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Aragona F, Fazio F, Piccione G, Giannetto C. Chronophysiology of domestic animals. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:888-903. [PMID: 38832548 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2360723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
This review highlights recent findings on biological rhythms and discusses their implications for the management and production of domestic animals. Biological rhythms provide temporal coordination between organs and tissues in order to anticipate environmental changes, orchestrating biochemical, physiological and behavioural processes as the right process may occur at the right time. This allows animals to adapt their internal physiological functions, such as sleep-wake cycles, body temperature, hormone secretion, food intake and regulation of physical performance to environmental stimuli that constantly change. The study and evaluation of biological rhythms of various physiological parameters allows the assessment of the welfare status of animals. Alteration of biological rhythms represents an imbalance of the state of homeostasis that can be found in different management conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Giannetto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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2
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González F, Campos R. Reproductive and fertility parameters of ewes from the Colombian tropical highlands. REVISTA U.D.C.A ACTUALIDAD & DIVULGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA 2022. [DOI: 10.31910/rudca.v25.n1.2022.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Lagares MDA, Varago FC, Moustacas VS, Gheller VA, Nicolino RR, Borges I, Henry M. Effect of season and frequency of embryo collections on superovulatory response and embryo recovery in Santa Inês hair sheep. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Jiang W, Wu H, Guo R, Xu X, Wang Y, Jiang X, Wang Y, Yan X, Gu W, Liu X, Cao F, Li Y, Han T, Sun C. Dibromoacetic acid exposure is associated with abnormal melatonin rhythm in rats via inhibition of p-CREB1-AANAT signalling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111401. [PMID: 33038730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dibromoacetic acid (DBA) is a by-product of disinfection in drinking water, which could cause many adverse effects in test animals. However, little research on its neurotoxicity has been conducted, and its mechanism has not been elucidated. In the present study, ninety Sprague-Dawley rats were administered DBA at doses of 0, 30, and 90 mg/kg body weight for 28 days via oral gavage. We found that DBA could induce obvious neurotoxicity in the pineal gland as indicated by histological changes and impaired rhythm of melatonin in pineal and serum. In the mechanism study, transcriptome data showed that DBA exposure could induce 732 differential expression genes. Besides, GO and KEGG analysis results indicated that these genes were enriched in circadian rhythms, among which CREB1 had the most significant fold change. And immunofluorescence staining (IF) and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) results showed that the number of amber-colored masculine neurons for the p-CREB1 in the 90 mg/kg group was markedly lower, and staining for the p-CREB1 was weaker. Moreover, the results of PCR and western blot showed that DBA exposure could down-regulate the expressions of CREB1 and p-CREB1, leading to the decreased expressions of gene and protein of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), and then resulting in the impaired melatonin synthesis in the pineal and serum. In conclusion, DBA exposure is associated with abnormal melatonin rhythm via inhibition of the p-CREB1-AANAT signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China; National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China
| | - Huanyu Wu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China
| | - Rui Guo
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China
| | - XiTao Jiang
- College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0810, Australia
| | - Yu Wang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China
| | - Xuemin Yan
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China
| | - Wenbo Gu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China
| | - Fengyu Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiamusi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province 154000, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China; National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China; College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0810, Australia; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiamusi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province 154000, PR China.
| | - Tianshu Han
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China; National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China; College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0810, Australia; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiamusi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province 154000, PR China.
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China; National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China; College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0810, Australia; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiamusi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province 154000, PR China.
