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Lambert KA, Clements CM, Mukherjee N, Pacheco TR, Shellman SX, Henen MA, Vögeli B, Goldstein NB, Birlea S, Hintzsche J, Caryotakis G, Tan AC, Zhao R, Norris DA, Robinson WA, Wang Y, VanTreeck JG, Shellman YG. SASH1 S519N Variant Links Skin Hyperpigmentation and Premature Hair Graying to Dysfunction of Melanocyte Lineage. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00393-2. [PMID: 38848986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
A better understanding of human melanocyte (MC) and MC stem cell biology is essential for treating MC-related diseases. This study employed an inherited pigmentation disorder carrying the SASH1S519N variant in a Hispanic family to investigate SASH1 function in the MC lineage and the underlying mechanism for this disorder. We used a multidisciplinary approach, including clinical examinations, human cell assays, yeast 2-hybrid screening, and biochemical techniques. Results linked early hair graying to the SASH1S519N variant, a previously unrecognized clinical phenotype in hyperpigmentation disorders. In vitro, we identified SASH1 as a regulator in MC stem cell maintenance and discovered that TNKS2 is crucial for SASH1's role. In addition, the S519N variant is located in one of multiple tankyrase-binding motifs and alters the binding kinetics and affinity of the interaction. In summary, this disorder links both gain and loss of pigmentation in the same individual, hinting to accelerated aging in human MC stem cells. The findings offer insights into the roles of SASH1 and TNKS2 in MC stem cell maintenance and the molecular mechanisms of pigmentation disorders. We propose that a comprehensive clinical evaluation of patients with MC-related disorders should include an assessment and history of hair pigmentation loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline A Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher M Clements
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nabanita Mukherjee
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Theresa R Pacheco
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Samantha X Shellman
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Morkos A Henen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Beat Vögeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nathaniel B Goldstein
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stanca Birlea
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Griffin Caryotakis
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Aik-Choon Tan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Norris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - William A Robinson
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jillian G VanTreeck
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yiqun G Shellman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Deecke L, Ohlei O, Homann J, Stagge J, Dobricic V, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Berger K, Demuth I, Hagelstein V, Bertram L, Lill CM. Variants in the TERT Gene Increase the Occurrence of Solar Lentigines by Modifying Telomerase Expression Exclusively in the Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1412-1415.e7. [PMID: 38029837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Deecke
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Olena Ohlei
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Homann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jessica Stagge
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Valerija Dobricic
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (including Division of Lipid Metabolism), Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (including Division of Lipid Metabolism), Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT - Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina M Lill
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
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Duval C, Bourreau E, Warrick E, Bastien P, Nouveau S, Bernerd F. A chronic pro-inflammatory environment contributes to the physiopathology of actinic lentigines. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5256. [PMID: 38438410 PMCID: PMC10912228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53990-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Actinic lentigines (AL) or age spots, are skin hyperpigmented lesions associated with age and chronic sun exposure. To better understand the physiopathology of AL, we have characterized the inflammation response in AL of European and Japanese volunteers. Gene expression profile showed that in both populations, 10% of the modulated genes in AL versus adjacent non lesional skin (NL), i.e. 31 genes, are associated with inflammation/immune process. A pro-inflammatory environment in AL is strongly suggested by the activation of the arachidonic acid cascade and the plasmin pathway leading to prostaglandin production, along with the decrease of anti-inflammatory cytokines and the identification of inflammatory upstream regulators. Furthermore, in line with the over-expression of genes associated with the recruitment and activation of immune cells, immunostaining on skin sections revealed a significant infiltration of CD68+ macrophages and CD4+ T-cells in the dermis of AL. Strikingly, investigation of infiltrated macrophage subsets evidenced a significant increase of pro-inflammatory CD80+/CD68+ M1 macrophages in AL compared to NL. In conclusion, a chronic inflammation, sustained by pro-inflammatory mediators and infiltration of immune cells, particularly pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, takes place in AL. This pro-inflammatory loop should be thus broken to normalize skin and improve the efficacy of age spot treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emilie Warrick
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay Sous Bois, France
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Hara Y, Shibata T. Characteristics of dermal vascularity in melasma and solar lentigo. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2024; 40:e12953. [PMID: 38353352 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND /PURPOSE Melasma and solar lentigo (SL) are major benign hyperpigmented lesions, and both have been shown to involve the dermal vasculature. This review discusses current knowledge regarding the clinical characteristics of dermal vascularity in melasma and SL, as well as the results of relevant molecular biological investigations. METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar were searched in December 2023 to identify articles related to melasma, SL, and the dermal vasculature in these lesions. RESULTS Vascular morphologies in melasma and SL have been detected by histological and non-invasive methods, including modalities such as optical coherence tomography. Biological studies have indicated that factors secreted from vascular endothelial cells, such as stem cell factor and endothelin-1, can promote melanogenesis. With respect to phototherapy, blood vessel-targeting laser treatments are expected to provide long-term suppression of pigmentation, but this regimen is only effective when dilated capillaries are visible. CONCLUSION In both melasma and SL, clinical and experimental investigations are revealing the contributions of dermal vascularity to hyperpigmentation. More effective treatment may require identification of hyperpigmentation subtypes. In the future, knowledge of treatment (including phototherapy) is expected to accumulate through reliable and validated non-invasive measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hara
- MIRAI Technology Institute, Shiseido Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takako Shibata
- MIRAI Technology Institute, Shiseido Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
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5
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Saki N, Modabber V, Kasraei H, Kasraee B. Successful treatment of solar lentigines by topical application of stabilized cysteamine: A vehicle-controlled, double-blind randomized study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1930. [PMID: 38410492 PMCID: PMC10895154 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Solar lentigines are common hyperpigmented lesions typically appearing after 50 years of age and associated with negative psychological effects in affected individuals. Topical depigmenting products, such as hydroquinone and even the Kligman's formula, are usually ineffective for treating lentigines. Stabilized cysteamine has been recently shown to be as effective as the modified Kligman's formula for treating melasma. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of a stabilized cysteamine on solar lentigines. Methods A vehicle-controlled, double-blind, and randomized study was performed on 30 patients with solar lentigines. Stabilized cysteamine or vehicle control creams were applied on solar lentigines on the dorsum of the hands daily for 12 weeks. Clinical measurements with colorimetry and visual analog scale were performed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Results Statistically significant results were obtained in the cysteamine group versus the vehicle control group. Stabilized cysteamine provided a 40% reduction in colorimetric values (p < 0.002) versus a 2% reduction in the vehicle group (p < 0.405). Cysteamine also provided a 40% reduction in VAS (p < 0.001) versus a 2% reduction in the vehicle group (p < 0.245). Conclusion Significant improvement of solar lentigines was observed after 12 weeks of application of stabilized cysteamine by all evaluation methods. Stabilized cysteamine represents a highly effective topical treatment for solar lentigines and can be considered as one of the first topical therapies effective on this hyperpigmentary disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Saki
- Molecular Dermatology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Vahideh Modabber
- Molecular Dermatology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Hengameh Kasraei
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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6
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Qiu W, Chen F, Feng X, Shang J, Luo X, Chen Y. Potential role of inflammaging mediated by the complement system in enlarged facial pores. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:27-32. [PMID: 37555304 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enlarged facial pores are a common cosmetic concern of the skin, rather than a disease, and have not received much attention from dermatologists in recent years. Consequently, progress in understanding their pathogenesis has been limited, and current cosmetic solutions have limitations. Given that the complement system has regained interest as a key player in chronic inflammatory skin conditions, various mechanisms involving this system are being investigated. OBJECTIVE We aimed to shed light on the mechanism underlying enlarged facial pores by examining the role of the complement system in skin. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature search utilizing various academic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Employing keywords such as "complement system," "inflammation," "facial pores," "enlarged," and "mechanisms," we compiled a selection of relevant studies. These studies provided a comprehensive understanding of the intricate mechanisms underlying the relationship between the "complement system" and "inflammation" within the context of facial pore enlargement. RESULTS Our findings suggest that inflammaging mediated by complement activation may be a critical player in the formation of enlarged facial pores. Specifically, overactivation of the complement system leading to the accumulation of complement fragments could be a major contributor to this process. Notably, the complement system in skin may be involved in a range of skin issues, including aging. CONCLUSION Modulating the complement system presents a promising avenue for future research in improving skin health. Further basic and clinical research is necessary to validate these findings, but we hope that this study can serve as a theoretical foundation for the development of targeted cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiu
- Beijing Underproved Medical Technology Co., LTD., Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Beijing Underproved Medical Technology Co., LTD., Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Feng
- Beijing Underproved Medical Technology Co., LTD., Beijing, China
| | - Jianli Shang
- Beijing Underproved Medical Technology Co., LTD., Beijing, China
| | - Xingyi Luo
- Beijing Underproved Medical Technology Co., LTD., Beijing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Beijing Underproved Medical Technology Co., LTD., Beijing, China
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7
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Drexler K, Zenderowski V, Schreieder L, Koschitzki K, Karrer S, Berneburg M, Haferkamp S, Niebel D. Subtypes of Melanomas Associated with Different Degrees of Actinic Elastosis in Conventional Histology, Irrespective of Age and Body Site, Suggesting Chronic Ultraviolet Light Exposure as Driver for Lentigo Maligna Melanoma and Nodular Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:1. [PMID: 38201430 PMCID: PMC10778567 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation and sunburns are associated with an increased incidence of acquired nevi and melanomas. However, the data are controversial as to whether chronic UV exposure or high intermittent UV exposure is the major carcinogenic factor in melanocytic tumors. In this study, we compared the degree of actinic elastosis (AE) as a surrogate for lifetime UV exposure in nevi and different clinical melanoma subtypes (i.e., superficial spreading melanoma (SSM), nodular malignant melanoma (NMM), acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM)) with respect to clinical variables (age, sex, and body site). (2) Methods: We defined a semi-quantitative score for the degree of AE ranging from 0 = none to 3 = total loss of elastic fibers (basophilic degeneration) and multiplied it by the perilesional vertical extent (depth), measured histometrically (tumor-associated elastosis grade (TEG)). We matched the TEG of n = 595 melanocytic lesions from 559 patients with their clinical variables. (3) Results: The TEG was correlated with age and UV-exposed body sites. Furthermore, the TEG was significantly higher in LMM than in all other types of melanomas and the TEG in NMM was higher than in SSM, irrespective of patient age and tumor site. (4) Conclusions: High cumulative UV exposure is more strongly associated with LMM and NMM than with other melanoma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Drexler
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (L.S.); (K.K.); (S.K.); (M.B.); (S.H.); (D.N.)
