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Chen S, Liang B, Xu J. Unveiling heterogeneity in MSCs: exploring marker-based strategies for defining MSC subpopulations. J Transl Med 2024; 22:459. [PMID: 38750573 PMCID: PMC11094970 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent a heterogeneous cell population distributed throughout various tissues, demonstrating remarkable adaptability to microenvironmental cues and holding immense promise for disease treatment. However, the inherent diversity within MSCs often leads to variability in therapeutic outcomes, posing challenges for clinical applications. To address this heterogeneity, purification of MSC subpopulations through marker-based isolation has emerged as a promising approach to ensure consistent therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discussed the reported markers of MSCs, encompassing those developed through candidate marker strategies and high-throughput approaches, with the aim of explore viable strategies for addressing the heterogeneity of MSCs and illuminate prospective research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowei Liang
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital), Fuqiang Avenue 1001, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China.
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Nabavi SM, Karimi S, Arab L, Aghdami N, Joghtaei N, Maroufizadeh S, Jarooghi N, Bolurieh T, Abbasi F, Mardpour S, Azimyian V, Moeininia F, Sanjari L, Hosseini SE, Vosough M. Intravenous transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with multiple sclerosis, a phase I/IIa, double blind, randomized controlled study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 78:104895. [PMID: 37515913 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive, demyelinating neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. MS is immune-mediated and leads to disability especially in young adults. Even though 18 MS therapy drugs were approved, they slightly inhibit disease progression and do not induce regeneration and repair in the nervous system. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a new therapeutic modality in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering due to their immunomodulation and bio regenerative properties. We have designed a randomized, controlled clinical trial to assess safety and possible efficacy of MSC application in MS patients. Twenty-one MS patients were enrolled. Patients were allocated in two distinct groups: treatment group, which received systemic transplantation of autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs, and control group, which received placebo at the first injections. Patients in control group received MSCs at the second injection while the treatment group received placebo. All the patients were followed for 18 months. Follow-ups included regular visits, laboratory evaluation, and imaging analysis. Control patients received MSCs six month after treatment group. No severe immediate or late adverse events were observed in both groups after interventions. We did not find any significant differences in the rate of relapses, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, cognitive condition, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings, or any biomarkers of cerebrospinal fluid between the two groups and in each group before and after cell infusion. Transplantation of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells is safe and feasible. The efficacy of transplantation of these cells should be evaluated through designing randomized clinical trials with larger sample sizes, different administration routes, other cell types (allogeneic adipose derived MSCs, allogeneic Wharton's jelly derived MSCs …), repeated injections, and longer follow-up periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Massood Nabavi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahedeh Karimi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Arab
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Joghtaei
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Maroufizadeh
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Jarooghi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tina Bolurieh
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbasi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soura Mardpour
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vajihe Azimyian
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moeininia
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Sanjari
- International Medicine Department, Mostafa Khomeini Medical Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Esmat Hosseini
- Nursing Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Cell surface markers for mesenchymal stem cells related to the skeletal system: A scoping review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13464. [PMID: 36865479 PMCID: PMC9970931 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been described as bone marrow stromal cells, which can form cartilage, bone or hematopoietic supportive stroma. In 2006, the International Society for Cell Therapy (ISCT) established a set of minimal characteristics to define MSCs. According to their criteria, these cells must express CD73, CD90 and CD105 surface markers; however, it is now known they do not represent true stemness epitopes. The objective of the present work was to determine the surface markers for human MSCs associated with skeletal tissue reported in the literature (1994-2021). To this end, we performed a scoping review for hMSCs in axial and appendicular skeleton. Our findings determined the most widely used markers were CD105 (82.9%), CD90 (75.0%) and CD73 (52.0%) for studies performed in vitro as proposed by the ISCT, followed by CD44 (42.1%), CD166 (30.9%), CD29 (27.6%), STRO-1 (17.7%), CD146 (15.1%) and CD271 (7.9%) in bone marrow and cartilage. On the other hand, only 4% of the articles evaluated in situ cell surface markers. Even though most studies use the ISCT criteria, most publications in adult tissues don't evaluate the characteristics that establish a stem cell (self-renewal and differentiation), which will be necessary to distinguish between a stem cell and progenitor populations. Collectively, MSCs require further understanding of their characteristics if they are intended for clinical use.
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Nel S, Durandt C, Murdoch C, Pepper MS. Determinants of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Heterogeneity. J Endod 2022; 48:1232-1240. [PMID: 35809811 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this review is to provide a narrative review on the determinants of dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) heterogeneity that may affect the regenerative properties of these cells. METHODS PubMed, Scopus and Medline (Ovid) literature searches were done on human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSC) heterogeneity. The focus was on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) with a primary focus on DPSC heterogeneity. RESULTS DPSCs display significant heterogeneity as illustrated by the various subpopulations reported, including differences in proliferation and differentiation capabilities and the impact of various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. CONCLUSIONS The lack of consistent and reliable results in the clinical setting may be due to the heterogeneous nature of DPSC populations. Standardization in isolation techniques and in criteria to characterize DPSCs should lead to less variability in results reported and improve comparison of findings between studies. Single-cell RNA sequencing holds promise in elucidating DPSC heterogeneity and may contribute to the establishment of standardized techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulette Nel
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Chrisna Durandt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine (ICMM), Department of Immunology, and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Candice Murdoch
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine (ICMM), Department of Immunology, and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine (ICMM), Department of Immunology, and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Gilazieva Z, Ponomarev A, Rizvanov A, Solovyeva V. The Dual Role of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles in Carcinogenesis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060813. [PMID: 35741334 PMCID: PMC9220333 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane structures that play the role of intermediaries between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) because they have the ability to transport lipids, transcription factors, mRNA, and proteins. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a major component of the TME and may have different effects on tumor progression using EVs. This review includes information about various studies which have reported that EVs from MSCs can have either antitumor or pro-tumor effects, depending on both the tumor type and developmental stage. It provides an overview of the published data on EV MSCs and their effect on tumor cells. In addition, the use of EV MSCs for the development of new methods for treating oncological diseases is described. Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play an important role in tumor progression. MSCs remodel the extracellular matrix, participate in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, promote the spread of metastases, and inhibit antitumor immune responses in the TME; however, there are also data pertaining to the antitumor effects of MSCs. MSCs activate the cell death mechanism by modulating the expression of proteins involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, angiogenesis receptors, and proapoptotic proteins. One of the main ways in which MSCs and TME interact is through the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by cells. Currently, data on the effects of both MSCs and their EVs on tumor cells are rather contradictory. Various studies have reported that EVs from MSCs can have either antitumor or pro-tumor effects, depending on both the tumor type and developmental stage. In this review, we discuss published data on EV MSCs and their effect on tumor cells. The molecular composition of vesicles obtained from MSCs is also presented in the review. In addition, the use of EV MSCs for the development of new methods for treating oncological diseases is described.
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Kwon DH, Park JB, Lee JS, Kim SJ, Choi B, Lee KY. Human delta like 1-expressing human mesenchymal stromal cells promote human T cell development and antigen-specific response in humanized NOD/SCID/IL-2R[Formula: see text] null (NSG) mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10603. [PMID: 34011992 PMCID: PMC8134586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human delta-like 1 (hDlk1) is known to be able to regulate cell fate decisions during hematopoiesis. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known to exhibit potent immunomodulatory roles in a variety of diseases. Herein, we investigated in vivo functions of hDlk1-hMSCs and hDlk1+hMSCs in T cell development and T cell response to viral infection in humanized NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγnull (NSG) mice. Co-injection of hDlk1-hMSC with hCD34+ cord blood (CB) cells into the liver of NSG mice markedly suppressed the development of human T cells. In contrast, co-injection of hDlk1+hMSC with hCD34+ CB cells into the liver of NSG dramatically promoted the development of human T cells. Human T cells developed in humanized NSG mice represent markedly diverse, functionally active, TCR V[Formula: see text] usages, and the restriction to human MHC molecules. Upon challenge with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), EBV-specific hCD8+ T cells in humanized NSG mice were effectively mounted with phenotypically activated T cells presented as hCD45+hCD3+hCD8+hCD45RO+hHLA-DR+ T cells, suggesting that antigen-specific T cell response was induced in the humanized NSG mice. Taken together, our data suggest that the hDlk1-expressing MSCs can effectively promote the development of human T cells and immune response to exogenous antigen in humanized NSG mice. Thus, the humanized NSG model might have potential advantages for the development of therapeutics targeting infectious diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hee Kwon
- Department of Immunology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419 Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Jae Berm Park
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Sang Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon-Si, 440-746 Kyonggi-Do Korea
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joo Kim
- GenNBio, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon-Si, Kyonggi-Do, 440-746 Korea
| | - Bongkum Choi
- GenNBio, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon-Si, Kyonggi-Do, 440-746 Korea
| | - Ki-Young Lee
- Department of Immunology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419 Gyeonggi-do Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
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Key Markers and Epigenetic Modifications of Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5521715. [PMID: 34046069 PMCID: PMC8128613 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5521715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a novel research hotspot in tissue regeneration, dental-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are famous for their accessibility, multipotent differentiation ability, and high proliferation. However, cellular heterogeneity is a major obstacle to the clinical application of dental-derived MSCs. Here, we reviewed the heterogeneity of dental-derived MSCs firstly and then discussed the key markers and epigenetic modifications related to the proliferation, differentiation, immunomodulation, and aging of dental-derived MSCs. These messages help to control the composition and function of dental-derived MSCs and thus accelerate the translation of cell therapy into clinical practice.