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Giannetto C, Carcangiu V, Luridiana S, Parmeggiani A, Piccione G. Twenty-four-hour rhythm patterns of plasma melatonin in short-day and long-day breeders maintained under natural environmental conditions. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:974-979. [PMID: 32482096 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1772808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Photoperiodic treatments have been of practical interest in controlling seasonal reproduction in sheep, goats and horses. Melatonin is the principal mediator of the environmental photoperiodic message. To investigate the intra- and inter-subject variability of melatonin 24 h rhythm, ten female Italian Saddle horses (8-10 yrs old, mean body weight 525 ± 30 kg), ten female Sarda breed sheep (2-3 yrs old, mean body weight 40.5 ± 2.8 kg) and ten female Sarda breed goats (3-4 yrs old, mean body weight 38.9 ± 4.1 kg), housed individually in a 4 × 4 m soundproof box equipped with 50 × 100 cm opening windows, were subjected to a natural photoperiod of the vernal equinox (sunrise 06:00 h; sunset 18:00 h). Blood samples were collected from each animal, every 3 h over a 48 h period starting at 00:00 h of day 1 and ending at 00:00 h of day 3. Plasma melatonin concentrations were determined by direct radioimmunoassay (MelatoninDirect RIA, Labor Diagnostika Nord GmbH, Nordhorn, Germany). The application of single cosinor method substantiated a circadian rhythm of melatonin with a nocturnal peak in all studied species. The application of two-way ANOVA on the rhythmic parameters indicated statistically significant differences between the three species in all of the cosinor analysis-derived parameters of MESOR, amplitude, acrophase and robustness of rhythm. Analyses of intra- and inter-subject variability indicate that organization of the melatonin 24 h rhythm is characterized by great accuracy of control within and between the individuals of a breed. In conclusion, features of the 24 h rhythm of melatonin among species; however, the 24 h rhythmicity of melatonin each species showed high stability within the various subjects and within the same subject. These findings must be taken into consideration when applying photoperiod and melatonin treatments for breeding purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giannetto
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata , Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carcangiu
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Sassari , 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata , Messina, Italy
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Ovarian follicular development, hormonal and metabolic profile in prepubertal ewe lambs with moderate dietary restriction and lipid supplementation. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 204:152-164. [PMID: 30955923 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of moderate dietary restriction and lipid supplementation on ovarian follicular development, hormonal and metabolic profile, thirty-five prepuberal ewe lambs were blocked by body weight and randomly assigned to treatments: ALUS (control) - unsupplemented-diet ad libitum (3.5% ether extract, n = 9); R-US - intake restricted to 85% of the ALUS diet (n = 9); AL-LS - lipid-supplemented-diet ad libitum (9.8% ether extract, n = 8); R-LS - intake restricted to 85% of the ALLS diet (n = 9), from 95 ± 8 days of age until estrus or 7 months of age. Lipid supplementation did not reduce dry matter intake. Daily weight gain was greater in lambs fed ad libitum. Plasma glucose was greater in the RLS treatment group, while serum insulin was less with lipid supplementation. There was a treatment by age interaction on total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride serum concentrations. Estrus was detected in 43% of the animals and the overall ovulation rate was 60%. The number of follicles, diameter of the largest follicle, body weight, age and serum progesterone at puberty did not differ among treatment groups. The mean diameter of the largest follicle was greater in lambs having than in those not having ovulations and increased with age in both groups. There was an interaction between the effects of occurrence of ovulation and age on the number of follicles between 3 and 5 mm and > 5 mm. Lipid supplementation and dietary restriction altered the metabolic profile in ewe lambs with no concomitant changes in values for reproductive variables.
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Seasonal climate effect on organ proportion and morbidity in “Bi-zheng” rats with kidney deficiency syndrome. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Soriano GAM, de Ruediger FR, Zundt M, Gomes MADCN, de Souza LFA, Giometti IC, de Paula Nogueira G, Zanelli GR, de Almeida Rego FC, Castilho C. Characterization of the LH peak after short and long fixed-time artificial insemination protocols in sheep raised in the tropics. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1245-1252. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marilice Zundt
- Universidade do Oeste Paulista; Presidente Prudente (UNOESTE); SP Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Caliê Castilho
- Universidade do Oeste Paulista; Presidente Prudente (UNOESTE); SP Brazil
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Benmoula A, Badi A, El Fadili M, El Khalil K, Allai L, El Hilali A, El Amiri B. Effect of season on scrotal circumference, semen characteristics, seminal plasma composition and spermatozoa motility during liquid storage in INRA180 rams. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 180:17-22. [PMID: 28249701 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of seasons on scrotal circumference, semen characteristics, seminal plasma composition, and sperm motility during liquid storage of INRA180 rams. The semen was collected from five mature INRA180 rams (2-3 years of age) during one year (from April 2014 to March 2015). Scrotal circumferences, semen characteristics, some biochemical parameters of seminal plasma were evaluated. Immediately after collection and evaluation, the semen was pooled and extended in skim milk (SM) at 15°C to reach 0.8×109 spermatozoa/ml. Thereafter, samples were evaluated at different storage times (0, 8, and 24h). The results showed that scrotal circumference, semen quality and the concentration of total protein in seminal plasma were relatively constant during the year (P>0.05). However, total lipid and cholesterol concentrations increased significantly (P<0.001) in winter and summer. The result showed also that progressive motility was higher in winter and summer after 24h of storage (P<0.01). In contrast, no difference was recorded regarding total motility (P>0.05). To conclude, the INRA180 rams have the ability to produce semen with high quality all over the year. The only parameters showing seasonal variations are cholesterol, total lipid, and progressive motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anass Benmoula
