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Salisbury KR, Ranpariya VK, Feldman SR. Accountability in reminder-based adherence interventions: A review. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2022; 105:2645-2652. [PMID: 34953618 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interventions to elicit accountability capitalize on social behaviors to improve adherence but are distinct from reminders. However, little is known about the impact of accountability in reminder-based adherence interventions. Through a literature review, we aim to identify the frequency and effectiveness of accountability in reminder-based intervention studies. METHODS PubMed and PsycArticles were searched for reminder-based adherence studies. Articles were categorized as reminder-only or reminder with accountability studies. Studies were characterized by outcome measures, and differences between control and intervention groups were compared for studies that used electronic monitoring devices. RESULTS 165 studies met the inclusion criteria; 154 used reminders without accountability (93%). 79 of the 154 reminder-only studies (51%) improved adherence in intervention groups compared to controls. Eleven of the 165 studies (6.6%) included an accountability aspect. The intervention group had better adherence than controls in 10 out of the 11 reminder with accountability studies (91%). CONCLUSIONS Although distinct from reminders, accountability can be incorporated in reminder-based interventions. However, it is not commonly included in reminder-based interventions. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS It is important to consider accountability's effects on encouraging patient medication adherence. The addition of accountability interventions may further boost adherence, but few studies currently incorporate these types of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Salisbury
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA.
| | - Varun K Ranpariya
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Steven R Feldman
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA; Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA; Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Ahmad Fauzi NA, Ireland AJ, Sherriff M, Bandara HMHN, Su B. Nitrogen doped titanium dioxide as an aesthetic antimicrobial filler in dental polymers. Dent Mater 2021; 38:147-157. [PMID: 34836699 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an aesthetic resin composite using a nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (NTiO2) filler that possesses antimicrobial properties against cariogenic bacteria. METHODS N-TiO2 powder was manufactured by calcining commercial TiO2 with urea. Free radical release from the N-TiO2 powder under visible light irradiation was analysed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The N-TiO2 powder was incorporated into a dental resin and the photocatalytic activity assessed using a dye under both visible light and dark conditions. Using XTT assay to measure the cellular metabolic activity, the antibacterial properties of the N-TiO2 /resin composite discs were tested using Streptococcus mutans. RESULTS Doping nitrogen of TiO2 resulted in a band gap shift towards the visible light spectrum, which enabled the powder to release reactive oxygen species when exposed to visible light. When incorporated into a dental resin, the N-TiO2/resin composite still demonstrated sustained release of reactive oxygen species, maintaining its photocatalytic activity and showing an antibacterial effect towards Streptococcus mutans under visible light conditions. SIGNIFICANCE N-TiO2 filled resin composite shows great promise as a potential aesthetic resin based adhesive for orthodontic bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Ahmad Fauzi
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Child Dental Health, Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - A J Ireland
- Child Dental Health, Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - M Sherriff
- Child Dental Health, Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - H M H N Bandara
- Oral Microbiology, Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - B Su
- Biomaterials Engineering, Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom.
