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Evangelho KDS, Cifuentes-González C, Rojas-Carabali W, Vivero-Arciniegas CD, Cañas-Arboleda M, Salguero G, Ramírez-Santana C, de-la-Torre A. Early detection of optic nerve head changes using optical coherence tomography after using mesenchymal stromal cells as intravitreal therapy in rabbit models of ocular hypertension. Vet World 2024; 17:500-508. [PMID: 38595669 PMCID: PMC11000475 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.500-508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Stem cell therapy is considered a promising treatment for several neurodegenerative diseases. However, there are very few studies on the use of this therapy in glaucoma models. By detecting the changes produced by glaucoma early, cell therapy could help prevent the events that lead to blindness. In this study, early changes in the optic nerve head (ONH) as detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) after the application of human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hWJ-MSCs) in an experimental model of ocular hypertension (OH) were evaluated. Materials and Methods Fifteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the following three groups: G1: OH, G2: hWJ-MSCs, and G3: OH + hWJ-MSCs. An OH model was constructed, and the intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured regularly. At week 7, 105/100 μL hWJ-MSCs were intravitreally injected. Retinography and OCT were used to evaluate structural changes in ONH. Results IOP increased significantly in G1 and G3 from week 3 onward. Retinography revealed more significant optic nerve changes, that is, papillary asymmetry suggestive of optic nerve excavation, vascular alterations, and irregular hypopigmentation peripheral to the optic disk margin, in G1 compared with G3. OH locates the hWJ-MSCs solution in the vitreous in front of the optic nerve. OCT revealed retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) reduction in all groups, reduced optic cup volume in G2 and G3 between weeks 1 and 9, and significant ganglion cell layer thickness reduction in G1 and a slight increase in G3. Conclusion Intravitreal hWJ-MSCs injection produced changes in optic cup volume, which were detected early on by OCT; however, RNFL could not be restored in this OH model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine dos Santos Evangelho
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Cifuentes-González
- Neuroscience (NEUROS) Research Group, Neurovitae Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - William Rojas-Carabali
- Neuroscience (NEUROS) Research Group, Neurovitae Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Mariana Cañas-Arboleda
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud-IDCBIS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Salguero
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud-IDCBIS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Ramírez-Santana
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandra de-la-Torre
- Neuroscience (NEUROS) Research Group, Neurovitae Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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Mushtaq U, Shaman Ameen B, Nie C, Nechi D, Mazhar IJ, Yasir M, Sarfraz S, Shlaghya G, Narayana SH, Khan S. Association Between the Use of Systemic Steroids and Ocular Hypertension as a Side Effect in Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e42112. [PMID: 37602115 PMCID: PMC10438628 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroids are commonly used in children for the treatment of various medical conditions. However, systemic steroids can lead to the development of ocular hypertension (OHT), an increase in intraocular pressure. Limited literature is available on the systemic route of steroid administration in children and the development of this side effect. For literature writing and review, a thorough research was conducted across various platforms, such as PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), Medline, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR). After all the screening processes and quality checks, 12 articles were finalized for review writing. The aim was to explore if OHT development is a common side effect developed in children on systemic steroid use for various medical conditions and if any particular risk factors were present among children that lead to its development. The results indicate that OHT is a common side effect of systemic steroid use in children. Children may or may not present with the symptoms of raised intraocular pressure. The development of OHT occurs within one month of the beginning of the steroid treatment in most of the reviewed studies. Several risk factors associated with developing this side effect were also found. In conclusion, systemic steroid use in children leads to the development of OHT. Awareness among healthcare professionals regarding this potential association is necessary. This information can be used to develop guidelines for serial ocular examinations in children on prolonged systemic steroid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujala Mushtaq
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Basim Shaman Ameen
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Chuhao Nie
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Daniel Nechi
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Iqra J Mazhar
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Mohamed Yasir
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Saba Sarfraz
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Gandhala Shlaghya
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sri Harsha Narayana
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Safeera Khan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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3
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Krag S, Larsen D, Albertsen BK, Glerup M. Risk of ocular hypertension in children treated with systemic glucocorticoid. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e1430-e1434. [PMID: 33629533 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the risk of steroid-induced ocular hypertension in children treated with systemic glucocorticoid. METHODS Prospective cohort study of children treated with high-dose systemic glucocorticoid (prednisolone-equivalent >0.5 mg/kg/day) for more than 2 weeks. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by an Icare tonometer. An intraocular hypertensive response was defined as a net increase in IOP ≥6 mmHg from baseline or a peak IOP ≥21 mmHg in either eye. Patients with a peak IOP ≥31 mmHg or a net increase in IOP ≥15 mmHg were considered as high responders. RESULTS Sixteen children with median age 12 years (range 5-17) were included in the study. Nine children (56%) developed a steroid-induced ocular hypertensive response. Two children (12%) were high responders with peak IOP between 32 and 44 mmHg and a net increase in IOP between 15 and 23 mmHg. All children were asymptomatic and IOP was normalized in all after withdrawal of steroid. Steroid responders were significantly younger than nonresponders (p = 0.03). No associations were found between net IOP increase and time to peak pressure, steroid dose at peak pressure or accumulated prednisolone dose at peak IOP. CONCLUSION Systemic treatment of children with glucocorticoid can cause a significant increase in IOP which indicates the need for IOP screening of these children. The risk of steroid-induced ocular hypertension may depend on age and ethnicity. In this perspective, further studies on Caucasian children are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Krag
