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Adelfio M, Bonzanni M, Callen GE, Paster BJ, Hasturk H, Ghezzi CE. A physiologically relevant culture platform for long-term studies of in vitro gingival tissue. Acta Biomater 2023; 167:321-334. [PMID: 37331612 PMCID: PMC10528240 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a clinical need to understand the etiologies of periodontitis, considering the growing socio-economic impact of the disease. Despite recent advances in oral tissue engineering, experimental approaches have failed to develop a physiologically relevant gingival model that combines tissue organization with salivary flow dynamics and stimulation of the shedding and non-shedding oral surfaces. Herein, we develop a dynamic gingival tissue model composed of a silk scaffold, replicating the cyto-architecture and oxygen profile of the human gingiva, along with a saliva-mimicking medium that reflected the ionic composition, viscosity, and non-Newtonian behavior of human saliva. The construct was cultured in a custom designed bioreactor, in which force profiles on the gingival epithelium were modulated through analysis of inlet position, velocity and vorticity to replicate the physiological shear stress of salivary flow. The gingival bioreactor supported the long-term in vivo features of the gingiva and improved the integrity of the epithelial barrier, critical against the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, the challenge of the gingival tissue with P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide, as an in vitro surrogate for microbial interactions, indicated a greater stability of the dynamic model in maintaining tissue homeostasis and, thus, its applicability in long-term studies. The model will be integrated into future studies with the human subgingival microbiome to investigate host-pathogen and host-commensal interactions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The major societal impact of human microbiome had reverberated up to the establishment of the Common Fund's Human Microbiome Project, that has the intent of studying the role of microbial communities in human health and diseases, including periodontitis, atopic dermatitis, or asthma and inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, these chronic diseases are emergent drivers of global socioeconomic status. Not only common oral diseases have been shown to be directly correlated with several systemic conditions, but they are differentially impacting some racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups. To address this growing social disparity, the development of in vitro gingival model would provide a time and cost-effective experimental platform, able to mimic the spectrum of periodontal disease presentation, for the identification of predictive biomarkers for early-stage diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Adelfio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - M Bonzanni
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - G E Callen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - B J Paster
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - H Hasturk
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - C E Ghezzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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2
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Hameed SA, Paul S, Dellosa GKY, Jaraquemada D, Bello MB. Towards the future exploration of mucosal mRNA vaccines against emerging viral diseases; lessons from existing next-generation mucosal vaccine strategies. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:71. [PMID: 35764661 PMCID: PMC9239993 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mRNA vaccine platform has offered the greatest potential in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic owing to rapid development, effectiveness, and scalability to meet the global demand. There are many other mRNA vaccines currently being developed against different emerging viral diseases. As with the current COVID-19 vaccines, these mRNA-based vaccine candidates are being developed for parenteral administration via injections. However, most of the emerging viruses colonize the mucosal surfaces prior to systemic infection making it very crucial to target mucosal immunity. Although parenterally administered vaccines would induce a robust systemic immunity, they often provoke a weak mucosal immunity which may not be effective in preventing mucosal infection. In contrast, mucosal administration potentially offers the dual benefit of inducing potent mucosal and systemic immunity which would be more effective in offering protection against mucosal viral infection. There are however many challenges posed by the mucosal environment which impede successful mucosal vaccination. The development of an effective delivery system remains a major challenge to the successful exploitation of mucosal mRNA vaccination. Nonetheless, a number of delivery vehicles have been experimentally harnessed with different degrees of success in the mucosal delivery of mRNA vaccines. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of mRNA vaccines and summarise their application in the fight against emerging viral diseases with particular emphasis on COVID-19 mRNA platforms. Furthermore, we discuss the prospects and challenges of mucosal administration of mRNA-based vaccines, and we explore the existing experimental studies on mucosal mRNA vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sodiq A. Hameed
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stephane Paul
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Giann Kerwin Y. Dellosa
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Dolores Jaraquemada
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Muhammad Bashir Bello
- grid.412771.60000 0001 2150 5428Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria
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3
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Molecular Mechanisms of Changes in Homeostasis of the Dermal Extracellular Matrix: Both Involutional and Mediated by Ultraviolet Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126655. [PMID: 35743097 PMCID: PMC9223561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is a multi-factorial process that affects nearly every aspect of skin biology and function. With age, an impairment of structures, quality characteristics, and functions of the dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) occurs in the skin, which leads to disrupted functioning of dermal fibroblasts (DFs), the main cells supporting morphofunctional organization of the skin. The DF functioning directly depends on the state of the surrounding collagen matrix (CM). The intact collagen matrix ensures proper adhesion and mechanical tension in DFs, which allows these cells to maintain collagen homeostasis while ECM correctly regulates cellular processes. When the integrity of CM is destroyed, mechanotransduction is disrupted, which is accompanied by impairment of DF functioning and destruction of collagen homeostasis, thereby contributing to the progression of aging processes in skin tissues. This article considers in detail the processes of skin aging and associated changes in the skin layers, as well as the mechanisms of these processes at the molecular level.
