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Wang B, Yang X, Sun X, Liu J, Fu Y, Liu B, Qiu J, Lian J, Zhou J. ATF3 in atherosclerosis: a controversial transcription factor. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1557-1568. [PMID: 36207452 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the pathophysiological basis of most malignant cardiovascular diseases, remains a global concern. Transcription factors play a key role in regulating cell function and disease progression in developmental signaling pathways involved in atherosclerosis. Activated transcription factor (ATF) 3 is an adaptive response gene in the ATF/cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein family that acts as a transcription suppressor or activator by forming homodimers or heterodimers with other ATF/CREB members. Appropriate ATF3 expression is vital for normal physiological cell function. Notably, ATF3 exhibits distinct roles in vascular endothelial cells, macrophages, and the liver, which will also be described in detail. This review provides a new perspective for atherosclerosis therapy by summarizing the mechanism of ATF3 in atherosclerosis, as well as the structure and pathophysiological properties of ATF3. KEY MESSAGES: • In endothelial cells, ATF3 overexpression aggravates oxidative stress and inflammation. • In macrophages and liver cells, ATF3 can act as a negative regulator of inflammation and promote cholesterol metabolism. • ATF3 can be used as a potential therapeutic factor in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
| | - Xinyi Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
| | - Yin Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bingyang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiangfang Lian
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianqing Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China. .,Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China. .,Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China.
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Yang Z, Huang G, Zhou P, Zhang Y, Ding J, Sun Q, Hua T. Exercise ameliorates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance accompanied by changes in protein levels of hepatic ATF3-related signaling in rats. Physiol Behav 2022; 249:113766. [PMID: 35240124 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise is an effective way to alleviate insulin resistance (IR). However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Previous studies demonstrated that cardiolipin synthase 1 (CRLS1)/interferon-regulatory factor-2 binding protein 2 (IRF2bp2)-activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3)-adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2)-adaptor protein containing pH domain, PTB domain and leucine zipper motif 1 (APPL1)-protein kinase B (AKT/PKB)-related signaling was closely associated with obesity-induced IR-related diseases, but the correlation between exercise training alleviating obesity-induced IR and the protein levels of hepatic CRLS1/IRF2bp2-ATF3-AdipoR2-APPL1-AKT-related signaling in rats is unknown. Therefore, We want to investigate the effect of exercise training on IR and the protein levels of hepatic CRLS1/IRF2bp2-ATF3-AdipoR2-APPL1-AKT-related signaling in rat. METHODS The male healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: normal control group (NCG, n = 10), diet-induced obesity-sedentary group (DIO-SG, n = 10), diet-induced obesity-chronic exercise group (DIOCEG, n = 10) received chronic swim exercise training and diet-induced obesity-acute exercise group (DIO-AEG, n = 10) received acute swim exercise training. We measured the levels of IR-related indicators and the protein levels of hepatic CRLS1/IRF2bp2-ATF3-AdipoR2-APPL1-AKT-related signaling in NCG, DIO-SG, DIOCEG and DIO-AEG. RESULTS We found that high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity decreased insulin sensitivity in rats accompanied by decreased protein levels of hepatic CRLS1, IRF2bp2, AdipoR2, APPL1, p-AKT and increased protein level of hepatic ATF3. The acute exercise and the chronic exercise both increased insulin sensitivity in rats. The chronic exercise decreased hepatic ATF3 protein level and increased CRLS1, IRF2bp2, AdipoR2, APPL1, p-AKT protein levels in HFD-fed rats. The acute exercise decreased hepatic ATF3 protein level and increased hepatic IRF2bp2, APPL1 and p-AKT protein levels in HFD-fed rats. The acute exercise had no significant effect on hepatic CRLS1 and AdipoR2 protein levels in HFD-fed rats. CONCLUSION Our current findings indicated that exercise alleviated obesity-induced IR accompanied by changes in protein levels of hepatic ATF3-related signaling in rats. Our results are meaningful for exploring the molecular mechanism of exercise alleviating IR symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Yang
- Physiology laboratory of College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Guangyu Huang
- Physiology laboratory of College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Puqing Zhou
- Physiology laboratory of College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Physiology laboratory of College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Physiology laboratory of College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Qingyan Sun
- Physiology laboratory of College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.
| | - Tianmiao Hua
- Neurobiology laboratory of College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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3
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Cui A, Ding D, Li Y. Regulation of Hepatic Metabolism and Cell Growth by the ATF/CREB Family of Transcription Factors. Diabetes 2021; 70:653-664. [PMID: 33608424 PMCID: PMC7897342 DOI: 10.2337/dbi20-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a major metabolic organ that regulates the whole-body metabolic homeostasis and controls hepatocyte proliferation and growth. The ATF/CREB family of transcription factors integrates nutritional and growth signals to the regulation of metabolism and cell growth in the liver, and deregulated ATF/CREB family signaling is implicated in the progression of type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. This article focuses on the roles of the ATF/CREB family in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and cell growth and its importance in liver physiology. We also highlight how the disrupted ATF/CREB network contributes to human diseases and discuss the perspectives of therapeutically targeting ATF/CREB members in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoyuan Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Shi Z, Zhang K, Chen T, Zhang Y, Du X, Zhao Y, Shao S, Zheng L, Han T, Hong W. Transcriptional factor ATF3 promotes liver fibrosis via activating hepatic stellate cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1066. [PMID: 33311456 PMCID: PMC7734065 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key feature of liver fibrosis and the activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the major producer of ECM proteins. However, the precise mechanisms and target molecules that are involved in liver fibrosis remain unclear. In this study, we reported that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was over-expressed in mice and human fibrotic livers, in activated HSCs and injured hepatocytes (HCs). Both in vivo and in vitro study have revealed that silencing ATF3 reduced the expression of pro-fibrotic genes and inhibited the activation of HSCs, thus alleviating the extent of liver fibrosis, indicating a potential protective role of ATF3 knockdown. However, ATF3 was not involved in either the apoptosis or proliferation of HCs. In addition, our data illustrated that increased nuclear localization of ATF3 promoted the transcription of fibrogenic genes and lnc-SCARNA10, which functioned as a novel positive regulator of TGF-β signaling in liver fibrogenesis by recruiting SMAD3 to the promoter of these genes. Interestingly, further study also demonstrated that lnc-SCARNA10 promoted the expression of ATF3 in a TGF-β/SMAD3-dependent manner, revealing a TGF-β/ATF3/lnc-SCARNA10 axis that contributed to liver fibrosis by activating HSCs. Taken together, our data provide a molecular mechanism implicating induced ATF3 in liver fibrosis, suggesting that ATF3 may represent a useful target in the development of therapeutic strategies for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhemin Shi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Du
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanmian Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lina Zheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. .,Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Tianjin, China.
