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Hussein N, Meade J, Pandit H, Jones E, El-Gendy R. Characterisation and Expression of Osteogenic and Periodontal Markers of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) from Diabetic Knee Joints. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2851. [PMID: 38474098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a significant health problem globally and is linked to a number of complications such as cardiovascular disease, bone fragility and periodontitis. Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are a promising therapeutic approach for bone and periodontal regeneration; however, the effect of T2DM on the expression of osteogenic and periodontal markers in BM-MSCs is not fully established. Furthermore, the effect of the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes and osteoarthritis on BM-MSCs is also yet to be investigated. In the present study, BM-MSCs were isolated from osteoarthritic knee joints of diabetic and nondiabetic donors. Both cell groups were compared for their clonogenicity, proliferation rates, MSC enumeration and expression of surface markers. Formation of calcified deposits and expression of osteogenic and periodontal markers were assessed after 1, 2 and 3 weeks of basal and osteogenic culture. Diabetic and nondiabetic BM-MSCs showed similar clonogenic and growth potentials along with comparable numbers of MSCs. However, diabetic BM-MSCs displayed lower expression of periostin (POSTN) and cementum protein 1 (CEMP-1) at Wk3 osteogenic and Wk1 basal cultures, respectively. BM-MSCs from T2DM patients might be suitable candidates for stem cell-based therapeutics. However, further investigations into these cells' behaviours in vitro and in vivo under inflammatory environments and hyperglycaemic conditions are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Hussein
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Josephine Meade
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Hemant Pandit
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Reem El-Gendy
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Zeng Y, Liu L, Huang D, Song D. Immortalized cell lines derived from dental/odontogenic tissue. Cell Tissue Res 2023:10.1007/s00441-023-03767-5. [PMID: 37039940 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells derived from dental/odontogenic tissue have the property of multiple differentiation and are prospective in tooth regenerative medicine and cellular and molecular studies. However, in the face of cellular senescence soon in vitro, the proliferation ability of the cells is limited, so studies are hindered to some extent. Fortunately, immortalization strategies are expected to solve the above issues. Cellular immortalization is that cells are immortalized by introducing oncogenes, human telomerase reverse transcriptase genes (hTERT), or miscellaneous immortalization genes to get unlimited proliferation. At present, a variety of immortalized stem cells from dental/odontogenic tissue has been successfully generated, such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament cells (PDLs), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), dental papilla cells (DPCs), and tooth germ mesenchymal cells (TGMCs). This review summarized establishment and applications of immortalized stem cells from dental/odontogenic tissues and then discussed the advantages and challenges of immortalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dongzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Wang X, Steinberg T, Dieterle MP, Ramminger I, Husari A, Tomakidi P. FAK Shutdown: Consequences on Epithelial Morphogenesis and Biomarker Expression Involving an Innovative Biomaterial for Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189774. [PMID: 34575938 PMCID: PMC8470904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
By employing an innovative biohybrid membrane, the present study aimed at elucidating the mechanistic role of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in epithelial morphogenesis in vitro over 4, 7, and 10 days. The consequences of siRNA-mediated FAK knockdown on epithelial morphogenesis were monitored by quantifying cell layers and detecting the expression of biomarkers of epithelial differentiation and homeostasis. Histologic examination of FAK-depleted samples showed a significant increase in cell layers resembling epithelial hyperplasia. Semiquantitative fluorescence imaging (SQFI) revealed tissue homeostatic disturbances by significantly increased involucrin expression over time, persistence of yes-associated protein (YAP) and an increase of keratin (K) 1 at day 4. The dysbalanced involucrin pattern was underscored by ROCK-IISer1366 activity at day 7 and 10. SQFI data were confirmed by quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis, thereby corroborating the FAK shutdown-related expression changes. The artificial FAK shutdown was also associated with a significantly higher expression of filaggrin at day 10, sustained keratinocyte proliferation, and the dysregulated expression of K19 and vimentin. These siRNA-induced consequences indicate the mechanistic role of FAK in epithelial morphogenesis by simultaneously considering prospective biomaterial-based epithelial regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wang
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (X.W.); (M.P.D.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (X.W.); (M.P.D.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Martin P. Dieterle
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (X.W.); (M.P.D.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Imke Ramminger
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (X.W.); (M.P.D.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ayman Husari
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (X.W.); (M.P.D.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
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Han NY, Hong JY, Park JM, Shin C, Lee S, Lee H, Yun JH. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of human periodontal ligament stem cells by high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Periodontal Res 2018; 54:53-62. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Na-Young Han
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Gachon College of Pharmacy; Gachon University; Incheon Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Hong
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jong-Moon Park
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Gachon College of Pharmacy; Gachon University; Incheon Korea
| | - Changsik Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Penn State University College of Medicine and Milton Hershey Medical Center; Hershey; PA USA
| | - Saya Lee
- Department of Periodontology; College of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Korea
| | - Hookeun Lee
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Gachon College of Pharmacy; Gachon University; Incheon Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Yun
- Department of Periodontology; College of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital; Jeonju Korea