- INRA-Centre Régional de la Recherche Agronomique de Settat, BP589, Settat, Morocco; Laboratoire d'agroalimentaire et santé, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan1, BP 577, 26000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Abdelmoughit Badi
- INRA-Centre Régional de la Recherche Agronomique de Settat, BP589, Settat, Morocco
| | - Moussa El Fadili
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Division Scientifique, Département de la Production Animale, BP 415 RP, Avenue Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kaoutar El Khalil
- INRA-Centre Régional de la Recherche Agronomique de Settat, BP589, Settat, Morocco
| | - Larbi Allai
- INRA-Centre Régional de la Recherche Agronomique de Settat, BP589, Settat, Morocco
| | - Abderaouf El Hilali
- Laboratoire d'agroalimentaire et santé, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan1, BP 577, 26000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Bouchra El Amiri
- INRA-Centre Régional de la Recherche Agronomique de Settat, BP589, Settat, Morocco.
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Is the Santa Inês sheep a typical non-seasonal breeder in the Brazilian Southeast? Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 46:1533-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Choi D. Potency of melatonin in living beings. Dev Reprod 2013; 17:149-77. [PMID: 25949131 PMCID: PMC4282293 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2013.17.3.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Living beings are surrounded by various changes exhibiting periodical rhythms in environment. The environmental changes are imprinted in organisms in various pattern. The phenomena are believed to match the external signal with organisms in order to increase their survival rate. The signals are categorized into circadian, seasonal, and annual cycles. Among the cycles, the circadian rhythm is regarded as the most important factor because its periodicity is in harmony with the levels of melatonin secreted from pineal gland. Melatonin is produced by the absence of light and its presence displays darkness. Melatonin plays various roles in creatures. Therefore, this review is to introduce the diverse potential ability of melatonin in manifold aspects in living organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donchan Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 449-714, Republic of Korea
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Oliveira M, Sousa H, Moura A, Vicente W, Rodrigues L, Araújo A. The effects of parturition season and suckling mode on the puerperium of Santa Ines ewes and on the weight gain of lambs. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352013000300035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventy-seven ewes were randomly divided into groups according to parturition season and suckling mode [Rainy season: continuous (n=14) and controlled (n=13); Dry season: continuous (n=25) and controlled (n=25)]. The controlled suckling mode, in both seasons, resulted in a decrease in variables, intervals between parturition and first estrus (reduction of 27.11 and 11.46 days for rainy and dry season, respectively; P<0.05) and between parturition and estrus of conception (reduction of 12.81 and 13.58 days, for rainy and dry season, respectively; P<0.05). As to the lambs, the weight gain was higher in animals subjected to controlled suckling in relation to continuous, especially when lambing occurred in the rainy season (17.83±0.56 vs. 13.95±0.52kg for Lambs' weight at 90 days old, respectively; P<0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that controlled suckling management is better indicated for the Amazonian region, since it allows the ewes to have a shorter puerperium period and the lambs exhibit higher weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - A.A. Araújo
- Universidade Federal do Ceará; Universidade Estadual do Ceará
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Lampiao F, Du Plessis SS. New developments of the effect of melatonin on reproduction. World J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 2:8-15. [DOI: 10.5317/wjog.v2.i2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, a lot of advances in understanding the biochemistry and physiology of the pineal gland have been made. There is evidence that it interacts with many endocrine as well as non-endocrine tissues to influence their metabolic activity modulating many organs and functions. Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland in the brain and plays an important role in regulating the neuroendocrine system. This hormone is one of the major role players in the regulation of the circadian sleep-wake cycle. It is normally released from the pineal gland during the night in response to environmental changes in light. Studies have shown that melatonin plays a role in the regulation of many reproductive processes such as puberty, gonadal function, and pregnancy. Beside these, melatonin has been shown to be able to directly neutralize a number of free radicals and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The main objective of this review is to provide comprehensive information about the new developments in melatonin research regarding its role in reproduction. A review of international scientific literature was done and a question-and-answer format was used in an attempt to convey comprehensive information in a simple manner. This review discusses evidence currently available relating to the effect of melatonin on reproductive processes. It deliberates the mechanism of action of melatonin, its effect on puberty, testicular and ova function, pregnancy, and oxidative stress. A growing body of scientific evidence is suggesting that melatonin plays an important role in reproductive function. It is therefore imperative to highlight the beneficial effects of this hormone in improving the reproductive processes.
