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Tzianabos C, Chouinard G, Martinez L. Alterations to the copulatory sequence in young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats administered a ketogenic diet. Physiol Behav 2024; 285:114650. [PMID: 39074675 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Ketogenic diets (KDs) have shown therapeutic potential for a range of neuropsychiatric disorders; however, there is insufficient data regarding the behavioral impacts of KDs in healthy populations. Here, we examined the impact of a KD on sexual behavior in young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats maintained on either a KD or standard chow diet (SD). We found that KD males exhibited higher mount rates, higher intromission rates (third and fourth tests only), and lower ejaculation likelihood (second test only) compared to SD males. Consequently, it may be that experience-dependent changes in the processing of sexual stimuli are not occurring as efficiently in KD males, thereby yielding the observed copulatory sequence alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tzianabos
- Neuroscience Program, Trinity College, 300 Summit Street, 217 Life Sciences Center, Hartford, CT 06106, United States
| | - Grace Chouinard
- Neuroscience Program, Trinity College, 300 Summit Street, 217 Life Sciences Center, Hartford, CT 06106, United States
| | - Luis Martinez
- Neuroscience Program, Trinity College, 300 Summit Street, 217 Life Sciences Center, Hartford, CT 06106, United States.
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Wu SY, Chao TC, Hsu CK, Chang HH, Yang SSD. Mechanism of Social Stress-Related Erectile Dysfunction in Mice: Impaired Parasympathetic Neurotransmission and Ketamine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11973. [PMID: 37569356 PMCID: PMC10419259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying social stress (SS)-induced erectile dysfunction (ED) and evaluate the effects of a single subanesthetic dose of ketamine on SS-related ED. Male FVB mice were exposed to retired male C57BL/6 mice for 60 min daily over a 4-week period. In the third week, these FVB mice received intraperitoneal injections of either saline (SSS group) or ketamine (SSK group). Erectile function was assessed by measuring the intracavernosal pressure (ICP) during electrical stimulation of the major pelvic ganglia. Corpus cavernosum (CC) strips were utilized for wire myography to assess their reactivity. Both SSS and SSK mice exhibited significantly lower ICP in response to electrical stimulation than control mice. SS mice showed increased contractility of the CC induced by phenylephrine. Acetylcholine-induced relaxation was significantly reduced in SSS and SSK mice. Sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation was higher in SSS mice compared to control and SSK mice. Nicotine-induced neurogenic and nitric oxide-dependent relaxation was significantly impaired in both SSS and SSK mice. An immunohistochemical analysis revealed co-localization of tyrosine hydroxylase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive fibers in the CC. These findings highlight the complex nature of SS-related ED and suggest the limited efficacy of ketamine as a therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Wu
- Department of Urology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan; (S.-Y.W.); (T.-C.C.); (C.-K.H.); (H.-H.C.)
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Chen Chao
- Department of Urology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan; (S.-Y.W.); (T.-C.C.); (C.-K.H.); (H.-H.C.)
| | - Chun-Kai Hsu
- Department of Urology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan; (S.-Y.W.); (T.-C.C.); (C.-K.H.); (H.-H.C.)
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - His-Hsien Chang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan; (S.-Y.W.); (T.-C.C.); (C.-K.H.); (H.-H.C.)
| | - Stephen Shei-Dei Yang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan; (S.-Y.W.); (T.-C.C.); (C.-K.H.); (H.-H.C.)
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
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Voronin MV, Vakhitova YV, Tsypysheva IP, Tsypyshev DO, Rybina IV, Kurbanov RD, Abramova EV, Seredenin SB. Involvement of Chaperone Sigma1R in the Anxiolytic Effect of Fabomotizole. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5455. [PMID: 34064275 PMCID: PMC8196847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (chaperone Sigma1R) is an intracellular protein with chaperone functions, which is expressed in various organs, including the brain. Sigma1R participates in the regulation of physiological mechanisms of anxiety (Su, T. P. et al., 2016) and reactions to emotional stress (Hayashi, T., 2015). In 2006, fabomotizole (ethoxy-2-[2-(morpholino)-ethylthio]benzimidazole dihydrochloride) was registered in Russia as an anxiolytic (Seredenin S. and Voronin M., 2009). The molecular targets of fabomotizole are Sigma1R, NRH: quinone reductase 2 (NQO2), and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) (Seredenin S. and Voronin M., 2009). The current study aimed to clarify the dependence of fabomotizole anxiolytic action on its interaction with Sigma1R and perform a docking analysis of fabomotizole interaction with Sigma1R. An elevated plus maze (EPM) test revealed that the anxiolytic-like effect of fabomotizole (2.5 mg/kg i.p.) administered to male BALB/c mice 30 min prior EPM exposition was blocked by Sigma1R antagonists BD-1047 (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) and NE-100 (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) pretreatment. Results of initial in silico study showed that fabomotizole locates in the active center of Sigma1R, reproducing the interactions with the site's amino acids common for established Sigma1R ligands, with the ΔGbind value closer to that of agonist (+)-pentazocine in the 6DK1 binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V. Voronin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.T.); (D.O.T.); (I.V.R.); (R.D.K.); (E.V.A.)
