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Tian W, Wang Z, Kong H, Tian Y, Huang T. Temporal-Spatial Fluctuations of a Phytoplankton Community and Their Association with Environmental Variables Based on Classification and Regression Tree in a Shallow Temperate Mountain River. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1612. [PMID: 39203454 PMCID: PMC11356651 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of environmental factors on phytoplankton are not simply positive or negative but complex and dependent on the combination of their concentrations in a fluctuating environment. Traditional statistical methods may miss some of the complex interactions between the environment and phytoplankton. In this study, the temporal-spatial fluctuations of phytoplankton diversity and abundance were investigated in a shallow temperate mountain river. The machine learning method classification and regression tree (CART) was used to explore the effects of environmental variables on the phytoplankton community. The results showed that both phytoplankton species diversity and abundance varied fiercely due to environmental fluctuation. Microcystis aeruginosa, Amphiprora sp., Anabaena oscillarioides, and Gymnodinium sp. were the dominant species. The CART analysis indicated that dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and water temperature (WT) explained 36.00%, 13.81%, 11.35%, 9.96%, and 8.80%, respectively, of phytoplankton diversity variance. Phytoplankton abundance was mainly affected by TN, WT, and TP, with variance explanations of 39.40%, 15.70%, and 14.09%, respectively. Most environmental factors had a complex influence on phytoplankton diversity and abundance: their effects were positive under some conditions but negative under other combinations. The results and methodology in this study are important in quantitatively understanding and exploring aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (W.T.); (H.K.); (Y.T.); (T.H.)
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Zhang W, Shen J, Wang J. Linking pollution to biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality across benthic-pelagic habitats of a large eutrophic lake: A whole-ecosystem perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117501. [PMID: 34380215 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity loss is often an important driver of the deterioration of ecosystem functioning in freshwater ecosystems. However, it is far from clear how multiple ecosystem functions (i.e., ecosystem multifunctionality, EMF) relate to biodiversity across the benthic-pelagic habitats of entire ecosystems or how environmental stress such as eutrophication and heavy metals enrichment might regulate the biodiversity-EMF relationships. Here, we explored the biodiversity and EMF across benthic-pelagic habitats of the large eutrophic Lake Taihu in China, and further examined abiotic factors underlying the spatial variations in EMF and its relationships with biodiversity. In our results, EMF consistently showed positive relationships to the biodiversity of multiple taxonomic groups, such as benthic bacteria, bacterioplankton and phytoplankton. Both sediment heavy metals and total phosphorus significantly explained the spatial variations in the EMF, whereas the former were more important than the latter. Further, sediment heavy metals mediated EMF through the diversity of benthic bacteria and bacterioplankton, while nutrients such as phosphorus in both the sediments and overlaying water altered EMF via phytoplankton diversity. This indicates the importance of pollution in regulating the relationships between biodiversity and EMF in freshwater environments. Our findings provide evidence that freshwater biodiversity loss among phytoplankton and bacteria will likely weaken ecosystem functioning. Our results further suggest that abiotic factors such as heavy metals, beyond nutrient enrichment, may provide relatively earlier signals of impaired ecosystem functioning during eutrophication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ji Shen
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Chia MA, Lorenzi AS, Ameh I, Dauda S, Cordeiro-Araújo MK, Agee JT, Okpanachi IY, Adesalu AT. Susceptibility of phytoplankton to the increasing presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the aquatic environment: A review. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 234:105809. [PMID: 33780670 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human and veterinary pharmaceuticals either in the form of un-metabolized, incompletely metabolized, and metabolized drugs are increasingly present in aquatic ecosystems. These active pharmaceutical ingredients from pharmaceutical industries, hospitals, agricultural, and domestic discharges find their way into water systems - where they adversely affect non-target organisms like phytoplankton. Different aspects of phytoplankton life; ranging from growth, reproduction, morphology, physiology, biochemical composition, oxidative response, proteomics, and transcriptomics are altered by pharmaceuticals. This review discusses the currently available information on the susceptibility of phytoplankton to the ever-increasing presence of pharmaceutical products in the aquatic environment by focusing on the effect of APIs on the physiology, metabolome, and proteome profiles of phytoplankton. We also highlight gaps in literature concerning the salient underlining biochemical interactions between phytoplankton communities and pharmaceuticals that require an in-depth investigation. This is all in a bid to understand the imminent dangers of the contamination of water bodies with pharmaceutical products and how this process unfavorably affects aquatic food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Sturion Lorenzi
