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Constantin AT, Delia C, Tudor LM, Rosca I, Irimie AD, Năstase L, Gherghina I. Dyslipidemia in Pediatric Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1434. [PMID: 37629724 PMCID: PMC10456487 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in dyslipidemia in adult patients since it is known to contribute to early cardiovascular disease. Often, dyslipidemia starts in childhood, and it is associated with aggravating lifestyle choices concerning eating habits, such as the tendency to consume processed food and fast food, as well as the tendency to be more and more sedentary. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study describing the prevalence of dyslipidemia in a single medical center in Romania and the associated pathology. We evaluated all lipid profiles that were ordered in our clinic over nine years. We included 2413 patients that were evaluated in our clinic in the timeframe 2011-2020. Out of them, 18.23% had high values for LDL-cholesterol. More than a quarter (25.91%) were diagnosed with obesity. 11.37% of the patients with high LDL-cholesterol levels had various metabolic disorders including primary dyslipidemia. A small number of patients with hypercholesterolemia had thyroid disorders (4.10%). Patients with high LDL-cholesterol had various diagnoses ranging from metabolic to neurologic disorders, keeping in mind that there are multiple pathologies that can lead to dyslipidemia. Evaluating children for dyslipidemia is at hand for medical professionals. Screening for dyslipidemia in children would provide the opportunity to prevent rather than treat cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Teodora Constantin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.T.C.)
- Pediatrics Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health “Alessandrescu-Rusescu”, 020395 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.)
| | - Corina Delia
- Pediatrics Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health “Alessandrescu-Rusescu”, 020395 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucia Maria Tudor
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.T.C.)
- Pediatrics Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health “Alessandrescu-Rusescu”, 020395 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.)
| | - Ioana Rosca
- Faculty of Midwifery and Nursery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Neonatology Department, Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Prof. Dr. P.Sârbu”, 060251 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Daniela Irimie
- Pediatrics Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health “Alessandrescu-Rusescu”, 020395 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.)
| | - Leonard Năstase
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.T.C.)
- Neonatology Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health “Alessandrescu-Rusescu”, 020395 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioan Gherghina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.T.C.)
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Zhong YM, Luo XC, Chen Y, Lai DL, Lu WT, Shang YN, Zhang LL, Zhou HY. Acupuncture versus sham acupuncture for simple obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Postgrad Med J 2020; 96:221-227. [PMID: 32015189 PMCID: PMC7146934 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-137221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing chronic health problem worldwide. Studies about acupuncture for obesity treatment are many. But there are some doubts about the effectiveness of acupuncture versus sham acupuncture in treating obesity due to its lack of medical evidence. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of acupuncture for obesity treatment and provide clinic evidence. Four English databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and four Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese BioMedical Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database and Wan-Fang Data) were searched from their receptions to August 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using the comparison between acupuncture and sham acupuncture to treat simple obesity were included. The primary outcome of body mass index (BMI) would be used to measure the effect of acupuncture on obesity. According to the trial data extraction form based on the Cochrane Handbook, two reviewers separately extracted the data. Risk of bias of the RCTs was assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The study included 8 RCTs with 403 patients. When compared with sham acupuncture, acupuncture showed obviously effect in BMI reduction (MD=1.0kg/m2, 95% CI=0.6 to 1.4, P<0.001). There was also significant reduction in body weight (MD=1.85kg, 95%CI=0.82 to 2.88, p<0.001), WC (MD=0.97cm, 95%CI=0.24 to 1.71, p=0.01) and body fat mass percentage (MD=1.01, 95%CI=0.25 to 1.77, p<0.05). However, WHR (MD=0.01, 95%CI=0 to 0.03, p>0.05) was not statistically and significantly different between the acupuncture and control groups. Adverse effects were reported in 3 studies. The review suggests that acupuncture is an effective therapy for simple obesity rather than a placebo effect. This potential benefit needs to be further evaluated by longer-term and more rigorous RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Zhong
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Chao Luo
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - De-Li Lai
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, UESTC, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Ting Lu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Nan Shang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin-Lin Zhang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhou
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Dietary Patterns and Risk of Obesity and Early Childhood Caries in Australian Toddlers: Findings from an Australian Cohort Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112828. [PMID: 31752293 PMCID: PMC6893454 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined associations between dietary patterns at 12 months, characterised using multiple methodologies, and risk of obesity and early childhood caries (ECC) at 24–36 months. Participants were Australian toddlers (n = 1170) from the Study of Mothers’ and Infants’ Life Events affecting oral health (SMILE) birth cohort. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and the Dietary Guideline Index for Children and Adolescents (DGI-CA) were applied to dietary intake data (1, 2 or 3-days) at 12 months, and regression analysis used to examine associations of dietary patterns with body mass index Z-score and presence of ECC at 24–36 months. Two dietary patterns were extracted using PCA: family diet and cow’s milkanddiscretionary combination. The mean DGI-CA score was 56 ± 13 (out of a possible 100). No statistically significant or clinically meaningful associations were found between dietary pattern or DGI-CA scores, and BMI Z-scores or ECC (n = 680). Higher cow’s milk and discretionary combination pattern scores were associated with higher energy and free sugars intakes, and higher family diet pattern scores and DGI-CA scores with lower free sugars intakes. The association between dietary patterns and intermediate outcomes of free sugars and energy intakes suggests that obesity and/or ECC may not yet have manifested, and thus longitudinal investigation beyond two years of age is warranted.