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8
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Morita A, Seité S, Le Dantec G, Kerob D. Development of actinic lentigines due to multiple sub-erythemal exposure to UVA1 radiation in Asian skin. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:2034-2037. [PMID: 37715544 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The appearance of actinic lentigines mainly found on face, back of the hands, upper back and décolleté is associated with chronic sun exposure. However, there is no study looking at the role of long UVA specifically in the development of actinic lentigines. This study was conducted in 20 Japanese adult women exposed on the upper back area three times per week for 6 weeks to incremental sub-erythemal UVA1 doses (5 J/cm2 at weeks 1 and 2, 10 J/cm2 at weeks 3 and 4 and 15 J/cm2 at weeks 5 and 6). Clinical assessment, performed on day 0 (before any exposure), and on days 14, 28 and 42, included the evaluation of skin pigmentation (pigmented spots), chromametry of the pigmented skin lesions and measurement of dyschromy. The number of pigmented spots and uniformity of the skin's pigmentation were clearly increased in comparison with baseline, statistical significance of the difference (p < 0.05) being reached at D 28 and D 42 in both cases. In conclusion, repeated sub-erythemal UVA1 exposure induces the development of actinic lentigines. Thus, a suitable protection including long UVA coverage is also needed to prevent from the damages induced by low, sub-erythemal doses of UV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimichi Morita
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sophie Seité
- La Roche-Posay Laboratoire Dermatologique, Levallois-Perret, France
| | | | - Delphine Kerob
- La Roche-Posay Laboratoire Dermatologique, Levallois-Perret, France
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9
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Lambert KA, Clements CM, Mukherjee N, Pacheco TR, Shellman SX, Henen MA, Vögeli B, Goldstein NB, Birlea S, Hintzsche J, Tan AC, Zhao R, Norris DA, Robinson WA, Wang Y, VanTreeck JG, Shellman YG. SASH1 interacts with TNKS2 and promotes human melanocyte stem cell maintenance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.26.559624. [PMID: 37808724 PMCID: PMC10557680 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.26.559624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Both aging spots (hyperpigmentation) and hair graying (lack of pigmentation) are associated with aging, two seemingly opposite pigmentation phenotypes. It is not clear how they are mechanistically connected. This study investigated the underlying mechanism in a family with an inherited pigmentation disorder. Clinical examinations identified accelerated hair graying and skin dyspigmentation (intermixed hyper and hypopigmentation) in the family members carrying the SASH1 S519N variant. Cell assays indicated that SASH1 promoted stem-like characteristics in human melanocytes, and SASH1 S519N was defective in this function. Multiple assays showed that SASH1 binds to tankyrase 2 (TNKS2), which is required for SASH1's promotion of stem-like function. Further, the SASH1 S519N variant is in a bona fide Tankyrase-binding motif, and SASH1 S519N alters the binding kinetics and affinity. Results here indicate SASH1 as a novel protein regulating the appropriate balance between melanocyte stem cells (McSC) and mature melanocytes (MCs), with S519N variant causing defects. We propose that dysfunction of McSC maintenance connects multiple aging-associated pigmentation phenotypes in the general population.
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10
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Degree of Actinic Elastosis Is a Surrogate of Exposure to Chronic Ultraviolet Radiation and Correlates More Strongly with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma than Basal Cell Carcinoma. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030811. [PMID: 36983966 PMCID: PMC10055681 DOI: 10.3390/life13030811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Keratinocyte cancer (KC) is associated with exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, data are controversial as to whether chronic UV exposure or high intermittent UV exposure are key drivers of carcinogenesis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Prolonged sun exposure of the skin causes photo-aging, which is associated with actinic elastosis, a condition characterized by the degeneration of elastin in the upper dermis, which is assessable via conventional histology. In this study, we aimed to compare the degree of actinic elastosis in different types of KC with regard to various patient characteristics. (2) Methods: We defined a semiquantitative score for the degree of actinic elastosis ranging from 0 = none to 3 = total loss of elastic fibers (basophilic degeneration). The extent was measured histometrically by two independent dermatohistopathologists in the immediate vicinity of 353 KC. The scores were merged and matched with tumor types (cSCC and BCC with subtypes), and clinical variables such as body site, sex and age. (3) Results: As expected, the degree of actinic elastosis correlated with age. However, it was significantly higher in cSCC compared to BCC irrespective of age, sex, body site and tumor subtypes. (4): Conclusions: Lifetime sun exposure may be estimated via routine histology using this scoring technique for actinic elastosis as a surrogate marker. cSCCs are more strongly associated with chronic UV exposure than BCCs, even in sun-exposed localizations such as the face.