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Imboden S, Liu X, Lee BS, Payne MC, Hsieh CJ, Lin NYC. Investigating heterogeneities of live mesenchymal stromal cells using AI-based label-free imaging. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6728. [PMID: 33762607 PMCID: PMC7991643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that have great potential for regenerative medicine, tissue repair, and immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the outcomes of MSC-based research and therapies can be highly inconsistent and difficult to reproduce, largely due to the inherently significant heterogeneity in MSCs, which has not been well investigated. To quantify cell heterogeneity, a standard approach is to measure marker expression on the protein level via immunochemistry assays. Performing such measurements non-invasively and at scale has remained challenging as conventional methods such as flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy typically require cell fixation and laborious sample preparation. Here, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based method that converts transmitted light microscopy images of MSCs into quantitative measurements of protein expression levels. By training a U-Net+ conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) model that accurately (mean [Formula: see text] = 0.77) predicts expression of 8 MSC-specific markers, we showed that expression of surface markers provides a heterogeneity characterization that is complementary to conventional cell-level morphological analyses. Using this label-free imaging method, we also observed a multi-marker temporal-spatial fluctuation of protein distributions in live MSCs. These demonstrations suggest that our AI-based microscopy can be utilized to perform quantitative, non-invasive, single-cell, and multi-marker characterizations of heterogeneous live MSC culture. Our method provides a foundational step toward the instant integrative assessment of MSC properties, which is critical for high-throughput screening and quality control in cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Imboden
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
| | - Xuanqing Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Brandon S Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Marie C Payne
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Cho-Jui Hsieh
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Neil Y C Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.,Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
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Goenka V, Borkar T, Desai A, Das RK. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in treating both types of diabetes mellitus and associated diseases. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1979-1993. [PMID: 33520872 PMCID: PMC7843693 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common lifestyle disease which can be classified into type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. While both result in hyperglycemia due to lack of insulin action and further associated chronic ailments, there is a marked distinction in the cause for each type due to which both require a different prophylaxis. As observed, type 1 diabetes is caused due to the autoimmune action of the body resulting in the destruction of pancreatic islet cells. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes is caused either due to insulin resistance of target cells or lack of insulin production as per physiological requirements. Attempts to cure the disease have been made by bringing drastic changes in the patients' lifestyle; parenteral administration of insulin; prescription of drugs such as biguanides, meglitinides, and amylin; pancreatic transplantation; and immunotherapy. While these attempts cause a certain degree of relief to the patient, none of these can cure diabetes mellitus. However, a new treatment strategy led by the discovery of mesenchymal stem cells and their unique immunomodulatory and multipotent properties has inspired therapies to treat diabetes by essentially reversing the conditions causing the disease. The current review aims to enumerate the role of various mesenchymal stem cells and the different approaches to treat both types of diabetes and its associated diseases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidul Goenka
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Tanhai Borkar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Aska Desai
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Raunak Kumar Das
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
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Choudhary P, Gupta A, Singh S. Therapeutic Advancement in Neuronal Transdifferentiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Neurological Disorders. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:889-901. [PMID: 33047251 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders have become the leading cause of chronic pain and death. Treatments available are not sufficient to help the patients as they only alleviate the symptoms and not the cause. In this regard, stem cells therapy has emerged as an upcoming option for the replacement of dead and damaged neurons. Stem cells, in general, are characterized as cells exhibiting potency properties, i.e., on being subjected to specific conditions they transform into cells of another lineage. Of all the types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their pluripotent nature without the obstacle of ethical concern surrounding the procurement of other cell types. Although fibroblasts are quite similar to MSCs morphologically, certain markers like CD73, CD 90 are specific to MSCs, making both the cell types distinguishable from each other. This is implemented while procuring MSCs from a plethora of sources like umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue, bone marrow, etc. Among these, bone marrow MSCs are the most widely used type for neural regeneration. Neural regeneration is achieved via transdifferentiation. Several studies have either transplanted the stem cells into rodent models or have carried out transdifferentiation in vitro. The process involves a combination of growth factors, pre-treatment factors, and neuronal differentiation inducing mediums. The results obtained are characterized by neuron-like morphology, expression of markers, along with electrophysical activity in some. Recent attempts involve exploring biomaterials that may mimic the native ECM and therefore can be directly introduced at the site of interest. The review gives a brief description of MSCs, their sources and markers, and the different attempts that have been made towards achieving the goal of differentiating MSCs into neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Princy Choudhary
- Applied Science Department, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India
| | - Ayushi Gupta
- Applied Science Department, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Applied Science Department, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India.
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Li X, Zhang B, Wang H, Zhao X, Zhang Z, Ding G, Wei F. The effect of aging on the biological and immunological characteristics of periodontal ligament stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:326. [PMID: 32727592 PMCID: PMC7392710 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01846-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have many applications in the field of cytotherapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. However, the effect of age on the biological and immunological characteristics of PDLSCs remains unclear. Methods In this study, we compared PDLSCs isolated from young and adult individuals. PDLSC proliferation was analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining, and apoptosis level was detected by Annexin V-PE/7-ADD staining. PDLSC osteogenic/adipogenic/chondrogenic differentiation potentials were assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alizarin Red, Oil Red O, Alcian Blue staining, and related quantitative analysis. PDLSC immunosuppressive capacity was determined by EdU and Annexin V-PE/7-ADD staining. To explore its underlying mechanism, microarray, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blot analyses were performed to detect differentially expressed genes and proteins in PDLSCs. Results Our results demonstrated that with aging, the proliferation and osteogenic/adipogenic/chondrogenic differentiation potential of PDLSCs decreased, whereas apoptosis of PDLSCs increased. Moreover, the immunosuppressive ability of PDLSCs decreased with aging. Compared with PDLSCs from young subjects, analysis of mRNA expression revealed an upregulation of CCND3 and RC3H2, and a downregulation of Runx2, ALP, COL1A1, PPARγ2, CXCL12, FKBP1A, FKBP1B, NCSTN, P2RX7, PPP3CB, RIPK2, SLC11A1, and TP53 in those from adult individuals. Furthermore, protein expression levels of Runx2, ALP, COL1A1, and PPARγ2 in the adult group were decreased, whereas that of CCND3 increased. Conclusions Taken together, aging influences the biological and immunological characteristics of PDLSCs, and thus, it is more appropriate to utilize PDLSCs from young individuals for tissue regeneration, post-aging treatment, and allotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Department of Stomatology, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Qingzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Fulan Wei
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Raza SS, Khan MA. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A new front emerge in COVID19 treatment. Cytotherapy 2020; 24:755-766. [PMID: 35880307 PMCID: PMC7362822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Currently, treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, particularly those afflicted with severe pneumonia, is challenging, as no effective pharmacotherapy for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exists. Severe pneumonia is recognized as a clinical syndrome characterized by hyper-induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, which can induce organ damage, followed by edema, dysfunction of air exchange, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute cardiac injury, secondary infection and increased mortality. Owing to the immunoregulatory and differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), we aimed to outline current insights into the clinical application of MSCs in COVID-19 patients. Based on results from preliminary clinical investigations, it can be predicted that MSC therapy for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 is safe and effective, although multiple clinical trials with a protracted follow-up will be necessary to determine the long-term effects of the treatment on COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shadab Raza
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Era's Lucknow Medical College Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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13
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Bartold M, Gronthos S, Haynes D, Ivanovski S. Mesenchymal stem cells and biologic factors leading to bone formation. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46 Suppl 21:12-32. [PMID: 30624807 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological bone formation and bone regeneration occurring during bone repair can be considered distinct but similar processes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and associated biologic factors are crucial to both bone formation and bone regeneration. AIM To perform a narrative review of the current literature regarding the role of MSC and biologic factors in bone formation with the aim of discussing the clinical relevance of in vitro and in vivo animal studies. METHODS The literature was searched for studies on MSC and biologic factors associated with the formation of bone in the mandible and maxilla. The search specifically targeted studies on key aspects of how stem cells and biologic factors are important in bone formation and how this might be relevant to bone regeneration. The results are summarized in a narrative review format. RESULTS Different types of MSC and many biologic factors are associated with bone formation in the maxilla and mandible. CONCLUSION Bone formation and regeneration involve very complex and highly regulated cellular and molecular processes. By studying these processes, new clinical opportunities will arise for therapeutic bone regenerative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bartold
- School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David Haynes
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Isolation, Characterization, Differentiation and Immunomodulatory Capacity of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells from Human Perirenal Adipose Tissue. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111346. [PMID: 31671899 PMCID: PMC6928994 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are immature multipotent cells, which represent a rare population in the perivascular niche within nearly all tissues. The most abundant source to isolate MSCs is adipose tissue. Currently, perirenal adipose tissue is rarely described as the source of MSCs. MSCs were isolated from perirenal adipose tissue (prASCs) from patients undergoing tumor nephrectomies, cultured and characterized by flow cytometry and their differentiation potential into adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts and epithelial cells. Furthermore, prASCs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) or a mixture of cytokines (cytomix). In addition, prASC susceptibility to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was investigated. The expression of inflammatory readouts was estimated by qPCR and immunoassay. HCMV infection was analyzed by qPCR and immunostaining. Characterization of cultured prASCs shows the cells meet the criteria of MSCs and prASCs can undergo trilineage differentiation. Cultured prASCs can be induced to differentiate into epithelial cells, shown by cytokeratin 18 expression. Stimulation of prASCs with LPS or cytomix suggests the cells are capable of initiating an inflammation-like response upon stimulation with LPS or cytokines, whereas, LTA did not induce a significant effect on the readouts (ICAM-1, IL-6, TNFα, MCP-1 mRNA and IL-6 protein). HCMV broadly infects prASCs, showing a viral load dependent cytopathological effect (CPE). Our current study summarizes the isolation and culture of prASCs, clearly characterizes the cells, and demonstrates their immunomodulatory potential and high permissiveness for HCMV.
