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Shanmugam ST, Trashin S, De Wael K. Singlet oxygen-based photoelectrochemical detection of DNA. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 195:113652. [PMID: 34583105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The current work, designed for the photoelectrochemical detection of DNA, evaluates light-responsive DNA probes carrying molecular photosensitizers generating singlet oxygen (1O2). We take advantage of their chromophore's ability to produce 1O2 upon photoexcitation and subsequent photocurrent response. Type I, fluorescent and type II photosensitizers were studied using diode lasers at 406 nm blue, 532 nm green and 659 nm red lasers in the presensce and absence of a redox reporter, hydroquinone (HQ). Only type II photosensitizers (producing 1O2) resulted in a noticeable photocurrent in 1-4 nA range upon illumination, in particular, dissolved DNA probes labeled with chlorin e6 and erythrosine were found to give a well-detectable photocurrent response in the presence of HQ. Whereas, Type I photosensitizers and fluorescent chromophores generate negligible photocurrents (<0.15 nA). The analytical performance of the sensing system was evaluated using a magnetic beads-based DNA assay on disposable electrode platforms, with a focus to enhance the sensitivity and robustness of the technique in detecting complementary DNA targets. Amplified photocurrent responses in the range of 70-100 nA were obtained and detection limits of 17 pM and 10 pM were achieved using magnetic beads-captured chlorin e6 and erythrosine labeled DNA probes respectively. The presented novel photoelectrochemical detection can further be optimized and employed in applications for which enzymatic amplification such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is not applicable owing to their limitations and as an effective alternative to colorimetric detection when rapid detection of specific nucleic acid targets is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioengineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stanislav Trashin
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioengineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioengineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
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2
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Lebedeva NS, Gubarev YA, Koifman MO, Koifman OI. The Application of Porphyrins and Their Analogues for Inactivation of Viruses. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194368. [PMID: 32977525 PMCID: PMC7583985 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The problem of treating viral infections is extremely relevant due to both the emergence of new viral diseases and to the low effectiveness of existing approaches to the treatment of known viral infections. This review focuses on the application of porphyrin, chlorin, and phthalocyanine series for combating viral infections by chemical and photochemical inactivation methods. The purpose of this review paper is to summarize the main approaches developed to date in the chemical and photodynamic inactivation of human and animal viruses using porphyrins and their analogues and to analyze and discuss the information on viral targets and antiviral activity of porphyrins, chlorins, of their conjugates with organic/inorganic compounds obtained in the last 10–15 years in order to identify the most promising areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Sh. Lebedeva
- Laboratory 1-7. Physical Chemistry of Solutions of Macrocyclic Compounds, G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-4932-33-62-72
| | - Yury A. Gubarev
- Laboratory 1-7. Physical Chemistry of Solutions of Macrocyclic Compounds, G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia;
| | - Mikhail O. Koifman
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (M.O.K.); (O.I.K.)
| | - Oskar I. Koifman
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (M.O.K.); (O.I.K.)
- Laboratory 2-2. New Materials on the Basis of Macrocyclic Compounds, G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
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Wiehe A, O'Brien JM, Senge MO. Trends and targets in antiviral phototherapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2565-2612. [PMID: 31397467 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-established treatment option in the treatment of certain cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions. Though best-known for its application in tumor therapy, historically the photodynamic effect was first demonstrated against bacteria at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, in light of spreading antibiotic resistance and the rise of new infections, this photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, is gaining considerable attention. This review focuses on the PDI of viruses as an alternative treatment in antiviral therapy, but also as a means of viral decontamination, covering mainly the literature of the last decade. The PDI of viruses shares the general action mechanism of photodynamic applications: the irradiation of a dye with light and the subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are the effective phototoxic agents damaging virus targets by reacting with viral nucleic acids, lipids and proteins. Interestingly, a light-independent antiviral activity has also been found for some of these dyes. This review covers the compound classes employed in the PDI of viruses and their various areas of use. In the medical area, currently two fields stand out in which the PDI of viruses has found broader application: the purification of blood products and the treatment of human papilloma virus manifestations. However, the PDI of viruses has also found interest in such diverse areas as water and surface decontamination, and biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Wiehe
- biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany. and Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica M O'Brien
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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4
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Zhang B, Cheng Z, Mo Q, Wang L, Wang X, Wu X, Jia Y, Huang Y. Functional inactivation of lymphocytes by methylene blue with visible light. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1903-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00220f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Upon visible light excitation, MB can cause damage to pathogen nucleic acids, thereby inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Shanghai Blood Center
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zhenzhen Cheng
- Shanghai Blood Center Graduate Student Training Base
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Qin Mo
- Shanghai Blood Center
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Li Wang
- Shanghai Blood Center
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xun Wang
- Shanghai Blood Center
- Shanghai
- China
| | | | - Yao Jia
- Shanghai Blood Center
- Shanghai
- China
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5
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Jung J, Kim K, Yu H, Lee K, Lee S, Nahm S, Park H, Park Y. Biomedical applications of holographic microspectroscopy [invited]. APPLIED OPTICS 2014; 53:G111-22. [PMID: 25322118 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.00g111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The identification and quantification of specific molecules are crucial for studying the pathophysiology of cells, tissues, and organs as well as diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Recent advances in holographic microspectroscopy, based on quantitative phase imaging or optical coherence tomography techniques, show promise for label-free noninvasive optical detection and quantification of specific molecules in living cells and tissues (e.g., hemoglobin protein). To provide important insight into the potential employment of holographic spectroscopy techniques in biological research and for related practical applications, we review the principles of holographic microspectroscopy techniques and highlight recent studies.