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ilu Ameh
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Suleiman Dauda
- Department of Botany, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Botany, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis km 235. Zip Code 13.565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Micheline Kézia Cordeiro-Araújo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, São Dimas, Zip Code 13.418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jerry Tersoo Agee
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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DE OLIVEIRA SODRÉ ELDER, LANGLAIS-BOURASSA ALEXANDRE, POLLARD AMINAI, BEISNER BEATRIXE. Functional and taxonomic biogeography of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities in relation to environmental variation across the contiguous USA. JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH 2020; 42:10.1093/plankt/fbaa002. [PMID: 34366500 PMCID: PMC8340606 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems, the use of coarse group classifications, either taxonomic or functional, has been proposed as an alternative to more highly resolved taxonomic identification. We tested this proposition for phytoplankton and zooplankton using a pan-United States dataset, which also allows us to investigate biogeographic relationships between plankton groups and environmental variables. We used data from 1010 lakes composing the 2012 US National Lakes Assessment and compared relationships derived using genus-level, more aggregated taxonomic resolution and functional types. We examined responses nationally and by ecoregion. Differences in plankton assemblages among ecoregions were detected, especially at genus-level classification. Our analyses show a gradient of altitude and temperature influencing both phytoplankton and zooplankton, and another gradient of nutrients and anthropogenic activity influencing mostly phytoplankton. The overall variation in the planktonic communities explained by environmental variables ranged from 4 to 22%, but together indicated that aggregated taxonomic classification performed better for phytoplankton; for zooplankton, the performance of different classification types depended on the ecoregion. Our analyses also revealed linkages between particular phytoplankton and zooplankton groups, mainly attributable to similar environmental responses and trophic interactions. Overall, the results support the applicability of coarse classifications to infer general responses of plankton communities to environmental drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- ELDER DE OLIVEIRA SODRÉ
- DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND GROUPE DE RECHERCHE UNIVERSITAIRE EN LIMNOLOGIE ET EN ENVIRONNEMENT AQUATIQUE (GRIL), UNIVERSITY OF QUÉBEC AT MONTRÉAL, C.P. 8888, SUCC. CENTRE-VILLE, MONTRÉAL, QC H3C 3P8, CANADA
- DEPARTAMENTO DE ECOLOGIA, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO, CCS, IB, CAIXA POSTAL 68020, CEP 21941-970, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL
| | - ALEXANDRE LANGLAIS-BOURASSA
- DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND GROUPE DE RECHERCHE UNIVERSITAIRE EN LIMNOLOGIE ET EN ENVIRONNEMENT AQUATIQUE (GRIL), UNIVERSITY OF QUÉBEC AT MONTRÉAL, C.P. 8888, SUCC. CENTRE-VILLE, MONTRÉAL, QC H3C 3P8, CANADA
| | - AMINA I. POLLARD
- UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, OFFICE OF WATER, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20004 USA
| | - BEATRIX E. BEISNER
- DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND GROUPE DE RECHERCHE UNIVERSITAIRE EN LIMNOLOGIE ET EN ENVIRONNEMENT AQUATIQUE (GRIL), UNIVERSITY OF QUÉBEC AT MONTRÉAL, C.P. 8888, SUCC. CENTRE-VILLE, MONTRÉAL, QC H3C 3P8, CANADA
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Nath A, Tiwari PK, Rai AK, Sundaram S. Evaluation of carbon capture in competent microalgal consortium for enhanced biomass, lipid, and carbohydrate production. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:379. [PMID: 31588403 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enrichment of carbon dioxide (CO2) in environment is a major factor for enhancement of global warming on Earth surface. Microalgal consortia play an important role in inhibiting the alarming fluxes of CO2 through sustainable mechanism of bioconversion of CO2 into biomass. In the present investigation, eight heterogeneous consortia of cyanobacteria and green algae such as MC1, MC2, MC3, MC4, MC5, MC6, MC7, and MC8 for the sustainable utilization of effective CO2 sequestration and biomass production were studied. Two factorial central composite designs (% CO2 and pH) were used for optimization of cellular morphology, growth, and development of consortia. The photosynthetic quantum yield of consortium MC8 was found to be maximum (0.61) in comparison with other consortia. The morphological and physiological behavior of the above consortium was analyzed under C, 5, 10, and 15% concentrations of CO2 resource capture in 250 mL BG-11+ medium. We have identified that 10% CO2 concentrated medium maximally promoted the cellular growth in terms of cell dimension, dried biomass, carbohydrate, and lipid contents in this consortium. As such, the elemental composition of carbon and carbon capturing capability was high at 10% CO2 concentration. However, further CO2 enrichment (15%) led to decline in growth and morphology of cell size as compared to control. The results indicate that the optimum CO2 enrichment in consortia exhibits potent commercial utilization for rapid biomass production and plays a distinguished role in global carbon sequestration and mitigation agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Nath
