1
|
Mahdiani S, Omidkhoda N, Rezaee R, Heidari S, Karimi G. Induction of JAK2/STAT3 pathway contributes to protective effects of different therapeutics against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113751. [PMID: 36162372 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficiency in coronary blood supply results in myocardial ischemia and consequently, various clinical syndromes and irreversible injuries. Myocardial damage occurs as a result of two processes during acute myocardial infarction (MI): ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. According to the available evidence, oxidative stress, excessive inflammation reaction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and apoptosis are crucial players in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. There is emerging evidence that Janus tyrosine kinase 2 (JAK2) signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway offers cardioprotection against myocardial IR injury. This article reviews therapeutics that exert cardioprotective effects against myocardial IR injury through induction of JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Mahdiani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Navid Omidkhoda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shadi Heidari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, He S, Du X, Jiang Y, Tian B, Xu S. Rapamycin suppresses hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced islet injury by up-regulation of miR-21 via PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Cell Prolif 2016; 50. [PMID: 27683229 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing evidences indicate that microRNAs may play a critical role in the regulation of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury, and their expression is associated with mTORC activity. We propose that rapamycin modulates H/R-induced islets injury by regulating microRNA expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated whether rapamycin treatment could alter the expression profile of miRNAs in islets. Furthermore, we assessed the islet apoptosis and function after H/R or syngeneic islet transplantation. RESULTS We found that rapamycin treatment significantly decreased H/R-induced islet apoptosis, and improved islet function in vivo and in vitro, and that miR-21 gene transcription is controlled by rapamycin. When the PI3k/Akt signalling pathways was blocked by wortmannin, the up-regulative effects of rapamycin on miR-21 expression were inhibited in vitro. Furthermore, our study clearly demonstrates that miR-21 is essential for the rapamycin-mediated protection islets against H/R injury. DISCUSSION Our findings indicate that up-regulation of miR-21 function in islets by treatment with rapamycin or overexpression of the miR-21 could represent a potential new therapy for the treatment of H/R injury. CONCLUSION The results of this study clearly suggest that rapamycin exerts its inhibitory effects on islets H/R injury by inducing miR-21 expression via PI3K/Akt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sirong He
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojion Du
- Department of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaowen Jiang
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bole Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyun Xu
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Matsuda S, Fujita T, Kajiya M, Kashiwai K, Takeda K, Shiba H, Kurihara H. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor prevents the endothelial barrier dysfunction induced by interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:444-51. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Matsuda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine; Division of Applied Life Sciences; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - T. Fujita
- Department of Periodontal Medicine; Division of Applied Life Sciences; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - M. Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine; Division of Applied Life Sciences; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - K. Kashiwai
- Department of Periodontal Medicine; Division of Applied Life Sciences; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - K. Takeda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine; Division of Applied Life Sciences; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - H. Shiba
- Department of Periodontal Medicine; Division of Applied Life Sciences; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - H. Kurihara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine; Division of Applied Life Sciences; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Das A, Salloum FN, Durrant D, Ockaili R, Kukreja RC. Rapamycin protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 53:858-69. [PMID: 22999860 PMCID: PMC3496042 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rapamycin (Sirolimus®) is used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs and coronary restenosis. We reported that rapamycin induced cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury through opening of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels. However, signaling mechanisms in rapamycin-induced cardioprotection are currently unknown. Considering that STAT3 is protective in the heart, we investigated the potential role of this transcription factor in rapamycin-induced protection against (I/R) injury. Adult male ICR mice were treated with rapamycin (0.25mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (DMSO) with/without inhibitor of JAK2 (AG-490) or STAT3 (stattic). One hour later, the hearts were subjected to I/R either in Langendorff mode or in situ ligation of left coronary artery. Additionally, primary murine cardiomyocytes were subjected to simulated ischemia-reoxygenation (SI/RO) injury in vitro. For in situ targeted knockdown of STAT3, lentiviral vector containing short hairpin RNA was injected into the left ventricle 3 weeks prior to initiating I/R injury. Infarct size, cardiac function, and cardiomyocyte necrosis and apoptosis were assessed. Rapamycin reduced infarct size, improved cardiac function following I/R, and limited cardiomyocyte necrosis as well as apoptosis following SI/RO which were blocked by AG-490 and stattic. In situ knock-down of STAT3 attenuated rapamycin-induced protection against I/R injury. Rapamycin triggered unique cardioprotective signaling including phosphorylation of ERK, STAT3, eNOS and glycogen synthase kinase-3ß in concert with increased prosurvival Bcl-2 to Bax ratio. Our data suggest that JAK2-STAT3 signaling plays an essential role in rapamycin-induced cardioprotection. We propose that rapamycin is a novel and clinically relevant pharmacological strategy to target STAT3 activation for treatment of myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Das