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Costa L, Faustino MAF, Tomé JPC, Neves MGPMS, Tomé AC, Cavaleiro JAS, Cunha A, Almeida A. Involvement of type I and type II mechanisms on the photoinactivation of non-enveloped DNA and RNA bacteriophages. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 120:10-6. [PMID: 23416708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microbial photodynamic inactivation (PDI), involving the use of a photosensitizer (PS), light and molecular oxygen, with the subsequent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been considered a promising and effective technology for viral inactivation. Although singlet oxygen is generally accepted as the main damaging species in PDI, ROS like free radicals may also be involved in the process, inducing damages to proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and other molecular structures. In this study, the relative importance of each mechanism (type I and type II) on the photoinactivation of non-enveloped DNA (T4-like phage) and RNA (Qβ phage) viruses was evaluated. For this purpose, two cationic porphyrins (Tri-Py(+)-Me-PF and Tetra-Py(+)-Me) and four different ROS scavengers were used. The scavenging effect of sodium azide and L-histidine (singlet oxygen quenchers) and of D-mannitol and L-cysteine (free radical scavengers) was assessed by exposure of both phages (T4-like and Qβ) to each cationic porphyrin (5.0μM for T4-like phage and 0.5μM for Qβ phage) and white light (40Wm(-2)) in the presence of different concentrations of the scavengers (5, 10, 50 and 100mM). Sodium azide and L-histidine gave the best protection, reducing the phototoxic effect of Tri-Py(+)-Me-PF on T4-like phage respectively by 80% and 72% and in the presence of Tetra-Py(+)-Me by 90% and 78%. Free radical scavengers D-mannitol and L-cysteine did not significantly reduce the rate of T4-like phage photoinactivation (around 20% protection, for both PS). The sodium azide protection on Qβ phage photoinactivation, in the presence of Tri-Py(+)-Me-PF, was lower (39%) when compared with T4-like phage. D-mannitol did not exert on Qβ phage any protective effect after 90min of irradiation. The effect of the simultaneous presence of singlet oxygen and free radicals scavengers at 100mM confirmed that singlet oxygen (type II mechanism) is clearly the main ROS involved in T4-like and Qβ phages photoinactivation by these two cationic PS. As RNA-type phages are more easily photoinactivated when compared with DNA-type ones, the protection conferred by the scavengers during the PDI process is lower and this should be taken into account when the main mechanism involved in PDI of different viruses is to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Costa
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Costa L, Faustino MAF, Neves MGPMS, Cunha Â, Almeida A. Photodynamic inactivation of mammalian viruses and bacteriophages. Viruses 2012; 4:1034-74. [PMID: 22852040 PMCID: PMC3407894 DOI: 10.3390/v4071034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has been used to inactivate microorganisms through the use of photosensitizers. The inactivation of mammalian viruses and bacteriophages by photosensitization has been applied with success since the first decades of the last century. Due to the fact that mammalian viruses are known to pose a threat to public health and that bacteriophages are frequently used as models of mammalian viruses, it is important to know and understand the mechanisms and photodynamic procedures involved in their photoinactivation. The aim of this review is to (i) summarize the main approaches developed until now for the photodynamic inactivation of bacteriophages and mammalian viruses and, (ii) discuss and compare the present state of the art of mammalian viruses PDI with phage photoinactivation, with special focus on the most relevant mechanisms, molecular targets and factors affecting the viral inactivation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Costa
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (L.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Amparo F. Faustino
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.)
| | - Maria Graça P. M. S. Neves
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.)
| | - Ângela Cunha
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (L.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (L.C.); (A.C.)