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O'Connor KC. Molecular Profiles of Cell-to-Cell Variation in the Regenerative Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5924878. [PMID: 31636675 PMCID: PMC6766122 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5924878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell variation in the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) impedes the translation of MSC therapies into clinical practice. Cellular heterogeneity is ubiquitous across MSC cultures from different species and tissues. This review highlights advances to elucidate molecular profiles that identify cell subsets with specific regenerative properties in heterogeneous MSC cultures. Cell surface markers and global signatures are presented for proliferation and differentiation potential, as well as immunomodulation and trophic properties. Key knowledge gaps are discussed as potential areas of future research. Molecular profiles of MSC heterogeneity have the potential to enable unprecedented control over the regenerative potential of MSC therapies through the discovery of new molecular targets and as quality attributes to develop robust and reproducible biomanufacturing processes. These advances would have a positive impact on the nascent field of MSC therapeutics by accelerating the development of therapies with more consistent and effective treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim C. O'Connor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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NAMS 2018 Utian Translational Science Symposium, October 2018, San Diego, California New therapies for leiomyomas: when surgery may not be the best option. Menopause 2019; 26:947-957. [PMID: 31453955 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The North American Menopause Society (NAMS) held the 2018 Utian Translational Science Symposium on October 2, 2018, in San Diego, California, to discuss new therapeutic approaches to uterine leiomyomas when surgery is not the optimal choice.Uterine leiomyomas arise from a single clonal cell and are the most common gynecologic disorder affecting reproductive and perimenopausal women worldwide. The prevalence of this disorder is approximately 40% to 70% in white women and 60% to 80% in black women. Recent research suggests that both estrogen and progesterone modulate the growth of leiomyomas, with progesterone being a major stimulator of leiomyoma growth.Women with symptomatic uterine leiomyomas experience heavy uterine bleeding, bulk symptoms, miscarriages, and pregnancy complications. Surgical therapies such as myomectomy or hysterectomy are highly effective; however, medical therapy with progestin-predominant contraceptives or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists are in many ways inadequate to address the unmet need for better, noninvasive, and cost-effective treatments.Recent advances in medical treatment, such as selective progesterone receptor modulators, new oral GnRH analogs, and clinical trials that provide new therapeutic approaches, were presented by speakers at the symposium. Research on why there is a prevalence of leiomyomas in black women, the racial and genetic effects on leiomyoma growth, and potential molecular mechanisms also were discussed.
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Ji Y, Li J, Wei Y, Gao W, Fu X, Wang Y. Substrate stiffness affects the immunosuppressive and trophic function of hMSCs via modulating cytoskeletal polymerization and tension. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:5292-5300. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01202h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soft substrates improve the immunosuppressive and trophic function of hMSCs via cytoskeleton inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
| | - Jing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
| | - Yingqi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education
| | - Wendong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education
| | - Xiaoling Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
| | - Yingjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education
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18
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Christodoulou I, Goulielmaki M, Devetzi M, Panagiotidis M, Koliakos G, Zoumpourlis V. Mesenchymal stem cells in preclinical cancer cytotherapy: a systematic review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:336. [PMID: 30526687 PMCID: PMC6286545 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) comprise a heterogeneous population of rapidly proliferating cells that can be isolated from adult (e.g., bone marrow, adipose tissue) as well as fetal (e.g., umbilical cord) tissues (termed bone marrow (BM)-, adipose tissue (AT)-, and umbilical cord (UC)-MSC, respectively) and are capable of differentiation into a wide range of non-hematopoietic cell types. An additional, unique attribute of MSC is their ability to home to tumor sites and to interact with the local supportive microenvironment which rapidly conceptualized into MSC-based experimental cancer cytotherapy at the turn of the century. Towards this purpose, both naïve (unmodified) and genetically modified MSC (GM-MSC; used as delivery vehicles for the controlled expression and release of antitumorigenic molecules) have been employed using well-established in vitro and in vivo cancer models, albeit with variable success. The first approach is hampered by contradictory findings regarding the effects of naïve MSC of different origins on tumor growth and metastasis, largely attributed to inherent biological heterogeneity of MSC as well as experimental discrepancies. In the second case, although the anti-cancer effect of GM-MSC is markedly improved over that of naïve cells, it is yet apparent that some protocols are more efficient against some types of cancer than others. Regardless, in order to maximize therapeutic consistency and efficacy, a deeper understanding of the complex interaction between MSC and the tumor microenvironment is required, as well as examination of the role of key experimental parameters in shaping the final cytotherapy outcome. This systematic review represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first thorough evaluation of the impact of experimental anti-cancer therapies based on MSC of human origin (with special focus on human BM-/AT-/UC-MSC). Importantly, we dissect the commonalities and differences as well as address the shortcomings of work accumulated over the last two decades and discuss how this information can serve as a guide map for optimal experimental design implementation ultimately aiding the effective transition into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Christodoulou
- Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Konstantinou 48 Av., 116 35, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Konstantinou 48 Av., 116 35, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Devetzi
- Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Konstantinou 48 Av., 116 35, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Konstantinou 48 Av., 116 35, Athens, Greece.
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19
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Therapeutic Delivery Specifications Identified Through Compartmental Analysis of a Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Immune Reaction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6816. [PMID: 29717209 PMCID: PMC5931547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite widespread preclinical success, mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy has not reached consistent pivotal clinical endpoints in primary indications of autoinflammatory diseases. Numerous studies aim to uncover specific mechanisms of action towards better control of therapy using in vitro immunomodulation assays. However, many of these immunomodulation assays are imperfectly designed to accurately recapitulate microenvironment conditions where MSCs act. To increase our understanding of MSC efficacy, we herein conduct a systems level microenvironment approach to define compartmental features that can influence the delivery of MSCs' immunomodulatory effect in vitro in a more quantitative manner than ever before. Using this approach, we notably uncover an improved MSC quantification method with predictive cross-study applicability and unveil the key importance of system volume, time exposure to MSCs, and cross-communication between MSC and T cell populations to realize full therapeutic effect. The application of these compartmental analysis can improve our understanding of MSC mechanism(s) of action and further lead to administration methods that deliver MSCs within a compartment for predictable potency.
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Almeida-Porada G, Rodman C, Kuhlman B, Brudvik E, Moon J, George S, Guida P, Sajuthi SP, Langefeld CD, Walker SJ, Wilson PF, Porada CD. Exposure of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment to Simulated Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation Induces Biological Bystander Effects on Human Hematopoiesis. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1237-1256. [PMID: 29698131 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The stem cell compartment of the hematopoietic system constitutes one of the most radiosensitive tissues of the body and leukemias represent one of the most frequent radiogenic cancers with short latency periods. As such, leukemias may pose a particular threat to astronauts during prolonged space missions. Control of hematopoiesis is tightly governed by a specialized bone marrow (BM) microenvironment/niche. As such, any environmental insult that damages cells of this niche would be expected to produce pronounced effects on the types and functionality of hematopoietic/immune cells generated. We recently reported that direct exposure of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to simulated solar energetic particle (SEP) and galactic cosmic ray (GCR) radiation dramatically altered the differentiative potential of these cells, and that simulated GCR exposures can directly induce DNA damage and mutations within human HSC, which led to leukemic transformation when these cells repopulated murine recipients. In this study, we performed the first in-depth examination to define changes that occur in mesenchymal stem cells present in the human BM niche following exposure to accelerated protons and iron ions and assess the impact these changes have upon human hematopoiesis. Our data provide compelling evidence that simulated SEP/GCR exposures can also contribute to defective hematopoiesis/immunity through so-called "biological bystander effects" by damaging the stromal cells that comprise the human marrow microenvironment, thereby altering their ability to support normal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graça Almeida-Porada
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Christopher Rodman
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Bradford Kuhlman
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Egil Brudvik
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - John Moon
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Sunil George
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Peter Guida
- 2 Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York
| | - Satria P Sajuthi
- 3 Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics , Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- 3 Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics , Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Stephen J Walker
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Paul F Wilson
- 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center , Sacramento, California
| | - Christopher D Porada
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Teh SW, Mok PL, Abd Rashid M, Bastion MLC, Ibrahim N, Higuchi A, Murugan K, Mariappan R, Subbiah SK. Recent Updates on Treatment of Ocular Microbial Infections by Stem Cell Therapy: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020558. [PMID: 29438279 PMCID: PMC5855780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular microbial infection has emerged as a major public health crisis during the past two decades. A variety of causative agents can cause ocular microbial infections; which are characterized by persistent and destructive inflammation of the ocular tissue; progressive visual disturbance; and may result in loss of visual function in patients if early and effective treatments are not received. The conventional therapeutic approaches to treat vision impairment and blindness resulting from microbial infections involve antimicrobial therapy to eliminate the offending pathogens or in severe cases; by surgical methods and retinal prosthesis replacing of the infected area. In cases where there is concurrent inflammation, once infection is controlled, anti-inflammatory agents are indicated to reduce ocular damage from inflammation which ensues. Despite advances in medical research; progress in the control of ocular microbial infections remains slow. The varying level of ocular tissue recovery in individuals and the incomplete visual functional restoration indicate the chief limitations of current strategies. The development of a more extensive therapy is needed to help in healing to regain vision in patients. Stem cells are multipotent stromal cells that can give rise to a vast variety of cell types following proper differentiation protocol. Stem cell therapy shows promise in reducing inflammation and repairing tissue damage on the eye caused by microbial infections by its ability to modulate immune response and promote tissue regeneration. This article reviews a selected list of common infectious agents affecting the eye; which include fungi; viruses; parasites and bacteria with the aim of discussing the current antimicrobial treatments and the associated therapeutic challenges. We also provide recent updates of the advances in stem cells studies on sepsis therapy as a suggestion of optimum treatment regime for ocular microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoh Wei Teh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Pooi Ling Mok
- Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Aljouf University, 72442 Sakaka, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Munirah Abd Rashid
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Center, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mae-Lynn Catherine Bastion
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Center, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Normala Ibrahim
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, 32001 Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Kadarkarai Murugan
- Department of Zoology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, 632 115 Vellore, India.