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Kim EC, Park J, Kwon IK, Lee SW, Park SJ, Ahn SJ. Static magnetic fields promote osteoblastic/cementoblastic differentiation in osteoblasts, cementoblasts, and periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2017; 47:273-291. [PMID: 29093986 PMCID: PMC5663666 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2017.47.5.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although static magnetic fields (SMFs) have been used in dental prostheses and osseointegrated implants, their biological effects on osteoblastic and cementoblastic differentiation in cells involved in periodontal regeneration remain unknown. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of SMFs (15 mT) on the osteoblastic and cementoblastic differentiation of human osteoblasts, periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), and cementoblasts, and to explore the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. Methods Differentiation was evaluated by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralized nodule formation based on Alizarin red staining, calcium content, and the expression of marker mRNAs assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Signaling pathways were analyzed by western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Results The activities of the early marker ALP and the late markers matrix mineralization and calcium content, as well as osteoblast- and cementoblast-specific gene expression in osteoblasts, PDLCs, and cementoblasts were enhanced. SMFs upregulated the expression of Wnt proteins, and increased the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and total β-catenin protein expression. Furthermore, p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways were activated. Conclusions SMF treatment enhanced osteoblastic and/or cementoblastic differentiation in osteoblasts, cementoblasts, and PDLCs. These findings provide a molecular basis for the beneficial osteogenic and/or cementogenic effect of SMFs, which could have potential in stimulating bone or cementum formation during bone regeneration and in patients with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaesuh Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Keun Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk-Won Lee
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jung Park
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Ahn
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Kim EC, Kim MK, Leesungbok R, Lee SW, Ahn SJ. Co-Cr dental alloys induces cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses via activation of Nrf2/antioxidant signaling pathways in human gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Dent Mater 2016; 32:1394-1405. [PMID: 27671470 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) dental alloys are routinely used in prosthodontics, the biocompatibility of Co-Cr alloys is controversial. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of Co-Cr alloys on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and osteoblasts in an in vitro model as well as their potential molecular mechanisms, focusing on NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways. METHODS Cells were directly seeded on prepared Co-Cr alloy discs (15.0mm diameter, 1.0mm thickness) or indirectly treated with Co-Cr alloy located at the bottom of an insert well and incubated for 3 days. Cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was evaluated by MTS assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Protein and mRNA levels were determined by Western blotting and RT-PCR analysis, respectively. RESULTS Cell viability and flow cytometric assay demonstrated that the Co-Cr alloy was cytotoxic to HGFs and osteoblasts, and significantly increased ROS production. In addition, the Co-Cr alloys upregulated pro-inflamamtory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) and increased levels of various inflammatory mediators (iNOS derived nitrite oxide, and COX-2-derived PGE2) in both cells. A mechanistic study showed that Co-Cr alloys activates the NRF2 pathway and up-regulate antioxidant enzymes including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Co-Cr alloys activated JAK2/STAT3, p38/ERK/JNK MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, antioxidants (resveratrol and NAC) and HO-1 inhibitor (SnPP) significantly inhibited the production of ROS and inflammatory mediators, as well as the activation of NF-κB signaling in Co-Cr alloy stimulated HGFs and osteoblasts. SIGNIFICANCE This study is the first to show that Co-Cr alloys exert cytotoxic and inflammatory effects via activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling and up-regulation of downstream HO-1, which could represent candidate targets for the regulation of inflammatory responses to Co-Cr alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myo-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard Leesungbok
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Won Lee
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Ahn
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Hong JY, Bae WJ, Yi JK, Kim GT, Kim EC. Anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastogenic effects of zinc finger protein A20 overexpression in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2015; 51:529-39. [PMID: 26548452 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although overexpression of the nuclear factor κB inhibitory and ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, its function in periodontal disease remains unknown. The aims of the present study were to evaluate A20 expression in patients with periodontitis and to study the effects of A20 overexpression, using a recombinant adenovirus encoding A20 (Ad-A20), on the inflammatory response and on osteoclastic differentiation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and nicotine-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). MATERIAL AND METHODS The concentration of prostaglandin E2 was measured by radioimmunoassay. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions and western blot analyses were used to measure mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Osteoclastic differentiation was assessed in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages using conditioned medium from LPS- and nicotine-treated hPDLCs. RESULTS A20 was upregulated in the gingival tissues and neutrophils from patients with periodontitis and in LPS- and nicotine-exposed hPDLCs. Pretreatment with A20 overexpression by Ad-A20 markedly attenuated LPS- and nicotine-induced production of prostaglandin E2 , as well as expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, A20 overexpression inhibited the number and size of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-stained osteoclasts, and downregulated osteoclast-specific gene expression. LPS- and nicotine-induced p38 phosphorylation and nuclear factor κB activation were blocked by Ad-A20. Ad-A20 inhibited the effects of nicotine and LPS on the activation of pan-protein kinase C, Akt, GSK-3β and protein kinase Cα. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate that A20 overexpression has anti-inflammatory effects and blocks osteoclastic differentiation in a nicotine- and LPS-stimulated hPDLC model. Thus, A20 overexpression may be a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory bone loss diseases, such as periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Hong
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - W-J Bae
