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Duncan HF, Kobayashi Y, Kearney M, Shimizu E. Epigenetic therapeutics in dental pulp treatment: Hopes, challenges and concerns for the development of next-generation biomaterials. Bioact Mater 2023; 27:574-593. [PMID: 37213443 PMCID: PMC10199232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This opinion-led review paper highlights the need for novel translational research in vital-pulp-treatment (VPT), but also discusses the challenges in translating evidence to clinics. Traditional dentistry is expensive, invasive and relies on an outmoded mechanical understanding of dental disease, rather than employing a biological perspective that harnesses cell activity and the regenerative-capacity. Recent research has focussed on developing minimally-invasive biologically-based 'fillings' that preserve the dental pulp; research that is shifting the paradigm from expensive high-technology dentistry, with high failure rates, to smart restorations targeted at biological processes. Current VPTs promote repair by recruiting odontoblast-like cells in a material-dependent process. Therefore, exciting opportunities exist for development of next-generation biomaterials targeted at regenerative processes in the dentin-pulp complex. This article analyses recent research using pharmacological-inhibitors to therapeutically-target histone-deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes in dental-pulp-cells (DPCs) that stimulate pro-regenerative effects with limited loss of viability. Consequently, HDAC-inhibitors have the potential to enhance biomaterial-driven tissue responses at low concentration by influencing the cellular processes with minimal side-effects, providing an opportunity to develop a topically-placed, inexpensive bio-inductive pulp-capping material. Despite positive results, clinical translation of these innovations requires enterprise to counteract regulatory obstacles, dental-industry priorities and to develop strong academic/industry partnerships. The aim of this opinion-led review paper is to discuss the potential role of therapeutically-targeting epigenetic modifications as part of a topical VPT strategy in the treatment of the damaged dental pulp, while considering the next steps, material considerations, challenges and future for the clinical development of epigenetic therapeutics or other 'smart' restorations in VPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry F. Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yoshifumi Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Michaela Kearney
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emi Shimizu
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
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Dalir Abdolahinia E, Safari Z, Sadat Kachouei SS, Zabeti Jahromi R, Atashkar N, Karbalaeihasanesfahani A, Alipour M, Hashemzadeh N, Sharifi S, Maleki Dizaj S. Cell homing strategy as a promising approach to the vitality of pulp-dentin complexes in endodontic therapy: focus on potential biomaterials. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:1405-1416. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2142466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Safari
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Nastaran Atashkar
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mahdieh Alipour
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nastaran Hashemzadeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Simin Sharifi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Caballero-Flores H, Nabeshima CK, Sarra G, Moreira MS, Arana-Chavez VE, Marques MM, Machado MEDL. Development and characterization of a new chitosan-based scaffold associated with gelatin, microparticulate dentin and genipin for endodontic regeneration. Dent Mater 2021; 37:e414-e425. [PMID: 33867170 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An ideal scaffold for endodontic regeneration should allow the predictableness of the new tissue organization and limit the negative impact of residual bacteria. Therefore, composition and functionalization of the scaffold play an important role in tissue bioengineering. The objective of this study was to assess the morphological, physicochemical, biological and antimicrobial properties of a new solid chitosan-based scaffold associated with gelatin, microparticulate dentin and genipin. METHODS Scaffolds based on chitosan (Ch); chitosan associated with gelatin and genipin (ChGG); and chitosan associated with gelatin, microparticulate dentin and genipin (ChGDG) were prepared by using the freeze-drying method. The morphology of the scaffolds was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The physicochemical properties were assessed for biodegradation, swelling and total released proteins. The biological aspects of the scaffolds were assessed using human cells from the apical papilla (hCAPs). Cell morphology and adhesion to the scaffolds were evaluated by SEM, cytotoxicity and cell proliferation by MTT reduction-assay. Cell differentiation in scaffolds was assessed by using alizarin red assay. The antimicrobial effect of the scaffolds was evaluated by using the bacterial culture method, and bacterial adhesion to the scaffolds was observed by SEM. RESULTS All the scaffolds presented porous structures. The ChCDG had more protein release, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of hCAPs, and bacteriostatic effect on Enterococcus faecalis than Ch and ChGG (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The chitosan associated with gelatin, microparticulate dentin and genipin has morphological, physicochemical, biological and antibacterial characteristics suitable for their potential use as scaffold in regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Caballero-Flores
- Discipline of Endodontic, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cleber Keiti Nabeshima
- Discipline of Endodontic, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Sarra