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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5
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Fang J, Ji YX, Zhang P, Cheng L, Chen Y, Chen J, Su Y, Cheng X, Zhang Y, Li T, Zhu X, Zhang XJ, Wei X. Hepatic IRF2BP2 Mitigates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Directly Repressing the Transcription of ATF3. Hepatology 2020; 71:1592-1608. [PMID: 31529495 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has profoundly grown in recent decades, the internal restrictive mechanisms remain largely unknown. We have recently reported that the transcription repressor interferon regulatory factor-2 binding protein 2 (IRF2BP2) is enriched in cardiomyocytes and inhibits pathological cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Notably, IRF2BP2 is abundantly expressed in hepatocytes and dramatically down-regulated in steatotic livers, whereas the role of IRF2BP2 in NAFLD is unknown. APPROACH AND RESULTS Herein, using gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches in mice, we demonstrated that while hepatocyte-specific Irf2bp2 knockout exacerbated high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and inflammation, hepatic Irf2bp2 overexpression protected mice from these metabolic disorders. Moreover, the inhibitory role of IRF2BP2 on hepatosteatosis is conserved in a human hepatic cell line in vitro. Combinational analysis of digital gene expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing identified activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) to be negatively regulated by IRF2BP2 in NAFLD. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assay substantiated the fact that IRF2BP2 is a bona fide transcription repressor of ATF3 gene expression via binding to its promoter region. Functional studies revealed that ATF3 knockdown significantly relieved IRF2BP2 knockout-exaggerated hepatosteatosis in vitro. CONCLUSION IRF2BP2 is an integrative restrainer in controlling hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and inflammation in NAFLD through transcriptionally repressing ATF3 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Xiao Ji
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanfang Su
- Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuehai Zhu
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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6
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Bartoszewski R, Gebert M, Janaszak-Jasiecka A, Cabaj A, Króliczewski J, Bartoszewska S, Sobolewska A, Crossman DK, Ochocka R, Kamysz W, Kalinowski L, Dąbrowski M, Collawn JF. Genome-wide mRNA profiling identifies RCAN1 and GADD45A as regulators of the transitional switch from survival to apoptosis during ER stress. FEBS J 2020; 287:2923-2947. [PMID: 31880863 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conditions promote a cellular adaptive mechanism called the unfolded protein response (UPR) that utilizes three stress sensors, inositol-requiring protein 1, protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase, and activating transcription factor 6. These sensors activate a number of pathways to reduce the stress and facilitate cell survival. While much is known about the mechanisms involved that modulate apoptosis during chronic stress, less is known about the transition between the prosurvival and proapoptotic factors that determine cell fate. Here, we employed a genetic screen that utilized three different pharmacological stressors to induce ER stress in a human-immortalized airway epithelial cell line, immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells. We followed the stress responses over an 18-h time course and utilized real-time monitoring of cell survival, next-generation sequencing, and quantitative real-time PCR to identify and validate genes that were upregulated with all three commonly employed ER stressors, inhibitor of calpain 1, tunicamycin, and thapsigargin. growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible alpha (GADD45A), a proapoptotic factor, and regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) mRNAs were identified and verified by showing that small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of GADD45A decreased CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (a.k.a DDIT3), BCL2-binding component 3 (a.k.a. BBC3), and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 expression, 3 proapoptotic factors, and increased cell viability during ER stress conditions, whereas siRNA knockdown of RCAN1 dramatically decreased cell viability. These results suggest that the relative levels of these two genes regulate cell fate decisions during ER stress independent of the type of ER stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gebert
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Cabaj
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Króliczewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Sobolewska
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, Heflin Center for Genomic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Renata Ochocka
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics and Central Bank of Frozen Tissues & Genetic Specimens, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
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7
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Ku HC, Cheng CF. Master Regulator Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) in Metabolic Homeostasis and Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:556. [PMID: 32922364 PMCID: PMC7457002 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a stress-induced transcription factor that plays vital roles in modulating metabolism, immunity, and oncogenesis. ATF3 acts as a hub of the cellular adaptive-response network. Multiple extracellular signals, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, cytokines, chemokines, and LPS, are connected to ATF3 induction. The function of ATF3 as a regulator of metabolism and immunity has recently sparked intense attention. In this review, we describe how ATF3 can act as both a transcriptional activator and a repressor. We then focus on the role of ATF3 and ATF3-regulated signals in modulating metabolism, immunity, and oncogenesis. The roles of ATF3 in glucose metabolism and adipose tissue regulation are also explored. Next, we summarize how ATF3 regulates immunity and maintains normal host defense. In addition, we elaborate on the roles of ATF3 as a regulator of prostate, breast, colon, lung, and liver cancers. Further understanding of how ATF3 regulates signaling pathways involved in glucose metabolism, adipocyte metabolism, immuno-responsiveness, and oncogenesis in various cancers, including prostate, breast, colon, lung, and liver cancers, is then provided. Finally, we demonstrate that ATF3 acts as a master regulator of metabolic homeostasis and, therefore, may be an appealing target for the treatment of metabolic dyshomeostasis, immune disorders, and various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Ku
