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Barros RDS, Queiroz LAD, de Assis JB, Pantoja KC, Bustia SX, de Sousa ESA, Rodrigues SF, Akamine EH, Sá-Nunes A, Martins JO. Effects of low-dose rapamycin on lymphoid organs of mice prone and resistant to accelerated senescence. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1310505. [PMID: 38515742 PMCID: PMC10954823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1310505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex, natural, and irreversible phenomenon that subjects the body to numerous changes in the physiological process, characterized by a gradual decline in the organism's homeostatic mechanisms, closely related to immunosenescence. Here, we evaluated the regulation of immunosenescence in lymphoid organs of senescence-accelerated prone 8 (SAM-P8) and senescence-accelerated resistant 1 (SAM-R1) mice treated with a low dose of rapamycin (RAPA). Mice were treated with a dose of 7.1 µg/kg RAPA for 2 months and had body mass and hematological parameters analyzed prior and during treatment. Cellular and humoral parameters of serum, bone marrow, thymus, and spleen samples were evaluated by ELISA, histology, and flow cytometry. Changes in body mass, hematological parameters, cell number, and in the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-7, and IL-15 cytokines were different between the 2 models used. In histological analyses, we observed that SAM-P8 mice showed faster thymic involution than SAM-R1 mice. Regarding the T lymphocyte subpopulations in the spleen, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers were higher and lower, respectively, in SAM-P8 mice treated with RAPA, with the opposite observed in SAM-R1. Additionally, we found that the low dose of RAPA used did not trigger changes that could compromise the immune response of these mice and the administered dose may have contributed to changes in important lymphocyte populations in the adaptive immune response and the secretion of cytokines that directly collaborate with the maturation and proliferation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael dos Santos Barros
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Adriano Damasceno Queiroz
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josiane Betim de Assis
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Costa Pantoja
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sofia Xavier Bustia
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emanuella Sarmento Alho de Sousa
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephen Fernandes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Vascular Nanopharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Hiromi Akamine
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Sá-Nunes
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joilson O. Martins
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Deering J, Mahmoud D, Rier E, Lin Y, do Nascimento Pereira AC, Titotto S, Fang Q, Wohl GR, Deng F, Grandfield K, Elbestawi MA, Chen J. Osseointegration of functionally graded Ti6Al4V porous implants: Histology of the pore network. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 155:213697. [PMID: 37979439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The additive manufacturing of titanium into porous geometries offers a means to generate low-stiffness endosseous implants with a greater surface area available for osseointegration. In this work, selective laser melting was used to produce gyroid-based scaffolds with a uniform pore size of 300 μm or functionally graded pore size from 600 μm to 300 μm. Initial in vitro assessment with Saos-2 cells showed favourable cell proliferation at pore sizes of 300 and 600 μm. Following implantation into rabbit tibiae, early histological observations at four weeks indicated some residual inflammation alongside neovessel infiltration into the scaffold interior and some early apposition of mineralized bone tissue. At twelve weeks, both scaffolds were filled with a mixture of adipocyte-rich marrow, micro-capillaries, and mineralized bone tissue. X-ray microcomputed tomography showed a higher bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and percentage of bone-implant contact (BIC) in the implants with 300 μm pores than in the functionally graded specimens. In functionally graded specimens, localized BV/TV measurement was observed to be higher in the innermost region containing smaller pores (estimated at 300-400 μm) than in larger pores at the implant exterior. The unit cell topology of the porous implant was also observed to guide the direction of bone ingrowth by conducting along the implant struts. These results suggest that in vivo experimentation is necessary alongside parametric optimization of functionally graded porous implants to predict short-term and long-term bone apposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Deering
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dalia Mahmoud
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Production Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Elyse Rier
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yujing Lin
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anna Cecilia do Nascimento Pereira
- Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil; 4D Printing and Biomimetics' (4DB) Research Group, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Silvia Titotto
- Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil; 4D Printing and Biomimetics' (4DB) Research Group, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Qiyin Fang
