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Harper A. Management of febrile neutropenia in canine and feline oncology patients. IN PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/inpr.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tanaka N, Takizawa T, Tanaka R, Okano S, Funayama S, Iwasaki T. Pilot prescription survey of antineoplastic agents: real-world data from veterinary teaching hospitals in Japan. Vet Med Sci 2019; 5:297-306. [PMID: 31099493 PMCID: PMC6682792 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The collection of real clinical records from veterinary practices and analysis of these records helps to establish evidence‐based veterinary medicine and further improves animal health and welfare. Prior to the collection of nationwide clinical records, we downloaded the data from the digital accounting systems of two veterinary teaching hospitals in Japan, and the prescriptions of antineoplastic agents were surveyed for a 5‐year period from 2009 to 2013. The ratio of the number of patients prescribed antineoplastic agents to the total number of prescriptions was <5% at both hospitals, and >80% of those patients were dogs. The overall number of prescriptions included more oral rather than injectable formations, whereas among antineoplastic agents, injectable formulations were prescribed more frequently at both hospitals. The most frequently prescribed agents were almost identical at both hospitals: platinum compounds, such as carboplatin and cisplatin (CDDP), vincristine and doxorubicin. The most frequently prescribed product combined with CDDP was doxorubicin at Hospital A. Antiemetic agents combined with CDDP included dexamethasone, ondansetron and metoclopramide, but these antiemetic agents were combined fewer than 10 times among 197 CDDP prescriptions. The prescription history, including the number of prescriptions, dosing intervals and combined medications, was provided by the survey. Although the present database consisted of data from two hospitals, our results indicate that a broad analysis can be conducted using integrated data from multiple hospitals and practices for further cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takizawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shozo Okano
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shinji Funayama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshio Iwasaki
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Treatment options for animals with cancer are rapidly expanding, including in exotic animal medicine. Limited information is available about treatment effects in exotic pet species beyond individual case reports. Most cancer treatment protocols in exotic animals are extrapolated from those described in humans, dogs, and cats. This review provides an update on cancer treatment in exotic animal species. The Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance accumulates clinical cases in a central location with standardized clinical information, with resources to help clinicians find and enter their cases for the collective good of exotic clinicians and their patients.
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Smith AN, Klahn S, Phillips B, Parshley L, Bennett P, Flory A, Calderon R. ACVIM small animal consensus statement on safe use of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics in veterinary practice. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:904-913. [PMID: 29603372 PMCID: PMC5980460 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this report is to offer a consensus opinion of ACVIM oncology diplomates and technicians on the safe use of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics in veterinary practice. The focus is on minimizing harm to the personnel exposed to the drugs: veterinary practitioners, veterinary technicians, veterinary staff, and pet owners. The safety of the patient receiving these drugs is also of paramount importance, but is not addressed in this statement. Much of the information presented is based on national recommendations by Occupational Safety and Health Administration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, United States Pharmacopeia, and other published regulations. These directives reflect an abundance of caution to minimize exposure to medical personnel, but large-scale studies about the consequences of long-term occupational exposure are not available in veterinary medicine. Challenges in the delivery of optimal treatment safely and economically to veterinary patients in general practice without access to a veterinary oncologist or other specialist, because of costs or proximity, remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette N. Smith
- Department of Clinical SciencesAuburn University College of Veterinary MedicineAuburnAlabama
| | - Shawna Klahn
- Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesVirginia–Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginia
| | - Brenda Phillips
- Oncology Veterinary Specialty Hospital of San DiegoSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Lisa Parshley
- Oncology Olympia Veterinary Cancer CenterOlympiaWashington
| | - Peter Bennett
- Oncology University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Sydney, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Andi Flory
- Oncology Veterinary Specialty Hospital of San DiegoSan DiegoCalifornia