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ching-Feng Cheng
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8
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Ahmad A, Ali T, Kim MW, Khan A, Jo MH, Rehman SU, Khan MS, Abid NB, Khan M, Ullah R, Jo MG, Kim MO. Adiponectin homolog novel osmotin protects obesity/diabetes-induced NAFLD by upregulating AdipoRs/PPARα signaling in ob/ob and db/db transgenic mouse models. Metabolism 2019; 90:31-43. [PMID: 30473057 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In metabolic disorders, adiponectin and adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1/R2) signaling has a key role in improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obesity-associated diabetes. OBJECTIVE To the best of our knowledge, here, we reported for the first time the underlying mechanistic therapeutic efficacy of the novel osmotin, a homolog of mammalian adiponectin, against NAFLD in leptin-deficient ob/ob and db/db mice. METHODS The ob/ob and db/db mice were treated with osmotin at a dose of 5 μg/g three times a week for two weeks. To co-relate the in vivo results we used the human liver carcinoma HepG2 cells, subjected to knockdown with small siRNAs of AdipoR1/R2 and PPARα genes and treated with osmotin and palmitic acid (P.A.). MTT assay, Western blotting, immunohistofluorescence assays, and plasma biochemical analyses were applied. RESULTS Osmotin stimulated AdipoR1/R2 and its downstream APPL1/PPAR-α/AMPK/SIRT1 pathways in ob/ob and db/db mice, and HepG2 cells exposed to P.A. Mechanistically, we confirmed that knockdown of AdipoR1/R2 and PPARα by their respective siRNAs abolished the osmotin activity in HepG2 cells exposed to P.A. Overall, the in vivo and in vitro results suggested that osmotin protected against NAFLD through activation of AdipoR1/R2 and its downstream APPL1/PPAR-α/AMPK/SIRT1 pathways as shown by the reduced body weight, blood glucose level and glycated hemoglobin, improved glucose tolerance, attenuated insulin resistance and hepatic glucogenesis, regulated serum lipid parameters, and increased fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial functions. CONCLUSION Our findings strongly suggest that novel osmotin might be a potential novel therapeutic tool against obesity/diabetes-induced NAFLD and other metabolic disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Adiponectin/analogs & derivatives
- Adiponectin/chemistry
- Animals
- Anti-Obesity Agents/pharmacology
- Cytoprotection/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Leptin/deficiency
- Leptin/genetics
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Obese
- Mice, Transgenic
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/prevention & control
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/pathology
- PPAR alpha/metabolism
- Plant Proteins/pharmacology
- Receptors, Adiponectin/metabolism
- Receptors, Leptin/deficiency
- Receptors, Leptin/genetics
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmad
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tahir Ali
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Amjad Khan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeung Hoon Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Sohail Khan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Noman Bin Abid
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mehtab Khan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Rahat Ullah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gi Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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Guo L, Lv J, Huang YF, Hao DJ, Liu JJ. Bioinformatics analyses of differentially expressed genes associated with spinal cord injury: A microarray-based analysis in a mouse model. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1262-1270. [PMID: 30804258 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.251335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene spectrum analysis has shown that gene expression and signaling pathways change dramatically after spinal cord injury, which may affect the microenvironment of the damaged site. Microarray analysis provides a new opportunity for investigating diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of spinal cord injury. However, differentially expressed genes are not consistent among studies, and many key genes and signaling pathways have not yet been accurately studied. GSE5296 was retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus DataSet. Differentially expressed genes were obtained using R/Bioconductor software (expression changed at least two-fold; P < 0.05). Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery was used for functional annotation of differentially expressed genes and Animal Transcription Factor Database for predicting potential transcription factors. The resulting transcription regulatory protein interaction network was mapped to screen representative genes and investigate their diagnostic and therapeutic value for disease. In total, this study identified 109 genes that were upregulated and 30 that were downregulated at 0.5, 4, and 24 hours, and 3, 7, and 28 days after spinal cord injury. The number of downregulated genes was smaller than the number of upregulated genes at each time point. Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery analysis found that many inflammation-related pathways were upregulated in injured spinal cord. Additionally, expression levels of these inflammation-related genes were maintained for at least 28 days. Moreover, 399 regulation modes and 77 nodes were shown in the protein-protein interaction network of upregulated differentially expressed genes. Among the 10 upregulated differentially expressed genes with the highest degrees of distribution, six genes were transcription factors. Among these transcription factors, ATF3 showed the greatest change. ATF3 was upregulated within 30 minutes, and its expression levels remained high at 28 days after spinal cord injury. These key genes screened by bioinformatics tools can be used as biological markers to diagnose diseases and provide a reference for identifying therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yun-Fei Huang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ding-Jun Hao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ji-Jun Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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10