- Department of Ophthalmology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - Dorte Larsen
- Department of Ophthalmology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | | | - Mia Glerup
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
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Tirendi S, Saccà SC, Vernazza S, Traverso C, Bassi AM, Izzotti A. A 3D Model of Human Trabecular Meshwork for the Research Study of Glaucoma. Front Neurol 2020; 11:591776. [PMID: 33335510 PMCID: PMC7736413 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.591776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial syndrome in which the development of pro-apoptotic signals are the causes for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss. Most of the research progress in the glaucoma field have been based on experimentally inducible glaucoma animal models, which provided results about RGC loss after either the crash of the optic nerve or IOP elevation. In addition, there are genetically modified mouse models (DBA/2J), which make the study of hereditary forms of glaucoma possible. However, these approaches have not been able to identify all the molecular mechanisms characterizing glaucoma, possibly due to the disadvantages and limits related to the use of animals. In fact, the results obtained with small animals (i.e., rodents), which are the most commonly used, are often not aligned with human conditions due to their low degree of similarity with the human eye anatomy. Although the results obtained from non-human primates are in line with human conditions, they are little used for the study of glaucoma and its outcomes at cellular level due to their costs and their poor ease of handling. In this regard, according to at least two of the 3Rs principles, there is a need for reliable human-based in vitro models to better clarify the mechanisms involved in disease progression, and possibly to broaden the scope of the results so far obtained with animal models. The proper selection of an in vitro model with a "closer to in vivo" microenvironment and structure, for instance, allows for the identification of the biomarkers involved in the early stages of glaucoma and contributes to the development of new therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the most recent findings in the glaucoma field through the use of human two- and three-dimensional cultures. In particular, it focuses on the role of the scaffold and the use of bioreactors in preserving the physiological relevance of in vivo conditions of the human trabecular meshwork cells in three-dimensional cultures. Moreover, data from these studies also highlight the pivotal role of oxidative stress in promoting the production of trabecular meshwork-derived pro-apoptotic signals, which are one of the first marks of trabecular meshwork damage. The resulting loss of barrier function, increase of intraocular pressure, as well the promotion of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are listed as the main features of glaucoma. Therefore, a better understanding of the first molecular events, which trigger the glaucoma cascade, allows the identification of new targets for an early neuroprotective therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tirendi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Sergio Claudio Saccà
- Ophthalmology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefania Vernazza
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Traverso
- Clinica Oculistica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno Infantili, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Mutagenesis Unit, IST National Institute for Cancer Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Martino University Hospital, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Ross AE, Bengani LC, Tulsan R, Maidana DE, Salvador-Culla B, Kobashi H, Kolovou PE, Zhai H, Taghizadeh K, Kuang L, Mehta M, Vavvas DG, Kohane DS, Ciolino JB. Topical sustained drug delivery to the retina with a drug-eluting contact lens. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Evangelho K, Mastronardi CA, de-la-Torre A. Experimental Models of Glaucoma: A Powerful Translational Tool for the Future Development of New Therapies for Glaucoma in Humans-A Review of the Literature. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E280. [PMID: 31212881 PMCID: PMC6630440 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common complex disease that leads to irreversible blindness worldwide. Even though preclinical studies showed that lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) could prevent retinal ganglion cells loss, clinical evidence suggests that lessening IOP does not prevent glaucoma progression in all patients. Glaucoma is also becoming more prevalent in the elderly population, showing that age is a recognized major risk factor. Indeed, recent findings suggest that age-related tissue alterations contribute to the development of glaucoma and have encouraged exploration for new treatment approaches. In this review, we provide information on the most frequently used experimental models of glaucoma and describe their advantages and limitations. Additionally, we describe diverse animal models of glaucoma that can be potentially used in translational medicine and aid an efficient shift to the clinic. Experimental animal models have helped to understand the mechanisms of formation and evacuation of aqueous humor, and the maintenance of homeostasis of intra-ocular pressure. However, the transfer of pre-clinical results obtained from animal studies into clinical trials may be difficult since the type of study does not only depend on the type of therapy to be performed, but also on a series of factors observed both in the experimental period and the period of transfer to clinical application. Conclusions: Knowing the exact characteristics of each glaucoma experimental model could help to diminish inconveniences related to the process of the translation of results into clinical application in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Evangelho
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas y Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá,11121, Colombia.