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11
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Kikuchi K, Yamashita T, Shibata T. Influence of environmental factors on facial pigmented spots: Epidemiological survey of women living in the northern and southern regions of Japan. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2023. [PMID: 36734674 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several epidemiological studies have been conducted to understand the relationship between environmental factors (including chronic sun exposure) and clinical signs of pigmented spots. However, no quantitative analysis has focused on the adverse effects of the detailed features of pigmented spots, including their color intensity, size, and number on the cheek. This study was performed to elucidate the adverse effects of environmental factors on clinical signs of pigmented spots. METHODS We conducted an epidemiological survey of 102 Japanese women in 2 regions of high and low sun exposure (southern and northern regions, respectively). Using image analysis of high-resolution digital facial photographs, individual pigmented spots were quantified according to color, size, and total number on the cheek. Each indicator was then compared between the groups. RESULTS For the number of pigmented spots on the cheek, the age-related increase curve showed a large slope in the southern group. For the size of pigmented spots, no significant difference was found between the two groups, and large pigmented spots were observed on the cheek even in the northern group. For the color intensity of the spots, the southern group showed a marked age-related change; among older subjects, the pigmented spots were significantly darker in the southern than northern group. CONCLUSION Our results may indicate that environmental factors, including chronic exposure to sunlight, mainly increase the number of pigmented spots and darkening of these spots. However, the occurrence of large pigmented spots may be related to intrinsic factors represented by heredity rather than environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Kikuchi
- Shiseido Co., Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Takako Shibata
- Shiseido Co., Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute, Yokohama, Japan
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12
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Kikuchi K, Katsuyama M, Yoshikawa T, Wakeshima N, Iizuka H. Epidemiological survey of the quantity and anatomical position of facial pigmented spots in relation to age in 454 Japanese women. J Dermatol 2022; 49:1245-1254. [PMID: 36052830 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Facial pigmented spots are one of the phenotypes of skin aging, but no quantitative analysis of spot features such as color intensity, size, anatomical position, and number on the cheek has yet been performed. In the current study, we conducted an epidemiological survey of 454 Japanese women in their 20s to 70s and analyzed age-related changes and site differences of facial pigmented spots. Using image analysis of high-resolution digital facial photographs, 4912 individual pigmented spots were quantified according to color, size, anatomical position, and total number on the cheek. As a result of color analysis, the color intensity of individual pigmented spots increased with aging, significantly so between ages 30s and 50s. The age-related increase in melanin index of facial spots was confirmed in all sites but did not significantly differ between facial subregions. Regarding the size of pigmented spots, the frequency of large spots increased with age, and large spots were detected in all facial sites. The total number of pigmented spots on the entire cheek increased with aging, significantly so between the 20s and 40s. The number of pigmented spots tended to increase from the region near the canthi to the lower cheeks. The number of spots was markedly increased in the buccal regions compared with the infraorbital and zygomatic regions. The data and methodology presented in the current study can link the state of facial pigmentation with the various factors involved in the histological development of pigmented spots, opening new possibilities in the fields of skin pharmacology and dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Kikuchi
- Shiseido Co., Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hajime Iizuka
- Research Institute of Psoriasis, Kojinkai Association of Medical Corporation, Sapporo, Japan
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13
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Bernerd F, Passeron T, Castiel I, Marionnet C. The Damaging Effects of Long UVA (UVA1) Rays: A Major Challenge to Preserve Skin Health and Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158243. [PMID: 35897826 PMCID: PMC9368482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Within solar ultraviolet (UV) light, the longest UVA1 wavelengths, with significant and relatively constant levels all year round and large penetration properties, produce effects in all cutaneous layers. Their effects, mediated by numerous endogenous chromophores, primarily involve the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The resulting oxidative stress is the major mode of action of UVA1, responsible for lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, DNA lesions and subsequent intracellular signaling cascades. These molecular changes lead to mutations, apoptosis, dermis remodeling, inflammatory reactions and abnormal immune responses. The altered biological functions contribute to clinical consequences such as hyperpigmentation, inflammation, photoimmunosuppression, sun allergies, photoaging and photocancers. Such harmful impacts have also been reported after the use of UVA1 phototherapy or tanning beds. Furthermore, other external aggressors, such as pollutants and visible light (Vis), were shown to induce independent, cumulative and synergistic effects with UVA1 rays. In this review, we synthetize the biological and clinical effects of UVA1 and the complementary effects of UVA1 with pollutants or Vis. The identified deleterious biological impact of UVA1 contributing to clinical consequences, combined with the predominance of UVA1 rays in solar UV radiation, constitute a solid rational for the need for a broad photoprotection, including UVA1 up to 400 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Bernerd
- L’Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600 Aulnay sous Bois, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)1-48-68-95-95
| | - Thierry Passeron
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Nice, University Côte d’Azur, 151, Route de Ginestière, 06200 Nice, France;
- Research Center C3M, INSERM Unit 1065, University Côte d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Isabelle Castiel
- L’Oréal Research and Innovation, 3 Rue Dora Maar, 93400 Saint-Ouen, France;
| | - Claire Marionnet
- L’Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600 Aulnay sous Bois, France;
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Du Y, Doraiswamy C, Mao J, Zhang Q, Liang Y, Du Z, Vasantharaghavan R, Joshi MK. Facial skin characteristics and concerns in Indonesia: A cross-sectional observational study. Skin Res Technol 2022; 28:719-728. [PMID: 35785442 PMCID: PMC9907585 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial skin characteristics and appearance vary according to ethnicity. While much of this knowledge is derived from the Caucasian population, lately there have been efforts to gain such understanding in various regions in Asia. In this paper, we have built an understanding of such features in Indonesia. In Indonesia, a section of females wears a traditional veil (hijab) to cover the scalp and part of face. The influence of the hijab on facial skin attributes was also investigated. METHODS In a cross-sectional observational study design involving 419 female volunteers in Jakarta, Indonesia, facial skin attributes (colour, radiance, hydration, trans-epidermal water loss [TEWL], wrinkles, fine lines, pores, and sebum levels) and conditions (melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), solar lentigines/ senile lentigines, seborrheic keratoses and acne) were assessed by trained operators and dermatologists using standard validated instruments and scales. RESULTS With age, facial skin colour showed darkening in cheek; forehead on the other hand showed slight lightening. The skin evenness and radiance decreased, substantially. Aging attributes measured in terms of lines, wrinkles, and under-eye dark circles showed deterioration with age; the decline was progressively faster than colour change. Facial image data analysis corroborated these findings. Skin hydration remained similar across the age groups even though the skin barrier function measured in terms of TEWL improved with age. Sebum levels in the skin were similar up to the age of 50 but declined in the next group of 50-60 year. Pore severity increased with age. Melasma, seborrheic keratosis and PIH showed a high prevalence (>∼50%) at the young age group (20-30 years), itself. Melasma prevalence attained 100% in the age group of 41-50 year and onwards, and its severity similarly showed a steady rise with age. PIH on the other hand showed a steady decline with age. Solar lentigines prevalence (∼30%) did not change much across age groups, and the severity scores were similar in age groups up to 50 year but increased substantially in 51-60-year age groups. Seborrheic keratosis was similar (∼47%) in age groups up 20-40 year but steadily increased in upper age groups. Its severity was similar in the age groups of 20-30 year and 31-40 year but showed a two-fold increase in subsequent age groups. Acne was 10% in the age group of 20-30 year and declined gradually to 0.7% in the 51-60-year age group. Hijab wearers showed slight protection in skin colour darkening and improvement of evenness and radiance but were similar on aging (fine lines and wrinkles on crow's feet, under eye and peri-oral areas) markers to non-wearers. In general, in majority of age-groups, hijab wearers showed a higher prevalence of melasma, solar/senile lentigines, seborrheic keratosis and PIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Du
- Unilever R&D Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jie Mao
- Unilever R&D Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yan Liang
- Unilever R&D Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Du
- Unilever R&D Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Warrick E, Duval C, Nouveau S, Piffaut V, Bourreau E, Bastien P, de Lacharrière O, Morita A, Bernerd F. Actinic lentigines from Japanese and European volunteers share similar impaired biological functions. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 107:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Papaccio F, D′Arino A, Caputo S, Bellei B. Focus on the Contribution of Oxidative Stress in Skin Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1121. [PMID: 35740018 PMCID: PMC9220264 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is one of the most evident signs of human aging. Modification of the skin during the life span is characterized by fine lines and wrinkling, loss of elasticity and volume, laxity, rough-textured appearance, and pallor. In contrast, photoaged skin is associated with uneven pigmentation (age spot) and is markedly wrinkled. At the cellular and molecular level, it consists of multiple interconnected processes based on biochemical reactions, genetic programs, and occurrence of external stimulation. The principal cellular perturbation in the skin driving senescence is the alteration of oxidative balance. In chronological aging, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced mainly through cellular oxidative metabolism during adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation from glucose and mitochondrial dysfunction, whereas in extrinsic aging, loss of redox equilibrium is caused by environmental factors, such as ultraviolet radiation, pollution, cigarette smoking, and inadequate nutrition. During the aging process, oxidative stress is attributed to both augmented ROS production and reduced levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic protectors. Apart from the evident appearance of structural change, throughout aging, the skin gradually loses its natural functional characteristics and regenerative potential. With aging, the skin immune system also undergoes functional senescence manifested as a reduced ability to counteract infections and augmented frequency of autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. This review proposes an update on the role of oxidative stress in the appearance of the clinical manifestation of skin aging, as well as of the molecular mechanisms that underline this natural phenomenon sometimes accelerated by external factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (S.C.)