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology & Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-K Yi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - G-T Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - E-C Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology & Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Alves LB, Mariguela VC, Grisi MFDM, Souza SLSD, Novaes Junior AB, Taba Junior M, Oliveira PTD, Palioto DB. Expression of osteoblastic phenotype in periodontal ligament fibroblasts cultured in three-dimensional collagen gel. J Appl Oral Sci 2015; 23:206-14. [PMID: 26018313 PMCID: PMC4428466 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of a three-dimensional cell culture model on the expression of osteoblastic phenotype in human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) cultures. MATERIAL AND METHODS hPDLF were seeded on bi-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) collagen type I (experimental groups) and and on a plastic coverslip (control) for up to 14 days. Cell viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were performed. Also, cell morphology and immunolabeling for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteopontin (OPN) were assessed by epifluorescence and confocal microscopy. The expression of osteogenic markers, including alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, osteocalcin (OC), collagen I (COL I) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Mineralized bone-like nodule formation was visualized by microscopy and calcium content was assessed quantitatively by alizarin red assay. RESULTS Experimental cultures produced an increase in cell proliferation. Immunolabeling for OPN and ALP in hPDLF were increased and ALP activity was inhibited by three-dimensional conditions. OPN and RUNX2 gene expression was significantly higher on 3D culture when compared with control surface. Moreover, ALP and COL I gene expression were significantly higher in three-dimensional collagen than in 2D cultures at 7 days. However, at 14 days, 3D cultures exhibited ALP and COL I gene expression significantly lower than the control, and the COL I gene expression was also significantly lower in 3D than in 2D cultures. Significant calcium mineralization was detected and quantified by alizarin red assay, and calcified nodule formation was not affected by tridimensionality. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the 3D cultures are able to support hPDLF proliferation and favor the differentiation and mineralized matrix formation, which may be a potential periodontal regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Bastos Alves
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane Casagrande Mariguela
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio Fernando de Moraes Grisi
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luiz Scaombatti de Souza
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur Belém Novaes Junior
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário Taba Junior
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Tambasco de Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bazan Palioto
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Chronopoulou L, Amalfitano A, Palocci C, Nocca G, Callà C, Arcovito A. Dexamethasone-loaded biopolymeric nanoparticles promote gingival fibroblasts differentiation. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1381-7. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chronopoulou
- Dept. of Chemistry; Sapienza University of Rome; Piazzale a. Moro 5 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Adriana Amalfitano
- Dept. of Chemistry; Sapienza University of Rome; Piazzale a. Moro 5 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Cleofe Palocci
- Dept. of Chemistry; Sapienza University of Rome; Piazzale a. Moro 5 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Giuseppina Nocca
- Inst. of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore; L.Go F. Vito 1 Rome 00168 Italy
- Inst. of Chemistry of Molecular Recognition; C.N.R., C/O L.Go F. Vito 1 Rome 00168 Italy
| | - Cinzia Callà
- Inst. of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore; L.Go F. Vito 1 Rome 00168 Italy
| | - Alessandro Arcovito
- Inst. of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore; L.Go F. Vito 1 Rome 00168 Italy
- Centro Di Ricrca Sulle Biotecnologie Applicate Alla Cosmetologia (CRBA); Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore; L.Go F. Vito 1 Rome 00168 Italy
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Son GY, Yang YM, Park WS, Chang I, Shin DM. Hypotonic stress induces RANKL via transient receptor potential melastatin 3 (TRPM3) and vaniloid 4 (TRPV4) in human PDL cells. J Dent Res 2015; 94:473-81. [PMID: 25595364 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514567196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling occurs in response to various types of mechanical stress. The periodontal ligament (PDL) plays an important role in mechanical stress-mediated alveolar bone remodeling. However, the underlying mechanism at the cellular level has not been extensively studied. In this study, we investigated the effect of shear stress on the expression of bone remodeling factors, including receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), as well as its upstream signaling pathway in primary human PDL cells. We applied hypotonic stress to reproduce shear stress to PDL cells. Hypotonic stress induced the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of RANKL but not OPG. It also increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i). Extracellular Ca(2+) depletion and nonspecific plasma membrane Ca(2+) channel blockers completely inhibited the increase in both [Ca(2+)]i and RANKL mRNA expression. We identified the expression and activation of transient receptor potential melastatin 3 (TRPM3) and vaniloid 4 (TRPV4) channels in PDL cells. Pregnenolone sulfate (PS) and 4α-phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate (4α-PDD), which are agonists of TRPM3 and TRPV4, augmented Ca(2+) influx and RANKL mRNA expression. Both pharmacological (2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate [2-APB], ruthenium red [RR], ononetin [Ono], and HC 067047 [HC]) and genetic (small interfering RNA [siRNA]) inhibitors of TRPM3 and TRPV4 reduced the hypotonic stress-mediated increase in [Ca(2+)]i and RANKL mRNA expression. Our study shows that hypotonic stress induced RANKL mRNA expression via TRPM3- and TRPV4-mediated extracellular Ca(2+) influx and RANKL expression. This signaling pathway in PDL cells may play a critical role in mechanical stress-mediated alveolar bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Son
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y M Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - W S Park
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - I Chang
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - D M Shin