| | - Claudio A Mastronardi
- Neuroscience Research Group (NeurUROS), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, 11121, Colombia.
| | - Alejandra de-la-Torre
- Neuroscience Research Group (NeurUROS), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, 11121, Colombia.
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7
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Descemet’s Membrane Detachment with Schisis Induced by Phacoemulsification. Optom Vis Sci 2016; 93:1562-1566. [DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000000993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Chen PQ, Han XM, Zhu YN, Xu J. Comparison of the anti-inflammatory effects of fluorometholone 0.1% combined with levofloxacin 0.5% and tobramycin/dexamethasone eye drops after cataract surgery. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:1619-1623. [PMID: 27990365 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.11.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the combination of fluorometholone 0.1% and levofloxacin 0.5% to tobramycin/dexamethasone eye drops in controlling inflammation and preventing infection after phacoemulsification with an intraocular lens implantation. METHODS Sixty eyes from 60 patients undergoing cataract phacoemulsification were randomized into two groups; half of the patients were treated with fluorometholone (6 times/d) combined with levofloxacin (4 times/d), while the other half were treated with tobramycin/dexamethasone (4 times/d) eye drops for one week. Preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure, aqueous flare, corneal thickness, and signs and symptoms were recorded before the operation and 1wk following treatments. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in corneal thickness (P≥0.629), aqueous flare (P≥0.398), and signs and symptoms scores (P≥0.350) at each time point. Ocular hypertension was only observed in two eyes in the tobramycin/dexamethasone group. CONCLUSION Fluorometholone combined with levofloxacin treatment shows comparable efficacy but without the tendency to increase intraocular pressure; thus, it might be a better regimen for postoperative use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Qing Chen
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xue-Mei Han
- Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhu
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
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Rybkin I, Gerometta R, Fridman G, Candia O, Danias J. Model systems for the study of steroid-induced IOP elevation. Exp Eye Res 2016; 158:51-58. [PMID: 27450911 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Steroid-induced IOP elevation affects a significant number of patients. It results from a decrease in outflow facility of the aqueous humor. To understand the pathophysiology of this condition a number of model systems have been created. These include ex-vivo cell and organ cultures as well as in-vivo animal models in organisms ranging from rodents to primates. These model systems can be used to investigate specific aspects of steroid-induced IOP elevation. This brief review summarizes the strengths and limitations of the various model systems and provides examples of where these systems have been successfully used to advance our understanding of steroid-induced IOP elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Rybkin
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate, NY, USA
| | - Rosana Gerometta
- Departamento de Oftalmologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina; Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Oscar Candia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Danias
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate, NY, USA.