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4
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Zorina A, Zorin V, Kudlay D, Kopnin P. Age-Related Changes in the Fibroblastic Differon of the Dermis: Role in Skin Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116135. [PMID: 35682813 PMCID: PMC9181700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is a multi-factorial process that affects nearly every aspect of skin biology and function. The processes developing in the skin during aging are based on fundamental molecular mechanisms associated with fibroblasts, the main cellular population of the dermis. It has been revealed that the amount of fibroblasts decreases markedly with age and their functional activity is also reduced. This inevitably leads to a decrease in the regenerative abilities of the skin and the progression of its aging. In this review we consider the mechanisms underlying these processes, mainly the changes observed with age in the stem/progenitor cells that constitute the fibroblastic differon of the dermis and form their microenvironment (niches). These changes lead to the depletion of stem cells, which, in turn, leads to a decrease in the number of differentiated (mature) dermal fibroblasts responsible for the production of the dermal extracellular matrix and its remodeling. We also describe in detail DNA damages, their cellular and systemic consequences, molecular mechanisms of DNA damage response, and also the role of fibroblast senescence in skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Zorina
- Human Stem Cells Institute, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (V.Z.)
| | - Vadim Zorin
- Human Stem Cells Institute, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (V.Z.)
| | - Dmitry Kudlay
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Pavel Kopnin
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Oncology Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-49-9324-1739
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5
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Mirastschijski U, Jiang D, Rinkevich Y. Genital Wound Repair and Scarring. Med Sci (Basel) 2022; 10:23. [PMID: 35466231 PMCID: PMC9036227 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin wound repair has been the central focus of clinicians and scientists for almost a century. Insights into acute and chronic wound healing as well as scarring have influenced and ameliorated wound treatment. Our knowledge of normal skin notwithstanding, little is known of acute and chronic wound repair of genital skin. In contrast to extra-genital skin, hypertrophic scarring is uncommon in genital tissue. Chronic wound healing disorders of the genitals are mostly confined to mucosal tissue diseases. This article will provide insights into the differences between extra-genital and genital skin with regard to anatomy, physiology and aberrant wound repair. In light of fundamental differences between genital and normal skin, it is recommended that reconstructive and esthetic surgery should exclusively be performed by specialists with profound expertise in genital wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Mirastschijski
- Mira-Beau Gender Esthetics Berlin, 10777 Berlin, Germany
- Wound Repair Unit, CBIB, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Dongsheng Jiang
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377 München, Germany; (D.J.); (Y.R.)
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377 München, Germany; (D.J.); (Y.R.)