| | - Rajan Mariappan
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021 Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Suresh Kumar Subbiah
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Safety, tolerability, clinical, and joint structural outcomes of a single intra-articular injection of allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells in patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a controlled double-blind randomised trial. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:180. [PMID: 28768528 PMCID: PMC5541727 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few clinical trials have investigated the safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells for the management of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. The objectives of this pilot study were to determine the safety and tolerability and to explore the efficacy of a single intra-articular injection of allogeneic human mesenchymal precursor cells (MPCs) to improve clinical symptoms and retard joint structural deterioration over 24 months in patients following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Methods In this phase Ib/IIa, double-blind, active comparator clinical study, 17 patients aged 18–40 years with unilateral ACL reconstruction were randomized (2:1) to receive either a single intra-articular injection of 75 million allogeneic MPCs suspended in hyaluronan (HA) (MPC + HA group) (n = 11) or HA alone (n = 6). Patients were monitored for adverse events. Immunogenicity was evaluated by anti-HLA panel reactive antibodies (PRA) against class I and II HLAs determined by flow cytometry. Pain, function, and quality of life were assessed using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and SF-36v2 scores. Joint space width was measured from radiographs, and tibial cartilage volume and bone area assessed from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results Moderate arthralgia and swelling within 24 h following injection that subsided were observed in 4 out of 11 in the MPC + HA group and 0 out of 6 HA controls. No cell-related serious adverse effects were observed. Increases in class I PRA >10% were observed at week 4 in the MPC + HA group that decreased to baseline levels by week 104. Compared with the HA group, MPC + HA-treated patients showed greater improvements in KOOS pain, symptom, activities of daily living, and SF-36 bodily pain scores (p < 0.05). The MPC + HA group had reduced medial and lateral tibiofemoral joint space narrowing (p < 0.05), less tibial bone expansion (0.5% vs 4.0% over 26 weeks, p = 0.02), and a trend towards reduced tibial cartilage volume loss (0.7% vs –4.0% over 26 weeks, p = 0.10) than the HA controls. Conclusions Intra-articular administration of a single allogeneic MPC injection following ACL reconstruction was safe, well tolerated, and may improve symptoms and structural outcomes. These findings suggest that MPCs warrant further investigations as they may modulate some of the pathological processes responsible for the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis following ACL reconstruction. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01088191) registration date: March 11, 2010 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1391-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Sierra-Parraga JM, Eijken M, Hunter J, Moers C, Leuvenink H, Møller B, Ploeg RJ, Baan CC, Jespersen B, Hoogduijn MJ. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Anti-Inflammatory and Regenerative Mediators for Donor Kidneys During Normothermic Machine Perfusion. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1162-1170. [PMID: 28557562 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is great demand for transplant kidneys for the treatment of end-stage kidney disease patients. To expand the donor pool, organs from older and comorbid brain death donors, so-called expanded criteria donors (ECD), as well as donation after circulatory death donors, are considered for transplantation. However, the quality of these organs may be inferior to standard donor organs. A major issue affecting graft function and survival is ischemia/reperfusion injury, which particularly affects kidneys from deceased donors. The development of hypothermic machine perfusion has been introduced in kidney transplantation as a preservation technique and has improved outcomes in ECD and marginal organs compared to static cold storage. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is the most recent evolution of perfusion technology and allows assessment of the donor organ before transplantation. The possibility to control the content of the perfusion fluid offers opportunities for damage control and reparative therapies during machine perfusion. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been demonstrated to possess potent regenerative properties via the release of paracrine effectors. The combination of NMP and MSC administration at the same time is a promising procedure in the field of transplantation. Therefore, the MePEP consortium has been created to study this novel modality of treatment in preparation for human trials. MePEP aims to assess the therapeutic effects of MSC administered ex vivo by NMP in the mechanisms of injury and repair in a porcine kidney autotransplantation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Maria Sierra-Parraga
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Eijken
- 2 Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine and Nephrology C, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - James Hunter
- 3 Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cyril Moers
- 4 Department of Surgery-Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henri Leuvenink
- 4 Department of Surgery-Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bjarne Møller
- 5 Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rutger J Ploeg
- 3 Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carla C Baan
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bente Jespersen
- 6 Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Cytokine treatment optimises the immunotherapeutic effects of umbilical cord-derived MSC for treatment of inflammatory liver disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:140. [PMID: 28595619 PMCID: PMC5465593 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) possess immunomodulatory properties and low immunogenicity, both crucial properties for their development into an effective cellular immunotherapy. They have shown benefit in clinical trials targeting liver diseases; however the efficacy of MSC therapy will benefit from improvement of the immunomodulatory and immunogenic properties of MSC. METHODS MSC derived from human umbilical cords (ucMSC) were treated for 3 days in vitro with various inflammatory factors, interleukins, vitamins and serum deprivation. Their immunogenicity and immunomodulatory capacity were examined by gene-expression analysis, surface-marker expressions, IDO activity, PGE2 secretion and inhibition of T cell proliferation and IFNγ production. Furthermore, their activation of NK cell cytotoxicity was investigated via CD107a expression on NK cells. The immunomodulatory capacity, biodistribution and survival of pre-treated ucMSC were investigated in a CCl4-induced liver disease mouse model. In addition, capacity of pre-treated MSC to ameliorate liver inflammation was examined in an ex vivo liver inflammation co-culture model. RESULTS IFN-γ and a multiple cytokine cocktail (MC) consisting of IFN-γ, TGFβ and retinoic acid upregulated the expression of immunomodulatory factor PD-L1 and IDO activity. Subsequently, both treatments enhanced the capacity of ucMSC to inhibit CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. The susceptibility of ucMSC for NK cell lysis was decreased by IFN-β, TGFβ and MC treatment. In vivo, no immunomodulation was observed by the ucMSC. Four hours after intravenous infusion in mice with CCl4-induced inflammatory liver injury, the majority of ucMSC were trapped in the lungs. Rapid clearance of ucMSC(VitB6), ucMSC(Starv + VitB6) and ucMSC(MC) and altered bio-distribution of ucMSC(TGFβ) compared to untreated ucMSC was observed. In the ex vivo co-culture system with inflammatory liver slices ucMSC(MC) showed significantly enhanced modulatory capacity compared to untreated ucMSC. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates the responsiveness of ucMSC to in vitro optimisation treatment. The observed improvements in immunomodulatory capacity as well as immunogenicity after MC treatment may improve the efficacy of ucMSC as immunotherapy targeted towards liver inflammation.
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ASC) have immune regulatory function, which makes them interesting candidates for cellular therapy. ASC cultures are however heterogeneous in phenotype. It is unclear whether all ASC contribute equally to immunomodulatory processes. ASC are also responsive to cytokine stimulation, which may affect the ratio between more and less potent ASC populations. In the present study, we determined IL-6 receptor (CD126 and CD130 subunits) and IFN-γ receptor (CD119) expression on ASC by flow cytometry. The production of IL-6 and IFN-γ was measured by ELISA and the frequency of IL-6 and IFN-γ secreting cells by ELISPOT. The results showed that ASC did not express CD126, and only 10–20% of ASC expressed CD130 on their surface, whereas 18–31% of ASC expressed CD119. ASC produced high levels of IL-6 and 100% of ASC were capable of secreting IL-6. Stimulation by IFN-γ or TGF-β had no effect on IL-6 secretion by ASC. IFN-γ was produced by only 1.4% of ASC, and TGF-β significantly increased the frequency to 2.7%. These results demonstrate that ASC cultures are heterogeneous in their cytokine secretion and receptor expression profiles. This knowledge can be employed for selection of potent, cytokine-producing, or responsive ASC subsets for cellular immunotherapy.