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Sim J, Lanka S, Jo JW, Chaudhary CL, Vishwanath M, Jung CH, Lee YH, Kim EY, Kim YS, Hyun SS, Lee HS, Lee K, Seo SY, Viji M, Jung JK. Inhibitory Effect of Chlorogenic Acid Analogues Comprising Pyridine and Pyrimidine on α-MSH-Stimulated Melanogenesis and Stability of Acyl Analogues in Methanol. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1176. [PMID: 34832958 PMCID: PMC8622415 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In continuation of studies for α-MSH stimulated melanogenesis inhibitors, we have evaluated the design, synthesis, and activity of a new series of chlorogenic acid (CGA) analogues comprising pyridine, pyrimidine, and diacyl derivatives. Among nineteen synthesized compounds, most of them (fifteen) exhibited better inhibitions of melanin formation in B16 melanoma cells. The results illustrated that a pyridine analogue 6f and a diacyl derivative 13a of CGA showed superior inhibition profiles (IC50: 2.5 ± 0.7 μM and 1.1 ± 0.1 μM, respectively) of α-MSH activities than positive controls, kojic acid and arbutin (IC50: 54 ± 1.5 μM and 380 ± 9.5 μM, respectively). The SAR studies showed that both -CF3 and -Cl groups exhibited better inhibition at the meta position on benzylamine than their ortho and para positions. In addition, the stability of diacyl analogues of CGA in methanol monitored by HPLC for 28 days indicated the steric bulkiness of acyl substituents as a key factor in their stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeuk Sim
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Srinu Lanka
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Jeong-Woong Jo
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Chhabi Lal Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Manjunatha Vishwanath
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Chan-Hyun Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Young-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
- Samjin Central Research Institute, Samjin Pharma Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28158, Korea
| | - Eun-Yeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea; (E.-Y.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Young-Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Soon-Sil Hyun
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Hee-Soon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Kiho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea; (E.-Y.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Seung-Yong Seo
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea;
| | - Mayavan Viji
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Jae-Kyung Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
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Wong QYA, Chew FT. Defining skin aging and its risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22075. [PMID: 34764376 PMCID: PMC8586245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin aging has been defined to encompass both intrinsic and extrinsic aging, with extrinsic aging effected by environmental influences and overlaying the effects of chronological aging. The risk factors of skin aging have been studied previously, using methods of quantifying skin aging. However, these studies have yet to be reviewed. To better understand skin aging risk factors and collate the available data, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis. We conducted our systematic review in compliance with Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Embase, PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched in October 2020 using specific search strategies. Where odds ratios were reported, meta-analyses were conducted using the random effects model. Otherwise, significant factors were reported in this review. We identified seven notable risk factors for various skin aging phenotypes: age, gender, ethnicity, air pollution, nutrition, smoking, sun exposure. This review's results will guide future works, such as those aiming to examine the interaction between genetic and environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yi Ambrose Wong
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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19
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Blue Laser (450 nm) Treatment of Solar Lentigines. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214919. [PMID: 34768439 PMCID: PMC8584462 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested a blue light source for the treatment of solar lentigines. A total of 14 patients with solar lentigines were treated with radiation from a novel, high-power 450 nm blue laser that was created for this project. The group contained eight patients with solar lentigines on the face, two patients with the lesions on the dorsal of the hands, and four patients with the lesions on the trunk and forearms. The best results (complete recovery) have been achieved for the lesions on the face and dorsal of the hands. The treatment of lesions on the trunk and forearms was not fully satisfying due to the occurrence of slight scarring. This study shows that, in some cases, the use of a blue laser may be an alternative to the use of longer wavelength sources.
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20
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Wu PJ, Chen ST, Liao YH, Sun CK. In vivo harmonic generation microscopy for monitoring the height of basal keratinocytes in solar lentigines after laser depigmentation treatment. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:6129-6142. [PMID: 34745726 PMCID: PMC8548006 DOI: 10.1364/boe.434789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of solar lentigines (SLs) is related to chronic ultraviolet exposure-induced cell senescence. We have previously demonstrated that basal keratinocyte enlargement is a morphological hallmark of skin senescence correlated to the process of skin aging, while clinical studies on the long-term monitoring of the cellular morphological changes in SLs after laser treatment are lacking. In this study, we have developed the harmonic generation microscopy (HGM) for in vivo monitoring the height of basal keratinocytes (HBK) and had administered Q-switched ruby laser or picosecond 532-nm Nd:YAG laser treatment on each side of the face of 25 Asian patients with facial SLs, respectively. In vivo HGM imaging was conducted to longitudinally analyze HBK and the horizontal cell size (HCS). Before treatment, the HBK was significantly higher in the SLs lesional area than that in the adjacent normal region, whereas there was no significant difference in the HCS. After treatment, the lesional HBK remained significantly higher than normal skin regardless of the laser treatment used. Our study indicates that the basal keratinocytes remain abnormal after laser treatment and demonstrates the capability of in vivo HGM for longitudinal, quantitative monitoring of cell senescence and therapeutic effect in SLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jhe Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Tse Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Liao
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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21
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Grether-Beck S, Marini A, Jaenicke T, Brenden H, Felsner I, Aue N, Brynjolfsdottir A, Krutmann J. Blue Lagoon Algae improve uneven skin pigmentation: Results from in vitro studies and from a monocenter, randomized, double blind, vehicle controlled, split-face study. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 35:77-86. [PMID: 34348349 DOI: 10.1159/000518781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Grether-Beck
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alessandra Marini
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Jaenicke
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heidi Brenden
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingo Felsner
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Natalie Aue
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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22
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Sadoghi B, Schmid-Zalaudek K, Zalaudek I, Fink-Puches R, Niederkorn A, Wolf I, Rohrer P, Richtig E. Prevalence of nevi, atypical nevi, and lentigines in relation to tobacco smoking. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254772. [PMID: 34283871 PMCID: PMC8291632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanocytic nevi have a complex evolution influenced by several endogenous and exogenous factors and are known risk factors for malignant melanoma. Interestingly, tobacco use seems to be inversely associated with melanoma risk. However, the association between tobacco use and nevi and lentigines has not yet been evaluated. METHODS We investigated the prevalence of nevi, atypical nevi, and lentigines in relation to tobacco smoking in a cohort of 59 smokers and 60 age- and sex-matched nonsmokers, using a questionnaire and performing a total body skin examination by experts. RESULTS No significant differences were detected between smokers and nonsmokers in the numbers of nevi, atypical nevi, and lentigines in sun-exposed areas (p = 0.966, 0.326, and 0.241, respectively) and in non-sun-exposed areas (p = 0.095, 0.351, and 0.546, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results revealed no significant differences in the prevalence of nevi, atypical nevi, and lentigines between smokers and nonsmokers in sun-exposed and non-sun-exposed areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Sadoghi
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Schmid-Zalaudek
- Division of Physiology, Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Iris Zalaudek
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Regina Fink-Puches
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Niederkorn
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ingrid Wolf
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Rohrer
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Erika Richtig
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Nautiyal A, Wairkar S. Management of hyperpigmentation: Current treatments and emerging therapies. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:1000-1014. [PMID: 33998768 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation of the skin refers to a dermatological condition which alters the color of the skin, making it discolored or darkened. The treatments for hyperpigmentation disorders often take very long to show results and have poor patient compliance. The first-line treatment for hyperpigmentation involves topical formulations of conventional agents such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, and glycolic acid followed by oral formulations of therapeutic agents such as tranexamic acid, melatonin, and cysteamine hydrochloride. The second-line approaches include chemical peels and laser therapy given under the observation of expert professionals. However, these therapies pose certain limitations and adverse effects such as erythema, skin peeling, and drying and require long treatment duration to show visible effects. These shortcomings of the conventional treatments provided scope for further research on newer alternatives for managing hyperpigmentation. Some of these therapies include novel formulations such as solid lipid nanocarriers, liposomes, phytochemicals, platelet-rich plasma, microneedling. This review focuses on elaborating on several hyperpigmentation disorders and their mechanisms, the current, novel and emerging treatment options for management of hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avni Nautiyal
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Sarika Wairkar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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A Review of Hand Feminization and Masculinization Techniques in Gender Affirming Therapy. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:589-601. [PMID: 32997239 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-01963-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anatomical characteristics that are incongruent with an individual's gender identity can cause significant gender dysphoria. Hands exhibit prominent dimorphic sexual features, but despite their visibility, there are limited studies examining gender affirming procedures for the hands. This review is intended to cover the anatomical features that define masculine and feminine hands, the surgical and non-surgical approaches for feminization and masculinization of the hand, and to adapt established aesthetic hand techniques for gender affirming care. METHODS The authors performed a comprehensive database search of PubMed, Embase OVID and SCOPUS to identify articles on the characterization of masculine or feminine hands, hand treatments related to gender affirmation, and articles related to techniques for hand masculinization and feminization in the non-transgender population. RESULTS From 656 possibly relevant articles, 42 met the inclusion criteria for the current literature search. There is currently no medical literature specifically exploring the surgical or non-surgical options for hand gender affirmation. The available techniques for gender affirming procedures discussed in this paper are appropriated from those more commonly used for hand rejuvenation. CONCLUSION There is a dearth of literature addressing the options for transgender individuals seeking gender affirming procedures of the hand. Though established procedures used for hand rejuvenation may be utilized in gender affirming care, further study is required to determine relative salience of various hand features to gender dysphoria in transgender patients of various identities, as well as development of novel techniques to meet these needs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. .