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Bao K, Akguel B, Bostanci N. Establishment and characterization of immortalized gingival epithelial and fibroblastic cell lines for the development of organotypic cultures. Cells Tissues Organs 2014; 199:228-37. [PMID: 25471635 DOI: 10.1159/000363694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies using 3D co-cultures of gingival cells can resemble their in vivo counterparts much better than 2D models that typically only utilize monolayer cultures with short-living primary cells. However, the use of 3D gingival models is still limited through lack of appropriate cell lines. We aimed to establish immortalized cell line models of primary human gingival epithelium keratinocytes (HGEK) and gingival fibroblasts (GFB). Immortalized cell lines (HGEK-16 and GFB-16) were induced by E6 and E7 oncoproteins of human papillomavirus. In addition, 3D multilayered organotypic cultures were formed by embedding GFB-16 cells within a collagen (Col) matrix and seeding of HGEK-16 cells on the upper surfaces. Cell growth was analyzed in both immortalized cell lines and their parental primary cells. The expression levels of cell type-specific markers, i.e. cytokeratin (CK) 10, CK13, CK16, CK18, CK19 for HGEK-16 and Col I and Col II for GFB-16, were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Expansion of the primary cultures was impeded at early passages, while the transformed immortalized cell lines could be expanded for more than 30 passages. In 3D cultures, immortalized HGEK formed a multilayer of epithelial cells. qRT-PCR showed that cell-specific marker expression in the 3D cultures was qualitatively and quantitatively closer to that in human gingival tissue than to monolayer cultures. These results indicate that immortalized gingival fibroblastic and epithelial cell lines can successfully form organotypic multilayered cultures and, therefore, may be useful tools for studying gingival tissue in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Bao
- Oral Translational Research Unit, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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El-Bialy T, Alhadlaq A, Wong B, Kucharski C. Ultrasound effect on neural differentiation of gingival stem/progenitor cells. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 42:1406-12. [PMID: 24752635 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dental pulp loss due to caries or pulpitis can affect the longevity of teeth. Dental pulp tissue engineering necessitates the use of progenitor cells that has the potential to differentiate into neural, vascular and odontoblasts like cells. Previous reports have shown that human gingival progenitor cells (HGPCs) can be differentiated into different cell types; however neural differentiation of these cells, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been reported to enhance cell differentiation. The aims of this study were (1) to explore the potential neural differentiation of HGPCs and (2) to investigate the effect of LIPUS on the differentiation of HGPCs when incubated under neuroinductive conditions. The HGPCs were isolated from human interdental papilla proximal to the premolar teeth that were extracted for orthodontic purpose. The HGPCs were induced to differentiate into neural lineage using a neuroinductive culture medium. HGPCs were divided into four groups; control group, neuro-induction (NI) group, ultrasound group (LIPUS), and a combined NI+LIPUS group. HGPCs were harvested for immunostaining and q-PCR after 1 day. Immunostaining for neuron specific antigens and q-PCR suggested that HGPCs can be differentiated into neural lineage and that selected neurodifferentiation markers can be enhanced by LIPUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek El-Bialy
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2N8, Canada,
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Mustafa M, Zarrough A, Bolstad AI, Lygre H, Mustafa K, Hasturk H, Serhan C, Kantarci A, Van Dyke TE. Resolvin D1 protects periodontal ligament. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 305:C673-9. [PMID: 23864609 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00242.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Resolution agonists are endogenous mediators that drive inflammation to homeostasis. We earlier demonstrated in vivo activity of resolvins and lipoxins on regenerative periodontal wound healing. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of resolvin D1 (RvD1) on the function of human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts, which are critical for wound healing during regeneration of the soft and hard tissues around teeth. Primary cells were cultured from biopsies obtained from three individuals free of periodontal diseases. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation from whole blood of healthy volunteers. PGE2, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and lipoxin A4 (LXA4) in culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. The direct impact of RvD1 on PDL fibroblast proliferation was measured and wound closure was analyzed in vitro using a fibroblast culture "scratch assay." PDL fibroblast function in response to RvD1 was further characterized by basic FGF production by ELISA. IL-1β and TNF-α enhanced the production of PGE2. Treatment of PDL cells and monocytes with 0.1-10 ng/ml RvD1 (0.27-27 M) reduced cytokine induced production of PGE2 and upregulated LXA4 production by both PDL cells and monocytes. RvD1 significantly enhanced PDL fibroblast proliferation and wound closure as well as basic FGF release. The results demonstrate that anti-inflammatory and proresolution actions of RvD1 with upregulation of arachidonic acid-derived endogenous resolution pathways (LXA4) and suggest resolution pathway synergy establishing a novel mechanism for the proresolution activity of the ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid-derived resolution agonist RvD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry-Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Involvement of Nrf2-mediated upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 in mollugin-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in human oral cancer cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:210604. [PMID: 23738323 PMCID: PMC3659465 DOI: 10.1155/2013/210604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although previous studies have shown that mollugin, a bioactive phytochemical isolated from Rubia cordifolia L. (Rubiaceae), exhibits antitumor effects, its biological activity in oral cancer has not been reported. We thus investigated the effects and putative mechanism of apoptosis induced by mollugin in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (OSCCs). Results show that mollugin induces cell death in a dose-dependent manner in primary and metastatic OSCCs. Mollugin-induced cell death involved apoptosis, characterized by the appearance of nuclear shrinkage, flow cytometric analysis of sub-G1 phase arrest, and annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining. Western blot analysis and RT-PCR revealed that mollugin suppressed activation of NF-κB and NF-κB-dependent gene products involved in antiapoptosis (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl), invasion (MMP-9 and ICAM-1), and angiogenesis (FGF-2 and VEGF). Furthermore, mollugin induced the activation of p38, ERK, and JNK and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor E2–related factor 2 (Nrf2). Mollugin-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of HO-1 were reversed by an HO-1 inhibitor and Nrf2 siRNA. Collectively, this is the first report to demonstrate the effectiveness of mollugin as a candidate for a chemotherapeutic agent in OSCCs via the upregulation of the HO-1 and Nrf2 pathways and the downregulation of NF-κB.