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Tavares A, Dias SRS, Carvalho CMB, Faustino MAF, Tomé JPC, Neves MGPMS, Tomé AC, Cavaleiro JAS, Cunha Â, Gomes NCM, Alves E, Almeida A. Mechanisms of photodynamic inactivation of a gram-negative recombinant bioluminescent bacterium by cationic porphyrins. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:1659-69. [PMID: 21799996 DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05097d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a very promising approach to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms. The photodamage of cells involves reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are generated in situ by two main mechanisms (type I and/or type II). The mechanism responsible for the photoinactivation (PI) of a bioluminescent recombinant Escherichia coli, induced by three different cationic porphyrins, was identified in this work using a rapid method based on the monitoring of the metabolic activity of this bacterium. The inhibitory effect of the photodynamic process in the presence of a singlet oxygen quencher (sodium azide) or free radical scavengers (d-mannitol and l-cysteine) was evaluated by exposing bacterial suspensions with 0.5 μM Tri-Py(+)-Me-PF, 5.0 μM Tetra-Py(+)-Me or 5.0 μM Tri-SPy(+)-Me-PF to white light. Strong bacterial protection was observed with sodium azide (100 mM) for the three cationic porphyrins. However, in the presence of Tri-Py(+)-Me-PF and Tetra-Py(+)-Me and the free radical scavengers (l-cysteine and d-mannitol) the reduction on the bacterial bioluminescence was significantly higher and similar to that obtained in their absence (5.4-6.0 log reduction). In the case of Tri-SPy(+)-Me-PF two distinct behaviours were observed when l-cysteine and d-mannitol were used as free radical scavengers: while the presence of l-cysteine (100 mM) lead to a bacterial protection similar to the one observed with sodium azide, in the presence of d-mannitol only a small protection was detected. The high inhibition of the PS activity by l-cysteine is not due to its radical scavenger ability but due to the singlet oxygen quenching by the sulfanyl group (-SH). In fact, the photodecomposition of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran in the presence of Tri-SPy(+)-Me-PF is completely suppressed when l-cysteine is present. The results obtained in this study suggest that singlet oxygen (type II mechanism) plays a very important role over free radicals (type I mechanism) on the PI process of the bioluminescent E. coli by Tri-Py(+)-Me-PF, Tetra-Py(+)-Me and Tri-SPy(+)-Me-PF. Although the use of scavengers is an adequate and simple approach to evaluate the relative importance of the two pathways, it is important to choose scavengers which do not interfere in both PI mechanisms. Sodium azide and d-mannitol seem to be good oxygen and free radical quenchers, respectively, to study the PI mechanisms by porphyrinic photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Tavares
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Cassidy CM, Tunney MM, Caldwell DL, Andrews GP, Donnelly RF. Development of novel oral formulations prepared via hot melt extrusion for targeted delivery of photosensitizer to the colon. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:867-76. [PMID: 21375536 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Colon-residing bacteria, such as vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Bacteroides fragilis, can cause a range of serious clinical infections. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) may be a novel treatment option for these multidrug resistant organisms. The aim of this study was to formulate a Eudragit®-based drug delivery system, via hot melt extrusion (HME), for targeting colonic release of photosensitizer. The susceptibility of E. faecalis and B. fragilis to PACT mediated by methylene blue (MB), meso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphine tetra-tosylate (TMP), or 5-aminolevulinic acid hexyl-ester (h-ALA) was determined, with tetrachlorodecaoxide (TCDO), an oxygen-releasing compound, added in some studies. Results show that, for MB, an average of 30% of the total drug load was released over a 6-h period. For TMP and h-ALA, these values were 50% and 16% respectively. No drug was released in the acidic media. Levels of E. faecalis and B. fragilis were reduced by up to 4.67 and 7.73 logs, respectively, on PACT exposure under anaerobic conditions, with increased kill associated with TCDO. With these formulations, photosensitizer release could potentially be targeted to the colon, and colon-residing pathogens killed by PACT. TCDO could be used in vivo to generate oxygen, which could significantly impact on the success of PACT in the clinic.