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Wiss DA, Avena N, Rada P. Sugar Addiction: From Evolution to Revolution. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:545. [PMID: 30464748 PMCID: PMC6234835 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic has been widely publicized in the media worldwide. Investigators at all levels have been looking for factors that have contributed to the development of this epidemic. Two major theories have been proposed: (1) sedentary lifestyle and (2) variety and ease of inexpensive palatable foods. In the present review, we analyze how nutrients like sugar that are often used to make foods more appealing could also lead to habituation and even in some cases addiction thereby uniquely contributing to the obesity epidemic. We review the evolutionary aspects of feeding and how they have shaped the human brain to function in "survival mode" signaling to "eat as much as you can while you can." This leads to our present understanding of how the dopaminergic system is involved in reward and its functions in hedonistic rewards, like eating of highly palatable foods, and drug addiction. We also review how other neurotransmitters, like acetylcholine, interact in the satiation processes to counteract the dopamine system. Lastly, we analyze the important question of whether there is sufficient empirical evidence of sugar addiction, discussed within the broader context of food addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Wiss
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicole Avena
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pedro Rada
- School of Medicine, University of Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
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Lima RPA, do Nascimento RAF, Luna RCP, Persuhn DC, da Silva AS, da Conceição Rodrigues Gonçalves M, de Almeida ATC, de Moraes RM, Junior EV, Fouilloux-Meugnier E, Vidal H, Pirola L, Magnani M, de Oliveira NFP, Prada PO, de Carvalho Costa MJ. Effect of a diet containing folate and hazelnut oil capsule on the methylation level of the ADRB3 gene, lipid profile and oxidative stress in overweight or obese women. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:110. [PMID: 29046732 PMCID: PMC5640916 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of genes that play an important role in the development of obesity are needed, especially studies focusing on genes that regulate food intake and affect nutrient metabolism. For example, the beta-3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) responds to noradrenaline and mediates lipolysis in adipocytes. Methods This was a controlled intervention study involving 40 overweight and obese adult women in which food intake, anthropometric measurements, biochemical analyses, and methylation levels of the ADRB3 gene were evaluated before and after intervention. The individuals were randomized into four groups: group 1 (G1) received 300 g of vegetables and legumes containing on average 191 μg/day of folate and 1 hazelnut oil capsule; group 2 (G2) received 300 g of vegetables and legumes containing on average 191 μg/day of folate and 1 placebo capsule; group 3 (G3) received 300 g of vegetables and legumes containing on average 90 μg/day of folate and 1 hazelnut oil capsule; and individuals in group 4 (G4) were only followed-up and maintained their regular dietary habits. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student’s t test and simple regression, using STATA 13 software. Results In the total sample, after the intervention, the women classified as overweight and obese did not present weight loss, and there was a reduction in the methylation levels of the ADRB3 gene and malondialdehyde, as well as an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total antioxidant capacity. Conclusions The beneficial effect of the intake of a hazelnut capsule on the methylation levels of the ADRB3 gene was demonstrated for the first time. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT 02846025
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Patrícia Ataíde Lima
- Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center (Centro de Ciências da Saúd-CCS), Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), João Pessoa, Brazil.,Present Address: Pós-graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, NIESN-Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Estudos em Saúde e Nutrição/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, PB 58059-900 Brazil
| | - Rayner Anderson Ferreira do Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Human Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences (Centro de Ciências Exatas da Natureza-CCEN), Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Darlene Camati Persuhn
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology CCEN, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessio Tony Cavalcanti de Almeida
- Department of Economics, Center for Applied Social Sciences (Centro de Ciências Sociais Aplicada-CCSA), Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ronei Marcos de Moraes
- Graduate Program in Decision Models in Health, CCEN, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Verly Junior
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Hubert Vidal
- University of Lyon 1, CARMEN-Vileurbanne Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Luciano Pirola
- University of Lyon 1, CARMEN-Vileurbanne Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marciane Magnani
- Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, CCS, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Oliveira Prada