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Maeda H, Wada N, Tomokiyo A, Monnouchi S, Akamine A. Prospective potency of TGF-β1 on maintenance and regeneration of periodontal tissue. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 304:283-367. [PMID: 23809439 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407696-9.00006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue, central in the periodontium, plays crucial roles in sustaining tooth in the bone socket. Irreparable damages of this tissue provoke tooth loss, causing a decreased quality of life. The question arises as to how PDL tissue is maintained or how the lost PDL tissue can be regenerated. Stem cells included in PDL tissue (PDLSCs) are widely accepted to have the potential to maintain or regenerate the periodontium, but PDLSCs are very few in number. In recent studies, undifferentiated clonal human PDL cell lines were developed to elucidate the applicable potentials of PDLSCs for the periodontal regenerative medicine based on cell-based tissue engineering. In addition, it has been suggested that transforming growth factor-beta 1 is an eligible factor for the maintenance and regeneration of PDL tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
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San Miguel SM, Opperman LA, Allen EP, Zielinski J, Svoboda KK. Bioactive polyphenol antioxidants protect oral fibroblasts from ROS-inducing agents. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1657-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Park GJ, Kim YS, Kang KL, Bae SJ, Baek HS, Auh QS, Chun YH, Park BH, Kim EC. Effects of sirtuin 1 activation on nicotine and lipopolysaccharide-induced cytotoxicity and inflammatory cytokine production in human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2012. [PMID: 23199342 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) over-expression and resveratrol exert anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory effects, their effects and the mechanism of action on human gingival fibroblast (HGF)-mediated inflammation are unknown. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of activating SIRT1 using resveratrol and recombinant adenovirus encoding SIRT1 (Ad-SIRT1) on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and to elucidate its mechanism of action of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and nicotine stimulated-HGF. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cytotoxicity and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The amount of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) released into the culture medium was measured by radioimmunoassay. mRNA and protein levels were analyzed using RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Nicotine and LPS up-regulated the expression of SIRT1 mRNA and SIRT1 protein in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Resveratrol and Ad-SIRT1 decreased LPS and nicotine-induced cytotoxicity, ROS and PGE2 production, and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in HGFs. Resveratrol and Ad-SIRT1 inhibited nicotine and LPS-mediated protein kinase C (PKC), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), p38, ERK, JNK, MAPK and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation. CONCLUSION This study is the first to show that the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of SIRT1 activation in HGFs occur through the PKC, PI3K, MAPK and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-J Park
- Department of Oral Histology, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheon-An, Korea
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Park YD, Kim YS, Jung YM, Lee SI, Lee YM, Bang JB, Kim EC. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide regulates interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 expression via SIRT1 modulation in human periodontal ligament cells. Cytokine 2012; 60:284-93. [PMID: 22683003 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 levels exist in the gingival tissue of periodontitis patients, but the precise molecular mechanisms that regulate IL-17 and IL-23 production remain unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the role of SIRT1 signaling on Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-17 and IL-23 production in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). IL-17 and IL-23 production was significantly increased in LPS-treated cells. LPS treatment also led to the upregulation of SIRT1 mRNA and protein expression. LPS-induced IL-17 and IL-23 upregulation was attenuated by pretreatment with inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and NF-κB, as well as neutralizing antibodies against Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4. Sirtinol treatment (a known SIRT1 inhibitor) or SIRT1 knockdown by small interfering RNA blocked LPS-stimulated IL-17 and IL-23 expression. Further investigation showed that LPS decreased osteoblast markers (i.e., ALP, OPN, and BSP) and concomitantly increased osteoclast markers (i.e., RANKL and M-CSF). This response was attenuated by inhibitors of the PI3K, p38, ERK, JNK, NF-κB, and SIRT1 pathways. These findings, for the first time, suggest that human periodontopathogen P. gingivalis LPS is implicated in periodontal disease bone destruction and may mediate IL-17 and IL-23 release from hPDLCs. This process is dependent, at least in part, on SIRT1-Akt/PI3K-MAPK-NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Duk Park