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Le QA, Eslick GD, Coulton KM, Akhter R, Lain S, Nassar N, Yaacoub A, Condous G, Leonardi M, Eberhard J, Nanan R. DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT OF PERIODONTAL TREATMENT STRATEGIES DURING PREGNANCY ON PERINATAL OUTCOMES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2021; 22:101666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2021.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Subedi K, Shrestha A, Bhagat T, Baral D. Effectiveness of oral health education intervention among 12-15-year-old school children in Dharan, Nepal: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:525. [PMID: 34649553 PMCID: PMC8515708 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background School-aged adolescents are in particular need of preventive program to ensure positive long-term oral health and hygiene. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an oral health education (OHE) intervention on oral hygiene knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP), plaque control and gingival health among 12–15 years old school children in Dharan sub-metropolitan city, Nepal. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted with parallel study groups, comprising 12–15-year-old school children, 120 in each group. OHE was given to the experimental group at baseline, third and sixth months and to the control group after completion of the study. Interview of the participants were done using a 23-item questionnaire for assessment of oral hygiene KAP. For each question, correct answer was scored as 1 and wrong answer was scored zero. An overall composite score was then created, by adding the individual scores. Oral examination was done using mouth mirror and WHO probe to record Turesky–Gilmore–Glickman modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index, Gingival index and Dentition status and treatment needs. Analysis was done using chi-square test for categorical data and independent t test, Mann–Whitney U test, repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s test for quantitative data. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results There was 54.58% improvement in overall oral hygiene KAP in experimental group (P = 0.001) whereas no improvement was seen in control group at the end of the study. The mean plaque score was improved by 57.67% (P = 0.001) in experimental group in comparison to 4.56% in control group. Gingival index was improved by 49.90% (P = 0.001) in experimental group in comparison to 0.7% in control group. Caries experience was increased in both groups but no significant difference was seen. Conclusions The study concluded that oral health education was effective in improving oral hygiene KAP, plaque control and gingival health. Trial registration The trial was retrospectively registered with Clinical Trial Registry India (CTRI) with identifier no. CTRI/2018/05/013985, registered on 05/21/2018. (http://www.ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pdf_generate.php?trialid=23651&EncHid=&modid=&compid=%27,%2723651det%27). Institutional Review Committee, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal provided the ethical approval (Ref. No.: 292/074/075-IRC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Subedi
- Dental Department, Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal.
| | - Ashish Shrestha
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, College of Dental Surgery, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Tarakant Bhagat
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, College of Dental Surgery, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Dharanidhar Baral
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
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Vlasova N, Samusenkov V, Novikova I, Nikolenko D, Nikolashvili N, Knyazeva M. Influence of Professional Teeth Whitening on Oral Hygiene: Long-term Results. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:408-413. [PMID: 34430502 PMCID: PMC8352057 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_71_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this article is to estimate the long-term influence of professional dental bleaching on quality of oral hygiene (year after procedure). Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled prospective clinical repeated study was carried out 6 months after the previous one, i.e., 1 year after the oral hygiene procedure, among 60 patients divided into two groups. In the first group, professional oral hygiene and bleaching using 25% hydrogen peroxide were performed. In the second group only, oral hygiene was performed. Dynamics of hygienic index of Quigley-Hein modified by S. Turesky was estimated. Results: In the first group, the average value of the hygienic index of Quigley-Hein modified by S. Turesky was significantly lower a year after procedure than before (1.33±0.09 and 2.34±0.14, respectively). In the second group, this index exceeded 2.45 and nearly returned to the initiated level (2.45±0.07 and 2.44±0.08, respectively). Patients underwent professional teeth whitening in the long-term period, and the level of oral hygiene was significantly higher than that in the control group. Conclusion: Professional dental bleaching has good long-term influence on the level of oral hygiene and serves as a significant motivation factor for maintaining health of oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vlasova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Samusenkov