- Discipline of Endodontic, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Stella Moreira
- Post Graduation Program, School of Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Elias Arana-Chavez
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Martins Marques
- Post Graduation Program, School of Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoel Eduardo de Lima Machado
- Discipline of Endodontic, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Tawfik Tadros MS, El-Baz MAES, Khairy MAEK. Dental stem cells in tooth repair: A systematic review. F1000Res 2019; 8:1955. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21058.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dental stem cells (DSCs) are self-renewable teeth cells, which help maintain or develop oral tissues. These cells can differentiate into odontoblasts, adipocytes, cementoblast-like cells, osteoblasts, or chondroblasts and form dentin/pulp. This systematic review aimed to summarize the current evidence regarding the role of these cells in dental pulp regeneration. Methods: We searched the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science using relevant keywords. Case reports and non-English studies were excluded. We included all studies using dental stem cells in tooth repair whether in vivo or in vitro studies. Results: Dental pulp stem cell (DPSCs) is the most common type of cell. Most stem cells are incorporated and implanted into the root canals in different scaffold forms. Some experiments combine growth factors such as TDM, BMP, and G-CSF with stem cells to improve the results. The transplant of DPSCs and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) was found to be associated with pulp-like recovery, efficient revascularization, enhanced chondrogenesis, and direct vascular supply of regenerated tissue. Conclusion: The current evidence suggests that DPSCs, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, and SCAPs are capable of providing sufficient pulp regeneration and vascularization. For the development of the dental repair field, it is important to screen for more effective stem cells, dentine releasing therapies, good biomimicry scaffolds, and good histological markers.
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Huang Y, Tang X, Cehreli ZC, Dai X, Xu J, Zhu H. Autologous transplantation of deciduous tooth pulp into necrotic young permanent teeth for pulp regeneration in a dog model. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:5094-5105. [PMID: 31364449 PMCID: PMC6833418 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519862094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the potential for pulpal regeneration via autologous transplantation of deciduous tooth pulp into immature necrotic permanent teeth using an experimental dog model. Methods Experimental apical periodontitis was induced in 60 teeth of six Beagle dogs. Following canal disinfection and pulpotomy, autologous deciduous pulp tissue was transplanted into the root canals (n = 30); as controls, contralateral teeth were treated in accordance with the recommendations of the American Association of Endodontists. Radiographic examinations were performed immediately before transplant, as well as 3 and 6 months after transplant. At the 6-month examination, root samples were collected and histological and immunohistochemical analyses were used to examine tissue regeneration. Results Radiographic analysis showed no significant differences in most histopathological parameters examined; however, apical diameter reduction was greater in the experimental group. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses showed that the canal walls of the experimental group had newly formed dentin-like tissue with dentinal tubules, while the control group had cementum-like deposits along the canal wall and apical foramina. Conclusions Autologous transplantation may be useful for regeneration of dental pulp in necrotic young permanent teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Jiangxi, PR China
- Yan Huang, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Jiangxi 330006, PR China. Emails:
| | - Xiaoying Tang
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Zafer C. Cehreli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Dai
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Jiangjingjun Xu
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Hongshui Zhu
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Jiangxi, PR China
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Comparative Study between Revitalization of Necrotic Immature Permanent Anterior Teeth with and without Platelet Rich Fibrin: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019; 43:78-85. [PMID: 30730794 DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-43.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) during revitalization of necrotic immature permanent anterior teeth after 6 months and 1 year follow up period. The following treatment protocols; Group A: revitalization using blood clot scaffold only, and Group B: revitalization using blood clot and PRF. STUDY DESIGN twenty-two patients (7-12 years old) suffering from immature necrotic permanent maxillary central incisors were randomly selected and randomly allocated into 2 groups. Clinical examinations were performed to detect any pain or swelling during the follow up period. Standardized radiographs were digitally evaluated for changes in root length, periapical radiolucency size, presence of apical or cervical calcific bridges. RESULTS After a follow-up period of 12 months, most of the cases showed radiographic evidence of periapical healing and showed calcific bridges either cervical and/or apical. No significant differences were shown between both groups. CONCLUSIONS The revitalization procedures succeeded to show continued development of roots in teeth with necrotic pulps. The use of PRF was not essential for repair but it helped during the procedures.