- 1Centre of Biotechnology, Nehru Science Complex, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002 Uttar Pradesh India
- Nehru Gram Bharati (To be Deemed University), Prayagraj, 221505 India
| | - Pravin K Tiwari
- 3Laser Spectroscopy Research Laboratories, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Awadhesh K Rai
- 3Laser Spectroscopy Research Laboratories, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Shanthy Sundaram
- 1Centre of Biotechnology, Nehru Science Complex, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002 Uttar Pradesh India
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6
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Filstrup CT, King KBS, McCullough IM. Evenness effects mask richness effects on ecosystem functioning at macro-scales in lakes. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:2120-2129. [PMID: 31621180 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) theory has largely focused on species richness, although studies have demonstrated that evenness may have stronger effects. While theory and numerous small-scale studies support positive BEF relationships, regional studies have documented negative effects of evenness on ecosystem functioning. We analysed a lake dataset spanning the continental US to evaluate whether strong evenness effects are common at broad spatial scales and if BEF relationships are similar across diverse regions and trophic levels. At the continental scale, phytoplankton evenness explained more variance in phytoplankton and zooplankton resource use efficiency (RUE; ratio of biomass to resources) than richness. For individual regions, slopes of phytoplankton evenness-RUE relationships were consistently negative and positive for phytoplankton and zooplankton RUE, respectively, and most slopes did not significantly differ among regions. Findings suggest that negative evenness effects may be more common than previously documented and are not exceptions restricted to highly disturbed systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katelyn B S King
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ian M McCullough
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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7
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Daam MA, Teixeira H, Lillebø AI, Nogueira AJA. Establishing causal links between aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Status and research needs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:1145-1156. [PMID: 30625646 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how changes in biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning is imperative in allowing Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM), especially when addressing global change and environmental degradation. Research into the link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) has indeed increased considerably over the past decades. BEF research has focussed on terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems have received considerably less attention. Due to differences in phylogenetic diversity, ecological processes and reported BEF relationships, however, it may at least be questionable whether BEF relationships are exchangeable between these ecosystems (i.e. terrestrial and aquatic). The aim of the present paper was therefore to pinpoint key areas and bottlenecks in establishing BEF relationships for aquatic ecosystems (freshwater, transitional, and marine). To this end, the available literature with special emphasis on the last 10 years was assessed to evaluate: i) reported mechanisms and shapes of aquatic BEF relationships; ii) to what extent BEF relations are interchangeable or ecosystem-specific; and iii) contemporary gaps and needs in aquatic BEF research. Based on our analysis, it may be concluded that despite considerable progress in BEF research over the past decades, several bottlenecks still need to be tackled, namely incorporating the multitude of functions supported by ecosystems, functional distinctiveness of rare species, multitrophic interactions and spatial-temporal scales, before BEF relationships can be used in ecosystem-based management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel A Daam
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-191 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Heliana Teixeira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-191 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana I Lillebø
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-191 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António J A Nogueira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-191 Aveiro, Portugal.