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Zhang B, Zheng L, Huang Y, Mo Q, Wang X, Qian K. Detection of Nucleic Acid Lesions During Photochemical Inactivation of RNA Viruses by Treatment with Methylene Blue and Light Using Real-time PCR. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:365-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Costa L, Carvalho CMB, Faustino MAF, Neves MGPMS, Tomé JPC, Tomé AC, Cavaleiro JAS, Cunha A, Almeida A. Sewage bacteriophage inactivation by cationic porphyrins: influence of light parameters. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:1126-33. [PMID: 20563346 DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00051e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy has been used to inactivate microorganisms through the use of targeted photosensitizers. Although the photoinactivation of microorganisms has already been studied under different conditions, a systematic evaluation of irradiation characteristics is still limited. The goal of this study was to test how the light dose, fluence rate and irradiation source affect the viral photoinactivation of a T4-like sewage bacteriophage. The experiments were carried out using white PAR light delivered by fluorescent PAR lamps (40 W m(-2)), sun light (600 W m(-2)) and an halogen lamp (40-1690 W m(-2)). Phage suspensions and two cationic photosensitizers (Tetra-Py(+)-Me, Tri-Py(+)-Me-PF) at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 microM were used. The results showed that the efficacy of the bacteriophage photoinactivation is correlated not only with the sensitizer and its concentration but also with the light source, energy dose and fluence rate applied. Both photosensitizers at 5.0 microM were able to inactivate the T4-like phage to the limit of detection for each light source and fluence rate. However, depending of the light parameters, different irradiation times are required. The efficiency of photoinactivation is dependent on the spectral emission distribution of the light sources used. Considering the same light source and a fixed light dose applied at different fluence rates, phage inactivation was significantly higher when low fluence rates were used. In this way, the light source, fluence rate and total light dose play an important role in the effectiveness of the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and should always be considered when establishing an optimal antimicrobial protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Costa
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Costa L, Alves E, Carvalho CMB, Tomé JPC, Faustino MAF, Neves MGPMS, Tomé AC, Cavaleiro JAS, Cunha A, Almeida A. Sewage bacteriophage photoinactivation by cationic porphyrins: a study of charge effect. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:415-22. [PMID: 18385883 DOI: 10.1039/b712749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy has been used to inactivate microorganisms through the use of targeted photosensitizers. Recently the inactivation of bacteria in residual waters has been reported, but nothing is known about photoinactivation of environmental bacteriophages, which are often used as indicators of human enteric viruses. In this study we tested the effect of six cationic porphyrin derivatives with two to four charges on the photoinactivation of a sewage bacteriophage. A phage suspension of 5 x 10(7) PFU mL(-1) was exposed to white light (40 W m(-2)), during 270 min, at three photosensitizer concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 microM). Tetra- and tricationic porphyrins inactivated the T4-like sewage phage to the limits of detection, but dicationic porphyrins did not lead to a significant decrease in phage viability. At the highest photosensitizer concentration (5.0 microM), the phage was completely inactivated (>99.9999% of inactivation, reduction of 7.2 log) after 270 min by the tetracationic porphyrin. Two of the tricationic derivatives also led to phage inactivation to the limit of detection. The rate of bacteriophage photoinactivation and the efficiency of the photosensitizer appeared to vary with the charge and with the substituents in the meso-positions of the porphyrin macrocycle. Tetra- and tricationic porphyrins can, therefore, be used as a new method for inactivating sewage bacteriophages that are frequently used as human enteric virus indicators. The complete inactivation of viruses with low light intensity means that this methodology can be used even on cloudy days and during winter, opening the possibility to develop new technologies for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Costa
- CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Kurosaki Y, Abe H, Morioka H, Hirayama J, Ikebuchi K, Kamo N, Nikaido O, Azuma H, Ikeda H. Pyrimidine Dimer Formation and Oxidative Damage in M13 Bacteriophage Inactivation by Ultraviolet C Irradiation¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0780349pdfaod2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gábor F, Szolnoki J, Tóth K, Fekete A, Maillard P, Csík G. Photoinduced Inactivation of T7 Phage Sensitized by Symmetrically and Asymmetrically Substituted Tetraphenyl Porphyrin: Comparison of Efficiency and Mechanism of Action¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0730304piotps2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kurosaki Y, Abe H, Morioka H, Hirayama J, Ikebuchi K, Kamo N, Nikaido O, Azuma H, Ikeda H. Pyrimidine dimer formation and oxidative damage in M13 bacteriophage inactivation by ultraviolet