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Nabeshima CK, Valdivia JE, Caballero-Flores H, Arana-Chavez VE, Machado MEDL. Immunohistological study of the effect of vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on the angiogenesis of mature root canals in rat molars. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20170437. [PMID: 29791567 PMCID: PMC5953562 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue bioengineering has been applied to Endodontics to seek a more biological treatment. The presence of blood vessels is crucial for cell nutrition during tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber Keiti Nabeshima
- Departamento de Dentística, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - José Edgar Valdivia
- Departamento de Dentística, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Hector Caballero-Flores
- Departamento de Dentística, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Victor Elias Arana-Chavez
- Departamento de Biomateriais e Biologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Galler KM, Widbiller M. Perspectives for Cell-homing Approaches to Engineer Dental Pulp. J Endod 2017; 43:S40-S45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Maniglia-Ferreira C, de Almeida Gomes F, Vitoriano MDM. Intentional Replantation of an Avulsed Immature Permanent Incisor: A Case Report. J Endod 2017; 43:1383-1386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Regenerative Endodontic Procedures: A Perspective from Stem Cell Niche Biology. J Endod 2017; 43:52-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Jia W, Zhao Y, Yang J, Wang W, Wang X, Ling L, Ge L. Simvastatin Promotes Dental Pulp Stem Cell–induced Coronal Pulp Regeneration in Pulpotomized Teeth. J Endod 2016; 42:1049-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Heng BC, Ye X, Liu Y, Dissanayaka WL, Cheung GSP, Zhang C. Effects of Recombinant Overexpression of Bcl2 on the Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Osteogenic/Odontogenic Differentiation Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Endod 2016; 42:575-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Devillard R, Rémy M, Kalisky J, Bourget JM, Kérourédan O, Siadous R, Bareille R, Amédée-Vilamitjana J, Chassande O, Fricain JC. In vitroassessment of a collagen/alginate composite scaffold for regenerative endodontics. Int Endod J 2016; 50:48-57. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Devillard
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; University Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; INSERM; Bordeaux France
- Service d'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale; CHU de Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - M. Rémy
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; University Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; INSERM; Bordeaux France
| | - J. Kalisky
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; University Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; INSERM; Bordeaux France
| | | | - O. Kérourédan
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; University Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; INSERM; Bordeaux France
- Service d'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale; CHU de Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - R. Siadous
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; INSERM; Bordeaux France
| | - R. Bareille
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; INSERM; Bordeaux France
| | | | - O. Chassande
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; University Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; INSERM; Bordeaux France
| | - J.-C. Fricain
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; University Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; INSERM; Bordeaux France
- Service d'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale; CHU de Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
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Tilkorn DJ. Angiogenesis, cell differentiation and cell survival in tissue engineering and cancer research. GMS INTERDISCIPLINARY PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY DGPW 2015; 4:Doc08. [PMID: 26504737 PMCID: PMC4604924 DOI: 10.3205/iprs000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent medical advances lead to a growing demand for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in the future. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine aim to create substitute tissue or restore lost or impaired tissue by combining biological science with engineering techniques, whereas cancer research faces the challenge to identify and hinder aberrant and uncontrolled cell growth. These two seemingly opposing fields of research share fundamental communalities. This review focuses on the shared underlying biological processes. Exploring these mechanisms of tissue growth and homeostasis from different angles will allow for creative novel approaches for both areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Johannes Tilkorn
- Klinik für Plastische, Rekonstruktive und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Handchirurgie, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus, Essen, Germany
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Hilkens P, Meschi N, Lambrechts P, Bronckaers A, Lambrichts I. Dental Stem Cells in Pulp Regeneration: Near Future or Long Road Ahead? Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1610-22. [PMID: 25869156 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although regenerative endodontic procedures have yielded an impressive body of favorable outcomes, the treatment of necrotic immature permanent teeth in particular remains to be a challenge. Recent advances in dental stem cell (DSC) research have gained increasing insight in their regenerative potential and prospective use in the formation of viable dental tissues. Numerous studies have already reported successful dental pulp regeneration following application of dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from the apical papilla, or dental follicle precursor cells in different in vivo models. Next to responsive cells, dental tissue engineering also requires the support of an appropriate scaffold material, ranging from naturally occurring polymers to treated dentin matrix components. However, the routine use and banking of DSCs still holds some major challenges, such as culture-associated differences, patient-related variability, and the effects of culture medium additives. Only in-depth evaluation of these problems and the implementation of standardized models and protocols will effectively lead to better alternatives for patients who no longer benefit from current treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hilkens
- 1 Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University , Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nastaran Meschi
- 2 Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Lambrechts