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8
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van der Plas F. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in naturally assembled communities. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1220-1245. [PMID: 30724447 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 25 years ago, ecologists became increasingly interested in the question of whether ongoing biodiversity loss matters for the functioning of ecosystems. As such, a new ecological subfield on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (BEF) was born. This subfield was initially dominated by theoretical studies and by experiments in which biodiversity was manipulated, and responses of ecosystem functions such as biomass production, decomposition rates, carbon sequestration, trophic interactions and pollination were assessed. More recently, an increasing number of studies have investigated BEF relationships in non-manipulated ecosystems, but reviews synthesizing our knowledge on the importance of real-world biodiversity are still largely missing. I performed a systematic review in order to assess how biodiversity drives ecosystem functioning in both terrestrial and aquatic, naturally assembled communities, and on how important biodiversity is compared to other factors, including other aspects of community composition and abiotic conditions. The outcomes of 258 published studies, which reported 726 BEF relationships, revealed that in many cases, biodiversity promotes average biomass production and its temporal stability, and pollination success. For decomposition rates and ecosystem multifunctionality, positive effects of biodiversity outnumbered negative effects, but neutral relationships were even more common. Similarly, negative effects of prey biodiversity on pathogen and herbivore damage outnumbered positive effects, but were less common than neutral relationships. Finally, there was no evidence that biodiversity is related to soil carbon storage. Most BEF studies focused on the effects of taxonomic diversity, however, metrics of functional diversity were generally stronger predictors of ecosystem functioning. Furthermore, in most studies, abiotic factors and functional composition (e.g. the presence of a certain functional group) were stronger drivers of ecosystem functioning than biodiversity per se. While experiments suggest that positive biodiversity effects become stronger at larger spatial scales, in naturally assembled communities this idea is too poorly studied to draw general conclusions. In summary, a high biodiversity in naturally assembled communities positively drives various ecosystem functions. At the same time, the strength and direction of these effects vary highly among studies, and factors other than biodiversity can be even more important in driving ecosystem functioning. Thus, to promote those ecosystem functions that underpin human well-being, conservation should not only promote biodiversity per se, but also the abiotic conditions favouring species with suitable trait combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fons van der Plas
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Carol Adair E, Hooper DU, Paquette A, Hungate BA. Ecosystem context illuminates conflicting roles of plant diversity in carbon storage. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1604-1619. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Carol Adair
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont Burlington VT05405 USA
| | - David U. Hooper
- Department of Biology Western Washington University Bellingham WA98225‐9160 USA
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research Département des sciences biologiques Université du Québec à Montréal CP 8888, Succursale Centre‐ville Montréal QC Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Bruce A. Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ86011 USA
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10
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Biodiversity effects in the wild are common and as strong as key drivers of productivity. Nature 2017; 549:261-264. [DOI: 10.1038/nature23886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Nath A, tiwari PK, Rai AK, Sundaram S. Microalgal consortia differentially modulate progressive adsorption of hexavalent chromium. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 23:269-280. [PMID: 28461716 PMCID: PMC5391349 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A set of experiments was conducted to provide significant insights of micro-algal consortia regarding chromium adsorption. Four monocultures; Scenedesmus dimorphus, Chlorella sp., Oscillatoria sp., and Lyngbya sp., and their synthetic consortia were evaluated initially for chromium bio-adsorption at four different regimes of hexavalent chromium i.e. 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 ppm. Based on findings, only 1.0 and 5.0 ppm were considered for future experiments. Consequently, three different types of monoculture and consortia cells namely; live cells, heat-killed cells, and pre-treated cells were prepared to enhance their adsorption potential. Maximal adsorption of 112% was obtained at the dose of 1.0 ppm with 0.1% SDS pre-treated consortia cells over live consortia cells. In support, atomic absorption spectroscopy, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, pulse amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy were performed to assess the structural and functional changes within consortia and their utilization in mitigation of elevated chromium levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Nath
- Centre of Biotechnology, Nehru Science Centre, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002 India
| | - Pravin Kumar tiwari
- Laser Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar Rai
- Laser Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Shanthy Sundaram
- Centre of Biotechnology, Nehru Science Centre, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002 India
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Dai Y, Wu J, Ma X, Zhong F, Cui N, Cheng S. Increasing phytoplankton-available phosphorus and inhibition of macrophyte on phytoplankton bloom. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:871-880. [PMID: 27884524 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We assembled mesocosms to address the coherent mechanisms that an increasing phosphorus (P) concentration in water columns coupled with the phytoplankton bloom and identify the performance gap of regulating phytoplankton growth between two macrophyte species, Ceratophyllum demersum L. and Vallisneria spiralis L. Intense alkaline phosphatase activities (APA) were observed in the unplanted control, with their predominant part, phytoplankton APA (accounting for up to 44.7% of the total APA), and another large share, bacterial APA. These correspond with the large average concentration of total phosphorus (TP), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and soluble reactive (SRP) as well as high phytoplankton density in the water column. The consistency among P concentrations, phytoplankton density and APA, together with the positive impact of phytoplankton density on total APA revealed by the structural equation modelling (SEM), indicates that facilitated APA levels in water is an essential strategy for phytoplankton to enhance the available P. Furthermore, a positive interaction between phytoplankton APA and bacteria APA was detected, suggesting a potential collaboration between phytoplankton and bacteria to boost available P content in the water column. Both macrophyte species had a prominent performance on regulating phytoplankton proliferation. The phytoplankton density and quantum yield in C. demersum systems were all significantly lower (33.8% and 24.0%) than those in V. spiralis systems. Additionally, a greater decoupling effect of C. demersum on the relationship between P, APA, phytoplankton density, bacteria dynamic and quantum yield was revealed by SEM. These results imply that the preferred tactic of different species could lead to the performance gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Dai