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Kim SW, Suh HW, Yoo BK, Kwon K, Yu K, Choi JY, Kwon OY. Larval hemolymph of rhinoceros beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma, enhances insulin secretion through ATF3 gene expression in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells. Z NATURFORSCH C 2018; 73:391-396. [PMID: 29787378 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2018-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, we show that INS-1 pancreatic β-cells treated for 2 h with hemolymph of larvae of rhinoceros beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma, secreted about twice as much insulin compared to control cells without such treatment. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was the highest upregulated gene in DNA chip analysis. The A. dichotoma hemolymph dose-dependently induced increased expression levels of genes encoding ATF3 and insulin. Conversely, treatment with ATF3 siRNA inhibited expression levels of both genes and curbed insulin secretion. These results suggest that the A. dichotoma hemolymph has potential for treating and preventing diabetes or diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Whan Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Suh
- Departments of Medical Science and Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Bo-Kyung Yoo
- Departments of Medical Science and Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Kisang Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Welfare, Kyungwoon University, Gumi 39160, Korea
| | - Kweon Yu
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Choi
- Applied Entomology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - O-Yu Kwon
- Departments of Medical Science and Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
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11
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Use antibiotics in cell culture with caution: genome-wide identification of antibiotic-induced changes in gene expression and regulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7533. [PMID: 28790348 PMCID: PMC5548911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07757-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Standard cell culture guidelines often use media supplemented with antibiotics to prevent cell contamination. However, relatively little is known about the effect of antibiotic use in cell culture on gene expression and the extent to which this treatment could confound results. To comprehensively characterize the effect of antibiotic treatment on gene expression, we performed RNA-seq and ChIP-seq for H3K27ac on HepG2 cells, a human liver cell line commonly used for pharmacokinetic, metabolism and genomic studies, cultured in media supplemented with penicillin-streptomycin (PenStrep) or vehicle control. We identified 209 PenStrep-responsive genes, including transcription factors such as ATF3 that are likely to alter the regulation of other genes. Pathway analyses found a significant enrichment for "xenobiotic metabolism signaling" and "PXR/RXR activation" pathways. Our H3K27ac ChIP-seq identified 9,514 peaks that are PenStrep responsive. These peaks were enriched near genes that function in cell differentiation, tRNA modification, nuclease activity and protein dephosphorylation. Our results suggest that PenStrep treatment can significantly alter gene expression and regulation in a common liver cell type such as HepG2, advocating that antibiotic treatment should be taken into account when carrying out genetic, genomic or other biological assays in cultured cells.
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12
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Ariyasu D, Yoshida H, Hasegawa Y. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress and Endocrine Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020382. [PMID: 28208663 PMCID: PMC5343917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the organelle where secretory and membrane proteins are synthesized and folded. Unfolded proteins that are retained within the ER can cause ER stress. Eukaryotic cells have a defense system called the “unfolded protein response” (UPR), which protects cells from ER stress. Cells undergo apoptosis when ER stress exceeds the capacity of the UPR, which has been revealed to cause human diseases. Although neurodegenerative diseases are well-known ER stress-related diseases, it has been discovered that endocrine diseases are also related to ER stress. In this review, we focus on ER stress-related human endocrine disorders. In addition to diabetes mellitus, which is well characterized, several relatively rare genetic disorders such as familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (FNDI), Wolfram syndrome, and isolated growth hormone deficiency type II (IGHD2) are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ariyasu
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
| | - Hiderou Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Hasegawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo 183-8561, Japan.
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13
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Niclosamide induced cell apoptosis via upregulation of ATF3 and activation of PERK in Hepatocellular carcinoma cells. BMC Gastroenterol 2016; 16:25. [PMID: 26917416 PMCID: PMC4766699 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-016-0442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of most common and aggressive human malignancies in the world, especially, in eastern Asia, and its mortality is very high at any phase. We want to investigate mechanism of niclosamide inducing cell apoptosis in HCC. Methods Two hepatoma cell lines were used to evaluate activity of niclosamide inducing cell apoptosis and study its mechanism. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were used in analysis of genes expression or protein active regulated by niclosamide. Results Niclosamide remarkably induced cell apoptosis in hepatoma cells. Furthermore, our study revealed that RNA-dependent protein kinase-like kinase (PERK) is activated and its expression is up-regulated in HCC cells which are exposed to niclosamide. niclosamide also significantly increase activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP) expression in HCC cells. It’s suggested that the function of niclosamide was abrogated by PERK inhibitor or absent ATF3. Expression of PERK and CHOP is correlated with ATF3 level in the cells. Conclusion Taken together, our results indicate that ATF3 plays an integral role in ER stress activated and cell apoptosis induced by niclosamide in HCC cells. In this study, the new mechanism of niclosamide as anti-cancer we investigated, too.