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Chani B, Puri V, Sobti RC, Jha V, Puri S. Decellularized scaffold of cryopreserved rat kidney retains its recellularization potential. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173040. [PMID: 28267813 PMCID: PMC5340383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-cellular nature of renal tissue makes it the most challenging organ for regeneration. Therefore, till date whole organ transplantations remain the definitive treatment for the end stage renal disease (ESRD). The shortage of available organs for the transplantation has, thus, remained a major concern as well as an unsolved problem. In this regard generation of whole organ scaffold through decellularization followed by regeneration of the whole organ by recellularization is being viewed as a potential alternative for generating functional tissues. Despite its growing interest, the optimal processing to achieve functional organ still remains unsolved. The biggest challenge remains is the time line for obtaining kidney. Keeping these facts in mind, we have assessed the effects of cryostorage (3 months) on renal tissue architecture and its potential for decellularization and recellularization in comparison to the freshly isolated kidneys. The light microscopy exploiting different microscopic stains as well as immuno-histochemistry and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that ECM framework is well retained following kidney cryopreservation. The strength of these structures was reinforced by calculating mechanical stress which confirmed the similarity between the freshly isolated and cryopreserved tissue. The recellularization of these bio-scaffolds, with mesenchymal stem cells quickly repopulated the decellularized structures irrespective of the kidneys status, i.e. freshly isolated or the cryopreserved. The growth pattern employing mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated their equivalent recellularization potential. Based on these observations, it may be concluded that cryopreserved kidneys can be exploited as scaffolds for future development of functional organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baldeep Chani
- Centre for Stem Cell Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Excellence, Panjab Universtiy, Chandigarh, India
| | - Veena Puri
- Centre for Systems Biology & Bioinformatics, Panjab Universtiy, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranbir C. Sobti
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- Department of Nephrology, George Institute for Global Health India and University of Oxford, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Puri
- Centre for Stem Cell Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Excellence, Panjab Universtiy, Chandigarh, India
- Biotechnology Branch, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- * E-mail:
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Fitter S, Gronthos S, Ooi SS, Zannettino AC. The Mesenchymal Precursor Cell Marker Antibody STRO-1 Binds to Cell Surface Heat Shock Cognate 70. Stem Cells 2017; 35:940-951. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Fitter
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Adelaide Medical School
- Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Soo Siang Ooi
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Adelaide Medical School
- Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Andrew C.W. Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Adelaide Medical School
- Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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Abstract
Cancer development is often associated with chronic inflammation. To date, research into inflammation-induced cancer has largely focused on chemokines, cytokines, and their downstream targets. These inflammatory mediators may promote tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and facilitate angiogenesis. However, the exact mechanisms by which inflammation promotes neoplasia remain unclear. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by recurrent, idiopathic intestinal inflammation, the complications of which are potentially fatal. IBD incidence in Australia is 24.2 per 100,000 and its peak onset is in people aged 15 to 24 years. Symptoms include abdominal pain, cramps, bloody stool, and persistent diarrhoea or constipation and so seriously compromise quality of life. However, due to its unknown etiology, current treatment strategies combat the symptoms rather than the disease and are limited by inefficacy, toxicity, and adverse side-effects. IBD is also associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, for which treatment options are similarly limited. In recent years, there has been much interest in the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, whether MSCs suppress or promote tumor development is still contentious within the literature. Many studies indicate that MSCs exert anti-tumor effects and suppress tumor growth, whereas other studies report pro-tumor effects. Studies using MSCs as treatment for IBD have shown promising results in both animal models and human trials. However, as MSC treatment is still novel, the long-term risks remain unknown. This review aims to summarize the current literature on MSC treatment of inflammation-induced cancer, with a focus on colorectal cancer resulting from IBD.
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Lucaciu O, Crisan B, Crisan L, Baciut M, Soritau O, Bran S, Biris AR, Hurubeanu L, Hedesiu M, Vacaras S, Kretschmer W, Dirzu N, Campian RS, Baciut G. In quest of optimal drug-supported and targeted bone regeneration in the cranio facial area: a review of techniques and methods. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 47:455-69. [PMID: 26689239 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2015.1124889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial bone structures are frequently and extensively affected by trauma, tumors, bone infections and diseases, age-related degeneration and atrophy, as well as congenital malformations and developmental anomalies. Consequently, severe encumbrances are imposed on both patients and healthcare systems due to the complex and lengthy treatment duration. The search for alternative methods to bone transplantation, grafting and the use of homologous or heterologous bone thus responds to one of the most significant problems in human medicine. This review focuses on the current consensus of bone-tissue engineering in the craniofacial area with emphasis on drug-induced stem cell differentiation and induced bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondine Lucaciu
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Bogdan Crisan
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Liana Crisan
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Mihaela Baciut
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Olga Soritau
- b "Ion Chiricuta" Oncological Institute , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Simion Bran
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Alexandru Radu Biris
- c National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Lucia Hurubeanu
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Mihaela Hedesiu
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Sergiu Vacaras
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | | | - Noemi Dirzu
- e Technical University of Cluj-Napoca , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Radu Septimiu Campian
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Grigore Baciut
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
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Alipour R, Masoumi Karimi M, Hashemi-Beni B, Adib M, Sereshki N, Sadeghi F. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Is Dispensable for The Immunomodulatory Function of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:597-608. [PMID: 28042544 PMCID: PMC5086338 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective In this study, we sought to better understand the immunoregulatory function
of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). We studied the role
of the interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-axis in immunoregulation of SHED compared to bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs)
under the same conditions.
Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, recently isolated human T cells
were stimulated either by mitogen or inactivated allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). These T cells were subsequently co-cultured with, either SHED or
BMMSCs in the presence or absence of 1-methyl-tryptophan (1-MT) or neutralizing anti-
human-IFN-γ antibodies. In all co-cultures we evaluated lymphocyte activation as well as
IDO activity.
Results SHED, similar to conventional BMMSCs, had anti-proliferative effects on stimulated T cells and reduced their cytokine production. This property of SHED and BMMSCs
was changed by IFN-γ neutralization. We detected IDO in the immunosuppressive supernatant of all co-cultures. Removal of IDO decreased the immunosuppression of BMMSCs.
Conclusion SHED, like BMMSCs, produced the IDO enzyme. Although IFN-γ is one of
inducer of IDO production in SHED, these cells were not affected by IFN-γ in the same
manner as BMMSCs. Unlike BMMSCs, the IDO enzyme did not contribute to their immunosuppression and might have other cell-type specific roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Alipour
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Batool Hashemi-Beni
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Minoo Adib
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Sereshki
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sadeghi
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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De Becker A, Riet IV. Homing and migration of mesenchymal stromal cells: How to improve the efficacy of cell therapy? World J Stem Cells 2016; 8:73-87. [PMID: 27022438 PMCID: PMC4807311 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v8.i3.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are currently being investigated for use in a wide variety of clinical applications. For most of these applications, systemic delivery of the cells is preferred. However, this requires the homing and migration of MSCs to a target tissue. Although MSC homing has been described, this process does not appear to be highly efficacious because only a few cells reach the target tissue and remain there after systemic administration. This has been ascribed to low expression levels of homing molecules, the loss of expression of such molecules during expansion, and the heterogeneity of MSCs in cultures and MSC culture protocols. To overcome these limitations, different methods to improve the homing capacity of MSCs have been examined. Here, we review the current understanding of MSC homing, with a particular focus on homing to bone marrow. In addition, we summarize the strategies that have been developed to improve this process. A better understanding of MSC biology, MSC migration and homing mechanisms will allow us to prepare MSCs with optimal homing capacities. The efficacy of therapeutic applications is dependent on efficient delivery of the cells and can, therefore, only benefit from better insights into the homing mechanisms.
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Effects of Intermittent Administration of Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) on Bone Differentiation in Stromal Precursor Antigen-1 Positive Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4027542. [PMID: 27069479 PMCID: PMC4812479 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4027542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is the most common cause of tooth loss and bone destruction in adults worldwide. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) may represent promising new therapeutic biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Stromal precursor antigen-1 (STRO-1) has been shown to have roles in adherence, proliferation, and multipotency. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been shown to enhance proliferation in osteoblasts. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the functions of STRO-1(+) and STRO-1(-) hPDLSCs and to investigate the effects of PTH on the osteogenic capacity of STRO-1(+) hPDLSCs in order to evaluate their potential applications in the treatment of periodontitis. Our data showed that STRO-1(+) hPDLSCs expressed higher levels of the PTH-1 receptor (PTH1R) than STRO-1(-) hPDLSCs. In addition, intermittent PTH treatment enhanced the expression of PTH1R and osteogenesis-related genes in STRO-1(+) hPDLSCs. PTH-treated cells also exhibited increased alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization ability. Therefore, STRO-1(+) hPDLSCs represented a more promising cell resource for biomaterials and tissue engineering applications. Intermittent PTH treatment improved the capacity for STRO-1(+) hPDLSCs to repair damaged tissue and ameliorate the symptoms of periodontitis.