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ikonen T, Gummert J, Serkova N, Hayase M, Honda Y, Kobayase Y, Hausen B, Yock P, Christians U, Morris R. Efficacies of sirolimus (rapamycin) and cyclosporine in allograft vascular disease in non-human primates: trough levels of sirolimus correlate with inhibition of progression of arterial intimal thickening. Transpl Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2000.tb02049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
6
|
Lajoie C, El-Helou V, Proulx C, Clément R, Gosselin H, Calderone A. Infarct size is increased in female post-MI rats treated with rapamycin. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 87:460-70. [PMID: 19526041 DOI: 10.1139/y09-031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Rapamycin represents a recognized drug-based therapeutic approach to treat cardiovascular disease. However, at least in the female heart, rapamycin may suppress the recruitment of putative signalling events conferring cardioprotection. The present study tested the hypothesis that rapamycin-sensitive signalling events contributed to the cardioprotective phenotype of the female rat heart after an ischemic insult. Rapamycin (1.5 mg/kg) was administered to adult female Sprague-Dawley rats 24 h after complete coronary artery ligation and continued for 6 days. Rapamycin abrogated p70S6K phosphorylation in the left ventricle of sham rats and the noninfarcted left ventricle (NILV) of 1-week postmyocardial-infarcted (MI) rats. Scar weight (MI 0.028 +/- 0.006, MI+rapamycin 0.064 +/- 0.004 g) and surface area (MI 0.37 +/- 0.08, MI+rapamycin 0.74 +/- 0.03 cm2) were significantly larger in rapamycin-treated post-MI rats. In the NILV of post-MI female rats, rapamycin inhibited the upregulation of eNOS. Furthermore, the increased expression of collagen and TGF-beta3 mRNAs in the NILV were attenuated in rapamycin-treated post-MI rats, whereas scar healing was unaffected. The present study has demonstrated that rapamycin-sensitive signalling events were implicated in scar formation and reactive fibrosis. Rapamycin-mediated suppression of eNOS and TGF-beta3 mRNA in post-MI female rats may have directly contributed to the larger infarct and attenuation of the reactive fibrotic response, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claude Lajoie
- Université du Québec de Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Oroszlán M, Bieri M, Ligeti N, Farkas A, Koestner SC, Meier B, Mohacsi PJ. Proliferation Signal Inhibitor–induced Decrease of Vascular Endothelial Cadherin Expression and Increase of Endothelial Permeability In Vitro Are Prevented by an Anti-oxidant. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008; 27:1311-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
8
|
Khan S, Salloum F, Das A, Xi L, Vetrovec GW, Kukreja RC. Rapamycin confers preconditioning-like protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated mouse heart and cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2006; 41:256-64. [PMID: 16769083 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2006.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rapamycin (sirolimus) is an antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis through mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and is used as an immunosuppressant in the treatment of organ rejection in transplant recipients. Recently, the antigrowth properties of rapamycin have been utilized for cardiovascular benefit as stents impregnated with rapamycin effectively reduce coronary restenosis. We report here a novel role of this drug in protection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Adult male ICR mice were treated with rapamycin (0.25 mg/kg, IP) or volume-matched DMSO (solvent for rapamycin). The hearts were subjected to 20 min of global ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion in Langendorff mode. The blocker of mitochondrial KATP channel, 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, 100 microM) was given 10 min before ischemia. Infarct size in the DMSO treated group was 28.2 +/- 1.3% and was reduced to 10.1 +/- 2.8% in the rapamycin-treated mice (64% decrease, P < 0.001). 5-HD blocked the protective effect (infarct area 32.2 +/- 1.8%, P < 0.001 vs. rapamycin). The infarct limiting effect of rapamycin was not associated with improved recovery of ventricular function. We further examined the effect of rapamycin in protection against necrosis and apoptosis in adult cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated ischemia and reoxygenation. Myocytes treated with rapamycin in doses from 25-100 nM demonstrated significantly lower trypan blue-positive necrotic cells and TUNEL-positive apoptotic nuclei, supporting the protective role of drug in the intact heart. These data suggest that rapamycin induces potent preconditioning-like effect against myocardial infarction through opening of mitochondrial KATP channels. We propose that rapamycin may be a novel therapeutic strategy to limit infarction, apoptosis, and remodeling following I/R injury