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaohang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Naxin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuiping Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Tian W, Zhang H, Zhao L, Zhang F, Huang H. Phytoplankton Diversity Effects on Community Biomass and Stability along Nutrient Gradients in a Eutrophic Lake. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E95. [PMID: 28117684 PMCID: PMC5295345 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is a central issue in ecology, but how this relationship is affected by nutrient stress is still unknown. In this study, we analyzed the phytoplankton diversity effects on community biomass and stability along nutrient gradients in an artificial eutrophic lake. Four nutrient gradients, varying from slightly eutrophic to highly eutrophic states, were designed by adjusting the amount of polluted water that flowed into the lake. Mean phytoplankton biomass, species richness, and Shannon diversity index all showed significant differences among the four nutrient gradients. Phytoplankton community biomass was correlated with diversity (both species richness and Shannon diversity index), varying from positive to negative along the nutrient gradients. The influence of phytoplankton species richness on resource use efficiency (RUE) also changed from positive to negative along the nutrient gradients. However, the influence of phytoplankton Shannon diversity on RUE was not significant. Both phytoplankton species richness and Shannon diversity had a negative influence on community turnover (measured as community dissimilarity), i.e., a positive diversity-stability relationship. Furthermore, phytoplankton spatial stability decreased along the nutrient gradients in the lake. With increasing nutrient concentrations, the variability (standard deviation) of phytoplankton community biomass increased more rapidly than the average total biomass. Results in this study will be helpful in understanding the phytoplankton diversity effects on ecosystem functioning and how these effects are influenced by nutrient conditions in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Tian
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Huayong Zhang
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Feifan Zhang
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Hai Huang
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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14
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Effects of Environmental Factors on the Temporal Stability of Phytoplankton Biomass in a Eutrophic Man-Made Lake. WATER 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/w8120582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Steudel B, Hallmann C, Lorenz M, Abrahamczyk S, Prinz K, Herrfurth C, Feussner I, Martini JWR, Kessler M. Contrasting biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in phylogenetic and functional diversity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:409-420. [PMID: 27301904 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that ecosystem functioning is positively influenced by biodiversity. Most biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments have measured biodiversity based on species richness or phylogenetic relationships. However, theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that ecosystem functioning should be more closely related to functional diversity than to species richness. We applied different metrics of biodiversity in an artificial biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiment using 64 species of green microalgae in combinations of two to 16 species. We found that phylogenetic and functional diversity were positively correlated with biomass overyield, driven by their strong correlation with species richness. At low species richness, no significant correlation between overyield and functional and phylogenetic diversity was found. However, at high species richness (16 species), we found a positive relationship of overyield with functional diversity and a negative relationship with phylogenetic diversity. We show that negative phylogenetic diversity-ecosystem functioning relationships can result from interspecific growth inhibition. The opposing performances of facilitation (functional diversity) and inhibition (phylogenetic diversity) we observed at the 16 species level suggest that phylogenetic diversity is not always a good proxy for functional diversity and that results from experiments with low species numbers may underestimate negative species interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Steudel
- Albrecht-von-Haller Institute, Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Christine Hallmann
- Albrecht-von-Haller Institute, Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maike Lorenz
- Albrecht-von-Haller Institute, Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Abrahamczyk
- Nees Institute for Plant Biodiversity, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathleen Prinz
- Institute of Systematic Botany with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 16, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute, Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute, Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes W R Martini
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Kessler
- Institute for Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstr. 107, 8003, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Diversity, Productivity, and Stability of an Industrial Microbial Ecosystem. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:2494-2505. [PMID: 26896141 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03965-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Managing ecosystems to maintain biodiversity may be one approach to ensuring their dynamic stability, productivity, and delivery of vital services. The applicability of this approach to industrial ecosystems that harness the metabolic activities of microbes has been proposed but has never been tested at relevant scales. We used a tag-sequencing approach with bacterial small subunit rRNA (16S) genes and eukaryotic internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) to measuring the taxonomic composition and diversity of bacteria and eukaryotes in an open pond managed for bioenergy production by microalgae over a year. Periods of high eukaryotic diversity were associated with high and more-stable biomass productivity. In addition, bacterial diversity and eukaryotic diversity were inversely correlated over time, possibly due to their opposite responses to temperature. The results indicate that maintaining diverse communities may be essential to engineering stable and productive bioenergy ecosystems using microorganisms.