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Martinez EF, Donato TAG, Arana-Chavez VE. In vitro effects of ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate on human gingival fibroblast cells. Tissue Cell 2012; 44:325-31. [PMID: 22677409 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) and β-glycerophosphate (βG) are considered in vitro osteogenic factors important to the differentiation of osteoblastic progenitor and dental pulp cells into mineralized tissue-forming cells. So, the present study investigated in vitro if these mineralizing inducible factors (AA and βG) could influence differentiation of human gingival fibroblasts when compared with human pulp cells and osteogenic cells derived from rat calvaria cultured. The expression of osteopontin (OPN) and osteoadherin (OSAD) was analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry as well as Western-blotting. In addition, the main ultrastructural aspects were also investigated. No mineralized matrix formation occurred on gingival fibroblasts induced with AA+βG. On these cells, no expression of OPN and OSAD was observed when compared with pulp cells, pulp cells induced with AA+βG as well as osteogenic cells. Ultrastructure analysis additionally showed that gingival fibroblasts exhibited typical fibroblast morphology with no nodule formation. The present findings showed that AA and βG could not promote a mineralized cell differentiation of human gingival fibroblasts and confirm that human dental pulp cells, as the osteogenic cells, are capable to form a mineralized extracellular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Martinez
- Laboratory of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Mostafa NZ, Uludağ H, Varkey M, Dederich DN, Doschak MR, El-Bialy TH. In vitro osteogenic induction of human gingival fibroblasts for bone regeneration. Open Dent J 2011; 5:139-45. [PMID: 21915227 PMCID: PMC3170932 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601105010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background And Objective: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease causing bone loss, and is a primary cause of tooth loss. Gingival fibroblasts are readily available with minimal donor site morbidity and may be ideal for tissue engineering efforts in regenerating lost alveolar bone. Dexamethasone (Dex) is commonly employed for in vitro osteogenic induction of a variety of cells, but its effect on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) is still controversial. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the osteogenic differentiation of HGF following Dex treatment. Methods: Cultured HGFs were exposed to osteogenic medium containing a wide range of Dex concentrations (0.01-10 µM). The osteogenic phenotype was assessed based on changes in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the mRNA expression of selected extracellular matrix proteins critical for mineralization and the extent of extracellular mineralization (Von Kossa staining and Ca-content). Results: All assays showed a consistent and maximal osteogenic effect of Dex on HGF at 0.1 and 0.5 µM (weeks 3 and 4), as evidenced by significant osteopontin and osteocalcin expression and mineralization. Longer cultures (week 4) also yielded positive osteogenic effect of Dex at 0.01 µM. Moreover, ALP activity was significantly stimulated at 0.1 and 0.5 µM Dex initially after one week, but ALP was subsequently reduced under Dex. Higher Dex concentrations caused down regulation of osteogenic effects observed at the optimal (0.1-0.5 µM) concentrations. Conclusion: Under appropriate osteogenic conditioning, Dex treated HGFs could be a potential source of cells for cell-based therapy for periodontal bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Z Mostafa
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Implications of cultured periodontal ligament cells for the clinical and experimental setting: a review. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:933-43. [PMID: 21470594 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a key contributor to the process of regeneration of the periodontium. The heterogeneous nature of the PDL tissue, its development during early adulthood, and the different conditions to which the PDL tissue is exposed to in vivo impart on the PDL unique characteristics that may be of consequence during its cultivation in vitro. Several factors affecting the in vivo setting influence the behaviour of PDL fibroblasts in culture. The purpose of this review is to address distinct factors that influence the behaviour of PDL fibroblasts in culture -in vivo-in vitro transitions, cell identification/isolation markers, primary PDL cultures and cell lines, tooth-specific factors, and donor-specific factors. Based on the reviewed studies, the authors recommendations include the use of several identification markers to confirm cell identity, use of primary cultures at early passage to maintain unique PDL heterogeneic characteristics, and noting donor conditions such as age, systemic health status, and tooth health status. Continued efforts will expand our understanding of the in vitro and in vivo behaviour of cells, with the goal of orchestrating optimal periodontal regeneration. This understanding will lead to improved evidence-based rationales for more individualized and predictable periodontal regenerative therapies.