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10
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Gosling AA, Kiland JA, Rutkowski LE, Hoefs A, Ellinwood NM, McLellan GJ. Effects of topical corticosteroid administration on intraocular pressure in normal and glaucomatous cats. Vet Ophthalmol 2016; 19 Suppl 1:69-76. [PMID: 26876736 PMCID: PMC4930713 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the effect of topical corticosteroid (CCS) therapy on intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal cats and cats with primary feline congenital glaucoma (FCG). ANIMALS STUDIED Five normal and 11 FCG cats were studied in two cohorts. PROCEDURES IOP was measured by a single, masked observer, once daily, 3-5 days/week throughout the course of CCS treatment and for up to 11 days after treatment discontinuation. One eye per cat was randomly assigned for treatment twice daily with CCS; balanced salt solution (BSS) applied to the contralateral eye served as a control. Differences between eyes and between weeks of the study period were calculated for each cat. A positive response to CCS was defined as a consistent >15% or >25% higher IOP in the treated relative to control eye in normal and FCG cats, respectively. RESULTS A total of 8 of 11 FCG cats responded to topical CCS after 1-5 weeks of treatment with an increase in IOP relative to the untreated eye (maximum IOP discrepancy of 56 mmHg). Two of five normal cats responded to topical CCS with an appreciable, but clinically unimportant increase in IOP in the treated eye (maximum IOP discrepancy of 6.4 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the incidence of steroid-induced IOP elevation in cats is lower than that of previously published feline studies. Cats with preexisting compromise in aqueous humor outflow may show a greater, clinically relevant response to topical CCS than normal cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson A Gosling
- Department of Surgical Sciences & Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julie A Kiland
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lauren E Rutkowski
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adam Hoefs
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Gillian J McLellan
- Department of Surgical Sciences & Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, WI, USA
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Lin CH, Liao PL, Hsiao G, Li CH, Huang SH, Tsai CH, Wu MR, Lin FL, Ho JD, Cheng HW, Cheng YW. Long-term Fluorometholone Topical Use Induces Ganglion Cell Damage in Rats Analyzed With Optical Coherence Tomography. Toxicol Sci 2015; 147:317-25. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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12
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Raghunathan VK, Morgan JT, Park SA, Weber D, Phinney BS, Murphy CJ, Russell P. Dexamethasone Stiffens Trabecular Meshwork, Trabecular Meshwork Cells, and Matrix. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:4447-59. [PMID: 26193921 PMCID: PMC4509060 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment with corticosteroids can result in ocular hypertension and may lead to the development of steroid-induced glaucoma. The extent to which biomechanical changes in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) contribute toward this dysfunction is poorly understood. METHODS Primary human TM (HTM) cells were cultured for either 3 days or 4 weeks in the presence or absence of dexamethasone (DEX), and cell mechanics, matrix mechanics and proteomics were determined, respectively. Adult rabbits were treated topically with either 0.1% DEX or vehicle over 3 weeks, and mechanics of the TM were determined. RESULTS Treatment with DEX for 3 days resulted in a 2-fold increase in HTM cell stiffness, and this correlated with activation of extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and overexpression of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA). Further, the matrix deposited by HTM cells chronically treated with DEX is approximately 4-fold stiffer, more organized, and has elevated expression of matrix proteins commonly implicated in glaucoma (decorin, myocilin, fibrillin, secreted frizzle-related protein [SFRP1], matrix-gla). Also, DEX treatment resulted in a 3.5-fold increase in stiffness of the rabbit TM. DISCUSSION This integrated approach clearly demonstrates that DEX treatment increases TM cell stiffness concurrent with elevated αSMA expression and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, stiffens the ECM in vitro along with upregulation of Wnt antagonists and fibrotic markers embedded in a more organized matrix, and increases the stiffness of TM tissues in vivo. These results demonstrate glucocorticoid treatment can initiate the biophysical alteration associated with increased resistance to aqueous humor outflow and the resultant increase in IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Krishna Raghunathan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Joshua T. Morgan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Shin Ae Park
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Darren Weber
- University of California Davis Genome Center Proteomics Core Facility, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Brett S. Phinney
- University of California Davis Genome Center Proteomics Core Facility, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Christopher J. Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Paul Russell
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
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13
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Overby DR, Clark AF. Animal models of glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2015; 141:15-22. [PMID: 26051991 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) therapy is widely used to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases and conditions. While unmatched in their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities, GC therapy is often associated with the significant ocular side effect of GC-induced ocular hypertension (OHT) and iatrogenic open-angle glaucoma. Investigators have generated GC-induced OHT and glaucoma in at least 8 different species besides man. These models mimic many features of this condition in man and provide morphologic and molecular insights into the pathogenesis of GC-OHT. In addition, there are many clinical, morphological, and molecular similarities between GC-induced glaucoma and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), making animals models of GC-induced OHT and glaucoma attractive models in which to study specific aspects of POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl R Overby
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Abbot F Clark
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, U. North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth, TX, USA.
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