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377 München, Germany
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6
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Kabakov L, Nemcovsky CE, Plasmanik-Chor M, Meir H, Bar DZ, Weinberg E. Fibroblasts from the oral masticatory and lining mucosa have different gene expression profiles and proliferation rates. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1393-1401. [PMID: 34409631 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the gene expression profiles and proliferation rates of fibroblasts from the oral lining and masticatory mucosae. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary human fibroblasts were retrieved from the posterior masticatory hard palate and the lining alveolar mucosa of five individuals. The gene expression profile was evaluated using total RNA sequencing. The proliferation rate was determined colorimetrically. RESULTS Substantial differences in specific gene groups and pathways were observed between fibroblasts from the two tissues. Significantly enriched gene ontology processes were focused on the extracellular components. Lining mucosa fibroblasts exhibited significantly higher expression of the principal structural collagens, cranial neural crest markers, and homeobox genes associated with positional memory. Masticatory mucosa fibroblasts showed greater expression of genes related to transforming growth factor-β signalling, which may be associated with fibrosis. In addition, they expressed higher levels of the EP2 prostaglandin E2 receptor and Toll-like receptor 1. Finally, masticatory mucosa fibroblasts exhibited a 10%-30% higher proliferation rate. CONCLUSIONS Fibroblasts from the lining and masticatory oral mucosae are phenotypically heterogeneous, presenting distinct gene expression profiles and proliferation rates. These features may contribute to their specific physiological functions and have relevance for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Kabakov
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Carlos E Nemcovsky
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Metsada Plasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Haya Meir
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Z Bar
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Evgeny Weinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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7
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Bryja A, Sujka-Kordowska P, Konwerska A, Ciesiółka S, Wieczorkiewicz M, Bukowska D, Antosik P, Bryl R, Skowroński MT, Jaśkowski JM, Mozdziak P, Angelova Volponi A, Shibli JA, Kempisty B, Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska M. New Gene Markers Involved in Molecular Processes of Tissue Repair, Response to Wounding and Regeneration Are Differently Expressed in Fibroblasts from Porcine Oral Mucosa during Long-Term Primary Culture. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111938. [PMID: 33105567 PMCID: PMC7690285 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Wound healing and vascularization mechanisms are key steps in the complex morphological process of tissue reconstruction. Additionally, these processes in the oral cavity are more rapid than in the skin and result in less scar formation. Epithelial cells and fibroblasts play an important role in the process of wound healing. In our study, we focused on fibroblasts and monitored changes in gene expression during their in vitro culture. Based on the analysis, we distinguished three groups of processes that play important roles in tissue regeneration: response to wounding, wound healing and vascularization. We identified genes that were involved in all three processes. These genes could be selected as tissue specific repair markers for oral fibroblasts. Abstract The mechanisms of wound healing and vascularization are crucial steps of the complex morphological process of tissue reconstruction. In addition to epithelial cells, fibroblasts play an important role in this process. They are characterized by dynamic proliferation and they form the stroma for epithelial cells. In this study, we have used primary cultures of oral fibroblasts, obtained from porcine buccal mucosa. Cells were maintained long-term in in vitro conditions, in order to investigate the expression profile of the molecular markers involved in wound healing and vascularization. Based on the Affymetrix assays, we have observed three ontological groups of markers as wound healing group, response to wounding group and vascularization group, represented by different genes characterized by their expression profile during long-term primary in vitro culture (IVC) of porcine oral fibroblasts. Following the analysis of gene expression in three previously identified groups of genes, we have identified that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), ITGB3, PDPN, and ETS1 are involved in all three processes, suggesting that these genes could be recognized as markers of repair specific for oral fibroblasts within the porcine mucosal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Bryja
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (R.B.); (M.D.-K.)
| | - Patrycja Sujka-Kordowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (P.S.-K.); (A.K.); (S.C.)
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Aneta Konwerska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (P.S.-K.); (A.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Sylwia Ciesiółka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (P.S.-K.); (A.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Maria Wieczorkiewicz
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (D.B.); (J.M.J.)
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Rut Bryl
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (R.B.); (M.D.-K.)
| | - Mariusz T. Skowroński
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Jędrzej M. Jaśkowski
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (D.B.); (J.M.J.)
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Ana Angelova Volponi
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King’s College University of London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
| | - Jamil A. Shibli
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, University of Guarulhos, Guarulhos SP 07030-010, Brazil;
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (R.B.); (M.D.-K.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (P.S.-K.); (A.K.); (S.C.)
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-8546418
| | - Marta Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (R.B.); (M.D.-K.)