| | - Yulia V. Vakhitova
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.T.); (D.O.T.); (I.V.R.); (R.D.K.); (E.V.A.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sergei B. Seredenin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.T.); (D.O.T.); (I.V.R.); (R.D.K.); (E.V.A.)
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Itoga A, Zha X, Nagase K, Aoki Y, Ito H, Yokoyama O. Correcting imbalance of sex hormones by a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor improves copulatory dysfunction in male rats with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001111. [PMID: 32371530 PMCID: PMC7228473 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual dysfunction is a common complication in men with type 2 diabetes and is often refractory to treatment. This study investigated the long-term influence of the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5I) tadalafil on the level of sex hormones and sexual function in male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats as an animal model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We treated 36-week-old male OLETF and non-diabetic Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats with oral tadalafil (100 µg/kg/day) for 12 weeks; sham groups received vehicle for 12 weeks. Before and after tadalafil treatment, serum levels of total and free testosterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone and proinflammatory cytokines were compared among four treatment groups. Copulatory function was examined by matching each rat to an estrous female. After completion of the experiment, total fat mass in the abdomen was measured. RESULTS Testosterone levels were significantly lower in OLETF versus LETO rats at 36 weeks. After 12 weeks of tadalafil treatment, levels of testosterone were significantly increased both in OLETF-tadalafil and LETO-tadalafil groups versus vehicle groups. Tadalafil decreased estradiol levels both in OLETF and LETO rats. Furthermore, tadalafil increased serum LH levels with a reduction of proinflammatory cytokines. Total fat mass was significantly lower in the OLETF-tadalafil group versus the OLETF-vehicle group. A significant suppression of copulatory behavior, that is, elongation of intromission latency was found in OLETF rats. However, tadalafil treatment for 12 weeks shortened the intromission latency. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that tadalafil treatment might improve copulatory disorder in the type 2 diabetic model via improvement of an imbalance in sex hormones and an increase in LH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Itoga
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Xinmin Zha
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Keiko Nagase
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Aoki
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ito
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokoyama
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
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Pfaff DW, Baum MJ. Hormone-dependent medial preoptic/lumbar spinal cord/autonomic coordination supporting male sexual behaviors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 467:21-30. [PMID: 29100889 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone (T) can act directly through neural androgen receptors (AR) to facilitate male sexual behavior; however, T's metabolites also can play complicated and interesting roles in the control of mating. One metabolite, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) binds to AR with significantly greater affinity than that of T. Is that important behaviorally? Another metabolite, estradiol (E), offers a potential alternative route of facilitating male mating behavior by acting through estradiol receptors (ER). In this review we explore the roles and relative importance of T as well as E and DHT at various levels of the neuroaxis for the activation of male sex behavior in common laboratory animals and, when relevant research findings are available, in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald W Pfaff
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Michael J Baum
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
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Fokidis HB, Adomat HH, Kharmate G, Hosseini-Beheshti E, Guns ES, Soma KK. Regulation of local steroidogenesis in the brain and in prostate cancer: lessons learned from interdisciplinary collaboration. Front Neuroendocrinol 2015; 36:108-29. [PMID: 25223867 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sex steroids play critical roles in the regulation of the brain and many other organs. Traditionally, researchers have focused on sex steroid signaling that involves travel from the gonads via the circulation to intracellular receptors in target tissues. This classic concept has been challenged, however, by the growing number of cases in which steroids are synthesized locally and act locally within diverse tissues. For example, the brain and prostate carcinoma were previously considered targets of gonadal sex steroids, but under certain circumstances, these tissues can upregulate their steroidogenic potential, particularly when circulating sex steroid concentrations are low. We review some of the similarities and differences between local sex steroid synthesis in the brain and prostate cancer. We also share five lessons that we have learned during the course of our interdisciplinary collaboration, which brought together neuroendocrinologists and cancer biologists. These lessons have important implications for future research in both fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bobby Fokidis
- Department of Biology, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 37289, USA; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada.