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory R Wohl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Feilong Deng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Mohamed A Elbestawi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Jianyu Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Gerashchenko BI, Sarnatskaya VV, Bardakhivska KI, Sydorenko OS, Kolesnik DL, Klymchuk DO. Myeloprotection with activated carbon in doxorubicin-treated rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18414. [PMID: 37539240 PMCID: PMC10393748 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy can often cause a variety of side effects including bone marrow (BM) suppression, termed as myelosuppression. Accordingly, facile and effective management of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression is currently a pivotal task for experimental pathologists and oncologists. Here, we chose to use activated carbon (AC) with an extensive surface area for studying its possible protective effectiveness with respect to BM in doxorubicin (DOX)-treated rats. Spherical AC with an extended surface area up to 4490 m2/g was prepared for per os (p/o) delivery, whereas for intraperitoneal (i/p) delivery we used the powdered form of AC that was derived from the aforementioned spherical AC. During the monthly treatment of animals with AC and DOX these two components were delivered alternately (not in the same day). After treatment, BM cells were isolated from femurs of sacrificed animals, stained with acridine orange (AO) and analyzed by flow cytometry. Regardless of the route of AC delivery (p/o or i/p), apparent myeloprotection with a possible regenerative effect was observed in animals that received DOX, as evidenced by recovery of the populations of total nucleated cells (TNC) and polychromatic (immature) erythrocytes accompanied by a considerable reduction of the number of apoptotic/dead cells among TNC (≤2.0%). Moreover, as a result of AC administrations, there was a significant increase of AO green and far-red fluorescence intensities in the population of TNC, which is suggestive of the ongoing quantitative and conformational changes in DNA and RNA associated with cell recovery and proliferation. Thus, AC preparations under the present experimental conditions can effectively tackle DOX-induced myelosuppression via mechanisms not necessarily associated with adsorptive detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan I. Gerashchenko
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vasylkivska Str. 45, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
| | - Veronika V. Sarnatskaya
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vasylkivska Str. 45, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
| | - Kvitoslava I. Bardakhivska
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vasylkivska Str. 45, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
| | - Oleksii S. Sydorenko
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vasylkivska Str. 45, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
| | - Denis L. Kolesnik
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vasylkivska Str. 45, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro O. Klymchuk
- M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereshchenkivska Str. 2, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
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Silva LP, Yamamoto PA, Machado MCDA, Neves FMF, Azeredo FJ, Dos Santos Silva ACS, Hlavac N, de Melo Soares D, Godoy ALPC, Estrela-Lima A. A pilot study of chemotherapy combinations in rats: Focus on mammary cancer treatment in female dogs. Res Vet Sci 2023; 156:14-21. [PMID: 36738520 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of combined chemotherapy is an essential alternative in treating breast cancer. However, knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of drugs is necessary to obtain maximum efficiency of the protocol and reduce adverse reactions. This study suggests for the first time the effect of the association of carboplatin with ivermectin and carboplatin with cyclophosphamide. This investigation was performed with 36 healthy Wistar rats, divided into four groups: group control, carboplatin (C), carboplatin preceded by ivermectin (C + IV), and carboplatin associated with cyclophosphamide (C + CI). Plasma concentrations quantification was performed using the High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) equipment with an Ultraviolet (UV) detector at eight different time points. Then, the animal was euthanized and necropsied. The bioanalytical method was validated for the two matrices (dogs and rats' plasma), with full validation in female dogs and partial validation in rats, as recommended by the EMA. In both matrices, the method was linear and reproducible. Here, we show the results in female rats' plasma. When comparing the experimental rats' groups (C; C + IV, and C + CI), there is a tendency to increase the bioavailability of carboplatin when used in association, a slight increase for C + IV and more evident to the C + CI group with an AUC rise higher than 2-fold (AUC0-∞ = 2983.61 for C; 4459.06 for C + CI; 7064.68 for C + CI min·mg·mL-1). The blood count, biochemistry profile, and histopathology of the organs revealed only alterations inherent to the metabolic effects of the drugs used. The carboplatin association with ivermectin appeared safe for this pilot group. We believe the carboplatin dose can be maintained without risk to the patient. However, in the carboplatin association with cyclophosphamide, a slight reduction in carboplatin's amount is suggested, seeking to avoid increased effects due to cyclophosphamide. Thus, studies with a more significant number per group must confirm the relevance of this pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Pereira Silva
- Graduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Research Center on Mammary Oncology NPqOM/HOSPMEV, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Priscila Akemi Yamamoto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marilia Carneiro de Araújo Machado
- Research Center on Mammary Oncology NPqOM/HOSPMEV, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Faculty of Agricultural and Health Sciences, UNIFAS University Center, Metropolitan Union for the Development of Education and Culture (UNIME), Lauro de Freitas, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Francine Johansson Azeredo