- Prosthetic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Novikova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Denis Nikolenko
- Prosthetic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita Nikolashvili
- Prosthetic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Knyazeva
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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Abstract
Gingival recession is a common finding in daily clinical practice. Several issues may be associated with the apical shift of the gingival margin such as dentine hypersensitivity, root caries, non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs), and compromised aesthetics. The first step in an effective management and prevention program is to identify susceptibility factors and modifiable conditions associated with gingival recession. Non-surgical treatment options for gingival recession defects include establishment of optimal plaque control, removal of overhanging subgingival restorations, behaviour change interventions, and use of desensitising agents. In cases where a surgical approach is indicated, coronally advanced flap and tunnelling procedures combined with a connective tissue graft are considered the most predictable treatment options for single and multiple recession defects. If there is a contraindication for harvesting a connective tissue graft from the palate or the patient wants to avoid a donor site surgery, adjunctive use of acellular dermal matrices, collagen matrices, and/or enamel matrix derivatives can be a valuable treatment alternative. For gingival recession defects associated with NCCLs a combined restorative-surgical approach can provide favourable clinical outcomes. If a patient refuses a surgical intervention or there are other contraindications for an invasive approach, gingival conditions should be maintained with preventive measures. This paper gives a concise review on when and how to treat gingival recession defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Imber
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Kasaj
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Alrumyyan A, Quwayhis S, Meaigel S, Almedlej R, Alolaiq R, Bin Nafesah R, Almutairi M, Alzamil S. Oral Health-related Quality of Life and Oral Hygiene Practice of Adults with Fixed Dental Prostheses in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:62-68. [PMID: 32181222 PMCID: PMC7055344 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_347_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Missing teeth are routinely replaced with fixed dental prostheses (FDPs); thus, knowing the patient's oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) after placement of FDP and factors affecting their quality of life in addition to their oral hygiene practices is important. This study aimed to measure OHRQoL with FDPs and oral hygiene practices of adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods A survey was distributed in hard and soft copy forms. Target subjects were adults older than 18 years with FDP and living in Riyadh. The questionnaire contained four domains: demographic data, medical history, characteristics of the prostheses and oral hygiene practices, and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14 questionnaire, which measures OHRQoL. Results The study included 528 subjects. More than half of the participants (56.6%) had poor OHRQoL, which was associated with female gender, full-time employment, and low income. The presence of toothache, periodontal diseases, oral abscess, and broken teeth were all associated with poor OHRQoL. Participants with diabetes were also found to have poor OHRQoL. As for oral hygiene practices, 47% of subjects did not receive oral hygiene instructions after the placement of their FDP. It was also found that 53.4% of the study population brush only once daily. Conclusion Many factors can have an influence on OHRQoL. Both dentist and patient awareness regarding postoperative oral hygiene instructions should be increased to ensure the durability of the prosthodontic appliances and improve patients' OHRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Alrumyyan
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Dentistry, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad Quwayhis
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad Meaigel
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Almedlej
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Alolaiq
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Raneem Bin Nafesah
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Almutairi
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahd Alzamil