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Villavicencio KM, Ahmed N, Harris ML, Singh KK. Mitochondrial DNA-depleter mouse as a model to study human pigmentary skin disorders. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:179-187. [PMID: 33448673 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pigmentation abnormalities are reported in the spectrum of phenotypes associated with aging and in patients with mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDS). Yet, a relevant animal model that mimics these effects and would allow us to evaluate the detrimental aspects of mtDNA depletion on melanocyte function has not been described. Here, we characterize the pigmentary changes observed in the ears of a mtDNA-depleter mouse, which phenotypically includes accentuation of the peri-adnexal pseudonetwork, patchy hyper- and hypopigmentation, and reticular pigmentation. Histologically, these mice show increased epidermal pigmentation with patchy distribution, along with increased and highly dendritic melanocytes. These mtDNA-depleter mice mimic aspects of the cutaneous, pigmentary changes observed in humans with age-related senile lentigines as well as MDS. We suggest that this mouse model can serve as a novel resource for future interrogations of how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to pigmentary skin disorders. The mtDNA-depleter mouse model also serves as a useful tool to identify novel agents capable of treating pigmentary changes associated with age-related mitochondrial dysfunction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noha Ahmed
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Melissa L Harris
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The evidence on the role of air pollution on skin aging has increased in recent years. The accumulating evidence is based on both, epidemiological and mechanistic studies. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the recent evidence on the impacts of air pollution on skin aging as well as identify knowledge gaps for future research. RECENT FINDINGS Traffic-related air pollution exposure (particulate matter (PM), soot and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)) has been associated with premature skin aging in several independent cohorts. In real life, human skin is additionally exposed to UV radiation, which is known for its effects on premature skin aging. More recent epidemiological findings suggest that (1) associations of PM can be altered by UV radiation with stronger PM associations at lower levels of UV, and (2) there is an association of tropospheric ozone with wrinkle formation, independent of NO2, PM, and UV. The association between traffic-related air pollution and skin aging has been well-established. More recent epidemiological studies focused on the associations with ozone as well as interactions with of ambient air pollution with UV radiation, a research area that is becoming more important with the increase of global warming.
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Catanzaro E, Bishayee A, Fimognari C. On a Beam of Light: Photoprotective Activities of the Marine Carotenoids Astaxanthin and Fucoxanthin in Suppression of Inflammation and Cancer. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E544. [PMID: 33143013 PMCID: PMC7692561 DOI: 10.3390/md18110544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Every day, we come into contact with ultraviolet radiation (UVR). If under medical supervision, small amounts of UVR could be beneficial, the detrimental and hazardous effects of UVR exposure dictate an unbalance towards the risks on the risk-benefit ratio. Acute and chronic effects of ultraviolet-A and ultraviolet-B involve mainly the skin, the immune system, and the eyes. Photodamage is an umbrella term that includes general phototoxicity, photoaging, and cancer caused by UVR. All these phenomena are mediated by direct or indirect oxidative stress and inflammation and are strictly connected one to the other. Astaxanthin (ASX) and fucoxanthin (FX) are peculiar marine carotenoids characterized by outstanding antioxidant properties. In particular, ASX showed exceptional efficacy in counteracting all categories of photodamages, in vitro and in vivo, thanks to both antioxidant potential and activation of alternative pathways. Less evidence has been produced about FX, but it still represents an interesting promise to prevent the detrimental effect of UVR. Altogether, these results highlight the importance of digging into the marine ecosystem to look for new compounds that could be beneficial for human health and confirm that the marine environment is as much as full of active compounds as the terrestrial one, it just needs to be more explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Catanzaro
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
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Kerns ML, Miller RJ, Mazhar M, Byrd AS, Archer NK, Pinkser BL, Lew L, Dillen CA, Wang R, Miller LS, Chien AL, Kang S. Pathogenic and therapeutic role for NRF2 signaling in ultraviolet light-induced skin pigmentation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:139342. [PMID: 33001866 PMCID: PMC7605539 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mottled skin pigmentation and solar lentigines from chronic photodamage with aging involve complex interactions between keratinocytes and melanocytes. However, the precise signaling mechanisms that could serve as therapeutic targets are unclear. Herein, we report that expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which regulates reduction-oxidation reactions, is altered in solar lentigines and photodamaged skin. Moreover, mottled skin pigmentation in humans could be treated with topical application of the NRF2 inducer sulforaphane (SF). Similarly, UV light-induced pigmentation of WT mouse ear skin could be treated or prevented with SF treatment. Conversely, SF treatment was unable to reduce UV-induced ear skin pigmentation in mice deficient in NRF2 or in mice with keratinocyte-specific conditional deletion of IL-6Rα. Taken together, NRF2 and IL-6Rα signaling are involved in the pathogenesis of UV-induced skin pigmentation, and specific enhancement of NRF2 signaling could represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Moreira P, Assaf AV, Cortellazzi KL, Takahama Junior A, Azevedo RS. Social and behavioural associated factors of actinic cheilitis in rural workers. Oral Dis 2020; 27:911-918. [PMID: 32790925 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and factors potentially associated with the development of actinic cheilitis (AC) in Brazilian rural workers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A professional performed all physical examinations and evaluations using semi-structured questionnaires in 240 rural workers. RESULTS Eighty-three participants were diagnosed with AC (34.6%). It was more prevalent among workers older than 45 years (3.29-10.96 95% IC; OR = 3.30; p = .0018), Caucasians (phototypes I and II) (4.78-16.12 95% IC; OR = 10.81; p < .0001), illiterate individuals (2.16-21.59 95% IC; OR = 10.43; p = .0037), those with 6 or fewer years of formal schooling (2.03-7.89 95% IC; OR = 4.63; p = .0013), those regularly using pesticides (1.58-6.64 95% IC; OR = 2.79; p = .0260) and those who used the private health service in their last appointment (1.17-3.54 95% IC; OR = 2.72; p = .0083). CONCLUSION There was a substantial prevalence of AC among rural workers with advanced age, white skin, and illiteracy, those with lower levels of education, those who regularly use pesticides, and those who utilised private health services in their last appointment. Thus, healthcare strategies that include rural workers are required for the control and prevention of AC in both public and private health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Moreira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Videira Assaf
- Department of Specific Formation, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
| | | | - Ademar Takahama Junior
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pediatric Dentistry, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Souza Azevedo
- Department of Specific Formation, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
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Abstract
Oral pigmented lesions have a wide range of clinical presentations, some of which correlate with cutaneous pigmented lesions. This article highlights these correlates and underscores important differences that can potentially have clinical impact. Moreover, given a nonspecific presentation of an oral pigmented lesion, the article provides a reference to aid clinicians with differential diagnoses based on clinical features. This article is an overview of pigmented lesions of the oral cavity, including localized reactive pigmented lesions, neoplastic pigmented lesions, and pigmented lesions as sequelae of a systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Ko
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Neeraj Panchal
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Jung JM, Yang H, Lee WJ, Won CH, Lee MW, Choi JH, Chang SE. Inflammatory features and rete ridge patterns of facial solar lentigo may guide laser treatment. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13464. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Min Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Heejoo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Woo Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Chong Hyun Won
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Mi Woo Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Jee Ho Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Sung Eun Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
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Abd El-Naby N, Mostafa Ali M, Hawwam SA, Sarhan N. The clinical and electron microscopic evaluation of the impact of pulsed dye laser techniques on solar lentigines (randomized clinical trial). J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 33:361-368. [PMID: 32281430 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1755415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Solar lentigines are skin lesions manifested by benign dark pigmentation causing a cosmetic problem in many patients. Several treatment modalities used for the management of solar lentigines. Side effects and rates of recurrence may be associated with them.Objective: Treating solar lentigines with two different techniques of pulsed dye laser (PDL) and evaluation of the results both clinically and via the examination of ultrastructural changes by electron microscopy.Patients and methods: This study was conducted on 22 subjects with solar lentigines and having Fitzpatrick III-IV skin types, was managed by the use of PDL after enrolling them into two groups. Group I (one stacked PDL was used) and Group II (treated by stacked PDL in two sessions, 1 month apart). At baseline and 6 months after treatment, two punch biopsies with a diameter of 2 mm were taken from all patients. All taken biopsies were prepared for light and electron microscopic examinations.Results: Both PDL techniques induced significant better clinical and histological outcomes. No one demonstrated any postoperative complications such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and scarring.Conclusions: The two techniques of PDL are efficient for solar lentigines treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeim Abd El-Naby