- Pharmacy Graduate Program, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, United States of America
| | | | - Nicole Hlavac
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Denis de Melo Soares
- Pharmacy Graduate Program, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana Leonor Pardo Campos Godoy
- Pharmacy Graduate Program, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Estrela-Lima
- Graduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Research Center on Mammary Oncology NPqOM/HOSPMEV, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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5
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Bau-Gaudreault L, Arndt T, Provencher A, Brayton CF. Research-Relevant Clinical Pathology Resources: Emphasis on Mice, Rats, Rabbits, Dogs, Minipigs, and Non-Human Primates. ILAR J 2021; 62:203-222. [PMID: 34877602 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical pathology testing for investigative or biomedical research and for preclinical toxicity and safety assessment in laboratory animals is a distinct specialty requiring an understanding of species specific and other influential variables on results and interpretation. This review of clinical pathology principles and testing recommendations in laboratory animal species aims to provide a useful resource for researchers, veterinary specialists, toxicologists, and clinical or anatomic pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Bau-Gaudreault
- Clinical Laboratories, Charles River Laboratories - ULC, Senneville, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tara Arndt
- Labcorp Drug Development, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Anne Provencher
- Clinical Laboratories, Charles River Laboratories - ULC, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cory F Brayton
- Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, John Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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6
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Queiroz LAD, Assis JB, Guimarães JPT, Sousa ESA, Milhomem AC, Sunahara KKS, Sá-Nunes A, Martins JO. Endangered Lymphocytes: The Effects of Alloxan and Streptozotocin on Immune Cells in Type 1 Induced Diabetes. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:9940009. [PMID: 34712101 PMCID: PMC8548114 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9940009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alloxan (ALX) and streptozotocin (STZ) are extensively used to induce type 1 diabetes (T1D) in animal models. This study is aimed at evaluating the differences in immune parameters caused by ALX and STZ. T1D was induced either with ALX or with STZ, and the animals were followed for up to 180 days. Both ALX and STZ induced a decrease in the total number of circulating leukocytes and lymphocytes, with an increase in granulocytes when compared to control mice (CT). STZ-treated mice also exhibited an increase in neutrophils and a reduction in the lymphocyte percentage in the bone marrow. In addition, while the STZ-treated group showed a decrease in total CD3+, CD4-CD8+, and CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes in the thymus and CD19+ B lymphocytes in the pancreas and spleen, the ALX group showed an increase in CD4-CD8+ and CD19+ only in the thymus. Basal levels of splenic interleukin- (IL-) 1β and pancreatic IL-6 in the STZ group were decreased. Both diabetic groups showed atrophy of the thymic medulla and degeneration of pancreatic islets of Langerhans composed of inflammatory infiltration and hyperemia with vasodilation. ALX-treated mice showed a decrease in reticuloendothelial cells, enhanced lymphocyte/thymocyte cell death, and increased number of Hassall's corpuscles. Reduced in vitro activation of splenic lymphocytes was found in the STZ-treated group. Furthermore, mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) showed a more intense antigen-specific paw edema response in the STZ-treated group, while production of anti-OVA IgG1 antibodies was similar in both groups. Thereby, important changes in immune cell parameters in vivo and in vitro were found at an early stage of T1D in the STZ-treated group, whereas alterations in the ALX-treated group were mostly found in the chronic phase of T1D, including increased mortality rates. These findings suggest that the effects of ALX and STZ influenced, at different times, lymphoid organs and their cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz A. D. Queiroz
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Josiane B. Assis
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João P. T. Guimarães
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuella S. A. Sousa
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anália C. Milhomem
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Karen K. S. Sunahara
- Experimental Physiopathology, Department of Sciences/Experimental Physiopathology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Sá-Nunes
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Joilson O. Martins
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Suljević D, Hamzić A, Islamagić E, Fejzić E, Alijagić A. Haematopoietic thrombocyte precursors in rat femoral and sternal bone marrow. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2019-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This research presents the first findings on thrombopoiesis for Wistar rats. Haemopoietic cells from the femur and the sternum were analysed by light microscopy in combination with infrared and near-ultraviolet light for fine cytoplasmic structure analysis. Five main types of thrombocyte precursor cells were identified in the bone marrow samples: megakaryoblast, promegakaryocyte and megakaryocyte (basophilic, acidophilic and thrombocytogenic). More intensive thrombopoiesis and morphologically differentiated cells were found in sternum samples.