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Heydecke G, Mirzakhanian C, Behneke A, Behneke N, Fügl A, Zechner W, Baer RA, Nölken R, Gottesman E, Colic S, Ottria L, Pozzi A. A prospective multicenter evaluation of immediately functionalized tapered conical connection implants for single restorations in maxillary anterior and premolar sites: 3-year results. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1877-1885. [PMID: 30225678 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This multicenter prospective clinical trial investigated immediately provisionalized, anodized, conical connection, tapered implants with platform shifting in maxillary anterior and premolar sites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients requiring single-tooth implant-supported restorations in maxillary anterior and premolar sites were enrolled. Implants were immediately provisionalized and evaluated at insertion, 6 months, and annually thereafter. Outcome measures were marginal bone level change (ΔMBL), cumulative survival rate (CSR), and success rate, soft-tissue parameters, and oral health impact profile (OHIP). ΔMBL and Pink Esthetic Score were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. CSR was calculated using life table analysis. Other soft-tissue parameters were analyzed using sign tests. RESULTS Of 94 enrolled patients (99 implants), 84 (88 implants) attended the 3-year follow-up. After an initial bone loss between implant insertion and 6 months (- 0.92 ± 1.23 mm), bone levels stabilized from 6 months to 3 years (0.13 ± 0.94 mm) with no significant change. The 3-year CSR was 98.9%, and the cumulative success rate was 96.9%. Papilla index scores of 2 or 3 were observed at 88.6% of sites at the 3-year visit compared with 32.8% at implant insertion. Improvements were observed for all other outcomes, including bleeding on probing, esthetics, plaque, and OHIP. CONCLUSIONS This restorative protocol was associated with high primary stability, patient satisfaction, stable bone levels, and an overall improvement of the soft tissue outcomes over a 3-year period. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The presented treatment is a viable option for single-tooth restorations of maxillary anterior teeth and premolars with successful short- to mid-long-term clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Heydecke
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Alexandra Behneke
- University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Behneke
- University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Fügl
- School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Zechner
- School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Russell A Baer
- University Associates in Dentistry, Chicago, IL, 60601, USA
| | - Robert Nölken
- University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Private Practice, Lindau, Germany
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Dental plaque disclosure as an auxiliary method for infants’ oral hygiene. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2018; 19:139-145. [DOI: 10.1007/s40368-018-0340-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Which orthodontic appliance is best for oral hygiene? A randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018; 153:175-183. [PMID: 29407494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clear aligners and to a lesser extent self-ligated brackets are considered to facilitate better oral hygiene than traditional fixed orthodontic appliances. This 3-arm parallel-group prospective randomized clinical trial compared the long-term and short-term effects of clear aligners, self-ligated brackets, and conventional (elastomeric-ligated) brackets on patients' oral hygiene during active orthodontic treatment. METHODS Seventy-one participants (41 boys, 30 girls; mean age, 15.6 years) undergoing orthodontic treatment were randomly allocated through a computer-generated randomization schedule to one of the groups based on the choice of intervention: Clear Aligners (CLA) (Align Technology, San Jose, Calif) (n = 27), preadjusted edgewise fixed appliance with self-ligated brackets (SLB) (Carriere, Carlsbad, Calif (n = 22), or preadjusted edgewise fixed appliance with elastomeric ligated brackets (ELB) (Ortho Organizers Inc., Carlsbad, CA) (n = 22). For each participant, the primary outcome, plaque index (PI), and secondary outcomes, gingival Index (GI) and periodontal bleeding index (PBI), were measured at baseline (T0), after 9 months of treatment (T1), and after 18 months of treatment (T2). Blinding of the clinicians and the patients to the intervention was impossible. It was only done for outcome assessment and for the statistician. Ten participants did not receive the allocated intervention for various reasons. RESULTS The means and standard deviations of PI at T0 (CLA, 0.50 ± 0.51; SLB, 0.65 ± 0.49; ELB, 0.70 ± 0.73), T1 (CLA, 0.83 ± 0.48; SLB, 1.38 ± 0.72; ELB, 1.32 ± 0.67), and T2 (CLA, 0.92 ± 0.58; SLB, 1.07 ± 0.59; ELB, 1.32 ± 0.67) were similar. The odds ratio (OR) for plaque index (0 or ≥1) comparing SLB or CLA to ELB was not significant. OR for SLB vs ELB = 1.54 at T0 (95% CI, 0.39-6.27), 0.88 at T1 (95% CI, 0.03-24.69), and 0.83 at T2 (95% CI, 0.02-27.70); OR for CLA vs ELB = 1.07 at T0 (95% CI, 0.30-3.88), 0.24 at T1 (95% CI, 0.01-1.98), and 0.17 at T2 (95% CI, 0.01-1.71). However, the odds ratios comparing CLA with ELB for GI (OR = 0.14; P = 0.015) and PBI (OR = 0.10; P = 0.012) were statistically significant at T1. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective randomized clinical trial, we found no evidence of differences in oral hygiene levels among clear aligners, self-ligated brackets, and conventional elastomeric ligated brackets after 18 months of active orthodontic treatment. REGISTRATION The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02745626). PROTOCOL The protocol was not published before trial commencement.
