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Guimarães EMC, Carvalho NDM, Schneider CH, Feldberg E, Gross MC. Karyotypic Comparison of Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) (Characiformes, Erythrinidae) in Central Amazon. Zebrafish 2017; 14:80-89. [PMID: 28129102 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hoplias malabaricus comprises seven karyomorphs (A-G) and evolutionary units have been described in some of them. In this study, the karyotypic composition and genomic organization of individual H. malabaricus from Central Amazon are described and to verify whether they can be classified according to known karyomorphs. Individuals from the Ducke Reserve have 2n = 42 chromosomes, similar to karyomorph A. Individuals from Catalão Lake and Marchantaria Island exhibit 2n = 40 chromosomes, similar to karyomorph C. Regarding the constitutive heterochromatin, individuals from all locations present centromeric/pericentromeric blocks, in addition to some bitelomeric and interstitial markings. The number of chromosomes with nucleolar organizer region, 5S rDNA and 18S rDNA sites varied among the different locations. The Rex 3 element has a compartmentalized distribution at the terminal and centromeric regions of most chromosomes, with subtle differences among populations. Fluorescence in situ hybridization performed with a telomeric probe allowed the detection of these regions only at the terminal ends of the chromosomes. Thus, only the chromosomal macrostructure (karyomorphs A-G) is not sufficient to establish evolutionary units within the H. malabaricus group, considering differences in the genome organization that are found among their populations. Such differences in the genomic organization could be mainly caused by the sedentary habits of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Milena Corrêa Guimarães
- 1 Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Citogenômica Animal, Universidade Federal do Amazonas , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Natália Dayane Moura Carvalho
- 1 Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Citogenômica Animal, Universidade Federal do Amazonas , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Schneider
- 1 Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Citogenômica Animal, Universidade Federal do Amazonas , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- 2 Laboratório de Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia , Manaus, Brazil
| | - Maria Claudia Gross
- 1 Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Citogenômica Animal, Universidade Federal do Amazonas , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Manaus, Brazil
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2
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Gornung E. Twenty years of physical mapping of major ribosomal RNA genes across the teleosts: A review of research. Cytogenet Genome Res 2013; 141:90-102. [PMID: 24080951 DOI: 10.1159/000354832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular cytogenetic data on the number and position of 45S ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA; located in nucleolus organizing regions, NORs) detected by FISH in 330 species of 77 families and 22 orders of bony fishes (Teleostei) and, additionally, 11 species of basal ray-finned fishes are compiled and analyzed. The portion of species with single rDNA sites in the sample amounts to 72%. The percentage of species with multiple NORs decreases with increasing numbers of rDNA loci per genome, i.e. scarcely 3% of species carry 4 or more rDNA-bearing chromosome pairs. 43% of all rDNA sites analyzed occur terminally on the short arms of chromosomes or constitute them. In general, terminal rDNA sites account for 87% of all examined cases. Interspecific variation in the location of single rDNA sites among related taxa, polymorphisms of multiple NORs in some groups of teleosts and analytical outcomes on the subject are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gornung
- 'Charles Darwin' Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
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Rossi AR, Milana V, Hett AK, Tancioni L. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of the Appenine endemic cyprinid fish Squalius lucumonis and three other Italian leuciscines using chromosome banding and FISH with rDNA probes. Genetica 2012; 140:469-76. [PMID: 23238894 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-012-9695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Karyotype and other chromosomal characteristics of the Appenine endemic cyprinid fish, Toscana stream chub Squalius lucumonis, were analysed using conventional banding and FISH with 45S and 5S rDNA probes. The diploid chromosome number (2n = 50) and karyotype characteristics including pericentromeric heterochromatic blocks and GC-rich CMA(3)-positive sites corresponding to both positive Ag-NORs and 45S rDNA loci on the short arms of a single medium-sized submetacentric chromosome pair were consistent with those found in most European leuciscine cyprinids. On other hand, 5S rDNA FISH in the Toscana stream chub and three other Italian leuciscines, S. squalus, Rutilus rubilio and Telestes muticellus, revealed a species-specific hybridization pattern, i.e. signals on four (S. lucumonis), three (S. squalus and R. rubilio) and two (T. muticellus) chromosome pairs. Whereas all the species shared the 5S rDNA loci on the largest subtelocentric chromosome pair, a "leuciscine" cytotaxonomic marker, S. lucumonis showed both classes of rDNA loci tandem aligned on the short arms of chromosome pair No. 12. The present findings suggest that the observed high variability of 5S rDNA loci provides a powerful tool for investigation of karyotype differentiation in karyologically conservative leuciscine fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology C. Darwin, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Hett AK, Nirchio M, Oliveira C, Siccha ZR, Rossi AR, Sola L. Karyotype characterization of Mugil incilis Hancock, 1830 (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae), including a description of an unusual co-localization of major and minor ribosomal genes in the family. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252011005000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the description of the karyotype of Mugil incilis from Venezuela. The chromosome complement is composed of 48 acrocentric chromosomes, which uniformly decrease in size. Therefore, the homologues can not be clearly identified, with the exception of one of the largest chromosome pairs, classified as number 1, whose homologues may show a subcentromeric secondary constriction, and of chromosome pair number 24, which is considerably smaller than the others. C-banding showed heterochromatic blocks at the centromeric/pericentromeric regions of all chromosomes, which were more conspicuous on chromosomes 1, given the C-positive signals include the secondary constrictions. AgNO3 and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with 45S rDNA demonstrated that the nucleolus organizer regions are indeed located on the secondary constrictions of chromosome pair number 1. FISH with 5S rDNA revealed that the minor ribosomal genes are located on this same chromosome pair, near the NORs, though signals are closer to the centromeres and of smaller size, compared to those of the major ribosomal gene clusters. This is the first description of co-localization of major and minor ribosomal genes in the family. Data are discussed from a cytotaxonomic and phylogenetic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Nirchio
- Universidad de Oriente, Isla de Margarita, Venezuela
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Mani I, Kumar R, Singh M, Kushwaha B, Nagpure NS, Srivastava PK, Murmu K, Rao DSK, Lakra WS. Karyotypic diversity and evolution of seven mahseer species (Cyprinidae) from India. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2009; 75:1079-1091. [PMID: 20738599 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mahseer is a group of fish species that are well known as food and game fishes. The taxonomy of the mahseer species is confusing owing to the morphological variations and habitat adaptation. Detailed karyomorphological investigations have been carried out in seven species of mahseer, using karyotyping, Ag-NOR and fluorescent staining techniques. The basic diploid chromosome number (2n), in all mahseer species, was observed to be 100; however, the karyotype formula varied among the species, which were recorded as: 20m + 14sm + 22st + 44t (fundamental arm number, FN = 134) in Tor khudree; 22m + 24sm + 24st + 30t (FN = 146) in Tor mussullah; 12m + 22sm + 14st + 52t (FN = 134) in Tor putitora; 20m + 24sm + 24st + 32t (FN = 144) in Tor tor; 20m + 30sm + 24st + 26t (FN = 150) in Tor chelynoides; 20m + 20sm + 20st + 40t (FN = 140) in Tor progeneius; and 20m + 18sm + 14st + 48t (FN = 138) in Neolissochilus hexagonolepis. Silver staining of the chromosomes revealed the presence of multiple nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) in these mahseer species. The highest number of NORs was observed in T. tor (four pairs of chromosomes), whereas the other six species possessed Ag-NOR signals on only two pairs of chromosomes. Although chromomycin A(3) (CMA(3)) staining induced bright fluorescence signals on same Ag-NORs sites, with CMA(3), one additional signal was observed on the p arm of subtelocentric chromosomes in T. tor, T. chelynoides, T. progeneius and N. hexagonolepis, which may indicate the presence of inactive NOR in these species. The information on cytogenetic profile of these mahseer species is discussed in the light of cytotaxonomic implications and understanding the karyoevolution of these fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mani
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow-226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Nirchio M, Oliveira C, Ferreira IA, Martins C, Rossi AR, Sola L. Classical and molecular cytogenetic characterization of Agonostomus monticola, a primitive species of Mugilidae (Mugiliformes). Genetica 2008; 135:1-5. [PMID: 18330712 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-008-9256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the first description of the karyotype of Agonostomus monticola, a species belonging to a genus which is considered to be the most primitive among living mugilid fish. Specimens from Panama and Venezuela were cytogenetically analysed by conventional chromosome banding (Ag and base-specific-fluorochrome staining, C-banding) and by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Agonostomus monticola showed a chromosome complement of 2n = 48, composed of 23 acrocentric and one subtelocentric chromosome pairs and a pericentromeric distribution of the C-positive heterochromatin in all chromosomes. Major ribosomal genes were found to be located on the short arms of the subtelocentric chromosome pair number 24 and minor ribosomal genes in a paracentromeric position of a single medium-sized chromosome pair. All these observed cytogenetic features are similar to those previously described in four representatives of two genera, Liza and Chelon, which are considered to be among the most advanced in the family. Thus, this karyotypic form might represent the plesiomorphic condition for the mullets. This hypothesis regarding the plesiomorphic condition, if confirmed, would shed new light on the previously inferred cytotaxonomic relationships for the studied species of Mugilidae, because the karyotype with 48 acrocentric chromosomes, which has been so far regarded as primitive for the family, would have to be considered as derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Nirchio
- Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar, Universidad de Oriente, Boca de Rio, Venezuela
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Ghigliotti L, Mazzei F, Ozouf-Costaz C, Christiansen JS, Fevolden SE, Pisano E. First cytogenetic characterization of the sub-arctic marine fish Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776), Osmeriformes, Osmeridae. Genet Mol Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572008000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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8
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Diniz D, Moreira-Filho O, Bertollo LAC. Molecular cytogenetics and characterization of a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system in Triportheus nematurus (Characiformes, Characidae). Genetica 2007; 133:85-91. [PMID: 17705059 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-007-9187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomes of Triportheus nematurus, a fish species from family Characidae, were analyzed in order to establish the conventional karyotype, location of C-band positive heterochromatin, Ag-NORs, GC- and AT-rich sites, and mapping of 18S and 5S rDNA with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The diploid number found was 2n = 52 chromosomes in both males and females. However, the females presented a pair of differentiated heteromorphic chromosomes, characterizing a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system. The Z chromosome was metacentric and the largest one in the karyotype, bearing C-positive heterochromatin at pericentromeric and telomeric regions. The W chromosome was middle-sized submetacentric, appearing mostly heterochromatic after C-banding and presenting heterogeneous heterochromatin composed of GC- and AT-rich regions revealed by fluorochrome staining. Ag-NORs were also GC-rich and surrounded by heterochromatic regions, being located at the secondary constriction on the short arms of the second chromosome pair, in agreement with 18S rDNA sites detected with FISH. The 18S and 5S rDNA were aligned in tandem, representing an uncommon situation in fishes. The results obtained reinforce the basal condition of the ZZ/ZW sex system in the genus Triportheus, probably arisen prior to speciation in the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Diniz
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
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Cross I, Merlo A, Manchado M, Infante C, Cañavate JP, Rebordinos L. Cytogenetic characterization of the sole Solea senegalensis (Teleostei: Pleuronectiformes: Soleidae): Ag-NOR, (GATA)n, (TTAGGG)n and ribosomal genes by one-color and two-color FISH. Genetica 2007; 128:253-9. [PMID: 17028955 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-005-5928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Accepted: 12/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A cytogenetic analysis of the sole Solea senegalensis was carried out using silver staining for the nucleolus organizer region (Ag-NOR) identification, one-color FISH for chromosomal mapping of 45S and 5S ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs), (GATA)n, and (TTAGGG)n, and two-color FISH for co-localization of both rDNAs. The Ag-NORs and the 45S rDNA were mapped to a medium-sized submetacentric chromosomal pair. Hybridization with the 5S rDNA showed a major signal on the short arm of a medium-sized submetacentric chromosome pair and a minor signal on a centromeric site of a small acrocentric chromosome pair. Differences in the Ag-NOR and 45S and 5S rDNAs FISH signal sizes were observed between homologous chromosomes and among individuals. A two-color FISH co-localized 45S and 5S rDNAs to a medium-sized submetacentric chromosomal pair. The hybridization with the telomeric (TTAGGG)n repeat displayed small signals at all chromosomal telomeres. Finally, the (GATA)n probe produced dispersed and small hybridization signals on all chromosome spreads, showing its ubiquitous existence in the genome. These results were compared with those from other Pleuronectiformes and discussed in terms of karyotype evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Cross
- Laboratorio de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Polígono del río San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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10