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mai Mostafa Ali
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Soha Abdalla Hawwam
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Sarhan
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Markiewicz E, Idowu OC. Melanogenic Difference Consideration in Ethnic Skin Type: A Balance Approach Between Skin Brightening Applications and Beneficial Sun Exposure. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2020; 13:215-232. [PMID: 32210602 PMCID: PMC7069578 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s245043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human skin demonstrates a striking variation in tone and color that is evident among multiple demographic populations. Such characteristics are determined predominantly by the expression of the genes controlling the quantity and quality of melanin, which can alter significantly due to the presence of small nucleotide polymorphism affecting various steps of the melanogenesis process and generally linked to the lighter skin phenotypes. Genetically determined, constitutive skin color is additionally complemented by the facultative melanogenesis and tanning responses; with high levels of melanin and melanogenic factors broadly recognized to have a protective effect against the UVR-induced molecular damage in darker skin. Long-term sun exposure, together with a genetic makeup responsible for the ability to tan or the activity of constitutive melanogenic factors, triggers defects in pigmentation across all ethnic skin types. However, sun exposure also has well documented beneficial effects that manifest at both skin homeostasis and the systemic level, such as synthesis of vitamin D, which is thought to be less efficient in the presence of high levels of melanin or potentially linked to the polymorphism in the genes responsible for skin darkening triggered by UVR. In this review, we discuss melanogenesis in a context of constitutive pigmentation, defined by gene polymorphism in ethnic skin types, and facultative pigmentation that is not only associated with the capacity to protect the skin against photo-damage but could also have an impact on vitamin D synthesis through gene polymorphism. Modulating the activities of melanogenic genes, with the focus on the markers specifically altered by polymorphism combined with differential requirements of sun exposure in ethnic skin types, could enhance the applications of already existing skin brightening factors and provide a novel approach toward improved skin tone and health in personalized skincare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Markiewicz
- Hexis Lab Limited, The Core, Newcastle Helix, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5TF, UK
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Bellei B, Picardo M. Premature cell senescence in human skin: Dual face in chronic acquired pigmentary disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 57:100981. [PMID: 31733332 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although senescence was originally described as an in vitro acquired cellular characteristic, it was recently recognized that senescence is physiologically and pathologically involved in aging and age-related diseases in vivo. The definition of cellular senescence has expanded to include the growth arrest caused by various cellular stresses, including DNA damage, inadequate mitochondria function, activated oncogene or tumor suppressor genes and oxidative stress. While senescence in normal aging involves various tissues over time and contributes to a decline in tissue function even with healthy aging, disease-induced premature senescence may be restricted to one or a few organs triggering a prolonged and more intense rate of accumulation of senescent cells than in normal aging. Organ-specific high senescence rate could lead to chronic diseases, especially in post-mitotic rich tissue. Recently, two opposite acquired pathological conditions related to skin pigmentation were described to be associated with premature senescence: vitiligo and melasma. In both cases, it was demonstrated that pathological dysfunctions are not restricted to melanocytes, the cell type responsible for melanin production and transport to surrounding keratinocytes. Similar to physiological melanogenesis, dermal and epidermal cells contribute directly and indirectly to deregulate skin pigmentation as a result of complex intercellular communication. Thus, despite senescence usually being reported as a uniform phenotype sharing the expression of characteristic markers, skin senescence involving mainly the dermal compartment and its paracrine function could be associated with the disappearance of melanocytes in vitiligo lesions and with the exacerbated activity of melanocytes in the hyperpigmentation spots of melasma. This suggests that the difference may arise in melanocyte intrinsic differences and/or in highly defined microenvironment peculiarities poorly explored at the current state of the art. A similar dualistic phenotype has been attributed to intratumoral stromal cells as cancer-associated fibroblasts presenting a senescent-like phenotype which influence the behavior of neoplastic cells in either a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting manner. Here, we present a framework dissecting senescent-related molecular alterations shared by vitiligo and melasma patients and we also discuss disease-specific differences representing new challenges for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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35
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Atef A, El-Rashidy MA, Azeem AA, Kabel AM. The Role of Stem Cell Factor in Hyperpigmented Skin Lesions. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3723-3728. [PMID: 31870114 PMCID: PMC7173358 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.12.3723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin hyperpigmentation usually results from an increased number, or activity, of melanocytes. The degree of pigmentation of skin depends on the amount and type of melanin, degree of skin vascularity, presence of carotene, and thickness of the stratum corneum. Common causes of hyperpigmentation include post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma, solar lentigines, ephelides (freckles), and café-au-lait macules. Some skin tumors can be hyperpigmented as basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and malignant melanoma (MM). Stem cell factor (SCF) is a growth factor and its interaction with its receptor, c-kit, is well known to be critical to the survival of melanocytes. METHODS This study was carried out on 60 patients complaining of hyperpigmented skin lesions (20 melasma, 20 solar lentigines, and 20 freckles) and 36 patients with skin tumors (14 BCC, 12 SCC, and 10 MM). Punch skin biopsies were taken from the previous lesions. Immunohistochemical staining of these samples was done using the stem cell factor (SCF). RESULTS There was positive expression of SCF in all cases of melasma, solar lentigines and freckles with significant increase in the intensity of expression in the lesional areas than the non-lesional ones (P=0.004). There was also a statistically significant increase in the expression of SCF in BCC and melanoma tumor cells. CONCLUSION SCF has a great role in skin hyperpigmented disorders and this can be used as a target for the developing of new antipigmentary lines of treatment by inhibiting SCF. SCF can also be involved in the emergence of some skin tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ahmed M Kabel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt,
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
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36
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Kukla-Bartoszek M, Pośpiech E, Woźniak A, Boroń M, Karłowska-Pik J, Teisseyre P, Zubańska M, Bronikowska A, Grzybowski T, Płoski R, Spólnicka M, Branicki W. DNA-based predictive models for the presence of freckles. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 42:252-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Stout R, Birch-Machin M. Mitochondria's Role in Skin Ageing. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:E29. [PMID: 31083540 PMCID: PMC6627661 DOI: 10.3390/biology8020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skin ageing is the result of a loss of cellular function, which can be further accelerated by external factors. Mitochondria have important roles in skin function, and mitochondrial damage has been found to accumulate with age in skin cells, but also in response to solar light and pollution. There is increasing evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are key features in all ageing tissues, including skin. This is directly linked to skin ageing phenotypes: wrinkle formation, hair greying and loss, uneven pigmentation and decreased wound healing. The loss of barrier function during skin ageing increases susceptibility to infection and affects wound healing. Therefore, an understanding of the mechanisms involved is important clinically and also for the development of antiageing skin care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roisin Stout
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Mark Birch-Machin
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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Barysch MJ, Braun RP, Kolm I, Ahlgrimm-Siesz V, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Duval C, Warrick E, Bernerd F, Nouveau S, Dummer R. Keratinocytic Malfunction as a Trigger for the Development of Solar Lentigines. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2019; 6:1-11. [PMID: 30800656 PMCID: PMC6381907 DOI: 10.1159/000495404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Solar lentigines (SL) affect chronically UV-radiated skin. Treatment is often refractory. Deeper knowledge on its pathogenesis might improve therapeutic effects. Material and Methods Morphological characterization of 190 SL was performed and epidermal thickness, pigment distribution, dendricity, and cornification grade were measured. Immunoreactivity was investigated using Melan A, Tyrosinase, MITF, p53, and CD20, as well as Notch1 using immunofluorescence. Results We found 2 groups of histological patterns, i.e., either acanthotic or atrophic epidermis. Lesions with basket-woven cornification and atrophic epidermis were observed in 6 out of 9 and 14 out of 16 cases from the face, respectively. Consistency of areas with a high pigmentation was observed in 96-97% of the cases. Hyperpigmentation grade and acanthosis or cornification disorders correlated positively in 88.5% of the cases. Overexpressed of p53 was found in 19 out of 20 lesions, presenting in a scattered distribution. A significant correlation of p53 and acanthosis (p = 0.003) and cornification grade (p = 0.0008) was observed. Notch1 was expressed in all SL, with the highest immunoreactivity in atrophic facial lesions. Lesions from the hands expressed Notch1 mainly in acanthotic areas with elongated rete ridges and less compact cornification. Discussion We suggest that Notch1-dependent keratinocytic malfunction causes the development of SL. Consequently, hyperpigmentation would be a result and not the primary cause of the pathogenesis. Confirmation of these findings might have clinical implications as hitherto treatment has mainly focused on melanocytes and pigmentation and not on the proliferation/differentiation balance of keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralph Peter Braun