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Mei L, Chieng J, Wong C, Benic G, Farella M. Factors affecting dental biofilm in patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Prog Orthod 2017. [PMID: 28133715 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-016-0158-5-] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to investigate the amount and the distribution of biofilm in patients wearing fixed appliances and its relation with age, gender, frequency of tooth brushing, and patient motivation. METHODS The sample comprised 52 patients (15.5 ± 3.6 years old, 30 females and 22 males) wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Dental biofilm was assessed using a modified plaque index (PI). A questionnaire was used to collect patient's information, including gender, age, treatment motivation, and frequency of tooth brushing. RESULTS Gingival (PI score = 0.9 ± 0.7), mesial (0.8 ± 0.6), and distal (0.8 ± 0.5) areas accumulated more biofilm than occlusal areas (0.3 ± 0.3) (P < 0.038). The maxillary lateral incisors (1.1 ± 0.8) and maxillary canines (1.0 ± 0.8) had more biofilm than other teeth (P < 0.05). The maxillary arch (0.8 ± 0.7) had significantly more biofilm than mandibular arch (0.6 ± 0.6) (P = 0.042). No significant difference was found between the right side (0.7 ± 0.7) and left side (0.7 ± 0.6) (P = 0.627). Less biofilm was found in females (0.6 ± 0.5), adults (0.3 ± 0.3), and "self-motivated" patients (0.3 ± 0.3), compared with males (0.9 ± 0.5), children (0.8 ± 0.6), and "family-motivated" patients (1.1 ± 0.5) (P < 0.001). The amount of biofilm was associated with self-report of the frequency of daily tooth brushing (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances have the highest biofilm accumulation on the maxillary lateral incisors and maxillary canines, particularly in the gingival area and areas behind arch wires. Less biofilm was observed in female and adult patients and in those who were self-motivated and brushed their teeth more often.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mei
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Joyce Chieng
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Connie Wong
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gareth Benic
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mauro Farella
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Mei L, Chieng J, Wong C, Benic G, Farella M. Factors affecting dental biofilm in patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Prog Orthod 2017; 18:4. [PMID: 28133715 PMCID: PMC5276803 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-016-0158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to investigate the amount and the distribution of biofilm in patients wearing fixed appliances and its relation with age, gender, frequency of tooth brushing, and patient motivation. METHODS The sample comprised 52 patients (15.5 ± 3.6 years old, 30 females and 22 males) wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Dental biofilm was assessed using a modified plaque index (PI). A questionnaire was used to collect patient's information, including gender, age, treatment motivation, and frequency of tooth brushing. RESULTS Gingival (PI score = 0.9 ± 0.7), mesial (0.8 ± 0.6), and distal (0.8 ± 0.5) areas accumulated more biofilm than occlusal areas (0.3 ± 0.3) (P < 0.038). The maxillary lateral incisors (1.1 ± 0.8) and maxillary canines (1.0 ± 0.8) had more biofilm than other teeth (P < 0.05). The maxillary arch (0.8 ± 0.7) had significantly more biofilm than mandibular arch (0.6 ± 0.6) (P = 0.042). No significant difference was found between the right side (0.7 ± 0.7) and left side (0.7 ± 0.6) (P = 0.627). Less biofilm was found in females (0.6 ± 0.5), adults (0.3 ± 0.3), and "self-motivated" patients (0.3 ± 0.3), compared with males (0.9 ± 0.5), children (0.8 ± 0.6), and "family-motivated" patients (1.1 ± 0.5) (P < 0.001). The amount of biofilm was associated with self-report of the frequency of daily tooth brushing (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances have the highest biofilm accumulation on the maxillary lateral incisors and maxillary canines, particularly in the gingival area and areas behind arch wires. Less biofilm was observed in female and adult patients and in those who were self-motivated and brushed their teeth more often.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mei
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Joyce Chieng
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Connie Wong
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gareth Benic
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mauro Farella
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Martin BJ, Campbell PM, Rees TD, Buschang PH. A randomized controlled trial evaluating antioxidant-essential oil gel as a treatment for gingivitis in orthodontic patients. Angle Orthod 2016; 86:407-412. [PMID: 26280662 PMCID: PMC8601740 DOI: 10.2319/041515-251.