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Tanaka N, Takizawa T, Miyamoto N, Funayama S, Tanaka R, Okano S, Iwasaki T. Real world data of a veterinary teaching hospital in Japan: a pilot survey of prescribed medicines. Vet Rec Open 2017; 4:e000218. [PMID: 29018532 PMCID: PMC5623336 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2016-000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The prescription data from a digital accounting system of a veterinary teaching hospital collected between 2008 and 2011 in Japan were downloaded, stored in a database and analysed using a statistical analysis software, SAS. Seventy-six per cent of all prescriptions were drugs approved for human beings. The most frequently prescribed category was 'Agents against pathogenic organisms', such as antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents, followed by 'Cardiovascular agents'. Seventy-five per cent of prescribed oral formulations in the category 'Agents against pathogenic organisms' were drugs approved for human beings, while 78 per cent of the injectable prescriptions were those for veterinary. A total of 36 oral antipathogenic products were prescribed, and among them amoxicillin was prescribed the most, followed by cephalexin for human beings and enrofloxacin for veterinary. The pattern of cyclosporin prescription, which is the most prescribed product other than 'Agents against pathogenic organisms', was surveyed. The capsule formulation was primarily used for dogs, while oral solutions were preferably used for cats. This pilot study is the first analytical data of real prescription in hospitals in Japan and one of the longest surveys in veterinary world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Kitaadachi-gun, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takizawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science Shiomi-cho Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nao Miyamoto
- Global Clinical Development, PPD-SNBL K K, Tokyo, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Shinji Funayama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Kitaadachi-gun, Japan
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syozo Okano
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Toshio Iwasaki
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Hall AL, Demers PA, Astrakianakis G, Ge C, Peters CE. Estimating National-Level Exposure to Antineoplastic Agents in the Workplace: CAREX Canada Findings and Future Research Needs. Ann Work Expo Health 2017; 61:656-658. [PMID: 28595280 PMCID: PMC6824530 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxx042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents occurs in various environments and is associated with increased cancer risk and adverse reproductive outcomes. National-level information describing the location and extent of occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents is unavailable in Canada and most other countries. CAREX Canada aimed to estimate the prevalence and relative levels of occupational exposures to antineoplastic agents across work setting, occupation, and sex. METHODS 'Exposure' was defined as any potential for worker contact with antineoplastic agents. Baseline numbers of licensed workers were obtained from their respective professional bodies. For unlicensed workers, Census data or data extrapolated from human resources reports (e.g., staffing ratios) were used. Prevalence was estimated by combining population estimates with exposure proportions from peer-reviewed and grey literature. Exposure levels (classified as low, moderate, and high) by occupation and work setting were estimated qualitatively by combining estimates of contact frequency and exposure control practices. RESULTS Approximately 75000 Canadians (0.42% of the total workforce) are estimated as occupationally exposed to antineoplastic agents; over 75% are female. The largest occupational group exposed to antineoplastic agents is community pharmacy workers, with 30200 exposed. By work setting, 39000 workers (52% of all exposed) are located in non-hospital settings; the remaining 48% are exposed in hospitals. The majority (75%) of workers are in the moderate exposure category. CONCLUSIONS These estimates of the prevalence and location of occupational exposures to antineoplastic agents could be used to identify high-risk groups, estimate disease burden, and target new research and prevention activities. The limited secondary data available for developing these estimates highlights the need for increased quantitative measurement and documentation of antineoplastic agent contamination and exposure, particularly in work environments where use is emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Hall
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Paul A. Demers
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario, B525 University Avenue, 3rd Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2L3, Canada
| | - George Astrakianakis
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Calvin Ge
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cheryl E. Peters
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., 5411 Herzberg Building, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- CAREX Canada, Simon Fraser University, 105 - 515 W. Hastings St., Downtown Campus, Vancouver, British Columbia V6B 5K3, Canada
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Barker DA, Foale RD, Holmes MA, Demetriou JL. Survey of UK-based veterinary surgeons' opinions on the use of surgery and chemotherapy in the treatment of canine high-grade mast cell tumour, splenic haemangiosarcoma and appendicular osteosarcoma. Vet Rec 2016; 179:572. [PMID: 27646049 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of recommendation of adjuvant chemotherapy by UK-based general veterinary practitioners (GVPs) for canine patients with high-grade mast cell tumours (HGMCTs), splenic haemangiosarcomas (SHSs) and appendicular osteosarcomas (AOSs); to determine which chemotherapeutic protocols are used by GVPs; and to evaluate reasons why chemotherapy may or may not be recommended postoperatively. An internet survey was created in 2013 using an online programme and was distributed to GVPs. Questions relating to the use of adjuvant chemotherapy for three tumours were selected. In total, 300 responses were generated. Surgery was seen as primary therapy by most GVPs for HGMCT (91 per cent) and SHS (88 per cent), but less frequently for AOS (59 per cent). Also, 90, 40 and 57 per cent of respondents recommended adjuvant chemotherapy for HGMCT, SHS and AOS, respectively. Of these, an appropriate chemotherapy protocol was not known by 25, 51 and 36 per cent of GVPs for HGMCT, SHS and AOS, respectively. From the GVPs not recommending chemotherapy, 29, 64 and 66 per cent did not believe chemotherapy to be efficacious for these tumours. The frequency of recommendation regarding postoperative chemotherapy is variable by tumour type. Reasons given why postoperative chemotherapy is not recommended also vary by tumour type.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Barker