- Graduate Program in Nutritional and Sport Sciences and Metabolism (Ciências da Nutrição, do Esporte e Metabolismo-CNEM), School of Applied Sciences (Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas-FCA), State University of Campinas (Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Chi DL, Luu M, Chu F. A scoping review of epidemiologic risk factors for pediatric obesity: Implications for future childhood obesity and dental caries prevention research. J Public Health Dent 2017; 77 Suppl 1:S8-S31. [PMID: 28600842 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTIONS What are the non-modifiable (socioeconomic, genetic) and modifiable factors (physical activity, dietary behaviors) related to childhood (under age 12) obesity? How can this knowledge be applied to oral health professionals' efforts to prevent or manage dental caries in children? OBJECTIVES Studies have identified risk factors for childhood obesity. The purpose of this scoping review was to develop a conceptual model to identify non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors for childhood obesity and to illustrate how these findings are relevant in developing interventions aimed at preventing obesity and dental caries in children. METHODS The authors searched PubMed and Embase and limited the study to English-language publications. A total of 2,572 studies were identified. After de-duplication, 2,479 studies remained and were downloaded into a citation-management tool. Two authors screened the titles and abstracts for relevance. Two hundred and sixty studies remained and were retrieved for a full-text review, and 80 studies were excluded, resulting in 180 studies included in the scoping review. An inductive content analytic methods was used to organize all statistically significant obesity risk factors into seven domains, which were classified as non-modifiable or modifiable; then a conceptual model of common risk factors associated with childhood obesity and dental caries was developed. RESULTS Non-modifiable obesity risk factors include biological and developmental (e.g., genes, developmental conditions, puberty), sociodemographic and household (e.g., race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, parent education, unemployment), cultural (e.g., degree of acculturation), and community (e.g., neighborhood composition). Modifiable risk factors included behavioral (e.g., diet, physical activity, weight), psychosocial (e.g., maternal stress, family functioning, parenting practices, child temperament), and medical (e.g., parent smoking, maternal health, child health). CONCLUSIONS Identifying common risk factors has important implications for future oral health research aimed at preventing childhood obesity and dental caries. Epidemiologic knowledge gleaned from the literature can be used to develop rigorous interventions and programs aimed at preventing these highly prevalent diseases and improving health outcomes for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L Chi
- Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Monique Luu
- Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Frances Chu
- Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Kim DW, Glendining KA, Grattan DR, Jasoni CL. Maternal Obesity in the Mouse Compromises the Blood-Brain Barrier in the Arcuate Nucleus of Offspring. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2229-42. [PMID: 27054554 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The arcuate nucleus (ARC) regulates body weight in response to blood-borne signals of energy balance. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in the ARC is determined by capillary endothelial cells (ECs) and tanycytes. Tight junctions between ECs limit paracellular entry of blood-borne molecules into the brain, whereas EC transporters and fenestrations regulate transcellular entry. Tanycytes appear to form a barrier that prevents free diffusion of blood-borne molecules. Here we tested the hypothesis that gestation in an obese mother alters BBB permeability in the ARC of offspring. A maternal high-fat diet model was used to generate offspring from normal-weight (control) and obese dams (OffOb). Evans Blue diffusion into the ARC was higher in OffOb compared with controls, indicating that ARC BBB permeability was altered. Vessels investing the ARC in OffOb had more fenestrations than controls, although the total number of vessels was not changed. A reduced number of tanycytic processes in the ARC of OffOb was also observed. The putative transporters, Lrp1 and dysferlin, were up-regulated and tight junction components were differentially expressed in OffOb compared with controls. These data suggest that maternal obesity during pregnancy can compromise BBB formation in the fetus, leading to altered BBB function in the ARC after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Won Kim
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Kelly A Glendining
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - David R Grattan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Christine L Jasoni
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Lopomo A, Burgio E, Migliore L. Epigenetics of Obesity. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 140:151-84. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chang CJ, Jian DY, Lin MW, Zhao JZ, Ho LT, Juan CC. Evidence in obese children: contribution of hyperlipidemia, obesity-inflammation, and insulin sensitivity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125935. [PMID: 26011530 PMCID: PMC4444301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence shows a high incidence of insulin resistance, inflammation and dyslipidemia in adult obesity. The aim of this study was to assess the relevance of inflammatory markers, circulating lipids, and insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese children. Methods We enrolled 45 male children (aged 6 to 13 years, lean control = 16, obese = 19, overweight = 10) in this study. The plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose and insulin levels, the circulating levels of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1, and the high-sensitive CRP level were determined using quantitative colorimetric sandwich ELISA kits. Results Compared with the lean control subjects, the obese subjects had obvious insulin resistance, abnormal lipid profiles, and low-grade inflammation. The overweight subjects only exhibited significant insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation. Both TNF-α and leptin levels were higher in the overweight/obese subjects. A concurrent correlation analysis showed that body mass index (BMI) percentile and fasting insulin were positively correlated with insulin resistance, lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers but negatively correlated with adiponectin. A factor analysis identified three domains that explained 74.08% of the total variance among the obese children (factor 1: lipid, 46.05%; factor 2: obesity-inflammation, 15.38%; factor 3: insulin sensitivity domains, 12.65%). Conclusions Our findings suggest that lipid, obesity-inflammation, and insulin sensitivity domains predominantly exist among obese children. These factors might be applied to predict the outcomes of cardiovascular diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jen Chang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Yuan Jian