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Wang W, Liu R, Xu Z, Niu X, Mao Z, Meng Q, Cao X. Further insight into molecular mechanism underlying thoracic spinal cord injury using bioinformatics methods. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7851-8. [PMID: 26497545 PMCID: PMC4758289 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI). The gene expression profile of GSE20907, which included 12 thoracic non-injured spinal cord control samples and 12 thoracic transected spinal cord samples at different stages of SCI, was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the limma package in R/Bioconductor. DEG-associated pathways were analyzed using the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes database. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and transcription factors (TFs) were predicted using cytoscape. Compared with the control samples, there were 1,942, 396, 188 and 396 DEGs identified at day 3 (d3), week 1 (wk1), wk2 and month 1 (m1), respectively. Cluster analysis indicated that the DEGs at m1 were similar to those in the control group. Downregulated DEGs were enriched in nervous system disease pathways, such as Parkinson's disease. Upregulated DEGs were enriched in immune response-associated pathways, such as Fc γ R-mediated phagocytosis at early stages (d3 and wk1). Upregulated DEGs were enriched in pathways associated with cancer and pyrimidine metabolism at wk2 and m1, respectively. In the PPI network, nodes including RAC2, CD4, STAT3 and JUN were identified. Furthermore, ATF3, JUN and EGR1 were identified as TFs associated with SCI. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that the number of DEGs decreased in a time-dependent manner following SCI. OLIG1, ATF3 and JUN may represent SCI regeneration-associated genes. Immune-associated inflammation was shown to be important in SCI, and SCI exhibits causal associations with other diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancers. The present study provided novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of SCI regeneration, which may aid in the development of strategies to enhance recovery following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Rongjun Liu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Zhanwang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Xiufeng Niu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohu Mao
- Department of Spinal Cord Injury, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Qingxi Meng
- Department of Spinal Cord Injury, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Xuecheng Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
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15
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Cagnetta A, Caffa I, Acharya C, Soncini D, Acharya P, Adamia S, Pierri I, Bergamaschi M, Garuti A, Fraternali G, Mastracci L, Provenzani A, Zucal C, Damonte G, Salis A, Montecucco F, Patrone F, Ballestrero A, Bruzzone S, Gobbi M, Nencioni A, Cea M. APO866 Increases Antitumor Activity of Cyclosporin-A by Inducing Mitochondrial and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Leukemia Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:3934-45. [PMID: 25964294 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-3023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitor, APO866, has been previously shown to have antileukemic activity in preclinical models, but its cytotoxicity in primary leukemia cells is frequently limited. The success of current antileukemic treatments is reduced by the occurrence of multidrug resistance, which, in turn, is mediated by membrane transport proteins, such as P-glycoprotein-1 (Pgp). Here, we evaluated the antileukemic effects of APO866 in combination with Pgp inhibitors and studied the mechanisms underlying the interaction between these two types of agents. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The effects of APO866 with or without Pgp inhibitors were tested on the viability of leukemia cell lines, primary leukemia cells (AML, n = 6; B-CLL, n = 19), and healthy leukocytes. Intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) and ATP levels, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨ(m)), markers of apoptosis and of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were evaluated. RESULTS The combination of APO866 with Pgp inhibitors resulted in a synergistic cytotoxic effect in leukemia cells, while sparing normal CD34(+) progenitor cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Combining Pgp inhibitors with APO866 led to increased intracellular APO866 levels, compounded NAD(+) and ATP shortage, and induced ΔΨ(m) dissipation. Notably, APO866, Pgp inhibitors and, to a much higher extent, their combination induced ER stress and ER stress inhibition strongly reduced the activity of these treatments. CONCLUSIONS APO866 and Pgp inhibitors show a strong synergistic cooperation in leukemia cells, including acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) samples. Further evaluations of the combination of these agents in clinical setting should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Cagnetta
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS AOU S. Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Irene Caffa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS AOU S. Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chirag Acharya
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Debora Soncini
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS AOU S. Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Prakrati Acharya
- Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sophia Adamia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ivana Pierri
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS AOU S. Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Micaela Bergamaschi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS AOU S. Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Garuti
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS AOU S. Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulio Fraternali
- Laboratories Department, Pathology Unit, IRCCS AUO S. Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), Pathology Unit, IRCCS AUO S. Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Zucal
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and CEBR, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Damonte
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and CEBR, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Salis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and CEBR, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Foundation for Medical Researchers, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Department of Medical Specialties, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Franco Patrone
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS AOU S. Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Ballestrero
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS AOU S. Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and CEBR, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS AOU S. Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS AOU S. Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Michele Cea
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS AOU S. Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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16
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Jang MK, Jung MH. ATF3 inhibits PPARγ-stimulated transactivation in adipocyte cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:80-5. [PMID: 25446101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) downregulates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPARγ) gene expression and inhibits adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Here, we investigated another role of ATF3 on the regulation of PPARγ activity. ATF3 inhibited PPARγ-stimulated transactivation of PPARγ responsive element (PPRE)-containing reporter or GAL4/PPARγ chimeric reporter. Thus, ATF3 effectively repressed rosiglitazone-stimulated expression of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2), PPARγ target gene, in 3T3-L1 cells. Coimmunoprecipitation and GST pulldown assay demonstrated that ATF3 interacted with PPARγ. Accordingly, ATF3 prevented PPARγ from binding to PPRE on the aP2 promoter. Furthermore, ATF3 suppressed p300-mediated transcriptional coactivation of PPRE-containing reporter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that overexpression of ATF3 blocked both binding of PPARγ and recruitment of p300 to PPRE on aP2 promoter induced by rosiglitazone treatment in 3T3-L1 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that ATF3 interacts with PPARγ and represses PPARγ-mediated transactivation through suppression of p300-stimulated coactivation in 3T3-L1 cells, which may play a role in inhibition of adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Jang
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, #49 Busandae hak-ro, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongnam 609-735, South Korea
| | - Myeong Ho Jung
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, #49 Busandae hak-ro, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongnam 609-735, South Korea.
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17
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ATF3 represses PPARγ expression and inhibits adipocyte differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Park SH, Kim J, Do KH, Park J, Oh CG, Choi HJ, Song BG, Lee SJ, Kim YS, Moon Y. Activating transcription factor 3-mediated chemo-intervention with cancer chemokines in a noncanonical pathway under endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27118-27133. [PMID: 25122760 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.568717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell-protective features of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response are chronically activated in vigorously growing malignant tumor cells, which provide cellular growth advantages over the adverse microenvironment including chemotherapy. As an intervention with ER stress responses in the intestinal cancer cells, preventive exposure to flavone apigenin potentiated superinduction of a regulatory transcription factor, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), which is also known to be an integral player coordinating ER stress response-related gene expression. ATF3 superinduction was due to increased turnover of ATF3 transcript via stabilization with HuR protein in the cancer cells under ER stress. Moreover, enhanced ATF3 caused inhibitory action against ER stress-induced cancer chemokines that are potent mediators determining the survival and metastatic potential of epithelial cancer cells. Although enhanced ATF3 was a negative regulator of the well known proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, blocking of NF-κB signaling did not affect ER stress-induced chemokine expression. Instead, immediately expressed transcription factor early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1) was positively involved in cancer chemokine induction by ER stressors. ER stress-induced EGR-1 and subsequent chemokine production were repressed by ATF3. Mechanistically, ATF3 directly interacted with and recruited HDAC1 protein, which led to epigenetic suppression of EGR-1 expression and subsequent chemokine production. Conclusively, superinduced ATF3 attenuated ER stress-induced cancer chemokine expression by epigenetically interfering with induction of EGR-1, a transcriptional modulator crucial to cancer chemokine production. Thus, these results suggest a potent therapeutic intervention of ER stress response-related cancer-favoring events by ATF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea,; Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Juil Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Kee Hun Do
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Park
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Chang Gyu Oh
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Choi
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Bo Gyoung Song
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Seung Joon Lee
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Yong Sik Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea, and
| | - Yuseok Moon
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea,; Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea,; Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Busan 609-735, South Korea.