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Hynes K, Bright R, Proudman S, Haynes D, Gronthos S, Bartold M. Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cell in experimental arthritis in rat and mouse models: A systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2016; 46:1-19. [PMID: 27105756 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent advances in the treatment of arthritis with the development of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, 30% of patients still fail to respond to treatment. Given the potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their ability to repair damaged cartilage, bone, and tendons, it has been proposed that MSC could be ideal for cell-based treatment of arthritis. OBJECTIVE This systematic review investigates evidence from studies on the therapeutic efficacy of MSC in rodent models of arthritis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Wed of Science were searched to June 2015 for quantitative studies examining the outcome of treating animal models of arthritis with MSC. Inclusion criteria were as follows: administration of mesenchymal stem as a treatment approach for arthritis; animal models only; and published in English. We followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS The literature search identified 30 studies which met the inclusion criteria. A range of MSC populations were assessed in various rodent models of arthritis. Of these, 19 demonstrated positive outcomes while 11 studies failed to demonstrate positive effects. Owing to the extensive variation in the experimental design, cells investigated and the outcome measures described in the manuscripts, no meta-analysis was possible. Furthermore, the numerical values for the primary outcome measure of clinical paw score were frequently not published in the manuscripts analyzed, as they were only illustrated in graphical form. CONCLUSIONS Numerous studies have investigated the utility of a range of MSC populations in the treatment of experimental arthritis. The results obtained from these studies have been highly inconsistent, with multiple studies identifying a statistically significant improvement in arthritis scores after treatment with MSC, while other studies identified a statistically significant deterioration in arthritis scores and thirdly some studies showed no effect. Further studies using standardized protocols and outcome measures are needed to determine fully the potential of MSC populations in the treatment of experimental arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Hynes
- Colgate Australian Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Richard Bright
- Colgate Australian Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Susanna Proudman
- Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David Haynes
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark Bartold
- Colgate Australian Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Kariminekoo S, Movassaghpour A, Rahimzadeh A, Talebi M, Shamsasenjan K, Akbarzadeh A. Implications of mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 44:749-57. [PMID: 26757594 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1129620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of multipotent progenitors which reside in bone marrow, fat, and some other tissues and can be isolated from various adult and fetal tissues. Self-renewal potential and multipotency are MSC's hallmarks. They have the capacity of proliferation and differentiation into a variety of cell lineages like osteoblasts, condrocytes, adipocytes, fibroblasts, cardiomyocytes. MSCs can be identified by expression of some surface molecules like CD73, CD90, CD105, and lack of hematopoietic specific markers including CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR. They are hopeful tools for regenerative medicine for repairing injured tissues. Many studies have focused on two significant features of MSC therapy: (I) systemically administered MSCs home to sites of ischemia or injury, and (II) MSCs can modulate T-cell-mediated immunological responses. MSCs express chemokine receptors and ligands involved in cells migration and homing process. MSCs induce immunomedulatory effects on the innate (dendritic cells, monocyte, natural killer cells, and neutrophils) and the adaptive immune system cells (T helper-1, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and B lymphocyte) by secreting soluble factors like TGF-β, IL-10, IDO, PGE-2, sHLA-G5, or by cell-cell interaction. In this review, we discuss the main applications of mesenchymal stem in Regenerative Medicine and known mechanisms of homing and Immunomodulation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Kariminekoo
- a Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran ;,b Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Aliakbar Movassaghpour
- a Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Amirbahman Rahimzadeh
- a Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- a Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Karim Shamsasenjan
- a Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- c Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran ;,d Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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de Witte SFH, Franquesa M, Baan CC, Hoogduijn MJ. Toward Development of iMesenchymal Stem Cells for Immunomodulatory Therapy. Front Immunol 2016; 6:648. [PMID: 26779185 PMCID: PMC4701910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are under development as an immunomodulatory therapy. The anticipated immunomodulatory effects of MSC are broad, from direct inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation, induction of regulatory T and B cells, to resetting the immune system via a hit-and-run principle. There are endless flavors of MSC. Differences between MSC are originating from donors variation, differences in tissue of origin, the effects of culture conditions, and expansion time. Even standard culture conditions change the properties of MSC dramatically and generate MSC that only remotely resemble their in vivo counterparts. Adjustments in culture protocols can further emphasize properties of interest in MSC, thereby generating cells fitted for specific purposes. Culture improved immunomodulatory MSC can be designed to target particular immune disorders. In this review, we describe the observed and the desired immunomodulatory effects of MSC and propose approaches how MSC with optimal immunomodulatory properties can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha F H de Witte
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Marcella Franquesa
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands
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Schepers K, Fibbe WE. Unraveling mechanisms of mesenchymal stromal cell-mediated immunomodulation through patient monitoring and product characterization. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1370:15-23. [PMID: 26713608 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly used in the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions and to modulate immune responses in conditions related to auto-/alloimmunity, including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Although pilot data are promising, treatment responses have been highly variable, and further development of this as a therapeutic modality depends on increased insight into the properties of clinical MSC products and on understanding the mechanisms underlying responses in patients. Here we review the mechanisms that possibly underlie the capacity of MSCs to treat auto-/alloimmunity, and describe how patient monitoring can help to identify the in vivo mechanisms of action in the treatment of GvHD. Since MSCs used in the clinic originate from various donors and from a heterogeneous population of cells, we will also discuss recent insights into MSC heterogeneity and their implications for clinical MSC products. Finally, we describe a framework to improve our understanding of the efficacy and working mechanism of MSCs, which involves patient monitoring and more extensive characterization of the heterogeneity within and between different MSC preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Schepers
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Willem E Fibbe
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Zheng YL, Sun YP, Zhang H, Liu WJ, Jiang R, Li WY, Zheng YH, Zhang ZG. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Obtained from Synovial Fluid Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells on a Matrigel Coating Exhibited Enhanced Proliferation and Differentiation Potential. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144226. [PMID: 26649753 PMCID: PMC4674106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs) serve as a promising source for cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. However, optimal methods for transforming iPSCs into MSCs and the characteristics of iPSC-MSCs obtained from different methods remain poorly understood. In this study, we developed a one-step method for obtaining iPSC-MSCs (CD146+STRO-1+ MSCs) from human synovial fluid MSC-derived induced iPSCs (SFMSC-iPSCs). CD146-STRO-1-SFMSCs were reprogrammed into iPSCs by transduction with lentivirus-mediated Sox2, Oct-3/4, klf4, and c-Myc. SFMSC-iPSCs were maintained with mTeSR1 medium in Matrigel-coated culture plates. Single dissociated cells were obtained by digesting the SFMSC-iPSCs with trypsin. The dissociated cells were then plated into Matrigel-coated culture plate with alpha minimum essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1× Glutamax, and the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632. Cells were then passaged in standard cell culture plates with alpha minimum essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1× Glutamax. After passaging in vitro, the cells showed a homogenous spindle-shape similar to their ancestor cells (SFMSCs), but with more robust proliferative activity. Flow cytometric analysis revealed typical MSC surface markers, including expression of CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD44 and lack of CD45, CD34, CD11b, CD19, and HLA-DR. However, these cells were positive for CD146 and stro-1, which the ancestor cells were not. Moreover, the cells could also be induced to differentiate in osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages in vitro. The differentiation potential was improved compared with the ancestor cells in vitro. The cells were not found to exhibit oncogenicity in vivo. Therefore, the method presented herein facilitated the generation of STRO-1+CD146+ MSCs from SFMSC-iPSCs exhibiting enhanced proliferation and differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Liang Zheng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Peng Sun
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (YS)
| | - Hong Zhang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Rui Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - You-Hua Zheng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Guang Zhang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (YS)
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Rice CM, Marks DI, Ben-Shlomo Y, Evangelou N, Morgan PS, Metcalfe C, Walsh P, Kane NM, Guttridge MG, Miflin G, Blackmore S, Sarkar P, Redondo J, Owen D, Cottrell DA, Wilkins A, Scolding NJ. Assessment of bone marrow-derived Cellular Therapy in progressive Multiple Sclerosis (ACTiMuS): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16:463. [PMID: 26467901 PMCID: PMC4606493 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-0953-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently completed an evaluation of the safety and feasibility of intravenous delivery of autologous bone marrow in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). The possibility of repair was suggested by improvement in the neurophysiological secondary outcome measure seen in all participants. The current study will examine the efficacy of intravenous delivery of autologous marrow in progressive MS. Laboratory studies performed in parallel with the clinical trial will further investigate the biology of bone marrow-derived stem cell infusion in MS, including mechanisms underlying repair. METHODS/DESIGN A prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, stepped wedge design will be employed at a single centre (Bristol, UK). Eighty patients with progressive MS will be recruited; 60 will have secondary progressive disease (SPMS) but a subset (n = 20) will have primary progressive disease (PPMS). Participants will be randomised to either early or late (1 year) intravenous infusion of autologous, unfractionated bone marrow. The placebo intervention is infusion of autologous blood. The primary outcome measure is global evoked potential derived from multimodal evoked potentials. Secondary outcome measures include adverse event reporting, clinical (EDSS and MSFC) and self-assessment (MSIS-29) rating scales, optical coherence tomography (OCT) as well as brain and spine MRI. Participants will be followed up for a further year following the final intervention. Outcomes will be analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. DISCUSSION Assessment of bone marrow-derived Cellular Therapy in progressive Multiple Sclerosis (ACTiMuS) is the first randomised, placebo-controlled trial of non-myeloablative autologous bone marrow-derived stem cell therapy in MS. It will determine whether bone marrow cell therapy can, as was suggested by the phase I safety study, improve conduction in multiple central nervous system pathways affected in progressive MS. Furthermore, laboratory studies performed in parallel with the clinical trial will inform our understanding of the cellular pharmacodynamics of bone marrow infusion in MS patients and the mechanisms underlying cell therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN27232902 Registration date 11/09/2012. NCT01815632 Registration date 19/03/2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Rice
- School of Clinical Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK. .,Bristol Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - David I Marks
- Adult BMT Unit, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust & University of Bristol, St Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, UK.