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Boroń A, Ozouf-Costaz C, Coutanceau JP, Woroniecka K. Gene mapping of 28S and 5S rDNA sites in the spined loach Cobitis taenia (Pisces, Cobitidae) from a diploid population and a diploid-tetraploid population. Genetica 2007; 128:71-9. [PMID: 16541297 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-005-5536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Accepted: 11/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We compare the chromosomal 28S and 5S rDNA patterns of the spined loach C. taenia (2n = 48) from an exclusively diploid population and from a diploid-polyploid population using 28S and 5S rDNA probe preparation and labelling, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The 5S rDNA was located in two to three chromosome pairs, and separated from the 28S loci for the males and one female (F1) from the diploid population. Loaches from a diploid-polyploid population, and one female (F2) from the diploid population were characterized by at least one chromosome pair with 5S and 28S overlapping signals. The fishes differed mainly in their number of 28S rDNA loci, located on 3-6 chromosomes. All individuals from both populations were characterized by one acrocentric chromosome bearing a 28S rDNA signal on the telomeres of its long arm. The number of major ribosomal DNA in the karyotype of C. taenia by FISH was always higher than the number of Ag-NORs. Our data confirm the extensive polymorphism of NORs in both populations, as already has been observed in closely related Cobitis species, and less polymorphic 5S rDNA pattern. However, this preliminary result highlights the need for a wider scale study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Boroń
- Department of Zoology, University of Warmia and Mazury, M. Oczapowski 5 St., 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Gromicho M, Coelho MM, Alves MJ, Collares-Pereira MJ. Cytogenetic analysis of Anaecypris hispanica and its relationship with the paternal ancestor of the diploid-polyploid Squalius alburnoides complex. Genome 2006; 49:1621-7. [PMID: 17426777 DOI: 10.1139/g06-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The karyotype of the endangered fish Anaecypris hispanica was revisited using advanced cytogenetic techniques to elucidate its putative relationship with the paternal ancestor of the hybrid complex Squalius alburnoides and to clarify some of the recently described cytogenetic patterns of the complex. The results of chromomycin A3 and Ag staining, as well as fluorescent in situ hybridization with 28S and 5S rDNA and the (TTAGGG)n telomeric probes, were compared with the patterns observed in specimens of the all-male nonhybrid lineage of S. alburnoides complex, which is considered to reconstitute the nuclear genome of the probably extinct paternal ancestor. Several cytogenetic features observed in A. hispanica specimens were indeed shared by S. alburnoides nuclear nonhybrid males, supporting the hypothesis of a close evolutionary link between A. hispanica and the paternal ancestor of the complex. The genomic rearrangements involving 28S rDNA sites previously described in the S. alburnoides complex and in its maternal ancestor ( S. pyrenaicus ) were not detected in A. hispanica; they are, therefore, probably due to mechanisms related to hybridization and polyploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gromicho
- Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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12
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Gromicho M, Coutanceau JP, Ozouf-Costaz C, Collares-Pereira MJ. Contrast between extensive variation of 28S rDNA and stability of 5S rDNA and telomeric repeats in the diploid-polyploid Squalius alburnoides complex and in its maternal ancestor Squalius pyrenaicus (Teleostei, Cyprinidae). Chromosome Res 2006; 14:297-306. [PMID: 16628500 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-006-1047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2005] [Accepted: 01/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The diploid-polyploid Squalius alburnoides complex resulted from interspecific hybridization. The chromosomal mapping of 28S and 5S ribosomal genes and of (TTAGGG)n telomeric repeats was performed on specimens from the complex and from the sympatric bisexual species S. pyrenaicus (the complex maternal ancestor) as part of an investigation of the evolutionary relationships between genomic constitutions and the consequences of the ongoing polyploidization process in terms of chromosome reshaping. Contrasting results were obtained. While results with 5S rDNA and telomeric probes gave an impression of genomic stability, the variability detected with 28S rDNA probe suggested quite the opposite. The 5S rDNA probe mapped constantly to three chromosomes per haploid genome with apparently conserved locations in morphologically similar chromosomes; conversely, prominent intra- and inter-individual variations of 28S rDNA and of syntenic sites with 5S rDNA were detected with regard to number, size and location. Hypotheses for the causes of such polymorphisms are discussed. The terminal position of most 28S rDNA sites and the absence of detectable interstitial telomeric sequences suggest a mechanism that does not involve major chromosomal rearrangements. These fishes share similar patterns for the studied cytogenetic markers which may be taken as evidence of an apparent stability that may be hiding extensive and subtle genome variations that are possibly related to an ongoing evolutionary process of genome tetraploidization and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gromicho
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Biologia Animal/Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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