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19
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Fan AX, Papadopoulos GL, Hossain MA, Lin IJ, Hu J, Tang TM, Kilberg MS, Renne R, Strouboulis J, Bungert J. Genomic and proteomic analysis of transcription factor TFII-I reveals insight into the response to cellular stress. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:7625-41. [PMID: 24875474 PMCID: PMC4081084 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed transcription factor TFII-I exerts both positive and negative effects on transcription. Using biotinylation tagging technology and high-throughput sequencing, we determined sites of chromatin interactions for TFII-I in the human erythroleukemia cell line K562. This analysis revealed that TFII-I binds upstream of the transcription start site of expressed genes, both upstream and downstream of the transcription start site of repressed genes, and downstream of RNA polymerase II peaks at the ATF3 and other stress responsive genes. At the ATF3 gene, TFII-I binds immediately downstream of a Pol II peak located 5 kb upstream of exon 1. Induction of ATF3 expression increases transcription throughout the ATF3 gene locus which requires TFII-I and correlates with increased association of Pol II and Elongin A. Pull-down assays demonstrated that TFII-I interacts with Elongin A. Partial depletion of TFII-I expression caused a reduction in the association of Elongin A with and transcription of the DNMT1 and EFR3A genes without a decrease in Pol II recruitment. The data reveal different interaction patterns of TFII-I at active, repressed, or inducible genes, identify novel TFII-I interacting proteins, implicate TFII-I in the regulation of transcription elongation and provide insight into the role of TFII-I during the response to cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Xiucheng Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Giorgio L Papadopoulos
- Departmentof Biology, University of Crete, GR1409 Heraklion, Greece Divisionof Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari GR 16672, Greece
| | - Mir A Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - I-Ju Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jianhong Hu
- Departmentof Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Tommy Ming Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael S Kilberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rolf Renne
- Divisionof Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari GR 16672, Greece
| | - John Strouboulis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA Departmentof Biology, University of Crete, GR1409 Heraklion, Greece Divisionof Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari GR 16672, Greece Departmentof Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Jörg Bungert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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20
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A Taiwanese Propolis Derivative Induces Apoptosis through Inducing Endoplasmic Reticular Stress and Activating Transcription Factor-3 in Human Hepatoma Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:658370. [PMID: 24222778 PMCID: PMC3814109 DOI: 10.1155/2013/658370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor-(ATF-) 3, a stress-inducible transcription factor, is rapidly upregulated under various stress conditions and plays an important role in inducing cancer cell apoptosis. NBM-TP-007-GS-002 (GS-002) is a Taiwanese propolin G (PPG) derivative. In this study, we examined the antitumor effects of GS-002 in human hepatoma Hep3B and HepG2 cells in vitro. First, we found that GS-002 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in dose-dependent manners. Several main apoptotic indicators were found in GS-002-treated cells, such as the cleaved forms of caspase-3, caspase-9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). GS-002 also induced endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress as evidenced by increases in ER stress-responsive proteins including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), phosphorylated protein endoplasmic-reticular-resident kinase (PERK), and ATF-3. The induction of ATF-3 expression was mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in GS-002-treated cells. Furthermore, we found that GS-002 induced more cell apoptosis in ATF-3-overexpressing cells. These results suggest that the induction of apoptosis by the propolis derivative, GS-002, is partially mediated through ER stress and ATF-3-dependent pathways, and GS-002 has the potential for development as an antitumor drug.
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Bround MJ, Wambolt R, Luciani DS, Kulpa JE, Rodrigues B, Brownsey RW, Allard MF, Johnson JD. Cardiomyocyte ATP production, metabolic flexibility, and survival require calcium flux through cardiac ryanodine receptors in vivo. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:18975-86. [PMID: 23678000 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.427062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+) fluxes between adjacent organelles are thought to control many cellular processes, including metabolism and cell survival. In vitro evidence has been presented that constitutive Ca(2+) flux from intracellular stores into mitochondria is required for basal cellular metabolism, but these observations have not been made in vivo. We report that controlled in vivo depletion of cardiac RYR2, using a conditional gene knock-out strategy (cRyr2KO mice), is sufficient to reduce mitochondrial Ca(2+) and oxidative metabolism, and to establish a pseudohypoxic state with increased autophagy. Dramatic metabolic reprogramming was evident at the transcriptional level via Sirt1/Foxo1/Pgc1α, Atf3, and Klf15 gene networks. Ryr2 loss also induced a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death associated with increased calpain-10 but not caspase-3 activation or endoplasmic reticulum stress. Remarkably, cRyr2KO mice rapidly exhibited many of the structural, metabolic, and molecular characteristics of heart failure at a time when RYR2 protein was reduced 50%, a similar degree to that which has been reported in heart failure. RYR2-mediated Ca(2+) fluxes are therefore proximal controllers of mitochondrial Ca(2+), ATP levels, and a cascade of transcription factors controlling metabolism and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bround
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Bettaieb A, Nagata N, AbouBechara D, Chahed S, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Haj FG. Soluble epoxide hydrolase deficiency or inhibition attenuates diet-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver and adipose tissue. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:14189-14199. [PMID: 23576437 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.458414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a cytosolic enzyme whose inhibition has beneficial effects in cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases in murine models. Mice with targeted deletion or pharmacological inhibition of sEH exhibit improved insulin signaling in liver and adipose tissue. Herein, we assessed the role of sEH in regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in liver and adipose tissue. We report that sEH expression was increased in the livers and adipose tissue of mice fed a high fat diet, the adipose tissue of overweight humans, and palmitate-treated cells. Importantly, sEH deficiency or inhibition in mice attenuated chronic high fat diet-induced ER stress in liver and adipose tissue. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of sEH in HepG2 cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes mitigated chemical-induced ER stress and activation of JNK, p38, and cell death. In addition, insulin signaling was enhanced in HepG2 cells treated with sEH substrates and attenuated in cells treated with sEH products. In summary, these findings demonstrate that sEH is a physiological modulator of ER stress and a potential target for mitigating complications associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Daniel AbouBechara
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Samah Chahed
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Fawaz G Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616.