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, Six Mile Bottom, Newmarket CB8 0UH, UK
| | - R D Foale
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, Six Mile Bottom, Newmarket CB8 0UH, UK
| | - M A Holmes
- The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - J L Demetriou
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, Six Mile Bottom, Newmarket CB8 0UH, UK
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Zambelli A. Feline Cancer Prevalence in South Africa (1998 – 2005): Contrasts with the Rest of the World. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.6000/1927-5129.2015.11.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Stoewen DL, Coe JB, MacMartin C, Stone EA, Dewey CE. Factors influencing veterinarian referral to oncology specialists for treatment of dogs with lymphoma and osteosarcoma in Ontario, Canada. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 243:1415-25. [PMID: 24171370 DOI: 10.2460/javma.243.10.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate factors influencing practitioner decisions to refer dogs with cancer to veterinary oncology specialists. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE 2,724 Ontario primary care companion animal veterinarians. PROCEDURES Practitioners were invited to participate in a survey involving clinical scenarios of canine cancer patients, offered online and in paper format from October 2010 through January 2011. Analyses identified factors associated with the decision to refer patients to veterinary oncology specialists. RESULTS 1,071 (39.3%) veterinarians responded, of which 603 (56.3%) recommended referral for dogs with multicentric lymphoma and appendicular osteosarcoma. Most (893/1,059 [84.3%]) practiced within < 2 hours' drive of a specialty referral center, and most (981/1,047 [93.7%]) were completely confident in the oncology service. Few (230/1,056 [21.8%] to 349/1,056 [33.0%]) were experienced with use of chemotherapeutics, whereas more (627/1,051 [59.7%]) were experienced with amputation. Referral was associated with practitioner perception of patient health status (OR, 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 2.07), the interaction between the client's bond with the dog and the client's financial status, practitioner experience with treating cancer (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.63 to 4.77), how worthwhile practitioners considered treatment to be (OR, 1.66 to 3.09; 95% CI, 1.08 to 4.72), and confidence in the referral center (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1. 11 to 4.34). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Several factors influenced practitioner decisions to refer dogs with lymphoma or osteosarcoma for specialty care. Understanding factors that influence these decisions may enable practitioners to appraise their referral decisions and ensure they act in the best interests of patients, clients, and the veterinary profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie L Stoewen
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Hall AL, Davies HW, Demers PA, Nicol AM, Peters CE. Occupational exposures to antineoplastic drugs and ionizing radiation in Canadian veterinary settings: findings from a national surveillance project. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2013; 104:e460-5. [PMID: 24495821 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.104.4167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although veterinary workers may encounter various occupational health hazards, a national characterization of exposures is lacking in Canada. This study used secondary data sources to identify veterinary exposure prevalence for ionizing radiation and antineoplastic agents, as part of a national surveillance project. METHODS For ionizing radiation, data from the Radiation Protection Bureau of Health Canada were used to identify veterinarians and veterinary technicians monitored in 2006. This was combined with Census statistics to estimate a prevalence range and dose levels. For antineoplastic agents, exposure prevalence was estimated using statistics on employment by practice type and antineoplastic agent usage rates, obtained from veterinary licensing bodies and peer-reviewed literature. RESULTS In 2006, 7,013 (37% of all) Canadian veterinary workers were monitored for ionizing radiation exposure. An estimated 3.3% to 8.2% of all veterinarians and 2.4% to 7.2% of veterinary technicians were exposed to an annual ionizing radiation dose above 0.1 mSv, representing a total of between 536 and 1,450 workers. All monitored doses were below regulatory limits. For antineoplastic agents, exposure was predicted in up to 5,300 (23%) of all veterinary workers, with an estimated prevalence range of 22% to 24% of veterinarians and 20% to 21% of veterinary technicians. CONCLUSION This is the first national-level assessment of exposure to ionizing radiation and antineoplastic agents in Canadian veterinary settings. These hazards may pose considerable health risks. Exposures appeared to be low, however our estimates should be validated with comprehensive exposure monitoring and examination of determinants across practice areas, occupations, and tasks.