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Iwata T, Yamato M, Zhang Z, Mukobata S, Washio K, Ando T, Feijen J, Okano T, Ishikawa I. Validation of human periodontal ligament-derived cells as a reliable source for cytotherapeutic use. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 37:1088-99. [PMID: 20618549 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01597.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Periodontal ligament (PDL) is a reliable cell source for periodontal regeneration. In this study, an optimal protocol for the extraction, expansion, and characterization of human PDL (hPDL) cells was examined for clinical trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS hPDL tissues were obtained from 41 surgically extracted teeth and digested with enzymes. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs), bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs), and gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) were used for comparison. For each sample, the proliferative capacity, colony-forming ability, alkaline phosphatase activity, differentiation ability, the cell surface antigens, gene expression, and regenerative potential were examined. RESULTS hPDL cells were more successfully extracted with collagenase/dispase [29/30 (96.7%)] than with trypsin/EDTA [8/11 (72.7%)], and exhibited osteogenic potential both in vitro and in vivo. The proliferation of hPDL cells was rapid at a low cell density. hPDL cells frequently differentiated into cementoblastic/osteoblastic lineage (∼60%). In contrast, their adipogenic and chondrogenic potentials were lower than those of hADSCs and hBMMSCs. Some genes (NCAM1, S100A4, and periostin) were preferentially expressed in hPDL cells compared with those of hBMMSCs and hGFs. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the expressions of S100A4 and periostin in hPDL tissue. CONCLUSION A protocol for the successful cultivation and validation of hPDL cells is proposed for clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Iwata
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Pi SH, Jeong GS, Oh HW, Kim YS, Pae HO, Chung HT, Lee SK, Kim EC. Heme oxygenase-1 mediates nicotine- and lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:177-83. [PMID: 20470258 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a key role in inflammation, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of action in periodontitis are still unknown. This study aimed to identify the effects of HO-1 on the proinflammatory mediators activated by nicotine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS The production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) was evaluated using Griess reagent and an enzyme immunoassay, respectively. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and HO-1 proteins was evaluated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide and nicotine synergistically induced the production of NO and PGE(2) and increased the protein expression of iNOS, COX-2 and HO-1. Treatment with an HO-1 inhibitor and HO-1 small interfering RNAs blocked the LPS- and nicotine-stimulated NO and PGE(2) release as well as the expression of iNOS and COX-2. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the nicotine- and LPS-induced inflammatory effects on PDL cells may act through a novel mechanism involving the action of HO-1. Thus, HO-1 may provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of periodontal disease associated with smoking and dental plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Pi
- Department of Periodontology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
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Cho JH, Lee SK, Lee JW, Kim EC. The role of heme oxygenase-1 in mechanical stress- and lipopolysaccharide-induced osteogenic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells. Angle Orthod 2010; 80:552-9. [DOI: 10.2319/091509-520.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Lee HJ, Jeong GS, Pi SH, Lee SI, Bae WJ, Kim SJ, Lee SK, Kim EC. Heme oxygenase-1 protects human periodontal ligament cells against substance P-induced RANKL expression. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:367-74. [PMID: 20337895 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although substance P (SP) stimulates bone resorption activity and this is reported to be correlated with the degree of periodontal inflammation, it is unclear how human periodontal ligament cells regulate neuropeptide-induced osteoclastogenesis or the possible involvement of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) might be. This study examines how SP affects osteoprotegerin (OPG) and RANKL expression via HO-1. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using immortalized human periodontal ligament cells, the effects of SP on the expression of HO-1, RANKL and OPG mRNA and proteins were determined by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Various concentrations of SP (10(-7), 10(-8), 10(-9) and 10(-10) m) were added to the medium, and the cells were treated for 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 d. RESULTS Substance P upregulated RANKL and HO-1 and downregulated OPG mRNA and protein expression in periodontal ligament cells, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. A HO-1 inducer inhibited both the upregulation of RANKL expression and downregulation of OPG expression by SP in periodontal ligament cells. By contrast, treatment with a HO-1 inhibitor or HO-1 small interferring RNA (siRNA) enhanced SP-stimulated RANKL expression. Inhibitors of ERK and p38 MAP kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB blocked the effects of SP on RANKL expression in periodontal ligament cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that SP stimulates osteoclastic differentiation by increasing the expression of RANKL vs. OPG via the HO-1 pathway in periodontal ligament cells. The HO-1 pathway may be an effective therapeutic target for inhibiting chronic periodontitis involving alveolar bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
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Ishikawa I, Iwata T, Washio K, Okano T, Nagasawa T, Iwasaki K, Ando T. Cell sheet engineering and other novel cell-based approaches to periodontal regeneration. Periodontol 2000 2010; 51:220-38. [PMID: 19878477 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2009.00312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hung PS, Chen FC, Kuang SH, Kao SY, Lin SC, Chang KW. miR-146a induces differentiation of periodontal ligament cells. J Dent Res 2010; 89:252-7. [PMID: 20110513 DOI: 10.1177/0022034509357411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells occurs under specific induction; furthermore, NF-kappaB signaling is important for regulation of bone differentiation. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that repress the translation of target genes and modulate cellular processes. miR-146a has been reported to modulate NF-kappaB signaling. This study hypothesized that miR-146a has a regulatory role in PDL differentiation by affecting NF-kappaB signaling. Immortalized PDL (I-PDL) cell lines were established by exogenous telomerase expression. The genesis of alkaline phosphatase and the up-regulation of miR-146a were induced by ascorbic acid in the I-PDL cells and primary PDL cells. I-PDL cells with exogenous miR-146a expression showed attenuation of NF-kappaB activity and exhibited higher differentiation relative to the controls. Exogenous NF-kappaB expression decreased the expression of differentiation markers, while the inactivation of endogenous NF-kappaB increased alkaline phosphatase in I-PDL cells. This study concludes that miR-146a promotes the differentiation in PDL cells through the down-regulation of NF-kappaB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-S Hung