- Department of Biomaterials and Experimental Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
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Kamaguchi M, Iwata H, Ujiie H, Natsuga K, Nishie W, Kitagawa Y, Shimizu H. High Expression of Collagen XVII Compensates for its Depletion Induced by Pemphigoid IgG in the Oral Mucosa. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1707-1715. [PMID: 29530535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The basement membrane zone consists of multiple components, including collagen XVII (COL17), which is the target of bullous pemphigoid. To our knowledge, no research has addressed the differences in basement membrane zone components between the skin and oral mucosa; therefore, we investigated the basement membrane zone proteins, with a focus on COL17. The mRNA and protein expression levels of COL17 were significantly higher in oral keratinocytes than in skin keratinocytes. Hemidesmosomal COL17 expression was markedly higher in oral keratinocytes than in skin keratinocytes, and its level was associated with adhesion strength. Oral keratinocytes adhered to the extracellular matrix more tightly than did skin keratinocytes in vitro. Based on these results, we attempt to explain the clinical diversity of bullous pemphigoid. COL17 depletion was more prominent in skin keratinocytes than in oral keratinocytes after treatment with COL17-NC16A mAbs, which have in vivo pathogenicity. COL17 C-terminus mAbs, which are not pathogenic, facilitated COL17 depletion in combination treatment with COL17-NC16A mAbs in both types of keratinocytes. In summary, the greater amount of COL17 in oral keratinocytes than in skin keratinocytes is associated with the higher strength of oral keratinocyte hemidesmosomal adhesion at the basement membrane zone. Our results may explain why bullous pemphigoid blistering tends to be more prevalent in the skin than in the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Kamaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iwata
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Ujiie
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken Natsuga
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Nishie
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kitagawa
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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9
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Davies LC, Board-Davies E, Shamlou B, Boberg E, Garming-Legert K, Le Blanc K. Stromal progenitor cell modulation by thalidomide in the treatment of oral chronic graft-versus-host disease. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:755-758. [PMID: 29580863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.02.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay C Davies
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Berfin Shamlou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Boberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Divisions of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Katarina Le Blanc
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Divisions of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Garzón I, Serrato D, Roda O, Del Carmen Sánchez-Quevedo M, González-Jaranay M, Moreu G, Nieto-Aguilar R, Alaminos M, Campos A. In vitro Cytokeratin Expression Profiling of Human Oral Mucosa Substitutes Developed by Tissue Engineering. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 32:711-9. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880903201002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work we performed a study of cytokeratin (CK) expression profiling on human artificial oral mucosa developed in vitro by tissue engineering at different stages of maturation (from immature to well-developed stages) at the protein and mRNA levels. Human artificial oral mucosa was generated in the laboratory using fibrin-agarose biomaterials. As controls, we used human native normal oral mucosa and embryonic oral tissues. Our results demonstrated that human embryonic oral tissues tended to express CK8 and CK19. In contrast, monolayered bioengineered oral mucosa did not show any CK expression by immunohistochemistry whereas bilayered and multilayered artificial oral mucosa showed several markers of stratified epithelia, but did not express CK10. These results suggest that the CK expression pattern is strongly dependent on the maturation state of the artificial tissues and that the CK expression profile of our model of artificial oral mucosa was partially similar to that of the non-keratinized human adult oral mucosa. However, the expression of CK8 by the artificial oral mucosa suggests that these samples correspond to an early stage of development while kept in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Garzón
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada - Spain
| | - Deyanira Serrato
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada - Spain
| | - Olga Roda
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada - Spain
| | | | - Maximino González-Jaranay
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, Granada - Spain
| | - Gerardo Moreu
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, Granada - Spain
| | - Renato Nieto-Aguilar
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada - Spain
| | - Miguel Alaminos
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada - Spain
| | - Antonio Campos
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada - Spain
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11
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Abstract
Mammalian teeth harbour mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which contribute to tooth growth and repair. These dental MSCs possess many in vitro features of bone marrow-derived MSCs, including clonogenicity, expression of certain markers, and following stimulation, differentiation into cells that have the characteristics of osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Teeth and their support tissues provide not only an easily accessible source of MSCs but also a tractable model system to study their function and properties in vivo In addition, the accessibility of teeth together with their clinical relevance provides a valuable opportunity to test stem cell-based treatments for dental disorders. This Review outlines some recent discoveries in dental MSC function and behaviour and discusses how these and other advances are paving the way for the development of new biologically based dental therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Sharpe
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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12