C irradiation. Photochem Photobiol 2004; 78:349-54. [PMID: 14626662 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)078<0349:pdfaod>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which UV-C irradiation inactivates M13 bacteriophage was studied by analyzing the M13 genome using agarose gel electrophoresis and South-Western blotting for pyrimidine dimers. The involvement of singlet oxygen (1O2) was also investigated using azide and deuterium oxide and under deoxygenated conditions. With a decrease in M13 infectivity on irradiation, single-stranded circular genomic DNA (sc-DNA) was converted to Form I and Form II, which had an electrophoretic mobility between that of sc-DNA and linear-form DNA. However, the amount of sc-DNA remaining was not correlated with the survival of M13. The formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts ((6-4)PP) increased as a function of irradiation dose. The decrease in M13 infectivity was highly correlated with the increase in CPD and (6-4)PP, whereas no change was seen in M13 coat protein on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine did not form in the M13 genome after UV-C irradiation. Inactivation of M13 was neither enhanced by deuterium oxide nor inhibited by azide. Deoxygenation of the M13 suspension did not affect the inactivation, indicating that 1O2 did not participate in the inactivation of M13 by UV-C irradiation under these conditions. These results indicated that UV-C irradiation induced not only CPD and (6-4)PP formation but also additional tertiary structural change in DNA inside the M13 virions, resulting in primary damage and a loss of infectivity. The indirect effect of UV-C irradiation such as 1O2 production followed by oxidative damage to nucleic acids and proteins might have contributed less, if at all, to the inactivation of M13 than the direct effect of UV-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kurosaki
- Hokkaido Red Cross Blood Center, Japanese Red Cross, Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Egyeki M, Turóczy G, Majer Z, Tóth K, Fekete A, Maillard P, Csík G. Photosensitized inactivation of T7 phage as surrogate of non-enveloped DNA viruses: efficiency and mechanism of action. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2003; 1624:115-24. [PMID: 14642821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2003.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the efficiency and the mechanism of action of a tetraphenyl porphyrin derivative in its photoreaction with T7 phage as surrogate of non-enveloped DNA viruses. TPFP was able to sensitize the photoinactivation of T7 phage in spite of the lack of its binding to the nucleoprotein complex. The efficiency of TPFP photosensitization was limited by the aggregation and by the photobleaching of porphyrin molecules. Addition of sodium azide or 1,3-dimethyl-2-thiourea (DMTU) to the reaction mixture moderated T7 inactivation, however, neither of them inhibited T7 inactivation completely. This result suggests that both Type I and Type II reaction play a role in the virus inactivation. Optical melting studies revealed structural changes in the protein part but not in the DNA of the photochemically treated nucleoprotein complex. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) also failed to demonstrate any DNA damage. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of photosensitized nucleoprotein complex indicated changes in the secondary structure of both the DNA and proteins. We suggest that damages in the protein capsid and/or loosening of protein-DNA interaction can be responsible for the photodynamic inactivation of T7 phage. The alterations in DNA secondary structure might be the result of photochemical damage in phage capsid proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Egyeki
- Institute of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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17
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Gábor F, Szolnoki J, Tóth K, Fekete A, Maillard P, Csík G. Photoinduced inactivation of T7 phage sensitized by symmetrically and asymmetrically substituted tetraphenyl porphyrin: comparison of efficiency and mechanism of action. Photochem Photobiol 2001; 73:304-11. [PMID: 11281028 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)073<0304:piotps>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the efficiency and the mechanism of action of two--one symmetrically and one asymmetrically substituted--glycoconjugated tetraphenyl porphyrins in their photoreaction with T7 phage as a model of nucleoprotein (NP) complexes. A correlation was found between the dark inactivation of T7 and the binding of porphyrins determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. Both types of porphyrin sensitized the photoinactivation of T7, but the slopes of inactivation kinetics were markedly different. There was no correlation between the dark binding and the photosensitizing efficacy of the two derivatives. Inactivation was moderated by 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran and 1,3-dimethyl-2-thiourea; however, neither of them inhibited T7 inactivation completely. This result suggests that both Type-I and Type-II reactions play a role in the virus inactivation. Optical melting studies revealed structural changes in the protein part but not in the DNA of the photochemically treated NP complex. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of a 555 bp segment of gene 1 and a 3826 bp segment of genes 3 and 4 failed to demonstrate any DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gábor