| | - Hans H Adomat
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | | | | | - Emma S Guns
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Kiran K Soma
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Pluchino N, Giannini A, Cela V, Santoro AN, Carnevale G, Zavatti M, Di Viesti V, Benelli A, Genazzani AR, Zanoli P. Effect of DHEA therapy on sexual behavior in female rats. Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29:496-502. [PMID: 23445430 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.769518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Delta-5 androgen therapies seem to enhance the sexual response in experimental animal models and in clinical trial. This study analyzed the influence of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) administration on receptive and proceptive components of female rat sexual behavior. Ovariectomized (OVX) adult rats were divided in six groups submitted to the following treatments for 4 weeks: DHEA 0.5 and 5 mg/kg, by oral gavage, alone or in combination with estradiol benzoate 3 µg/rat; EB 3 and 10 µg/rat as control groups. All animals received progesterone (500 µg/rat) 4 h before the behavioral tests. All animals were tested for the following: receptivity and proceptivity weekly for 4 weeks; partner preference and paced mating behavior at the end of the treatments. Oral administration of DHEA at 5 mg/kg in EB primed rats was able to significantly increase proceptive behaviors, already after 1 week of treatment. The increase was more marked after 3 and 4 weeks of treatment. Behavioral changes were associated to modifications of circulating and brain level of allopregnanolone and beta-endorphin, although circulating hormonal levels were within a physiological range. Hormonal treatment using physiological doses of delta-5 androgens (DHEA) positively affects sexual motivation in OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pluchino
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Jeffress EC, Huhman KL. Copulatory and agonistic behavior in Syrian hamsters following social defeat. Aggress Behav 2013; 39:239-45. [PMID: 23382023 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Syrian hamsters are highly aggressive animals that reliably defend their home territory. After social defeat, however, hamsters no longer defend their home cage but instead display submissive and defensive behavior toward an intruder, a response that we have termed conditioned defeat. Plasma testosterone is significantly reduced in Syrian hamsters following repeated defeat suggesting that social defeat might also impair copulatory behavior. The present study aimed to determine whether copulatory behavior in male Syrian hamsters is suppressed following repeated social defeats and additionally whether exposure to a hormone-primed stimulus female after social defeat reduces the behavioral response to defeat. Hamsters were paired with an aggressive opponent for one or nine defeats using a resident-intruder model, while controls were placed into the empty cage of a resident aggressor. On the day after the last treatment, half of the hamsters were paired with a receptive female for 10 min. There were no significant differences in the copulatory behavior of defeated versus non-defeated hamsters, and the opportunity to copulate had no effect on subsequent conditioned defeat testing, as defeated animals displayed significantly more submissive behavior than did non-defeated animals. The current data suggest that conditioned defeat is not necessarily a maladaptive response to social stress, at least in terms of reproductive behavior, but may instead represent a viable behavioral strategy adopted by losing animals following social defeat. Further, these data indicate that conditioned defeat is relatively persistent and stable, as the opportunity to copulate does not reduce the subsequent display of submissive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Jeffress
- Neuroscience Institute, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University; Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kim L. Huhman
- Neuroscience Institute, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University; Atlanta, Georgia
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Hawley WR, Grissom EM, Belkin MN, James TF, Dohanich GP. Decreased sexual motivation and heightened anxiety in male Long-Evans rats are correlated with the memory for a traumatic event. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2013; 42:659-668. [PMID: 23070530 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-012-0017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Individuals suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently report disturbances in sexual functioning in addition to alterations in their affective behaviors. Notably, maladaptive cognitions and dysfunctional behaviors are perpetuated by the emergence of the intrusive thoughts that characterize the disorder. In rats, reminders of a traumatic event designed to simulate intrusive thoughts are associated with impairments in affective, social, and sexual behaviors. The current study examined the relationship between the memory for a traumatic event and changes in sexual and affective behaviors in male Long-Evans rats (N = 36). The trauma featured a combination stressor consisting of simultaneous exposure to a footshock and the odor of soiled cat litter. Memory for the trauma was reactivated by re-exposures to the context of the trauma in the absence of stressors and confirmed by assessing the percentage of time spent freezing. Following the second and final reminder, traumatized males exhibited reduced sexual motivation and increased anxiety, signified by longer latencies to achieve their first mount on a post-stress test of sexual behavior, and longer latencies to begin feeding in a novel environment, respectively. Correlational analyses revealed that decreased sexual motivation and heightened anxiety were predicted by the memory for the trauma as indicated by the time spent freezing during the re-exposures. The findings from the current study have implications for understanding the relationship between stress and sexual functioning and indicate that the impairments in sexual behavior that often occur in individuals with PTSD may be impacted by their memory for the trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne R Hawley
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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10
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Adrenarche and middle childhood. HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2012; 22:327-49. [PMID: 22388879 DOI: 10.1007/s12110-011-9120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Middle childhood, the period from 6 to 12 years of age, is defined socially by increasing autonomy and emotional regulation, somatically by the development of anatomical structures for subsistence, and endocrinologically by adrenarche, the adrenal production of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Here I suggest that DHEA plays a key role in the coordinated development of the brain and body beginning with middle childhood, via energetic allocation. I argue that with adrenarche, increasing levels of circulating DHEA act to down-regulate the release of glucose into circulation and hence limit the supply of glucose which is needed by the brain for synaptogenesis. Furthermore, I suggest the antioxidant properties of DHEA may be important in maintaining synaptic plasticity throughout middle childhood within slow-developing areas of the cortex, including the insula, thamalus, and anterior cingulate cortex. In addition, DHEA may play a role in the development of body odor as a reliable social signal of behavioral changes associated with middle childhood.