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Koivisto L, Heino J, Häkkinen L, Larjava H. Integrins in Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2014; 3:762-783. [PMID: 25493210 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2013.0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Regulation of cell adhesions during tissue repair is fundamentally important for cell migration, proliferation, and protein production. All cells interact with extracellular matrix proteins with cell surface integrin receptors that convey signals from the environment into the nucleus, regulating gene expression and cell behavior. Integrins also interact with a variety of other proteins, such as growth factors, their receptors, and proteolytic enzymes. Re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation are crucially dependent on the temporospatial function of multiple integrins. This review explains how integrins function in wound repair. Recent Advances: Certain integrins can activate latent transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) that modulates wound inflammation and granulation tissue formation. Dysregulation of TGF-β1 function is associated with scarring and fibrotic disorders. Therefore, these integrins represent targets for therapeutic intervention in fibrosis. Critical Issues: Integrins have multifaceted functions and extensive crosstalk with other cell surface receptors and molecules. Moreover, in aberrant healing, integrins may assume different functions, further increasing the complexity of their functionality. Discovering and understanding the role that integrins play in wound healing provides an opportunity to identify the mechanisms for medical conditions, such as excessive scarring, chronic wounds, and even cancer. Future Directions: Integrin functions in acute and chronic wounds should be further addressed in models better mimicking human wounds. Application of any products in acute or chronic wounds will potentially alter integrin functions that need to be carefully considered in the design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeni Koivisto
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jyrki Heino
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lari Häkkinen
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hannu Larjava
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Matsumura S, Higa K, Igarashi T, Takaichi S, Tonogi M, Shinozaki N, Shimazaki J, Yamane GY. Characterization of mesenchymal progenitor cell populations from non-epithelial oral mucosa. Oral Dis 2014; 21:361-72. [PMID: 25180458 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The characteristics of cell populations extracted from oral mucosal non-epithelial tissues and their ability to differentiate were evaluated in vitro as a potential source of cells for mandibular and corneal regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral mucosal non-epithelial cells (OMNECs) were extracted from tissue samples and were studied by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. Cells differentiating into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, neurocytes, or keratocytes were characterized by RT-PCR and cell staining. RESULTS OMNECs expressed CD44, CD90, CD105, CD166, and STRO-1 antigens, which are markers for mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, Oct3/4, c-Myc, Nanog, KLF4, and Rex, which are expressed by embryonic or pluripotent stem cells, were detected by RT-PCR. Expression of CD49d, CD56, and PDGFRα, proteins closely associated with the neural crest, was observed in OMNECs, as was expression of Twist1, Sox9, Snail1 and Snail2, which are early neural crest and neural markers. Specific differentiation markers were expressed in OMNECs after differentiation into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, or keratocytes. CONCLUSIONS Populations of OMNECs may contain both mesenchymal stem cells and neural crest origin cells and are a potential cell source for autologous regeneration of mandibular or corneal stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matsumura
- Department of Oral Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
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Blaber EA, Dvorochkin N, Torres ML, Yousuf R, Burns BP, Globus RK, Almeida EAC. Mechanical unloading of bone in microgravity reduces mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cell-mediated tissue regeneration. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:181-201. [PMID: 25011075 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical loading of mammalian tissues is a potent promoter of tissue growth and regeneration, whilst unloading in microgravity can cause reduced tissue regeneration, possibly through effects on stem cell tissue progenitors. To test the specific hypothesis that mechanical unloading alters differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cell lineages, we studied cellular and molecular aspects of how bone marrow in the mouse proximal femur responds to unloading in microgravity. Trabecular and cortical endosteal bone surfaces in the femoral head underwent significant bone resorption in microgravity, enlarging the marrow cavity. Cells isolated from the femoral head marrow compartment showed significant down-regulation of gene expression markers for early mesenchymal and hematopoietic differentiation, including FUT1(-6.72), CSF2(-3.30), CD90(-3.33), PTPRC(-2.79), and GDF15(-2.45), but not stem cell markers, such as SOX2. At the cellular level, in situ histological analysis revealed decreased megakaryocyte numbers whilst erythrocytes were increased 2.33 fold. Furthermore, erythrocytes displayed elevated fucosylation and clustering adjacent to sinuses forming the marrow-blood barrier, possibly providing a mechanistic basis for explaining spaceflight anemia. Culture of isolated bone marrow cells immediately after microgravity exposure increased the marrow progenitor's potential for mesenchymal differentiation into in-vitro mineralized bone nodules, and hematopoietic differentiation into osteoclasts, suggesting an accumulation of undifferentiated progenitors during exposure to microgravity. These results support the idea that mechanical unloading of mammalian tissues in microgravity is a strong inhibitor of tissue growth and regeneration mechanisms, acting at the level of early mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Blaber
- School of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - N Dvorochkin
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - M L Torres
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - R Yousuf
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - B P Burns
- School of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - R K Globus
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - E A C Almeida
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.