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Pinna A, Brandão F, Cavalcanti A, Borges A, Souza J, Fonseca J. Reproductive parameters of Santa Inês ewes submitted to short-term treatment with re-used progesterone devices. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352012000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of reusing intravaginal progesterone (P4) devices on the reproductive parameters in Santa Inês ewes. Females received intravaginal P4 devices for their first, second or third use for five days plus 300 IU eCG IM and 5mg dinoprost laterovulvar 24h before device removal. Blood was collected at different moments. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed from device removal to ovulation. Part of the ewes were submitted to artificial insemination by laparoscopy (IAL - n=55) with fresh semen, whereas the rest were bred by fertile rams (n=41). On the initial 18 h, ewes that received devices for the first time showed higher P4 concentrations (5.1±1.8 vs 3.5±1.4 vs 2.4±1.1 - P<0.05). However, after the first 48h no difference was observed among all treatments and P4 supraluteal concentrations were detected in all ewes upon device removal. Estrous response, interval from device removal to estrus, rate of ovulating animals, number of ovulations, time from device removal to ovulation and average conception rates after IAL or natural mating were similar among all 3 groups. Intravaginal progesterone devices can be used up to three times without altering reproductive parameters in Santa Inês ewes.
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Sasa A, Nonaka K, Balieiro J, Coelho L. Progesterona plasmática de ovelhas submetidas ao efeito-macho e mantidas sob diferentes condições nutricionais. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352011000500004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dosou-se a concentração plasmática de progesterona (P4) em ovelhas Santa Inês (SI), Suffolk (SU) e Romney Marsh (RM) em anestro sazonal e submetidas ao efeito-macho, as quais receberam ou não suplementação alimentar. Machos vasectomizados foram introduzidos no grupo de fêmeas após um período prévio de isolamento de 60 dias, e amostras de sangue foram colhidas antes e após a introdução dos machos. Houve efeito (P<0,01) de período, raça, interação período x raça e interação suplementação x período x raça sobre a concentração de P4. Nas ovelhas SI ocorreu aumento (P<0,01) da concentração de P4 após a introdução do macho, indicando que houve aumento na atividade cíclica reprodutiva desse grupo. A suplementação, neste caso, potencializou este aumento. Nas ovelhas SU e RM não ocorreram modificações na concentração de P4 (P>0,01) após a introdução dos machos, nem houve efeito de suplementação. O efeito-macho foi eficaz em induzir a atividade reprodutiva durante o anestro sazonal em ovelhas SI, mas não em ovelhas SU e RM, e a associação dessa prática com a suplementação alimentar é recomendada para ovelhas da raça nativa SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sasa
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul
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Plasma melatonin in domestic female Mediterranean sheep (Comisana breed) and goats (Maltese and Red Syrian). Res Vet Sci 2010; 90:35-9. [PMID: 20542527 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The plasma melatonin nychtemeral profiles in Mediterranean ewes and goats were evaluated six times throughout the year. Melatonin levels were high throughout the night and generally below the assay detection limit during daytime. However, during long days, 30% of the last daytime samples had high melatonin concentrations. Plasma melatonin levels were higher in Comisana sheep than in goats, and higher in Maltese than in Red Syrian goats, with highly significant effect of the individual animal and high repeatability. Plasma melatonin was higher in April than in August. When there was a large difference between the duration of day and night, the plasma melatonin pattern and the light/dark cycle did not always match exactly, suggesting some form of superimposition and/or the prevalence of an endogenous rhythm. The difference found at similar scotoperiods with increasing or decreasing day length may be involved in the perception of the photoperiodic changes.