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the treatment effect of an antioxidant-essential oil gel on orthodontic patients with generalized gingivitis. The gel contains the essential oils menthol and thymol and the antioxidants ferulic acid and phloretin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients from the university's orthodontic clinic were screened for gingivitis and randomly allocated into treatment and placebo-control groups. Each patient was evaluated at three orthodontic treatment visits (T1, T2, and T3). A periodontal examination, including probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) was performed at each visit. Between T1 and T2, patients were instructed to apply a topical gel (active or placebo) to their gingiva twice daily after brushing. From T2 to T3, patients were instructed to discontinue use of the gel. RESULTS The treatment group showed statistically significant (P < .05) reductions of BOP (-13.6 percentage points) and GI (-0.14) between T1 and T2, and significant increases in BOP (13.3 percentage points) and GI (0.14) between T2 and T3. Except for an increase in the GI between T2 and T3, the control group showed no significant changes in BOP or GI over time. The only other significant changes that occurred pertained to the treatment group, which showed significant increases in PD (0.08 mm) and PI (0.18) between T2 and T3. CONCLUSION Application of a topical antioxidant-essential oil gel is an effective means of reducing inflammation in orthodontic patients with gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phillip M. Campbell
- Chairman, Associate Professor, Orthodontic Department, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex
| | - Terry D. Rees
- Professor, Department of Periodontics, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex
| | - Peter H. Buschang
- Regents Professor and Director of Orthodontic Research, Orthodontic Department, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex
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Oberoi SS, Mohanty V, Mahajan A, Oberoi A. Evaluating awareness regarding oral hygiene practices and exploring gender differences among patients attending for oral prophylaxis. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2014; 18:369-74. [PMID: 25024553 PMCID: PMC4095632 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.134580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral hygiene is intimated in health of all parts of the body including oral cavity. The understanding of actual practices in keeping the oral heath at standard based on patient's perceptions of oral health care is vital. Understanding the effect of gender on oral health would facilitate the development of successful attitude and behavior modification approach towards sustainable oral health. PURPOSE OF STUDY To evaluate awareness regarding oral hygiene practices and exploring gender differences among patients attending for oral prophylaxis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A survey was conducted among 250 patients attending the department of periodontology, Maulana Azad institute of dental sciences for oral prophylaxis. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information regarding practices and perception about oral hygiene. RESULTS Majority of the patients (60.4%) felt that oral hygiene is mandatory for overall health of the body. The use of toothpaste and toothbrush (83.6%) was the most preferred cleaning aid among the study population in the present study. The major constraint for avoiding dental examination was no felt need (41.2%) followed by cost of dental treatment (26.8%) and time constraints (24.0%). CONCLUSIONS Professional plaque removal and regular follow-up combined with oral hygiene instructions to the patients can minimize the level of gingival inflammation and swelling. The poor resources for dental care, common malpractices and nonavailability of professional care are the main barriers in seeking optimum oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhvinder Singh Oberoi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Pt. B. D. Sharma Rohtak University, Kherimor, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Vikrant Mohanty
- Department of Public Health Dentistry,Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ananya Mahajan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry,Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Avneet Oberoi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Oberoi Dental Clinic and Orthodontic Centre, Tagore Garden, New Delhi, India
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Peng Y, Wu R, Qu W, Wu W, Chen J, Fang J, Chen Y, Farella M, Mei L. Effect of visual method vs plaque disclosure in enhancing oral hygiene in adolescents and young adults: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 145:280-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Azodo CC, Ehizele AO, Umoh A, Ojehanon PI, Akhionbare O, Okechukwu R, Igbinosa L. Tooth brushing, tongue cleaning and snacking behaviour of dental technology and therapist students. Libyan J Med 2010; 5. [PMID: 21483575 PMCID: PMC3066761 DOI: 10.3402/ljm.v5i0.5208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the tooth brushing, tongue cleaning and snacking behaviour of dental technology and therapist students. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study of students of Federal School of Dental Therapy and Technology Enugu, Nigeria. Self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on demography, frequency, duration and technique of tooth brushing and tongue cleaning as well as information on consumption of snacks. Results A total of 242 students responded. Dental technology students made up 52.5% of the respondents and dental therapist in training made up 47.5%. Majority (63.2%) of the respondents considered the strength of tooth brush when purchasing a tooth brush and 78.9% use tooth brushes with medium strength. Seven-tenth (71.9%) of the respondents brush their teeth twice daily and 52.1% brush for 3–5 minutes. About one-third (30.2%) brush their teeth in front of a mirror. Chewing stick was used by 51.7% of respondents in addition to the use of tooth brush. Tongue cleaning was done by 94.2% with only 9.5% using a tongue cleaner. Only 20.2% reported regular snacks consumption. Nine-tenth (90.4%) of respondents were previously involved in educating others, apart from their colleagues, on tooth brushing. Conclusion This survey revealed that most of the dental therapy and technology students had satisfactory tooth-brushing behaviour. The zeal to educate others about proper tooth brushing revealed in this study suggests that the students may be helpful in oral health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement C Azodo