in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakil Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, 23298, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease that causes a progressive destruction of the pancreatic beta cells. As a result, the patient requires exogenous insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels. Both the pancreas and the islets of Langerhans have been transplanted successfully in humans and in animal models, resulting in full normalization of glucose homeostasis. However, insulin independence, transient or persistent, was documented in only a small fraction of cases until recently. The chronic immunosuppression required to avoid immunological rejection appears to be toxic to the islets and adds the risk of lymphoproliferative disease reported earlier. For islet transplantation to become the method of choice, it is essential first to identify islet-friendly immunosuppressive regimens and/or to develop methods that induce donor-specific tolerance and improve islet isolation and transplantation protocols. Indeed, researchers have already successfully allografted islets in the presence of nonsteroidal immunosuppression in a process known as the Edmonton protocol. An alternative method, gene therapy, could replace these other methods and better meet the insulin requirement of an individual without requiring pancreatic or islet transplantation. This alternative, however, requires animal models to develop and test clinical protocols and to demonstrate the feasibility of preclinical trials. Nonhuman primates are ideally suited to achieve these goals. The efforts toward developing a nonhuman primate diabetic model with demonstrable insulin dependence are discussed and include pancreatic and islet transplant trials to reverse the diabetic state and achieve insulin independence. Also described are the various protocols that have been tested in primates to circumvent immunosuppression by using tolerance induction strategies in lieu of immunosuppression, thus exploring the field of donor-specific tolerance that extends beyond islet transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi K Gaur
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bîrsan T, Hausen B, Higgins JP, Hubble RW, Klupp J, Stalder M, Celniker A, Friedrich S, O'Hara RM, Morris RE. Treatment with humanized monoclonal antibodies against CD80 and CD86 combined with sirolimus prolongs renal allograft survival in cynomolgus monkeys. Transplantation 2003; 75:2106-13. [PMID: 12829920 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000066806.10029.7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-stimulatory blockade has been shown to prolong allograft survival in different transplant models. We investigated the effect of combining humanized anti-CD80 and anti-CD86 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) with sirolimus in cynomolgus monkey renal transplant recipients. METHODS After renal transplantation, groups of four animals were treated daily with sirolimus, sirolimus and nine weekly doses of mAb, two weekly doses of mAb, or sirolimus and two weekly doses of mAb. RESULTS Survival was significantly better in monkeys treated with the combination of sirolimus and mAb when compared with treatment with either agent alone (P=0.0067 by log-rank analysis). When combined with sirolimus, nine weekly doses of mAb did not result in an additional survival benefit compared with only two mAb doses (P=0.74). None of the treatment regimens used in this study resulted in development of transplantation tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Sirolimus can be successfully combined with humanized mAb against CD80 and CD86. Induction with a short course of mAb is effective in prolonging allograft survival in combination with sirolimus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tudor Bîrsan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5407, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dambrin C, Klupp J, Bîrsan T, Luna J, Suzuki T, Lam T, Stähr P, Hausen B, Christians U, Fitzgerald P, Berry G, Morris R. Sirolimus (rapamycin) monotherapy prevents graft vascular disease in nonhuman primate recipients of orthotopic aortic allografts. Circulation 2003; 107:2369-74. [PMID: 12719285 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000065576.80196.a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed treatment with sirolimus (SRL) halts progression of graft vascular disease (GVD) in nonhuman primate (NHP) aortic allograft recipients. In this study, we investigated whether SRL monotherapy prevents the development of GVD. METHODS AND RESULTS Pairs of 3-cm infrarenal aortic segments were exchanged between mixed lymphocyte reaction-mismatched, blood group-compatible NHPs (n=12). Six NHPs were untreated controls, and 6 were treated orally with SRL starting on the day of transplantation. Follow-up was 105 days. SRL doses were adjusted individually by assessing SRL blood concentrations, immune function, and clinical status. The severity of GVD was determined every 3 weeks by intravascular ultrasound, which quantified intimal area (IA) and intimal volume (IV) for the middle 1-cm graft segments. The mean+/-SEM SRL plasma levels were 14.5+/-9 ng/mL. In grafts from treated NHPs, IA and IV values on days 63, 84, and 105 were significantly lower than for controls (P<0.05 to P<0.001). On day 105, in the grafts from SRL-treated NHPs compared with grafts from controls, values (mean+/-SEM) were IA, 2.9+/-0.9 versus 5.5+/-0.7 mm2, P<0.001 and IV, 29.6+/-4.6 versus 55.2+/-2.8 mm3, P<0.001; IA and IV values for grafts from SRL-treated NHPs did not increase significantly between days 21 and 105. CONCLUSIONS We show that SRL monotherapy prevented GVD in NHP aortic allograft recipients, suggesting the value of SRL for controlling GVD in clinical transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Dambrin
- Transplantation Immunology, Cardiothoracic Surgery , Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- K L Napoli