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17
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Duncan C, Thompson JR, Pettorelli N. The quest for a mechanistic understanding of biodiversity-ecosystem services relationships. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20151348. [PMID: 26468240 PMCID: PMC4633867 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecosystem services (ES) approaches to biodiversity conservation are currently high on the ecological research and policy agendas. However, despite a wealth of studies into biodiversity's role in maintaining ES (B-ES relationships) across landscapes, we still lack generalities in the nature and strengths of these linkages. Reasons for this are manifold, but can largely be attributed to (i) a lack of adherence to definitions and thus a confusion between final ES and the ecosystem functions (EFs) underpinning them, (ii) a focus on uninformative biodiversity indices and singular hypotheses and (iii) top-down analyses across large spatial scales and overlooking of context-dependency. The biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (B-EF) field provides an alternate context for examining biodiversity's mechanistic role in shaping ES, focusing on species' characteristics that may drive EFs via multiple mechanisms across contexts. Despite acknowledgements of a need for B-ES research to look towards underlying B-EF linkages, the connections between these areas of research remains weak. With this review, we pull together recent B-EF findings to identify key areas for future developments in B-ES research. We highlight a means by which B-ES research may begin to identify how and when multiple underlying B-EF relationships may scale to final ES delivery and trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Duncan
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Julian R Thompson
- Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nathalie Pettorelli
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
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18
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Alexandrou MA, Cardinale BJ, Hall JD, Delwiche CF, Fritschie K, Narwani A, Venail PA, Bentlage B, Pankey MS, Oakley TH. Evolutionary relatedness does not predict competition and co-occurrence in natural or experimental communities of green algae. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20141745. [PMID: 25473009 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The competition-relatedness hypothesis (CRH) predicts that the strength of competition is the strongest among closely related species and decreases as species become less related. This hypothesis is based on the assumption that common ancestry causes close relatives to share biological traits that lead to greater ecological similarity. Although intuitively appealing, the extent to which phylogeny can predict competition and co-occurrence among species has only recently been rigorously tested, with mixed results. When studies have failed to support the CRH, critics have pointed out at least three limitations: (i) the use of data poor phylogenies that provide inaccurate estimates of species relatedness, (ii) the use of inappropriate statistical models that fail to detect relationships between relatedness and species interactions amidst nonlinearities and heteroskedastic variances, and (iii) overly simplified laboratory conditions that fail to allow eco-evolutionary relationships to emerge. Here, we address these limitations and find they do not explain why evolutionary relatedness fails to predict the strength of species interactions or probabilities of coexistence among freshwater green algae. First, we construct a new data-rich, transcriptome-based phylogeny of common freshwater green algae that are commonly cultured and used for laboratory experiments. Using this new phylogeny, we re-analyse ecological data from three previously published laboratory experiments. After accounting for the possibility of nonlinearities and heterogeneity of variances across levels of relatedness, we find no relationship between phylogenetic distance and ecological traits. In addition, we show that communities of North American green algae are randomly composed with respect to their evolutionary relationships in 99% of 1077 lakes spanning the continental United States. Together, these analyses result in one of the most comprehensive case studies of how evolutionary history influences species interactions and community assembly in both natural and experimental systems. Our results challenge the generality of the CRH and suggest it may be time to re-evaluate the validity and assumptions of this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markos A Alexandrou
- Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Bradley J Cardinale
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John D Hall
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, 2102 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Charles F Delwiche
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, 2107 Bioscience Research Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Keith Fritschie
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Anita Narwani
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, ECO BU G11 Uberlandstrasse, 1338600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Patrick A Venail
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Section of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Institute F.-A. Forel, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bastian Bentlage
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, 2107 Bioscience Research Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - M Sabrina Pankey
- Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Todd H Oakley
- Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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19
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Martin LJ, Rainford SK, Blossey B. Effects of plant litter diversity, species, origin and traits on larval toad performance. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Martin
- Dept of Natural Resources; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | | | - Bernd Blossey
- Dept of Natural Resources; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
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