for generating spatial patterns of habitat loss and fragmentation: a review and introduction to the G-RaFFe model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64968. [PMID: 23724108 PMCID: PMC3665680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Landscape simulators are widely applied in landscape ecology for generating landscape patterns. These models can be divided into two categories: pattern-based models that generate spatial patterns irrespective of the processes that shape them, and process-based models that attempt to generate patterns based on the processes that shape them. The latter often tend toward complexity in an attempt to obtain high predictive precision, but are rarely used for generic or theoretical purposes. Here we show that a simple process-based simulator can generate a variety of spatial patterns including realistic ones, typifying landscapes fragmented by anthropogenic activities. The model “G-RaFFe” generates roads and fields to reproduce the processes in which forests are converted into arable lands. For a selected level of habitat cover, three factors dominate its outcomes: the number of roads (accessibility), maximum field size (accounting for land ownership patterns), and maximum field disconnection (which enables field to be detached from roads). We compared the performance of G-RaFFe to three other models: Simmap (neutral model), Qrule (fractal-based) and Dinamica EGO (with 4 model versions differing in complexity). A PCA-based analysis indicated G-RaFFe and Dinamica version 4 (most complex) to perform best in matching realistic spatial patterns, but an alternative analysis which considers model variability identified G-RaFFe and Qrule as performing best. We also found model performance to be affected by habitat cover and the actual land-uses, the latter reflecting on land ownership patterns. We suggest that simple process-based generators such as G-RaFFe can be used to generate spatial patterns as templates for theoretical analyses, as well as for gaining better understanding of the relation between spatial processes and patterns. We suggest caution in applying neutral or fractal-based approaches, since spatial patterns that typify anthropogenic landscapes are often non-fractal in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Pe'er
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Conservation Biology, Leipzig, Germany.
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Kubisch A, Fronhofer EA, Poethke HJ, Hovestadt T. Kin competition as a major driving force for invasions. Am Nat 2013; 181:700-6. [PMID: 23594552 DOI: 10.1086/670008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Current theory explains accelerating invasions with increased levels of dispersal as being caused by "spatial selection." Here we argue that another selective force, strong kin competition resulting from high relatedness due to subsequent founder effects at the expanding margin, is of at least comparable importance for dispersal evolution during invasions. We test this hypothesis with individual-based simulations of a spatially structured population invading empty space. To quantify the relative contribution of kin competition to dispersal evolution, we contrast two scenarios, one including kin effects and one excluding them without influencing spatial selection. We find that kin competition is a major determinant for dispersal evolution at invasion fronts, especially under environmental conditions that favor a pronounced kin structure (i.e., small patches, low environmental stochasticity, and high patch isolation). We demonstrate the importance of kin competition and thus biotic influences on dispersal evolution during invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kubisch
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, University of Würzburg, Glashuettenstrasse 5, 96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany.
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Burgess SC, Bode M, Marshall DJ. Costs of dispersal alter optimal offspring size in patchy habitats: combining theory and data for a marine invertebrate. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Burgess
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
- CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Cleveland Qld 4163 Australia
| | - Michael Bode
- School of Botany University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic 3010Australia
| | - Dustin J. Marshall
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
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Travis JMJ, Palmer SCF, Coyne S, Millon A, Lambin X. Evolution of predator dispersal in relation to spatio-temporal prey dynamics: how not to get stuck in the wrong place! PLoS One 2013; 8:e54453. [PMID: 23408940 PMCID: PMC3569443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The eco-evolutionary dynamics of dispersal are recognised as key in determining the responses of populations to environmental changes. Here, by developing a novel modelling approach, we show that predators are likely to have evolved to emigrate more often and become more selective over their destination patch when their prey species exhibit spatio-temporally complex dynamics. We additionally demonstrate that the cost of dispersal can vary substantially across space and time. Perhaps as a consequence of current environmental change, many key prey species are currently exhibiting major shifts in their spatio-temporal dynamics. By exploring similar shifts in silico, we predict that predator populations will be most vulnerable when prey dynamics shift from stable to complex. The more sophisticated dispersal rules, and greater variance therein, that evolve under complex dynamics will enable persistence across a broader range of prey dynamics than the rules which evolve under relatively stable prey conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M J Travis
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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Stevens VM, Trochet A, Blanchet S, Moulherat S, Clobert J, Baguette M. Dispersal syndromes and the use of life-histories to predict dispersal. Evol Appl 2013; 6:630-42. [PMID: 23789030 PMCID: PMC3684744 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its impact on local adaptation, population functioning or range shifts, dispersal is considered a central process for population persistence and species evolution. However, measuring dispersal is complicated, which justifies the use of dispersal proxies. Although appealing, and despite its general relationship with dispersal, body size has however proven unsatisfactory as a dispersal proxy. Our hypothesis here is that, given the existence of dispersal syndromes, suites of life-history traits may be alternative, more appropriate proxies for dispersal. We tested this idea by using butterflies as a model system. We demonstrate that different elements of the dispersal process (i.e., individual movement rates, distances, and gene flow) are correlated with different suites of life-history traits: these various elements of dispersal form separate syndromes and must be considered real axes of a species' niche. We then showed that these syndromes allowed accurate predictions of dispersal. The use of life-history traits improved the precision of the inferences made from wing size alone by up to five times. Such trait-based predictions thus provided reliable dispersal inferences that can feed simulation models aiming at investigating the dynamics and evolution of butterfly populations, and possibly of other organisms, under environmental changes, to help their conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie M Stevens
- CNRS Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale de Moulis, USR 2936, route du CNRS 09200 Moulis, France
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D'hondt B, Hoffmann M, Bonte D. Selection on plant height through the interplay of landscape and large herbivores. OIKOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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