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Glim JE, van Egmond M, Niessen FB, Everts V, Beelen RHJ. Detrimental dermal wound healing: what can we learn from the oral mucosa? Wound Repair Regen 2013; 21:648-60. [PMID: 23927738 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wounds in adults are frequently accompanied by scar formation. This scar can become fibrotic due to an imbalance between extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and ECM degradation. Oral mucosal wounds, however, heal in an accelerated fashion, displaying minimal scar formation. The exact mechanisms of scarless oral healing are yet to be revealed. This review highlights possible mechanisms involved in the difference between scar-forming dermal vs. scarless oral mucosal wound healing. Differences were found in expression of ECM components, such as procollagen I and tenascin-C. Oral wounds contained fewer immune mediators, blood vessels, and profibrotic mediators but had more bone marrow-derived cells, a higher reepithelialization rate, and faster proliferation of fibroblasts compared with dermal wounds. These results form a basis for further research that should be focused on the relations among ECM, immune cells, growth factors, and fibroblast phenotypes, as understanding scarless oral mucosal healing may ultimately lead to novel therapeutic strategies to prevent fibrotic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Glim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Häkkinen L, Larjava H, Koivisto L. Granulation tissue formation and remodeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhang QZ, Nguyen AL, Yu WH, Le AD. Human oral mucosa and gingiva: a unique reservoir for mesenchymal stem cells. J Dent Res 2012; 91:1011-8. [PMID: 22988012 DOI: 10.1177/0022034512461016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a heterogeneous population of progenitor cells with self-renewal and multipotent differentiation potential. Aside from their regenerative role, extensive in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that MSCs are capable of potent immunomodulatory effects on a variety of innate and adaptive immune cells. In this article, we will review recent experimental studies on the characterization of a unique population of MSCs derived from human oral mucosa and gingiva, especially their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions and their application in the treatment of several in vivo models of inflammatory diseases. The ease of isolation, accessible tissue source, and rapid ex vivo expansion, with maintenance of stable stem-cell-like phenotypes, render oral mucosa- and gingiva-derived MSCs a promising alternative cell source for MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Z Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, Penn Dental Medicine and Penn Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Scheller EL, Baldwin CM, Kuo S, D'Silva NJ, Feinberg SE, Krebsbach PH, Edwards PC. Bisphosphonates inhibit expression of p63 by oral keratinocytes. J Dent Res 2011; 90:894-9. [PMID: 21551338 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511407918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), a side-effect of bisphosphonate therapy, is characterized by exposed bone that fails to heal within eight weeks. Healing time of oral epithelial wounds is decreased in the presence of amino-bisphosphonates; however, the mechanism remains unknown. We examined human tissue from individuals with ONJ and non-bisphosphonate-treated control individuals to identify changes in oral epithelium and connective tissue. Oral and intravenous bisphosphonate-treated ONJ sites had reduced numbers of basal epithelial progenitor cells, as demonstrated by a 13.8±1.1% and 31.9±5.8% reduction of p63 expression, respectively. No significant differences in proliferation rates, vessel density, or macrophage number were noted. In vitro treatment of clonal and primary oral keratinocytes with zoledronic acid (ZA) inhibited p63, and expression was rescued by the addition of mevalonate pathway intermediates. In addition, both ZA treatment and p63 shRNA knock-down impaired formation of 3D Ex Vivo Produced Oral Mucosa Equivalents (EVPOME) and closure of an in vitro scratch assay. Analysis of our data suggests that bisphosphonate treatment may delay oral epithelial healing by interfering with p63-positive progenitor cells in the basal layer of the oral epithelium in a mevalonate-pathway-dependent manner. This delay in healing may increase the likelihood of osteonecrosis developing in already-compromised bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Scheller