- Institutes of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Wen-Lin Hemodialysis Unit, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lin
- Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Zhi Zhao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Low-Tone Ho
- Institutes of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Juan
- Institutes of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Mokhtari T, Jamaluddin R, Saad HA. Lifestyle and Psychological Factors Associated with Body Weight Status among University Students in Malaysia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2015.18.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Burgio E, Lopomo A, Migliore L. Obesity and diabetes: from genetics to epigenetics. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:799-818. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Krośniak M, Francik R, Wojtanowska-Krośniak A, Tedeschi C, Krasoń-Nowak M, Chłopicka J, Gryboś R. Vanadium methyl-bipyridine organoligand and its influence on energy balance and organs mass. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:376-82. [PMID: 25015881 PMCID: PMC4127192 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the treatment of lifestyle diseases, including metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, it is important to lower body mass and fat tissue, and consequently, to increase insulin-sensitivity. Unfortunately, it often happens that low-energy diet which would lower overweight is not observed and, thus, it does not bring the expected effects. This paper discusses the influence of three diets-control, high-fructose, and high-fatty diet-on absorption of energy from food in order to transform it into body mass. The kJ/g ratio which describes this process has been calculated. In the tested diets, the addition of fructose (79.13 ± 2.47 kJ/g) or fat (82.48 ± 2.28 kJ/g) results in higher transformation of energy into body mass than in the case of control diet (89.60 ± 1.86 kJ/g). The addition of Na[VO(O2)2(4,4′-Me2-2,2′-bpy)]•8H2O (where 4,4′-Me2-2,2′-bpy = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine) results in statistical increase of that ratio: fructose diet (86.88 ± 0.44 kJ/g), fat diet (104.68 ± 3.01 kJ/g), and control diet (115.98 ± 0.56 kJ/g), respectively. Fat diet statistically influences the decrease of kidney mass in comparison to the other diets. The application of the tested vanadium compound results also in the statistical decrease of the fatty liver caused by fructose and fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Krośniak
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Francik
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
- State Higher Vocational School, Institute of Health, Staszica 1 Str, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wojtanowska-Krośniak
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Cinzia Tedeschi
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Student at the Faculty of Pharmacy Nutritional and Health Sciences–Calabria University, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; participant of Erasmus Program in the, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Krasoń-Nowak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Chłopicka
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ryszard Gryboś
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena Str, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
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Sanders TR, Kim DW, Glendining KA, Jasoni CL. Maternal obesity and IL-6 lead to aberrant developmental gene expression and deregulated neurite growth in the fetal arcuate nucleus. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2566-77. [PMID: 24773340 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity during pregnancy increases the risk of obesity in the offspring. Several observations have pointed to a causative role for the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6, but whether it is present in the fetal circulation and how it acts on the developing fetus are unclear. We first observed that postnatal day 0 offspring from obese mothers had significantly reduced neuropeptide Y (NPY) innervation of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) compared with that for offspring of normal-weight controls. Thus, the growth of NPY neurites from the arcuate nucleus (ARC) was impaired in the fetal brain by maternal obesity. The neurite growth regulator, Netrin-1, was expressed in the ARC and PVN and along the pathway between the two at gestational day (GD) 17.5 in normal animals, making it likely to be involved in the development of NPY ARC-PVN projections. In addition, the expression of Dcc and Unc5d, receptors for Netrin-1, were altered in the GD17.5 ARC in obese but not normal weight pregnancies. Thus, this important developmental pathway is perturbed by maternal obesity and may explain the defect in NPY innervation of the PVN that occurs in fetuses developing in obese mothers. To investigate whether IL-6 may play a role in these developmental changes, we found first that IL-6 was significantly elevated in the fetal and maternal circulation in pregnancies of obese mice compared with those of normal-weight mice. In addition, treatment of GD17.5 ARC tissue with IL-6 in vitro significantly reduced ARC neurite outgrowth and altered developmental gene expression similar to maternal obesity in vivo. These findings demonstrate that maternal obesity may alter the way in which fetal ARC NPY neurons respond to key developmental signals that regulate normal prenatal neural connectivity and suggest a causative role for elevated IL-6 in these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa R Sanders
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Gravida: National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Milagro F, Mansego M, De Miguel C, Martínez J. Dietary factors, epigenetic modifications and obesity outcomes: Progresses and perspectives. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 34:782-812. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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