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Kolm
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Emilie Warrick
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | | | | | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Wang JZ, Le S, Alexanian C, Boddu S, Merleev A, Marusina A, Maverakis E. No Causal Link between Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibition and Melanoma. World J Mens Health 2018; 37:313-321. [PMID: 30350485 PMCID: PMC6704303 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.180050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the association between phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor use and melanoma by 1) conducting a systematic review of observational studies; and 2) determining if low PDE5A gene expression in human melanoma correlated with decreased overall survival. Materials and Methods A systematic search of observational studies examining the association between PDE5 inhibitor use and melanoma was performed through ClinicalTrials.gov, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, and seven eligible studies were identified. PDE5A gene expression was analyzed with RNA sequencing data from 471 human melanoma samples obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Results Four studies reported a positive association between PDE5 inhibitor use and melanoma, and three studies found no correlation. RNA sequencing data analysis revealed that under-expression of the PDE5A gene did not impact clinical outcomes in melanoma. Conclusions There is currently no evidence to suggest that PDE5 inhibition in patients causes increased risk for melanoma. The few observational studies that demonstrated a positive association between PDE5 inhibitor use and melanoma often failed to account for major confounders. Nonetheless, the substantial evidence implicating PDE5 inhibition in the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-mediated melanoma pathway warrants further investigation in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Z Wang
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Le
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Sucharita Boddu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Merleev
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Alina Marusina
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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40
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Del Bino S, Duval C, Bernerd F. Clinical and Biological Characterization of Skin Pigmentation Diversity and Its Consequences on UV Impact. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092668. [PMID: 30205563 PMCID: PMC6163216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin color diversity is the most variable and noticeable phenotypic trait in humans resulting from constitutive pigmentation variability. This paper will review the characterization of skin pigmentation diversity with a focus on the most recent data on the genetic basis of skin pigmentation, and the various methodologies for skin color assessment. Then, melanocyte activity and amount, type and distribution of melanins, which are the main drivers for skin pigmentation, are described. Paracrine regulators of melanocyte microenvironment are also discussed. Skin response to sun exposure is also highly dependent on color diversity. Thus, sensitivity to solar wavelengths is examined in terms of acute effects such as sunburn/erythema or induced-pigmentation but also long-term consequences such as skin cancers, photoageing and pigmentary disorders. More pronounced sun-sensitivity in lighter or darker skin types depending on the detrimental effects and involved wavelengths is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Del Bino
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - Christine Duval
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - Françoise Bernerd
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
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Josse G, Le Digabel J, Questel E. Protection against summer solar lentigo over-pigmentation with a SPF30 daily cream. Skin Res Technol 2018; 24:485-489. [PMID: 29446160 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The aim of this study was to measure lentigines' pigmentation over a long period of time and evaluate if summer over-pigmentation can be avoided by the use a SPF30 day skin cream. METHODS Seventeen healthy female volunteers aged 50 and over and presenting lentigines participated in the study from spring to summer. Throughout the study, all subjects applied a SPF30 daily skin cream to only one hand. Color measurements of the target lesions were performed with a chromameter and with a color-calibrated camera. Target lesions were also imaged with in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). A specific procedure for re-registering the images was developed to ensure that the same papillae were measured over time. RESULTS Both color measurement methods, chromametry and color-calibrated camera, showed that lentigines treated over time with the SPF30 day skin cream were significantly lighter than the non-treated lentigines. The RCM images showed a decrease in the papillary contrast for the treated lentigines. CONCLUSION This study shows that this over-pigmentation can be avoided using a SPF30 day skin cream. Moreover, we have demonstrated that very fine re-registration of the RCM images is possible and ensures a more robust analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Josse
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Centre de Recherche sur la Peau, Toulouse, France
| | - J Le Digabel
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Centre de Recherche sur la Peau, Toulouse, France
| | - E Questel
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Centre de Recherche sur la Peau, Toulouse, France
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Warrick E, Duval C, Nouveau S, Bastien P, Piffaut V, Chalmond B, Ortonne JP, de Lacharrière O, Bernerd F. Morphological and molecular characterization of actinic lentigos reveals alterations of the dermal extracellular matrix. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:1619-1632. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Warrick
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation; 1 avenue Eugène Schueller; Aulnay sous Bois 93600 France
| | - C. Duval
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation; 1 avenue Eugène Schueller; Aulnay sous Bois 93600 France
| | - S. Nouveau
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation; 1 avenue Eugène Schueller; Aulnay sous Bois 93600 France
| | - P. Bastien
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation; 1 avenue Eugène Schueller; Aulnay sous Bois 93600 France
| | - V. Piffaut
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation; 1 avenue Eugène Schueller; Aulnay sous Bois 93600 France
| | - B. Chalmond
- Center for Mathematical Studies and their Applications; Ecole Normale Supérieure; Cachan France
| | - J-P. Ortonne
- Department of Dermatology; CHU Archet-2; Nice France
| | - O. de Lacharrière
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation; 1 avenue Eugène Schueller; Aulnay sous Bois 93600 France
| | - F. Bernerd
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation; 1 avenue Eugène Schueller; Aulnay sous Bois 93600 France
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Hamer MA, Pardo LM, Jacobs LC, Ikram MA, Laven JS, Kayser M, Hollestein LM, Gunn DA, Nijsten T. Lifestyle and Physiological Factors Associated with Facial Wrinkling in Men and Women. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1692-1699. [PMID: 28392345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Facial wrinkling is one of the most notable signs of skin aging. Men and women show different wrinkling patterns yet the lifestyle and physiological factors underlying these sex-specific patterns are relatively unknown. Here, we investigated sex-specific determinants for facial wrinkles. Wrinkle area was quantified digitally using facial photographs of 3,831 northwestern Europeans (51-98 years, 58% female). Effect estimates from multivariable linear regressions are presented as the percentage difference in the mean value of wrinkle area per unit increase of a determinant (%Δ). Wrinkle area was higher in men (median 4.5%, interquartile range: 2.9-6.3) than in women (3.6%, interquartile range: 2.2-5.6). Age was the strongest determinant, and current smoking (men: 15.5%Δ; women: 30.9%Δ) and lower body mass index (men: 1.7%Δ; women: 1.8%Δ) were also statistically significantly associated with increased wrinkling. Pale skin color showed a protective effect (men: -21.0%Δ; women: -28.5%Δ) and, in men, sunburn tendency was associated with less wrinkling. In women, low educational levels and alcohol use were associated with more wrinkling, whereas female pattern hair loss and a higher free androgen index were associated with less wrinkling. In summary, we validated known and identified additional determinants for wrinkling. Skin aging-reducing strategies should incorporate the sex differences found in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel A Hamer
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luba M Pardo
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie C Jacobs
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joop S Laven
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Kayser
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Loes M Hollestein
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David A Gunn
- Unilever Research and Development, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Tamar Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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45