- 2 Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- 1 Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University , Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- 1 Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University , Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Ferroni L, Gardin C, Sivolella S, Brunello G, Berengo M, Piattelli A, Bressan E, Zavan B. A hyaluronan-based scaffold for the in vitro construction of dental pulp-like tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4666-81. [PMID: 25739081 PMCID: PMC4394441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16034666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp tissue supports the vitality of the tooth, but it is particularly vulnerable to external insults, such as mechanical trauma, chemical irritation or microbial invasion, which can lead to tissue necrosis. In the present work, we present an endodontic regeneration method based on the use of a tridimensional (3D) hyaluronan scaffold and human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to produce a functional dental pulp-like tissue in vitro. An enriched population of DPSCs was seeded onto hyaluronan-based non-woven meshes in the presence of differentiation factors to induce the commitment of stem cells to neuronal, glial, endothelial and osteogenic phenotypes. In vitro experiments, among which were gene expression profiling and immunofluorescence (IF) staining, proved the commitment of DPSCs to the main components of dental pulp tissue. In particular, the hyaluronan-DPSCs construct showed a dental pulp-like morphology consisting of several specialized cells growing inside the hyaluronan fibers. Furthermore, these constructs were implanted into rat calvarial critical-size defects. Histological analyses and gene expression profiling performed on hyaluronan-DPSCs grafts showed the regeneration of osteodentin-like tissue. Altogether, these data suggest the regenerative potential of the hyaluronan-DPSC engineered tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Ferroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale Giuseppe Colombo, 3, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Chiara Gardin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale Giuseppe Colombo, 3, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Stefano Sivolella
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giulia Brunello
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Mario Berengo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Stomatology and Biotechnologies, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Eriberto Bressan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale Giuseppe Colombo, 3, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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17
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McCabe P. Revascularization of an immature tooth with apical periodontitis using a single visit protocol: a case report. Int Endod J 2014; 48:484-97. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. McCabe
- The Oranhill Dental Suite; Oranmore, Co.; Galway Ireland
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18
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Tatullo M, Marrelli M, Shakesheff KM, White LJ. Dental pulp stem cells: function, isolation and applications in regenerative medicine. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 9:1205-16. [PMID: 24850632 DOI: 10.1002/term.1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a promising source of cells for numerous and varied regenerative medicine applications. Their natural function in the production of odontoblasts to create reparative dentin support applications in dentistry in the regeneration of tooth structures. However, they are also being investigated for the repair of tissues outside of the tooth. The ease of isolation of DPSCs from discarded or removed teeth offers a promising source of autologous cells, and their similarities with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) suggest applications in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine. DPSCs are derived from the neural crest and, therefore, have a different developmental origin to BMSCs. These differences from BMSCs in origin and phenotype are being exploited in neurological and other applications. This review briefly highlights the source and functions of DPSCs and then focuses on in vivo applications across the breadth of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tatullo
- Tecnologica Research Institute, Regenerative Medicine Section, St. E. Fermi, Crotone, Italy
| | | | - Kevin M Shakesheff
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Lisa J White
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, UK
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Management of 2 Teeth Diagnosed with Dens Invaginatus with Regenerative Endodontics and Apexification in the Same Patient: A Case Report and Review. J Endod 2014; 40:725-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Single-visit revascularization treatment of an immature permanent tooth with apical periodontitis: A case report. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Neural crest stem cells from dental tissues: a new hope for dental and neural regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:103503. [PMID: 23093977 PMCID: PMC3472918 DOI: 10.1155/2012/103503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several stem cell sources persist in the adult human body, which opens the doors to both allogeneic and autologous cell therapies. Tooth tissues have proven to be a surprisingly rich and accessible source of neural crest-derived ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), which may be employed to repair disease-affected oral tissues in advanced regenerative dentistry. Additionally, one area of medicine that demands intensive research on new sources of stem cells is nervous system regeneration, since this constitutes a therapeutic hope for patients affected by highly invalidating conditions such as spinal cord injury, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases. However, endogenous adult sources of neural stem cells present major drawbacks, such as their scarcity and complicated obtention. In this context, EMSCs from dental tissues emerge as good alternative candidates, since they are preserved in adult human individuals, and retain both high proliferation ability and a neural-like phenotype in vitro. In this paper, we discuss some important aspects of tissue regeneration by cell therapy and point out some advantages that EMSCs provide for dental and neural regeneration. We will finally review some of the latest research featuring experimental approaches and benefits of dental stem cell therapy.
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Abstract
The search for more accessible mesenchymal stem cells than those found in bone marrow has propelled interest in dental tissues. Human dental stem/progenitor cells (collectively termed dental stem cells [DSCs]) that have been isolated and characterized include dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth, stem cells from apical papilla, periodontal ligament stem cells, and dental follicle progenitor cells. Common characteristics of these cell populations are the capacity for self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages. In vitro and animal studies have shown that DSCs can differentiate into osseous, odontogenic, adipose, endothelial, and neural-like tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Sedgley
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, 611 Southwest Campus Drive, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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