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Mundy P, da Silva EC, Ledbetter EC. Effects of cyclophosphamide myelosuppression in adult dogs with latent canine herpesvirus-1 infection. Vet Microbiol 2012; 159:230-5. [PMID: 22480774 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Latent canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1) infection is common in domestic dogs, but triggers for viral reactivation and recrudescent CHV-1 disease are poorly understood. Cyclophosphamide is a potent immunosuppressive and myelosuppressive agent used for the therapy of a variety of neoplastic and immune-mediated canine disorders. Cyclophosphamide (200mg/m(2)) was administered to mature dogs latently infected with CHV-1 to determine its potential to induce recurrent CHV-1 disease and viral shedding. Non-infected dogs and dogs recovered from experimental primary ocular CHV-1 infection with experimentally confirmed latent CHV-1 infection were divided into groups and administered cyclophosphamide or placebo. Dogs were monitored for myelosuppression and viral reactivation for 28days using clinical and virological outcome measures. Clinical ophthalmic and in vivo ocular confocal microscopic examinations were performed at intervals. Samples were collected for CHV-1 polymerase chain reaction (PCR), CHV-1 virus neutralizing (VN) antibody, and hemogram assays. Myelosuppression (i.e., decreased total leukocyte, segmented neutrophil, and erythrocyte counts) was detected on study day 7 in dogs administered cyclophosphamide, but not dogs administered placebo. There were no abnormalities suggestive of recurrent CHV-1 ocular disease during clinical ophthalmic or in vivo confocal microscopic examination in any dogs during the study. Ocular CHV-1 shedding was not detected by PCR and CHV-1 VN titers remained stable in all dogs. Following study conclusion, the presence of reactivatable latency was reconfirmed in the infected dogs by administering systemic prednisolone. Myelosuppression elicited by a single dose of cyclophosphamide does not result in detectable recurrent ocular CHV-1 infection in adult dogs with experimentally induced latent CHV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mundy
- Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Bound NJ, Upjohn MJ, Jackson S, Baines SJ. Assessment of veterinary practitioners in the British Isles' approaches towards the management of canine osteoarthritis. Vet Rec 2011; 168:563. [PMID: 21622617 DOI: 10.1136/vr.d1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this questionnaire-based retrospective study was to ascertain veterinary practitioners in the British Isles' approaches to osteoarthritis in dogs. The Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple ordinal logistic regression were used to compare demographic data with treatment options. Questionnaires were returned by 228 practitioners (a response rate of 22.8 per cent). The majority of responses were from males (70 per cent). Eighty-six per cent (188 of 220) of the respondents had graduated from veterinary schools in the UK and Ireland. Veterinarians who had graduated less recently used exercise modulation less frequently (P<0.004, odds ratio [OR]=1.06) and ranked exercise modulation as less important (P=0.008, OR=1.04). Veterinarians who had graduated outside the UK or Ireland were less likely (P=0.033, OR=0.46) to use exercise modulation than those who had graduated in the UK or Ireland. Veterinarians who had graduated more recently were less likely (P=0.008, OR=0.95) to use medications. Female veterinary surgeons were less likely to rank medications as important (P<0.0001, OR=0.29) and less likely to rank corticosteroids as important (P=0.046, OR=0.42) than male veterinary surgeons. Practitioners who had graduated outside the UK or Ireland were less likely (P=0.01, OR=0.30) to rank corticosteroids as important. There was a significant mild negative correlation between the frequency of use of structure-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (SMOADs) and practitioners' opinions on rank importance (-0.32, P<0.0001). Medications such as SMOADs and nutraceuticals were ranked as not important but were used frequently. Overall, age, sex, the university of graduation and the number of canine consultations per day had an impact on the practitioners' treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Bound
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK.