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Choi W, Yin L, Smuda C, Batzer J, Hearing VJ, Kolbe L. Molecular and histological characterization of age spots. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:242-248. [PMID: 27621222 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Age spots, also called solar lentigines and lentigo senilis, are light brown to black pigmented lesions of various sizes that typically develop in chronically sun-exposed skin. It is well known that age spots are strongly related to chronic sun exposure and are associated with photodamage and an increased risk for skin cancer; however, the mechanisms underlying their development remain poorly understood. We used immunohistochemical analysis and microarray analysis to investigate the processes involved in their formation, focusing on specific markers associated with the functions and proliferation of melanocytes and keratinocytes. A total of 193 genes were differentially expressed in age spots, but melanocyte pigment genes were not among them. The increased expression of keratins 5 and 10, markers of basal and suprabasal keratinocytes, respectively, in age spots suggests that the increased proliferation of basal keratinocytes combined with the decreased turnover of suprabasal keratinocytes leads to the exaggerated formation of rete ridges in lesional epidermis which in turn disrupts the normal processing of melanin upwards from the basal layer. Based on our results, we propose a model for the development of age spots that explains the accumulation of melanin and the development of extensive rete ridges in those hyperpigmented lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonseon Choi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lanlan Yin
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jan Batzer
- R&D Front End Innovation, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vincent J Hearing
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ludger Kolbe
- R&D Front End Innovation, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
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Nouveau S, Agrawal D, Kohli M, Bernerd F, Misra N, Nayak CS. Skin Hyperpigmentation in Indian Population: Insights and Best Practice. Indian J Dermatol 2016; 61:487-95. [PMID: 27688436 PMCID: PMC5029232 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.190103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin pigmentation is one of the most strikingly variable phenotypes in humans, therefore making cutaneous pigmentation disorders frequent symptoms manifesting in a multitude of forms. The most common among them include lentigines, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, dark eye circles, and melasma. Variability of skin tones throughout the world is well-documented, some skin tones being reported as more susceptible to pigmentation disorders than others, especially in Asia and India. Furthermore, exposure to ultraviolet radiation is known to trigger or exacerbate pigmentation disorders. Preventive strategies for photoprotection and treatment modalities including topical and other medical approaches have been adopted by dermatologists to mitigate these disorders. This review article outlines the current knowledge on pigmentation disorders including pathophysiology, molecular profiling, and therapeutic options with a special focus on the Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Nouveau
- Department of Advanced Research, L'Oreal Research and Innovation, France
| | - Divya Agrawal
- Department of Advanced Research, L'Oreal India Pvt. Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Malavika Kohli
- Department of Dermatology, Jaslok Hospital and Breach Candy Hospital Trust, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Francoise Bernerd
- Department of Advanced Research, L'Oreal Research and Innovation, France
| | - Namita Misra
- Department of Advanced Research, L'Oreal India Pvt. Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chitra Shivanand Nayak
- Department of Dermatology, Leprology and Venereology, Topiwala National Medical College and B. Y. L. Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Bodekær M, Philipsen PA, Petersen B, Heydenreich J, Wulf HC. Defining "intermittent UVR exposure". Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:1176-1182. [PMID: 27494018 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00137h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) has been associated with "intermittent UVR exposure", which in previous studies has mainly been assessed by retrospective questionnaire data. Further, there is no uniform definition of the term "intermittent UVR exposure". OBJECTIVES We aimed to define and quantify "intermittent UVR exposure" by an objective measure. METHODS A broad study population of adults and children had data collected during a summer period. Data were personal UVR dosimetry measurements, from which the number of "intermittent days" was derived, sun behaviour diaries and retrospective questionnaires. Two definitions of intermittent UVR exposure were tested: (1) days when UVR dose exceeded 3 times individual average daily UVR dose, and (2) days when UVR dose exceeded individual constitutive skin type. Measures of nevi and lentigines were used as surrogates for CMM. RESULTS Using the first definition based solely on UVR dosimetry data we found 1241 "intermittent days" out of a total of 17 277 days (7.2%) among 148 participants. The numbers for nevi and lentigo density were significantly predicted by the number of intermittent days (R(2) = 0.15 and R(2) = 0.40, p < 0.001). The corresponding numbers for prediction of nevi and lentigo density by retrospective questionnaire data was lower (R(2) = 0.11, R(2) = 0.26, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We introduce a well-defined objective measure of intermittent UVR exposure. This measure may provide a better prediction of solar skin damage and CMM than retrospective questionnaire data.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bodekær
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - P A Philipsen
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - B Petersen
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - J Heydenreich
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - H C Wulf
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Laville V, Clerc SL, Ezzedine K, Jdid R, Taing L, Labib T, Coulonges C, Ulveling D, Carpentier W, Galan P, Hercberg S, Morizot F, Latreille J, Malvy D, Tschachler E, Zagury JF. A genome-wide association study in Caucasian women suggests the involvement ofHLAgenes in the severity of facial solar lentigines. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 29:550-8. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Laville
- Équipe Génomique, Bioinformatique et Applications; Chaire de Bioinformatique; Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers; Paris France
| | - Sigrid Le Clerc
- Équipe Génomique, Bioinformatique et Applications; Chaire de Bioinformatique; Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers; Paris France
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- UMR U557, INSERM/U1125 INRA/CNAM; University Paris 13/Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ile-de-France; Bobigny France
- Department of Dermatology; Hôpital Saint-André; Bordeaux France
| | - Randa Jdid
- Department of Skin Knowledge and Women Beauty; Chanel R&T; Pantin France
| | - Lieng Taing
- Équipe Génomique, Bioinformatique et Applications; Chaire de Bioinformatique; Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers; Paris France
| | - Taoufik Labib
- Équipe Génomique, Bioinformatique et Applications; Chaire de Bioinformatique; Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers; Paris France
| | - Cedric Coulonges
- Équipe Génomique, Bioinformatique et Applications; Chaire de Bioinformatique; Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers; Paris France
| | - Damien Ulveling
- Équipe Génomique, Bioinformatique et Applications; Chaire de Bioinformatique; Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers; Paris France
| | | | - Pilar Galan
- UMR U557, INSERM/U1125 INRA/CNAM; University Paris 13/Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ile-de-France; Bobigny France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- UMR U557, INSERM/U1125 INRA/CNAM; University Paris 13/Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ile-de-France; Bobigny France
- Department of Public Health; Hôpital Avicenne; Bobigny France
| | - Frederique Morizot
- Department of Skin Knowledge and Women Beauty; Chanel R&T; Pantin France
| | - Julie Latreille
- Department of Skin Knowledge and Women Beauty; Chanel R&T; Pantin France
| | - Denis Malvy
- UMR U557, INSERM/U1125 INRA/CNAM; University Paris 13/Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ile-de-France; Bobigny France
- Department of Internal Medicine and Tropical Diseases; Hôpital Saint-André; Bordeaux France
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Department of Dermatology; University of Vienna Medical School; Vienna Austria
| | - Jean-François Zagury
- Équipe Génomique, Bioinformatique et Applications; Chaire de Bioinformatique; Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers; Paris France
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Köse O. Successful removal of freckles with the bipolar radiofrequency and optical energy. J COSMET LASER THER 2016; 18:230-3. [DOI: 10.3109/14764172.2016.1157358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Q-Switched 660-nm Versus 532-nm Nd: YAG Laser for the Treatment for Facial Lentigines in Asian Patients: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Split-Face Comparison Pilot Study. Dermatol Surg 2016; 41:1389-95. [PMID: 26551773 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Q-switched (QS) 532-nm lasers are widely used to treat solar lentigines. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of 660-nm and 532-nm QS neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers in the treatment for lentigines in Asians. MATERIALS AND METHODS The halves of each face (randomly chosen) of 8 Korean Fitzpatrick Skin Type III-IV women with facial solar lentigines were treated with either 660-nm or 532-nm lasers. Pigmentation was measured objectively using a profilometric skin analysis tool and subjectively using the pigmentation area and severity index (PSI) score, global assessment of the aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS), and a patient satisfaction score at Weeks 4 and 8. RESULTS Seven patients completed the study. No significant differences were found in the PSI, GAIS, patient satisfaction score, and melanin average score between the lasers. The melanin average level was significantly reduced by the 660-nm laser but not the 532-nm laser at Week 8 compared with the baseline. CONCLUSION Both 660-nm and 532-nm QS Nd:YAG lasers effectively reduce pigmentation for up to 8 weeks with high patient satisfaction. The new 660-nm laser therefore increases the treatment options for lentigines in Asian skin.
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