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Analysis of cell characterization using cell surface markers in the dermis. J Dermatol Sci 2011; 62:98-106. [PMID: 21382697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, it has been reported that stem cells exist in the mesenchymal tissues of the bone marrow and adipose. These stem cells are thought to express specific cell surface markers such as CD44, CD54, CD105, CD90, and CD271 and have been confirmed to be pluripotent. Furthermore, although it has been reported that stem cells are also present in the dermis, their cell surface markers and characteristics are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To confirm the presence of stem cells in the dermis and their ability, employing the mesenchymal stem cell markers which have previously been reported as an indication. METHODS We analyzed the percentages of CD44 (+), CD54 (+), CD90 (+), CD105 (+), and CD271 (+) cells in the dermis of neonatal mice (HR-1 mouse) by performing immunostaining and FACS. Secondly, we isolated each type of marker-positive and -negative cells from dermal tissues and evaluated their proliferation potential and their ability to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. RESULTS According to the immunostaining and FACS results, we confirmed that stem cells that express CD44, CD54, CD90, CD105, and CD271 are present in the dermal tissues of neonatal mice. In addition, when we measured the proliferation and differentiation potentials of each type of marker-positive cells, it was revealed that cells expressing CD54 or CD271 have a high proliferation potential and are able to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that dermal tissues contain stem cells that express CD44, CD54, CD90, CD105, and CD271 which are stem cell markers. More precisely, it was suggested that both CD54 (+) and CD271 (+) stem cells have high proliferation and differentiation potentials.
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Verstappen J, Katsaros C, Torensma R, Von den Hoff JW. Bone marrow-derived cells in palatal wound healing. Oral Dis 2011; 16:788-94. [PMID: 20561221 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01689.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myofibroblasts are responsible for contraction and scarring after cleft palate repair. This leads to growth disturbances in the upper jaw. We hypothesized that cells from the bone marrow are recruited to palatal wounds and differentiate into myofibroblasts. METHODS We transplanted bone marrow from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic rats into lethally irradiated wild-type rats. After recovery, experimental wounds were made in the palatal mucoperiosteum, and harvested 2 weeks later. GFP-expressing cells were identified using immunostaining. Myofibroblasts, activated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and myeloid cells were quantified with specific markers. RESULTS After transplantation, 89 ± 8.9% of mononuclear cells in the blood expressed the GFP and about 50% of adherent cells in the bone marrow. Tissue obtained during initial wounding contained only minor numbers of GFP-positive cells, like adjacent control tissue. Following wound healing, 8.1 ± 5.1% of all cells in the wound area were positive, and 5.0 ± 4.0% of the myofibroblasts, which was significantly higher than in adjacent tissue. Similar percentages were found for activated fibroblasts and endothelial cells, but for myeloid cells it was considerably higher (22 ± 9%). CONCLUSIONS Bone marrow-derived cells contribute to palatal wound healing, but are not the main source of myofibroblasts. In small wounds, the local precursor cells are probably sufficient to replenish the defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Verstappen
- Department of Orthodontics and Oral Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Davies LC, Locke M, Webb RDJ, Roberts JT, Langley M, Thomas DW, Archer CW, Stephens P. A multipotent neural crest-derived progenitor cell population is resident within the oral mucosa lamina propria. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:819-30. [PMID: 20132052 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds within the oral mucosa, similarly to fetal wounds, exhibit rapid healing with reduced scarring. We hypothesized that a progenitor population resident within the oral mucosal lamina propria (OMLP) contributes to this preferential healing. Progenitor cells (PC) were reliably isolated from the OMLP by differential adhesion to fibronectin. Isolated colonies originating from a single cell demonstrated a rapid initial phase of proliferation, completing in excess of 50 population doublings (PDs) before entering cellular senescence. These data were supported by the expression of active telomerase within both developing colonies and expanded clones as assessed by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and the quantitative telomeric repeat amplification protocol. FACS analysis confirmed expression of the stem cell markers CD44, CD90, CD105, and CD166, but negative expression of CD34 and CD45 ruling out a hematopoietic or fibrocyte origin for these progenitors. A neural crest origin was confirmed by increased colony-forming efficiency (CFE) in the presence of Jagged 1 and the expression of a number of neural crest markers within the developing colonies by ICC and serially passaged clones by Western blotting. The multipotency of this novel PC population was demonstrated by differentiation of the cells down both mesenchymal (chondrogenic, osteoblastic, and adipogenic) and neuronal (neuron and Schwann-like cells) cell lineages. This article reports for the first time, the isolation and characterization of a novel, clonally derived PC population resident within the OMLP. The attributes of this adult stem cell (ASC) population and its accessibility lends itself to future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay C Davies