- Department of Periodontics, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Nigeria
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Motivation and anxiety for dental treatment: Testing a self-determination theory model of oral self-care behaviour and dental clinic attendance. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-010-9154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Cortelli SC, Cortelli JR, Aquino DR, Costa FO. Self-performed supragingival biofilm control: qualitative analysis, scientific basis and oral-health implications. Braz Oral Res 2010; 24 Suppl 1:43-54. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242010000500008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Saito A, Kikuchi M, Ueshima F, Matsumoto S, Hayakawa H, Masuda H, Makiishi T. Assessment of oral self-care in patients with periodontitis: a pilot study in a dental school clinic in Japan. BMC Oral Health 2009; 9:27. [PMID: 19874626 PMCID: PMC2774664 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-9-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral hygiene education is central to every stage of periodontal treatment. Successful management of periodontal disease depends on the patient's capacity for oral self-care. In the present study, the oral self-care and perceptions of patients attending a dental school clinic in Japan were assessed using a short questionnaire referring to existing oral health models. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used. The study population consisted of sixty-five patients (age range 23-77) with chronic periodontitis. The pre-tested 19-item questionnaire comprised 3 domains; 1) oral hygiene, 2) dietary habits and 3) perception of oral condition. The questionnaire was used as a part of the comprehensive assessment. Results Analyses of the assessment data revealed no major problems with the respondents' perceived oral hygiene habits, although their actual plaque control levels were not entirely adequate. Most of the respondents acknowledged the importance of prevention of dental caries and periodontal diseases, but less than one third of them were regular users of the dental care system. Twenty-five percent of the respondents were considered to be reluctant to change their daily routines, and 29% had doubts about the impact of their own actions on oral health. Analyzing the relationships between patient responses and oral hygiene status, factors like 'frequency of tooth brushing', 'approximal cleaning', 'dental check-up' and 'compliance with self-care advice' showed statistically significant associations (P < 0.05) with the plaque scores. Conclusion The clinical utilization of the present questionnaire facilitates the inclusion of multiple aspects of patient information, before initiation of periodontal treatment. The significant associations that were found between some of the self-care behaviors and oral hygiene levels document the important role of patient-centered oral health assessment in periodontal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Saito
- Department of Clinical Oral Health Science, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan.
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Jönsson B, Lindberg P, Oscarson N, Ohrn K. Improved compliance and self-care in patients with periodontitis - a randomized control trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2006; 4:77-83. [PMID: 16637909 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2006.00175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The present study was a randomized control trial to test an intervention emanating from the Client Self-care Commitment Model (CSCCM), to encourage patients to increase their responsibility for their oral self-care. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 75 individuals were re-examined 1-2 years after their initial therapy at the Department of Periodontology, Uppsala County Council, Sweden. Patients who exhibited insufficient compliance, 37 individuals, were included in a randomized single-blind control trial to test an intervention based on the CSCCM. Patients were examined at baseline and 3 months after hygiene treatment. RESULTS The results demonstrated that patients in the intervention (IV) group increased their interdental cleaning and reduced their plaque index significantly compared with the control group. The former also reduced the number of periodontal pockets >4 mm significantly from baseline until after the hygiene treatment. The majority of the individuals in the IV group reported that the written commitment had influenced on their oral self-care habits in a positive direction. CONCLUSIONS The CSCCM enhanced the client participation in the treatment process and improved the compliance and oral self-care behaviours. In addition, the model contributed to a reduction in periodontal pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jönsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Services, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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