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Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Manchester LC, Paredes SD, Mayo JC, Sainz RM. Melatonin and reproduction revisited. Biol Reprod 2009; 81:445-56. [PMID: 19439728 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.075655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This brief review summarizes new findings related to the reported beneficial effects of melatonin on reproductive physiology beyond its now well-known role in determining the sexual status in both long-day and short-day seasonally breeding mammals. Of particular note are those reproductive processes that have been shown to benefit from the ability of melatonin to function in the reduction of oxidative stress. In the few species that have been tested, brightly colored secondary sexual characteristics that serve as a sexual attractant reportedly are enhanced by melatonin administration. This is of potential importance inasmuch as the brightness of ornamental pigmentation is also associated with animals that are of the highest genetic quality. Free radical damage is commonplace during pregnancy and has negative effects on the mother, placenta, and fetus. Because of its ability to readily pass through the placenta, melatonin easily protects the fetus from oxidative damage, as well as the maternal tissues and placenta. Examples of conditions in which oxidative and nitrosative stress can be extensive during pregnancy include preeclampsia and damage resulting from anoxia or hypoxia that is followed by reflow of oxygenated blood into the tissue. Given the uncommonly low toxicity of melatonin, clinical trials are warranted to document the protection by melatonin against pathophysiological states of the reproductive system in which free radical damage is known to occur. Finally, the beneficial effects of melatonin in improving the outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer should be further tested and exploited. The information in this article has applicability to human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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Postpartum ovarian activity of Santa Inês lactating ewes fed diets containing soybean hulls as a replacement for coastcross (Cynodon sp.) hay. Small Rumin Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2008.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ali A, Hayder M. Seasonal variation of reproductive performance, foetal development and progesterone concentrations of sheep in the subtropics. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 43:730-4. [PMID: 18537909 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.00980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of breeding season [late spring (LSP) vs winter (WIN)] on reproductive performances, foetal development and progesterone (P(4)) concentrations of sheep in the subtropics. Ewes of Farafra breed were exposed for mating in LSP (n = 79) and WIN (n = 45). Ultrasonographic examinations were performed at days 25, 45 and 75 of mating to estimate the pregnancy rate, incidence of twinning and percentage of foetal losses. Foetal growth rate was determined at 10-day interval, and blood samples were taken on days 0 (oestrus), 8, 18 of oestrous cycle and on days 30, 45, 60 and 90 of pregnancy for P(4) analysis. The results showed that pregnancy and lambing rates were greater (p < 0.01) for ewes mated in LSP (93.7% and 92.4%) than for those mated in WIN (75.6% and 71.1%), respectively. There was no effect of season on the incidence of twinning (overall 19.1%) or the frequency of foetal losses (overall 7.3%). Transient reduction of placental size, foetal growth and P(4) concentration was observed following LSP matings. In conclusion, pregnancy and lambing rates were higher following LSP matings. Summer heat stress of the late spring mated ewes transiently interferes with foetal growth and P(4) concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ali
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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Plasma progesterone concentrations during early pregnancy in spring- and autumn-bred ewes. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 111:279-88. [PMID: 18467044 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to measure blood progesterone concentrations during early gestation to determine if the apparent reproductive failure in ewes bred out-of-season is due to a failure to conceive or embryonic loss. Blood samples were collected from spring- (n=61) and autumn-bred ewes (n=29) from Days 8 to 39 post-oestrus. Serum progesterone concentrations were analysed to ascertain whether ewes were ovulating and failing to maintain pregnancy, or conception was failing. Following pregnancy diagnosis 62 days after ram introduction, ewes were categorised as; no display of oestrus, mated but then identified as non-pregnant, or pregnant. A majority of spring-bred ewes that failed to display oestrus had silent oestrus (86%) and 66% of those ewes had abnormally short-lived corpora lutea. Circulating progesterone concentrations during dioestrus in ewes that had ovulated and displayed oestrus were unaffected by season. Similarly, progesterone concentrations during dioestrus did not differ between pregnant and mated non-pregnant ewes. The results indicated that while early luteylosis, low progesterone secretion from corpora lutea and embryo mortality did occur, these were in only a small proportion of ewes. Progesterone concentrations indicated that a majority of mated non-pregnant ewes had elevated progesterone concentrations necessary for the production of at least one viable embryo/foetus. This may be indicative to the failure of maternal recognition of pregnancy, and it is recommended that events surrounding this stage of pregnancy (Days 12-14) be examined more closely in ewes during the non-breeding season.
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