- Wound Biology Group, Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
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Mitrano TI, Grob MS, Carrión F, Nova-Lamperti E, Luz PA, Fierro FS, Quintero A, Chaparro A, Sanz A. Culture and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from human gingival tissue. J Periodontol 2010; 81:917-25. [PMID: 20450355 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.090566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a recent therapeutic modality that has several advantages. MSCs have high proliferation potential and may be manipulated to permit differentiation before being transplanted, suggesting they may be an ideal candidate for regenerative procedures. Precise identification of cells capable of regenerating the periodontium is valuable because no predictable regeneration procedure has yet been described. The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of MSCs in human gingival connective tissue and their morphologic and functional characteristics. METHODS Gingival connective tissue samples were obtained from five healthy students. The samples were deepithelialized, leaving only connective tissue. The explants were minced and cultured on tissue culture dishes for 3 to 4 weeks, after which cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Differentiation into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages was induced and evaluated by culture staining. An immunoregulation assay was also performed. RESULTS The results show that gingival tissue cells fulfill the minimal criteria proposed by the International Society for Cellular Therapy to be defined as MSCs. Cell characterization was consistently positive for CD90, CD105, CD73, CD44, and CD13 markers and negative for hematopoietic markers CD34, CD38, CD45, and CD54. We observed differentiation in positive staining of adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages. Furthermore, gingival cells showed immunomodulative capacity. CONCLUSION Gingival connective tissue could be a reservoir of MSCs that could be used in regenerative procedures based on tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas I Mitrano
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Andes, Avenue San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Santiago, Chile
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Lindsay SL, Riddell JS, Barnett SC. Olfactory mucosa for transplant-mediated repair: A complex tissue for a complex injury? Glia 2010; 58:125-34. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.20917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Isolation and differentiation of nestin positive cells from rat oral mucosal lamina propria. Differentiation 2009; 79:9-14. [PMID: 19762142 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite successes in the isolation and characterization of stem cells from the oral mucosal epithelium, there have been few studies on progenitor cells from the oral mucosal lamina propria. In this study, we isolate rat oral mucosal lamina propria cells (OMLPC) using nestin as a marker in an immunomagnetic sorting technique. The OMLPCs was negative for cytokeratin. Nestin and vimentin were expressed in the OMLPCs. And CD44 and STRO-1 were expressed in a subset of the OMLPCs, which suggest that the nestin positive OMLPCs be heterogeneous. Otherwise, OMLPCs express Oct4, which is a critical gene for pluripotency. The OMLPCs proliferated actively in vitro. A colony forming study demonstrated that OMLPCs exhibited colony-generating capacity. When cultured in defined medium, OMLPCs generated cells characteristic of osteoblast, adipocyte and astrocyte-like cells. In addition, OMLPCs seeded into three dimensional scaffolds form bone-like structures in vivo after 8 weeks. All of the results demonstrate that OMLPCs are a population of mesenchymal progenitor cells existing in rat oral mucosal lamina propria. Nestin is shown to be a useful molecular marker for these cells. In certain environments, OMLPCs can form hard tissue. Thus, OMLPCs may serve as a suitable source of cells for future bone or tooth tissue engineering applications.
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