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
| | - Nikos Evangelou
- Queen's Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Paul S Morgan
- Queen's Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Chris Metcalfe
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
| | - Peter Walsh
- Bristol Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Nick M Kane
- Bristol Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | | | - Gail Miflin
- NHS Blood and Transplant, North Bristol Park, Bristol, BS34 7QH, UK.
| | - Stuart Blackmore
- NHS Blood and Transplant, North Bristol Park, Bristol, BS34 7QH, UK.
| | - Pamela Sarkar
- School of Clinical Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK. .,Bristol Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Juliana Redondo
- School of Clinical Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Denise Owen
- Bristol Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - David A Cottrell
- Bristol Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Alastair Wilkins
- School of Clinical Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK. .,Bristol Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Neil J Scolding
- School of Clinical Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK. .,Bristol Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
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Modiano JF, Lindborg BA, McElmurry RT, Lewellen M, Forster CL, Zamora EA, Schaack J, Bellgrau D, O'Brien TD, Tolar J. Mesenchymal stromal cells inhibit murine syngeneic anti-tumor immune responses by attenuating inflammation and reorganizing the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:1449-60. [PMID: 26250807 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to inhibit anti-tumor immunity is becoming increasingly well recognized, but the precise steps affected by these cells during the development of an anti-tumor immune response remain incompletely understood. Here, we examined how MSCs affect the steps required to mount an effective anti-tumor immune response following administration of adenovirus Fas ligand (Ad-FasL) in the Lewis lung carcinoma (LL3) model. Administration of bone marrow-derived MSCs with LL3 cells accelerated tumor growth significantly. MSCs inhibited the inflammation induced by Ad-FasL in the primary tumors, precluding their rejection; MSCs also reduced the consequent expansion of tumor-specific T cells in the treated hosts. When immune T cells were transferred to adoptive recipients, MSCs impaired, but did not completely abrogate the ability of these T cells to promote elimination of secondary tumors. This impairment was associated with a modest reduction in tumor-infiltrating T cells, with a significant reduction in tumor-infiltrating macrophages, and with a reorganization of the stromal environment. Our data indicate that MSCs in the tumor environment reduce the efficacy of immunotherapy by creating a functional and anatomic barrier that impairs inflammation, T cell priming and expansion, and T cell function-including recruitment of effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime F Modiano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 1365 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA. .,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Beth A Lindborg
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,BRTI Life Sciences, Two Harbors, MN, USA
| | - Ron T McElmurry
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mitzi Lewellen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 1365 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Colleen L Forster
- BioNet Histology Research Laboratory, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Edward A Zamora
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Group, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jerome Schaack
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Donald Bellgrau
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA.,Integrated Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Timothy D O'Brien
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Lai RC, Yeo RWY, Lim SK. Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 40:82-8. [PMID: 25765629 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MSCs are an extensively used cell type in clinical trials today. The initial rationale for their clinical testing was based on their differentiation potential. However, the lack of correlation between functional improvement and cell engraftment or differentiation at the site of injury has led to the proposal that MSCs exert their effects not through their differentiation potential but through their secreted product, more specifically, exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle. We propose here that MSC exosomes function as an extension of MSC's biological role as tissue stromal support cells. Like their cell source, MSC exosomes help maintain tissue homeostasis for optimal tissue function. They target housekeeping biological processes that operate ubiquitously in all tissues and are critical in maintaining tissue homeostasis, enabling cells to recover critical cellular functions and begin repair and regeneration. This hypothesis provides a rationale for the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs and their secreted exosomes in a wide spectrum of diseases. Here, we give a brief introduction of the biogenesis of MSC exosomes, review their physiological functions and highlight some of their biochemical potential to illustrate how MSC exosomes could restore tissue homeostasis leading to tissue recovery and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruenn Chai Lai
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Ronne Wee Yeh Yeo
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Rahimzadeh A, Mirakabad FST, Movassaghpour A, Shamsasenjan K, Kariminekoo S, Talebi M, Shekari A, Zeighamian V, Ghalhar MG, Akbarzadeh A. Biotechnological and biomedical applications of mesenchymal stem cells as a therapeutic system. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 44:559-70. [PMID: 25340260 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.968823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic, multipotent progenitor cells which reside in bone marrow (BM), support homing of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and self-renewal in the BM. These cells have the potential to differentiate into tissues of mesenchymal origin, such as fibroblasts, adipocytes, cardiomyocytes, and stromal cells. MSCs can express surface molecules like CD13, CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD166, CXCL12 and toll-like receptors (TLRs). Different factors, such as TGF-β, IL-10, IDO, PGE-2, sHLA-G5, HO, and Galectin-3, secreted by MSCs, induce interaction in cell to cell immunomodulatory effects on innate and adaptive cells of the immune system. Furthermore, these cells can stimulate and increase the TH2 and regulatory T-cells through inhibitory effects on the immune system. MSCs originate from the BM and other tissues including the brain, adipose tissue, peripheral blood, cornea, thymus, spleen, fallopian tube, placenta, Wharton's jelly and umbilical cord blood. Many studies have focused on two significant features of MSC therapy: (I) MSCs can modulate T-cell-mediated immunological responses, and (II) systemically administered MSCs home in to sites of ischemia or injury. In this review, we describe the known mechanisms of immunomodulation and homing of MSCs. As a result, this review emphasizes the functional role of MSCs in modulating immune responses, their capability in homing to injured tissue, and their clinical therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirbahman Rahimzadeh
- a Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | | | - Aliakbar Movassaghpour
- a Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Karim Shamsasenjan
- d Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Saber Kariminekoo
- a Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- e Hematology and Blood Banking Department, Faculty of Medical Science , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Abolfazl Shekari
- f Department Of Medical Genetic , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran
| | - Vahideh Zeighamian
- g Department of Medical Biotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Masoud Gandomkar Ghalhar
- g Department of Medical Biotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- h Department of Medical Nanotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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Alipour R, Adib M, Hashemi-Beni B, Sadeghi F. The effect of stem cell from human exfoliated deciduous teeth on T lymphocyte proliferation. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:202. [PMID: 25337532 PMCID: PMC4202497 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.142312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), a specific type of adult tissue stem cell; have the immunosuppressive effects that make them valuable targets for regenerative medicine and treatment of many human illnesses. Hence, MSC have been the subject of numerous studies. The classical source of MSC is adult bone marrow (BM). Due to many shortcomings of harvesting MSC from BM, finding the alternative sources for MSC is an urgent. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are relative new MSC populations that fulfill these criteria but their potential immunosuppressive effect has not been studied enough yet. Thus, in this work the effect of SHED on the proliferation of in vitro activated T lymphocytes were explored. Materials and Methods: In this study, both mitogen and alloantigen activated T cells were cultured in the presence of different numbers of SHED. In some co-cultures, activated T cells were in direct contact to MSCs and in other co-cultures; they were separated from SHED by a permeable membrane. In all co-cultures, the proliferation of T cells was measured by ELISA Bromodeoxyuridine proliferation assay. Results: In general, our results showed that SHED significantly suppress the proliferation of activated T cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the suppression was slightly stronger when MSCs were in physical contact to activated T cells. Conclusion: This study showed that SHED likewise other MSC populations can suppress the activation of T lymphocytes, which can be used instead of BM derived MSCs in many investigational and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Alipour
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Minoo Adib
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Batool Hashemi-Beni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sadeghi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Hagmann S, Frank S, Gotterbarm T, Dreher T, Eckstein V, Moradi B. Fluorescence activated enrichment of CD146+ cells during expansion of human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells augments proliferation and GAG/DNA content in chondrogenic media. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:322. [PMID: 25262357 PMCID: PMC4196082 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While numerous subpopulations of BM-MSCs have been identified, the relevance of these findings regarding the functional properties remains mostly unclear. With regards to attempts of enhancing differentiation results by preselecting certain MSC subtypes, we have evaluated the efficiency of CD146 purification during expansion, and evaluated whether these measures enhanced MSC differentiation results. METHODS Human MSCs were derived from bone marrow of six donors and cultured in two different culture media. After P1, MSCs were purified by either magnetic or fluorescence sorting for CD146, with unsorted cells as controls. Growth characteristics and typical MSC surface markers were assessed from P0 to P3. After P3, chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential were assessed. RESULTS Despite a high variability of CD146 expression among the donors, fluorescence sorting significantly increased the number of CD146+ cells compared to control MSCs, while magnetic sorting led to a lesser enrichment. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential was not affected by the sorting process. However, FACS-sorted cells showed significantly increased GAG/DNA content after chondrogenic differentiation compared to control MSCs. CONCLUSION FACS sorting of CD146+ cells was more efficient than magnetic sorting. The underlying mechanism of increased GAG/DNA content after enrichment during expansion remains unclear, but may be linked to increased proliferation rates in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Babak Moradi