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Jang MK, Son Y, Jung MH. ATF3 plays a role in adipocyte hypoxia-mediated mitochondria dysfunction in obesity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 431:421-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.12.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Jang MK, Kim CH, Seong JK, Jung MH. ATF3 inhibits adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:38-43. [PMID: 22475484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.03.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
ATF3 is a stress-adaptive gene that regulates proliferation or apoptosis under stress conditions. However, the role of ATF3 is unknown in adipocyte cells. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the functional role of ATF3 in adipocytes. Both lentivirus-mediated overexpression of ATF3 and stably-overexpressed ATF3 inhibited adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells, as revealed by decreased lipid staining with oil red staining and reduction in adipogenic genes. Thapsigargin treatment and overexpression of ATF3 decreased C/EBPα transcript and repressed the activity of the 3.6-kb mouse C/EBPα promoter, demonstrating that ATF3 downregulates C/EBPα expression. Transfection studies using mutant constructs containing 5'-deletions in the C/EBPα promoter revealed that a putative ATF/CRE element, GGATGTCA, is located between -1921 and -1914. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that ATF3 directly binds to mouse C/EBPα promoter spanning from -1928 to -1907. Both chemical hypoxia-mimetics or physical hypoxia led to reduce the C/EBPα mRNA and repress the promoter activity of the C/EBPα gene, whereas increase ATF3 mRNA, suggesting that ATF3 may contribute to the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation in hypoxia through downregulation of C/EBPα expression. Collectively, these results demonstrate that ATF3 represses the C/EBPα gene, resulting in inhibition of adipocyte differentiation, and thus plays a role in hypoxia-mediated inhibition of adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Jang
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, #30 Beom-eo ri, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongnam 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Kwon O, Soung NK, Thimmegowda NR, Jeong SJ, Jang JH, Moon DO, Chung JK, Lee KS, Kwon YT, Erikson RL, Ahn JS, Kim BY. Patulin induces colorectal cancer cells apoptosis through EGR-1 dependent ATF3 up-regulation. Cell Signal 2011; 24:943-50. [PMID: 22230687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Patulin is a fungal mycotoxin of Aspergilus and Penicillium that is commonly found in rotting fruits and exerts its potential toxic effect mainly by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, the effect of patulin on cancer cells as well as its intracellular mechanism has been controversial and not clearly defined yet. In this study, patulin was found to induce G1/S accumulation and cell growth arrest accompanied by caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage and ATF3 expression in human colon cancer cell line HCT116. Ser/Thr phosphorylation of a transcription factor, EGR-1, was increased while its expression did not change upon patulin treatment to the cells. Knockdown of ATF3 and EGR-1 using their respective siRNAs showed EGR-1 dependent ATF3 expression. Moreover, treatment of the cells with antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) revealed that patulin induced ATF3 expression and apoptosis were dependent on ROS generation. ATF3 expression was also increased by patulin in other colorectal cancer cell types, Caco2 and SW620. Collectively, our data present a new anti-cancer molecular mechanism of patulin, suggesting EGR-1 and ATF3 as critical targets for the development of anti-cancer chemotherapeutics. In this regard, patulin could be a candidate for the treatment of colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osong Kwon
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 685-2 Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun 363-883, Republic of Korea
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Cnop M, Foufelle F, Velloso LA. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, obesity and diabetes. Trends Mol Med 2011; 18:59-68. [PMID: 21889406 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, also commonly known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), is an adaptive response used to align ER functional capacity with demand. It is activated in various tissues under conditions related to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Hypothalamic ER stress contributes to inflammation and leptin/insulin resistance. Hepatic ER stress contributes to the development of steatosis and insulin resistance, and components of the UPR regulate liver lipid metabolism. ER stress in enlarged fat tissues induces inflammation and modifies adipokine secretion, and saturated fats cause ER stress in muscle. Finally, prolonged ER stress impairs insulin synthesis and causes pancreatic β cell apoptosis. In this review, we discuss ways in which ER stress operates as a common molecular pathway in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Cnop
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP-618, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
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Jang MK, Park HJ, Jung MH. ATF3 represses PDX-1 expression in pancreatic β-cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 412:385-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Carazo A, León J, Casado J, Gila A, Delgado S, Martín A, Sanjuan L, Caballero T, Muñoz JA, Quiles R, Ruiz-Extremera A, Alcázar LM, Salmerón J. Hepatic expression of adiponectin receptors increases with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression in morbid obesity in correlation with glutathione peroxidase 1. Obes Surg 2011; 21:492-500. [PMID: 21240660 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-010-0353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obesity is very high. The role of adiponectin receptors in NAFLD progression remains still unclear. We speculate that changes in the hepatic expression levels of the two adiponectin receptors may be associated with the expression of oxidative stress-related genes. METHODS We studied 60 morbidly obese patients with NAFLD, who underwent liver biopsy at the time of bariatric surgery. We measured the hepatic messenger-RNA concentration of adiponectin receptors (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), glutathione reductase (GRd) and inducible oxide nitric synthase. Additionally, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers were determined in blood samples. According to the Kleiner score, the patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (25 patients without steatohepatitis) and group 2 (25 patients with probable steatohepatitis and ten patients with steatohepatitis). RESULTS The messenger-RNA concentration of all genes analysed in the study was higher among the patients in group 2. However, no differences in blood oxidative stress markers were observed. Strong correlations were found among the expression levels of ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2 and GPx1. The multivariate analysis showed that the only independent variable associated with NAFLD progression was the increase in GPx1 expression levels. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD progression in morbid obesity is associated with increase in hepatic adiponectin receptor and oxidative stress-related genes. The linear correlations suggest that ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2 and GPx1 share key molecular factors in the regulation of the genetic expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Carazo
- Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Av de Madrid s/n, 18012, Granada, Spain.