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Miwa Y, Nagase K, Oyama N, Akino H, Yokoyama O. Effect of Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor Receptor Antagonist on Psychologically Suppressed Masculine Sexual Behavior in Rats. J Sex Med 2011; 8:688-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.02055.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Hawley W, Grissom E, Keskitalo L, Hastings T, Dohanich G. Sexual motivation and anxiety-like behaviors of male rats after exposure to a trauma followed by situational reminders. Physiol Behav 2011; 102:181-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Cobos EJ, Entrena JM, Nieto FR, Cendán CM, Del Pozo E. Pharmacology and therapeutic potential of sigma(1) receptor ligands. Curr Neuropharmacol 2010; 6:344-66. [PMID: 19587856 PMCID: PMC2701284 DOI: 10.2174/157015908787386113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma (σ) receptors, initially described as a subtype of opioid receptors, are now considered unique receptors. Pharmacological studies have distinguished two types of σ receptors, termed σ1 and σ2. Of these two subtypes, the σ1 receptor has been cloned in humans and rodents, and its amino acid sequence shows no homology with other mammalian proteins. Several psychoactive drugs show high to moderate affinity for σ1 receptors, including the antipsychotic haloperidol, the antidepressant drugs fluvoxamine and sertraline, and the psychostimulants cocaine and methamphetamine; in addition, the anticonvulsant drug phenytoin allosterically modulates σ1 receptors. Certain neurosteroids are known to interact with σ1 receptors, and have been proposed to be their endogenous ligands. These receptors are located in the plasma membrane and in subcellular membranes, particularly in the endoplasmic reticulum, where they play a modulatory role in intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Sigma1 receptors also play a modulatory role in the activity of some ion channels and in several neurotransmitter systems, mainly in glutamatergic neurotransmission. In accordance with their widespread modulatory role, σ1 receptor ligands have been proposed to be useful in several therapeutic fields such as amnesic and cognitive deficits, depression and anxiety, schizophrenia, analgesia, and against some effects of drugs of abuse (such as cocaine and methamphetamine). In this review we provide an overview of the present knowledge of σ1 receptors, focussing on σ1 ligand neuropharmacology and the role of σ1 receptors in behavioral animal studies, which have contributed greatly to the potential therapeutic applications of σ1 ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Cobos
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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The relationship of serum and salivary cortisol levels to male sexual dysfunction as measured by the International Index of Erectile Function. Int J Impot Res 2009; 21:207-12. [PMID: 19421198 PMCID: PMC2834333 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2009.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the biomarkers of sexual function, we investigated the relationship between questionnaire responses and biological hormones such as testosterone (T) and cortisol (F) in serum and saliva. The study population included 105 men aged 30-72 years (mean: 49+/-4.5, median: 49). Levels of all serum hormones (Total-T, Free-T, Bioavailable-T, Total-F and Bioavailable-F) and salivary hormones (Saliva-T and Saliva-F) were measured directly by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) was used as a questionnaire to evaluate sexual dysfunction. Free-T and Bioavailable-T showed significant inverse correlations with age (P<0.01). In the group not taking antidepressants, the levels of Bioavailable-F and Saliva-F showed significant inverse correlations with a portion of the IIEF score (P<0.05). However, reductions in Bioavailable-T and Saliva-T showed no association with the IIEF score. In the group taking antidepressants, these hormone levels showed no correlation with IIEF.
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15
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Kimata H. Short-term Improvement of Erectile Dysfunction by Viewing Humorous Films in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. J Sex Med 2008; 5:2107-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00767.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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