- Institute of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, P.O. 263, H-1444, Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Wainwright M. Methylene blue derivatives--suitable photoantimicrobials for blood product disinfection? Int J Antimicrob Agents 2000; 16:381-94. [PMID: 11118846 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(00)00207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic antimicrobial agents based on the well-established phenothiazinium biological stain methylene blue offer a simple method for the inactivation or destruction of pathogens contained in donated blood and blood products. The technique is currently concentrated on viruses and the disinfective procedure can be carried out in blood bags using basic low-power light sources. Pathogens of the bacterial, yeast and protozoal classes are also susceptible to phenothiaziniums. The photoantimicrobial mode of action is usually via oxidative damage to cellular components, either due to redox reactions between the agent and a biomolecular target or by the action of reactive oxygen species generated in situ by photodynamic action. The targeting of various microbial species is discussed in relation to the physicochemical make-up of the photosensitizers, and future directions are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wainwright
- Photochemotherapy Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
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Pellieux C, Dewilde A, Pierlot C, Aubry JM. Bactericidal and virucidal activities of singlet oxygen generated by thermolysis of naphthalene endoperoxides. Methods Enzymol 2000; 319:197-207. [PMID: 10907511 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(00)19020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Pellieux
- Division of Hypertension, University of Lausanne Medical School, Switzerland
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20
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Abe H, Yamada-Ohnishi Y, Hirayama J, Owada T, Ikeda H, Ikebuchi K. Elimination of both cell-free and cell-associated HIV infectivity in plasma by a filtration/methylene blue photoinactivation system. Transfusion 2000; 40:1081-7. [PMID: 10988311 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40091081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylene blue phototreatment effectively inactivates cell-free viruses in plasma while maintaining coagulation activities. However, this treatment is considered to be less effective for cell-associated virus inactivation. This report describes a new virus elimination system designed to eliminate cell-associated viruses with a cell-removal filter followed by methylene blue photoinactivation of cell-free viruses in plasma. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Fresh plasma was inoculated with HIV or HIV-infected Molt4 cells (Molt4(IIIB)). The plasma was transferred to a bag containing methylene blue by passing it through a cell-removal filter and was irradiated with white fluorescent light. HIV infectivity was detected by indirect fluorescence assay. In parallel studies, coagulation activities in identically treated plasma were measured during 1 year of storage at -80 degrees C. RESULTS Initial cell-free HIV titer of 10(6.2) TCID(50) per 0.1 mL dropped to 10(-0. 3) and <10(-0.5) TCID(50) per 0.1 mL after 10 or 20 J per cm(2) radiation, respectively. Cellular components were not detectable in plasma after filtration. The cell-free state of the plasma was ascertained from the observation that the DNase-resistant beta-globin gene, as a marker of intact WBCs, was not detected in the filtrates by PCR. The infectivity of Molt4(IIIB) was reduced to below the detection limit after filtration and radiation, and proviral HIV DNA was not detected in the filtrates by PCR. Coagulation activities including factor VIII in the treated plasma were maintained at more than 76 percent compared with the percentage in untreated plasma after 1 year of storage. CONCLUSION The filtration/methylene blue photoinactivation system eliminated both cell-free and cell-associated HIV infectivities from plasma while maintaining coagulation activities for 1 year at -80 degrees C storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Abe
- Hokkaido Red Cross Blood Center, Sapporo, Japan.
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21
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Stief TW. The blood fibrinolysis/deep-sea analogy: a hypothesis on the cell signals singlet oxygen/photons as natural antithrombotics. Thromb Res 2000; 99:1-20. [PMID: 10904099 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(00)00213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T W Stief
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
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Schneider JE, Pye Q, Floyd RA. Qβ Bacteriophage Photoinactivated by Methylene Blue Plus Light Involves Inactivation of Its Genomic RNA. Photochem Photobiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb08300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Trindade GS, Capella MAM, Capella LS, Affonso-Mitidieri OR, Rumjanek VM. Differences in Sensitivity to UVC, UVB and UVA Radiation of a Multidrug-Resistant Cell Line Overexpressing P-Glycoprotein. Photochem Photobiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb03348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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