- Division of Immunology and Organ Transplantation, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ikonen TS, Gummert JF, Hayase M, Honda Y, Hausen B, Christians U, Berry GJ, Yock PG, Morris RE. Sirolimus (rapamycin) halts and reverses progression of allograft vascular disease in non-human primates. Transplantation 2000; 70:969-75. [PMID: 11014651 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200009270-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current immunosuppressive protocols fail to prevent chronic rejection often manifested as graft vascular disease (GVD) in solid organ transplant recipients. Several new immunosuppressants including sirolimus, a dual function growth factor antagonist, have been discovered, but studies of drug efficacy have been hampered by the lack of a model of GVD in primates, as a prelude to clinical trials. As described earlier, we have developed a novel non-human primate model of GVD where progression of GVD is quantified by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). METHODS Twelve cynomolgus monkeys underwent aortic transplantation from blood group compatible but mixed lymphocyte reaction-mismatched donors. To allow the development of GVD in the allograft, no treatment was administered for the first 6 weeks. Six monkeys were treated orally with sirolimus from day 45 after transplantation to day 105. RESULTS Progression of GVD measured as change in intimal area from day 42 to 105 was halted in sirolimus-treated monkeys compared to untreated monkeys (P<0.001, general linear model). On day 105, the intimal area +/- SEM was 3.7+/-1.0 and 6.4+/-0.5 mm2, respectively (P<0.05, t test). The magnitude of allograft intimal area on day 105 correlated inversely with sirolimus trough levels (R2=0.67, P<0.05). Regression of the intimal area was seen in four of six sirolimus-treated monkeys, which was significantly different from the untreated monkeys (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results in the first non-human primate model of GVD showed that treatment with sirolimus not only halted the progression of preexisting GVD but also was associated with partial regression. Sirolimus trough blood levels were correlated with efficacy. Therefore, sirolimus has the potential to control clinical chronic allograft rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T S Ikonen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Transplantation Immunology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Blazar BR, Taylor PA, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Vallera DA. Rapamycin Inhibits the Generation of Graft-Versus-Host Disease- and Graft-Versus-Leukemia-Causing T Cells by Interfering with the Production of Th1 or Th1 Cytotoxic Cytokines. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.11.5355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Rapamycin (RAPA), an inhibitor of cytokine responses, is under investigation in humans for graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) prevention. The mechanisms responsible for GVHD prevention are unknown. We show that RAPA is more effective in inhibiting CD8+ or TCR γδ+ than CD4+ T cell-mediated murine GVHD. To determine how RAPA inhibited GVHD, thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) were isolated from recipients of allogeneic donor grafts. Compared with controls, RAPA-treated recipients had a marked decrease in donor TDL T cell number between days 5 and 24 posttransplant. CD8+ T cell expansion was preferentially inhibited. RAPA inhibited Th1 or Th1 cytotoxic (Tc1) cytokines, but not Th2 or Tc2, cell generation. In situ mRNA hybridization also showed that TDL T cells from RAPA-treated mice had a lower frequency of granzyme B+ cells, indicating that RAPA inhibited the generation of CTL capable of mediating cytolysis through the release of granzyme B. In another system, RAPA was found to inhibit the GVL response of delayed donor lymphocyte infusions. Since CD8+ T cells are the primary effectors in this system, these data suggest that RAPA directly interfered with GVL effector cell expansion or function. We conclude that RAPA is effective in inhibiting Th1 or Tc1 cytokine production and CD8+ and TCRγδ+ T cell-mediated GVHD, but abrogates GVL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R. Blazar
- *Department of Pediatrics, Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation, and
| | | | | | - Daniel A. Vallera
- †Department of Therapeutic Radiology, University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinic, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
In the 1970s and 1980s, GVHD prevention approaches were limited in number. Recent advances in our understanding of the requirements for T-cell immune responses and for basic mechanism(s) involved in GVHD pathophysiology have led to exciting new strategies for GVHD prevention. This review focuses upon recent developments in GVHD prevention generated over the past 5 years. We have selected five different types of strategies to highlight including: 1) the in vivo targeting of GVHD-reactive T cells using either intact and F(ab')2 fragments of monoclonal antibodies directed against T-cell-surface determinants or immunotoxins which consist of antibodies linked to toxins, 2) a comparison of the in vivo immunosuppressive effects of FK506 and rapamycin on T-cell signaling, 3) the inhibition of T-cell activation through blockade of costimulatory or adhesogenic signals, 4) shifting the balance between acute GVHD-inducing T-helper-type 1 (Th1) T cells to anti-inflammatory T-helper-type 2 (Th2)-type T cells, and 5) the regulation of alloreactive T-cell activation by treatment with peptide analogs which affect either TCR/MHC, CD4/MHC class II, or CD8/MHC class I interactions. Collectively, these approaches are illustratrative of the progress made in extending our GVHD prevention armamentarium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinics, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|