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Martins D, Lopes S, Mazzanti C, Spanevello R, Schmatz R, Corrêa M, Stefanello N, Schetinger M, Morsch V, Veiga A. Lipid peroxidation in rats treated with vincristine sulphate and nandrolone decanoate. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352011000100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain and serum lipid peroxidation was studied in rats treated with vincristine sulphate and different doses of nandrolone decanoate. Thirty rats were distributed into six groups (n=5). The treatments were applied once a week for two weeks. Sample collection was performed in the third week. Treatments during the first week were: G1 (control) - physiologic solution, G2 - vincristine sulphate (4mg/m²), G3 - physiologic solution, G4 - physiologic solution, G5- vincristine sulphate (4mg/m²), and G6 - vincristine sulphate (4mg/m²). In the second week, they were: G1 (control) - physiologic solution, G2- physiologic solution, G3 - nandrolone decanoate (1.8mg/kg-1), G4 - nandrolone decanoate (10mg/kg-1), G5 - nandrolone decanoate (1.8mg/kg-1), and G6 - nandrolone decanoate (10mg/kg-1). Lipid peroxidation increased with the isolated use of vincristine and nandrolone decanoate, and with vincristine associated to the highest dose of the ester as well. These results suggest that vincristine sulphate and nandrolone decanoate increase free radical production. Therapeutic dose of nandrolone decanoate when associated with vincristine sulphate proved to be beneficial, as it was able to protect the organism from damaging processes involved in free radical production
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Thacker EL. Immunomodulators, immunostimulants, and immunotherapies in small animal veterinary medicine. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2010; 40:473-83. [PMID: 20471530 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulators, immunostimulants, and immunotherapies are important tools used by veterinary practitioners and researchers to control and direct the immune system of small animals. This article is an overview and summary of some of the most common immunomodulatory agents used in companion animals emphasizing steroidal and nonsteroidal agents, T-cell inhibitors, cytotoxic drugs, immunostimulators and biologic response modifying agents, and neoplasia chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen L Thacker
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 5601 Sunnyside Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-5148, USA.
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Bowles DB, Robson MC, Galloway PE, Walker L. Owner's perception of carboplatin in conjunction with other palliative treatments for cancer therapy. J Small Anim Pract 2010; 51:104-12. [PMID: 20070498 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2009.00891.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D B Bowles
- Veterinary Specialist Group, Carrington Road, Auckland, New Zealand
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Hughes K, Scase TJ, Ward C, Polton GA. Vincristine overdose in a cat: clinical management, use of calcium folinate, and pathological lesions. J Feline Med Surg 2009; 11:322-5. [PMID: 18774324 PMCID: PMC10911459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A 6-year-old female neutered Burmese cat received a 10 times overdose (5mg/m(2)) of vincristine, administered in error. Supportive therapy, including administration of calcium folinate, was instigated within 8h. Despite treatment, the patient exhibited deterioration in renal and respiratory function and died 72 h after overdose. Necropsy was performed within 24h of death. Gross examination revealed pulmonary oedema and a pale brown liver with a prominent lobular pattern. Histological examination revealed marked apoptosis and necrosis of the bone marrow myeloid series, and mild to moderate apoptosis and necrosis of the erythroid and megakaryocyte series. Multifocal necrosis of the renal tubules, hepatocytes, and small intestinal crypt epithelium was also observed. Use of calcium folinate as a rescue therapy following vincristine overdose in humans has been previously documented. If treatment is to be successful in cases of vincristine overdose in cats, then a more complete understanding of the pathogenesis of vincristine toxicity in companion animal species is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Hughes
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge Madingley Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0ES, UK.
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