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Sec. 2, Taipei, Taiwan
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Jeong GS, Lee SH, Jeong SN, Kim YC, Kim EC. Anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin on nicotine- and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells via heme oxygenase-1. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:1374-80. [PMID: 19729077 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although apigenin exhibits various biological effects, its anti-inflammatory role in the periodontal field remains unknown. We examined the anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin and the underlying mechanism in nicotine- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Western blotting was used to examine the effect of apigenin (10-40 microM) on the LPS- and nicotine-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as well as the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), in hPDL cells. Pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, and IL-12 were monitored using Griess reagents and ELISA. RESULTS Incubation of hPDL cells with apigenin decreased LPS- and nicotine-induced HO-1 protein expression and activity. Apigenin significantly inhibited the nicotine- and LPS-induced production of NO, PGE2, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12, and the upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 in hPDL cells. Hemin, a selective HO-1 inducer, reversed the apigenin-mediated suppression of nicotine- and LPS-induced NO, PGE2 and cytokine production. Treatment with inhibitors of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase, MAPKs, p38, and JNK, as well as a protein kinase C inhibitor, blocked the anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin in nicotine- and LPS-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS Apigenin possesses anti-inflammatory activity in hPDL cells and works through a novel mechanism involving the action of HO-1. Thus, apigenin may have potential benefits as a host modulatory agent in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease associated with smoking and dental plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil-Saeng Jeong
- Zoonosis Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
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Lee HJ, Pi SH, Kim Y, Kim HS, Kim SJ, Kim YS, Lee SK, Kim EC. Effects of Nicotine on Antioxidant Defense Enzymes and RANKL Expression in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1281-8. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Dabija-Wolter G, Cimpan MR, Costea DE, Johannessen AC, Sørnes S, Neppelberg E, Al-Haroni M, Skaug N, Bakken V. Fusobacterium nucleatumEnters Normal Human Oral Fibroblasts In Vitro. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1174-83. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Xu L, Tang L, Jin F, Liu XH, Yu JH, Wu JJ, Yang ZH, Wang YX, Duan YZ, Jin Y. The apical region of developing tooth root constitutes a complex and maintains the ability to generate root and periodontium-like tissues. J Periodontal Res 2009; 44:275-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kim EC, Lee BC, Chang HS, Lee W, Hong CU, Min KS. Evaluation of the radiopacity and cytotoxicity of Portland cements containing bismuth oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 105:e54-7. [PMID: 18155604 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Revised: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed at evaluating the radiopacity and cytotoxicity of Portland cements containing bismuth oxide (PcBo) in varying ratios. STUDY DESIGN Specimens measuring 10 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness were radiographed with an aluminum step wedge using an occlusal film. The radiographs were digitized, and the radiopacity of each material was compared to the different thicknesses of the aluminum step wedge. Using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the cytotoxicity of each material was determined in immortalized human periodontal ligament (IPDL) cells. RESULTS The results demonstrated that Portland cement with 20% bismuth oxide presented greater radiopacity (P < .05) compared to the mixtures with less bismuth oxide. The cell viabilities of all PcBo groups were statistically similar (P > .05) throughout the experimental period. CONCLUSION These results indicate that Portland cement with 20% bismuth oxide has a greater potential for being used as a root-end filling material compared to Portland cement with less bismuth oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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Lee SK, Pi SH, Kim SH, Min KS, Lee HJ, Chang HS, Kang KH, Kim HR, Shin HI, Lee SK, Kim EC. Substance P regulates macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha/chemokine C-C ligand 20 (CCL20) with heme oxygenase-1 in human periodontal ligament cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 150:567-75. [PMID: 17924972 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although substance P (SP), a potent proinflammatory peptide, is involved in inflammation and immune responses, the effect of SP on the expression of macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha[MIP-3alpha, chemokine C-C ligand 20 (CCL20)] in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells is unknown. Equally enigmatic is the link between SP, the stress protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and CCL20 production. We investigated whether SP induces the release of chemokine CCL20 from immortalized PDL (IPDL) cells, and further clarify SP-mediated pathways. We also examined the relationship between HO-1 and CCL20 by treating PDL cells with SP. Incubating IPDL cells with SP increased expression of CCL20 mRNA and CCL20 protein in a dose-time-dependent manner. Highly selective p38 and extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitors abrogated SP-induced expression of CCL20 in IPDL cells. SP is also responsible for initiating phosphorylation of IkappaB, degradation of IkappaB and activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB. SP induced expression of HO-1 in both a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and CCL20 reflected similar patterns. The inductive effects of SP on HO-1 and CCL20 were enhanced by HO-1 inducer hemin and the membrane-permeable guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) analogue 8-bromo-cGMP. Conversely, this pathway was inhibited by the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP IX) and the selective inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazole(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). We report herein the pathway that connects SP along with other modulators of neuroimmunoregulation to the induction of HO-1 and the inflammatory mediator macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3alpha/CCL20 in IPDL cells, which play an important role in the development of periodontitis or inflammation during orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-K Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental College, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
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