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Schnabel LV, Abratte CM, Schimenti JC, Felippe MJB, Cassano JM, Southard TL, Cross JA, Fortier LA. Induced pluripotent stem cells have similar immunogenic and more potent immunomodulatory properties compared with bone marrow-derived stromal cells in vitro. Regen Med 2014; 9:621-35. [PMID: 24773530 PMCID: PMC4352342 DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the in vitro immunogenic and immunomodulatory properties of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) compared with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). MATERIALS & METHODS Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were isolated from C3HeB/FeJ and C57BL/6J mice, and reprogrammed to generate iPSCs. Mixed leukocyte reactions were performed using MHC-matched and -mismatched responder leukocytes and stimulator leukocytes, iPSCs or MSCs. To assess immunogenic potential, iPSCs and MSCs were used as stimulator cells for responder leukocytes. To assess immunomodulatory properties, iPSCs and MSCs were cultured in the presence of stimulator and responder leukocytes. MEFs were used as a control. RESULTS iPSCs had similar immunogenic properties but more potent immunomodulatory effects than MSCs. Co-culture of MHC-mismatched leukocytes with MHC-matched iPSCs resulted in significantly less responder T-cell proliferation than observed for MHC-mismatched leukocytes alone and at more responder leukocyte concentrations than with MSCs. In addition, MHC-mismatched iPSCs significantly reduced responder T-cell proliferation when co-cultured with MHC-mismatched leukocytes, while MHC-mismatched MSCs did not. CONCLUSION These results provide important information when considering the use of iPSCs in place of MSCs in both regenerative and transplantation medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V Schnabel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Christian M Abratte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - John C Schimenti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - M Julia Bevilaqua Felippe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jennifer M Cassano
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Teresa L Southard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jessica A Cross
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lisa A Fortier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Voswinkel J, Francois S, Simon JM, Benderitter M, Gorin NC, Mohty M, Fouillard L, Chapel A. Use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in chronic inflammatory fistulizing and fibrotic diseases: a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2014; 45:180-92. [PMID: 23296948 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-012-8347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), multipotent adult stem cells, feature the potential to regenerate tissue damage and, in parallel, inhibit inflammation and fibrosis. MSC can be safely transplanted in autologous and allogeneic ways as they are non-immunogenic, and consequently represent a therapeutic option for refractory connective tissue diseases, fibrosing diseases like scleroderma and fistulizing colitis like in Crohn's disease. Actually, there are more than 200 registered clinical trial sites for evaluating MSC therapy, and 22 are on autoimmune diseases. In irradiation-induced colitis, MSC accelerate functional recovery of the intestine and dampen the systemic inflammatory response. In order to provide rescue therapy for accidentally over-irradiated prostate cancer patients who underwent radiotherapy, allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSC from family donors were intravenously infused to three patients with refractory and fistulizing colitis resembling fistulizing Crohn's disease. Systemic MSC therapy of refractory irradiation-induced colitis was safe and effective on pain, diarrhoea, hemorrhage, inflammation and fistulization accompanied by modulation of the lymphocyte subsets towards an increase of T regulatory cells and a decrease of activated effector T cells. The current data indicate that MSC represent a promising alternative strategy in the treatment of various immune-mediated diseases. Encouraging results have already been obtained from clinical trials in Crohn's disease and SLE as well as from case series in systemic sclerosis. MSC represent a safe therapeutic measure for patients who suffer from chronic and fistulizing colitis. These findings are instructional for the management of refractory inflammatory bowel diseases that are characterized by similar clinical and immunopathological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Voswinkel
- Department of Hematology, Saint Antoine Hospital APHP and UPMC University, UMRS 938, 184 rue Faubourg Saint Antoine, 75012, Paris, France,
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Haddad R, Saldanha-Araujo F. Mechanisms of T-cell immunosuppression by mesenchymal stromal cells: what do we know so far? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:216806. [PMID: 25025040 PMCID: PMC4082893 DOI: 10.1155/2014/216806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells, which can give rise to several cell types including osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondroblasts. These cells can be found in a variety of adult and fetal tissues, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, cord blood, and placenta. In recent years, the biological properties of MSCs have attracted the attention of researchers worldwide due to their potential application for treating a series of clinical situations. Among these properties, special attention should be given to the immunoregulatory potential of those cells. MSCs are able to act on all cells of the immune system, which includes the capacity to inhibit the proliferation and function of T-cells. This feature renders them natural candidates to treat several diseases in which cellular immune response is exacerbated. In this review, we outline the main mechanisms by which MSCs immunosuppress T-cell response, focusing on cell-cell contact, secretion of soluble factors, and regulatory T-cell generation. The influence of surface markers in the immunosuppression process and features of MSCs isolated from different sources are also discussed. Finally, the influences of toll-like receptors and cytokines on the inflammatory microenvironment are highlighted regarding the activation of MSCs to exert their immunoregulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Haddad
- 1Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, 72220-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Felipe Saldanha-Araujo
- 2Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- *Felipe Saldanha-Araujo:
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Barcellos-de-Souza P, Gori V, Bambi F, Chiarugi P. Tumor microenvironment: bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells as key players. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:321-35. [PMID: 24183942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor progression is a multistep phenomenon in which tumor-associated stromal cells perform an intricate cross-talk with tumor cells, supplying appropriate signals that may promote tumor aggressiveness. Among several cell types that constitute the tumor stroma, the discovery that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) have a strong tropism for tumors has achieved notoriety in recent years. Not only are the BM-MSC recruited, but they can also engraft at tumor sites and transdifferentiate into cells such as activated fibroblasts, perivascular cells and macrophages, which will perform a key role in tumor progression. Whether the BM-MSC and their derived cells promote or suppress the tumor progression is a controversial issue. Recently, it has been proposed that proinflammatory stimuli can be decisive in driving BM-MSC polarization into cells with either tumor-supportive or tumor-repressive phenotypes (MSC1/MSC2). These considerations are extremely important both to an understanding of tumor biology and to the putative use of BM-MSC as "magic bullets" against tumors. In this review, we discuss the role of BM-MSC in many steps in tumor progression, focusing on the factors that attract BM-MSC to tumors, BM-MSC differentiation ability, the role of BM-MSC in tumor support or inhibition, the immunomodulation promoted by BM-MSC and metastatic niche formation by these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Barcellos-de-Souza
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Tuscany Tumor Institute and Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE, Florence, Italy; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Rice CM, Kemp K, Wilkins A, Scolding NJ. Cell therapy for multiple sclerosis: an evolving concept with implications for other neurodegenerative diseases. Lancet 2013; 382:1204-13. [PMID: 24095194 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a major cause of neurological disability, and particularly occurs in young adults. It is characterised by conspicuous patches of damage throughout the brain and spinal cord, with loss of myelin and myelinating cells (oligodendrocytes), and damage to neurons and axons. Multiple sclerosis is incurable, but stem-cell therapy might offer valuable therapeutic potential. Efforts to develop stem-cell therapies for multiple sclerosis have been conventionally built on the principle of direct implantation of cells to replace oligodendrocytes, and therefore to regenerate myelin. Recent progress in understanding of disease processes in multiple sclerosis include observations that spontaneous myelin repair is far more widespread and successful than was previously believed, that loss of axons and neurons is more closely associated with progressive disability than is myelin loss, and that damage occurs diffusely throughout the CNS in grey and white matter, not just in discrete, isolated patches or lesions. These findings have introduced new and serious challenges that stem-cell therapy needs to overcome; the practical challenges to achieve cell replacement alone are difficult enough, but, to be useful, cell therapy for multiple sclerosis must achieve substantially more than the replacement of lost oligodendrocytes. However, parallel advances in understanding of the reparative properties of stem cells--including their distinct immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties, interactions with resident or tissue-based stem cells, cell fusion, and neurotrophin elaboration--offer renewed hope for development of cell-based therapies. Additionally, these advances suggest avenues for translation of this approach not only for multiple sclerosis, but also for other common neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Rice
- University of Bristol Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Burden MS Stem Cell Laboratories and BrAMS Unit, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK
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Rice CM, Cottrell D, Wilkins A, Scolding NJ. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis: progress and challenges. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84:1100-6. [PMID: 23418213 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-304140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been recognised as presenting great difficulties to our management of what is increasingly a treatable neurological disease. Here we review some basic and clinical aspects of primary progressive MS, and describe how the disorder in fact offers powerful insights and opportunities for better understanding multiple sclerosis, and from a practical perspective an invaluable clinical substrate for studying and treating progressive disability in MS. Difficult hurdles remain, however, and these too are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Rice
- University of Bristol Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK
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Zhang Y, Zhao D, Tian C, Li F, Li X, Zhang L, Yang H. Stro-1-positive human mesenchymal stem cells prolong skin graft survival in mice. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:726-9. [PMID: 23498813 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and its stromal cell antigen 1 Stro-1 positive (Stro-1(+)) subgroup possess immunosuppressive properties. Our objective was to evaluate the in vivo inhibitory effect of MSCs and the Stro-1 subset. METHODS Isolated human MSCs from bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells of healthy adults, and Stro-1(+) cells were cultured before sorting. Female C57BL/6 mice and female BALB/c mice were used as donors and recipients in an allogeneic skin graft model, respectively. The recipients were divided randomly into 4 groups: (1) The Stro-1(+) MSCs group received 2 × 10(6) Stro-1(+) MSCs injected into irradiated recipients before skin grafting. (2) The MSC group (2 × 10(6)) injected into the irradiated recipient mice before skin grafting. (3) The irradiated control group just irradiated before skin grafting. (4) The syngenic control group included irradiated BALB/c mice that received skin from syngenic mice. The main data included skin graft survival times, histologic changes on hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and plasma transforming growth factor (TGF)-β concentrations in recipients measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and after transplantation. RESULTS The skin graft survival time in the MSCs group (12.13 ± 3.34 days) was not significantly prolonged versus the irradiated controls (11.38 ± 1.01 days), but it was notably prolonged among the Stro-1(+) MSCs group (30.68 ± 5.89 days) compared with the irradiated control and the MSCs groups, respectively. The histology of skin grafts among the stro-1(+) group showed a clear structure. After grafting, plasma TGF-β concentrations were almost the same as before transplantation among the irradiated and the syngenic controls but significantly increased in the MSCs and Stro-1(+) MSCs groups. CONCLUSIONS Stro-1(+) MSCs induced greater prolongation of skin grafts in mice than unsorted MSCs; however, TGF-β expression did not contribute to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Tianjin, China.
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