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Liang X, Hu M, Rogers CQ, Shen Z, You M. Role of SIRT1-FoxO1 signaling in dietary saturated fat-dependent upregulation of liver adiponectin receptor 2 in ethanol-administered mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:425-35. [PMID: 21194380 PMCID: PMC3118604 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of dietary saturated fatty acids on liver adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) in ethanol-administered animals and in ethanol-exposed cultured hepatic cells, and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. The mRNA and protein levels of hepatic AdipoR2 were selectively increased by chronic ethanol feeding to mice consuming a diet high in saturated fat (HSF). Administration of an HSF diet blocked hyperacetylation of forkhead transcription factor 1 (FoxO1), a known target of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), increased nuclear FoxO1 protein levels, and enhanced association of FoxO1 with the AdipoR2 promoter in the livers of ethanol-fed mice. Treatment of cultured hepatic cells with palmitic acid (a major saturated fatty acid in HSF diet) in the presence of ethanol robustly increased AdipoR2 mRNA expression and enhanced activity of a mouse AdipoR2 promoter. Knocking down SIRT1 or FoxO1 using the small silencing SIRT1 or FoxO1 plasmid blunted the palmitic acid effect. Taken together, these results reveal that dietary saturated fat selectively upregulates hepatic AdipoR2 through modulation of SIRT1-FoxO1 signaling in ethanol fed mice, and this effect may contribute to the protective effect of the HSF diet against alcoholic fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Liang
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Health Sciences Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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Buechler C, Wanninger J, Neumeier M. Adiponectin, a key adipokine in obesity related liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:2801-11. [PMID: 21734787 PMCID: PMC3120939 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i23.2801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprising hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and progressive liver fibrosis is considered the most common liver disease in western countries. Fatty liver is more prevalent in overweight than normal-weight people and liver fat positively correlates with hepatic insulin resistance. Hepatic steatosis is regarded as a benign stage of NAFLD but may progress to NASH in a subgroup of patients. Besides liver biopsy no diagnostic tools to identify patients with NASH are available, and no effective treatment has been established. Visceral obesity is a main risk factor for NAFLD and inappropriate storage of triglycerides in adipocytes and higher concentrations of free fatty acids may add to increased hepatic lipid storage, insulin resistance, and progressive liver damage. Most of the adipose tissue-derived proteins are elevated in obesity and may contribute to systemic inflammation and liver damage. Adiponectin is highly abundant in human serum but its levels are reduced in obesity and are even lower in patients with hepatic steatosis or NASH. Adiponectin antagonizes excess lipid storage in the liver and protects from inflammation and fibrosis. This review aims to give a short survey on NAFLD and the hepatoprotective effects of adiponectin.
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ATF3 negatively regulates adiponectin receptor 1 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 400:72-7. [PMID: 20696134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that has antidiabetic and antiatherogenic effects through two membrane receptors, adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2). Although it has been reported that the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 is regulated under physiological and pathophysiological states, their regulation is largely unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress or obesity-inducible ATF3 negatively regulates the expression of adiponectin and AdipoR2. Here, we investigated the regulation of another adiponectin receptor, AdipoR1 by ATF3, to determine if ATF3 may contribute to impairment of adiponectin signaling by repressing the expression of both adiponectin and adiponectin receptors. We found that treatment with thapsigargin, a stimulator of ATF3 expression as an inducer of ER stress, decreased AdipoR1 expression in insulin-sensitive cells (HepG2, C2C12) and insulin secreting cells (MIN6N8). Furthermore, overexpression of lentivirus carrying-ATF3 decreased AdipoR1 expression in those cells, demonstrating that ATF3 downregulates AdipoR1 expression. Next, we investigated the effects of ATF3 on human AdipoR1 promoter activity and identified an ATF3-responsive region in the promoter. Both thapsigargin treatment and ATF3 expression repressed AdipoR1 promoter activity. Transfection studies using mutant constructs containing 5'-deletions in the human AdipoR1 promoter revealed that putative ATF/CRE site is located between the -248 and -224, TGACGCGG. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that ATF3 directly binds to human AdipoR1 promoter spanning from -248 to -224. Finally, deletion of the putative ATF/CRE site abrogated ATF3-mediated transrepression of the AdipoR1 promoter. Importantly, ATF3 expression was increased in hyperglycemia or TNF-α-treated C2C12 cells in which AdipoR1 expression was decreased, suggesting that ATF3 may contribute to downregulation of AdipoR1 by hyperglycemia and TNF-α. Collectively, these results demonstrate that ATF3 negatively regulates human AdipoR1 expression via binding to an ATF3-responsive region in the promoter, which plays an important role in attenuation of adiponectin signaling and induction of insulin resistance.
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