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8
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Hashem MA, Shoeeb SB, Abd-Elhakim YM, Mohamed WA. The antitumor activity of Arthrospira platensis and/or cisplatin in a murine model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma with hematinic and hepato-renal protective action. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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9
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El-Wakf AM, Abdrabouh AE, Elgarieb AM. Effectiveness of steamed and cooked broccoli to attenuate bone marrow injury and suppressed haemopoiesis in male rats exposed to petrol vapours. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00207233.2018.1502956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azza M. El-Wakf
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abeer E. Abdrabouh
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Azza M. Elgarieb
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Kozlowski C, Fullerton A, Cain G, Katavolos P, Bravo J, Tarrant JM. Proof of Concept for an Automated Image Analysis Method to Quantify Rat Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Lineages on H&E Sections. Toxicol Pathol 2018; 46:336-347. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623318766458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow is an important site for assessment of the hematopoietic toxicity of new drug candidates. Here, we extended our previous work, where we developed a computer algorithm to automatically quantitate overall bone marrow cell density by analyzing digitized images of standard hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides of rat bone marrow and further evaluated the capability to quantify myeloid: erythroid + lymphoid (M:EL) ratio and megakaryocyte cell density. We tested the algorithm in a toxicity study, where rats were dosed with two molecules known to affect bone marrow composition, monomethyl auristatin E, and a Bcl-xL inhibitor. The image analysis method detected significant changes in M:EL and megakaryocyte number that were either not found or semiquantitatively described by manual microscopic observation of the same slides. The image analysis results were consistent with other more established but time-consuming methods that measure changes in bone marrow cell composition: smear cytology, flow cytometry, and microscopic assessment. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of a rapid and more quantitative assessment of changes in bone marrow cell lineage composition using a computer algorithm compared to microscopic examination of H&E-stained bone marrow sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleopatra Kozlowski
- Safety Assessment, Development Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Aaron Fullerton
- Safety Assessment, Development Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gary Cain
- Safety Assessment, Development Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paula Katavolos
- Safety Assessment, Development Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joseph Bravo
- Safety Assessment, Development Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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11
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Usynin IF, Dudarev AN, Gorodetskaya AY, Miroshnichenko SM, Tkachenko TA, Tkachenko VI. Apolipoprotein A-I Stimulates Cell Proliferation in Bone Marrow Cell Culture. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 164:308-311. [PMID: 29313227 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-3978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Culturing of bone marrow cells in serum-free RPMI-1640 medium led to a decrease in the rate of DNA biosynthesis. Addition of HDL or their main protein component apolipoprotein A-I to the culture medium dose-dependently increased the rate of [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA. The maximum stimulation was achieved at HDL concentration of 80 μg/ml and apolipoprotein A-I concentration of 20 μg/ml. To identify the target-cells of apolipoprotein A-I, we used thymidine analogue 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) that incorporates into cell DNA at the stage of replicative DNA synthesis (S phase) and can be detected by fluorescence microscopy. In bone marrow cell culture, apolipoprotein A-I stimulates the proliferation of monocyte (monoblasts, promonocytes) and granulocyte (myeloblasts, promyelocytes) progenitor cells, as well as bone marrow stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Usynin
- Research Institute of Biochemistry, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - A N Dudarev
- Research Institute of Biochemistry, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | - V I Tkachenko
- Research Institute of Biochemistry, Novosibirsk, Russia
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12
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Riedel RM, de Matos R, Schaefer DMW. Bone marrow cell composition and morphology in healthy juvenile female New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:910-918. [PMID: 28738004 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.8.910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide contemporary preliminary guidelines for the morphological evaluation of bone marrow in conjunction with CBC results for healthy juvenile (3- to 6-month-old) female New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). ANIMALS 22 female New Zealand White rabbits. PROCEDURES Each rabbit was sedated, and a blood sample (3 mL) was collected from an ear artery for a CBC, after which the rabbit was euthanized. Within 5 minutes after euthanasia, bone marrow samples were obtained from the femur for cytologic and histologic evaluation. Bone marrow specimens for cytologic evaluation were stained with modified Wright stain, and those for histologic evaluation were stained with either H&E or Prussian blue stain. RESULTS The CBC results were within published reference ranges for all rabbits except 4, each of which had mild leukopenia. Cytologic assessment of bone marrow revealed a median myeloid-to-erythroid ratio of 0.7 and 2.8 megakaryocytes/low-power field (magnification, 100X), and the median percentages of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages were 11.5%, 0.1%, and 0%, respectively. The myeloid-to-erythroid ratio was not significantly correlated with any CBC variable. On histologic evaluation of bone marrow, the cellularity ranged from 30% to 50%, there were 2.1 to 7.7 megakaryocytes/hpf (magnification, 400X), and no iron stores were visible in H&E or Prussian blue-stained specimens. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of the present study provided contemporary preliminary guidelines for the evaluation of bone marrow in healthy laboratory rabbits.
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Salem SI, El-Baky AAA, Mohammed FF. Cytoprotective Effect of Silymarin on Cisplatin Induced Hepatotoxicity and Bone Marrow Toxicity in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ajas.2017.140.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Pernecker I, Bauer NB, Johannes S, Ginder M, Harleman JH, Moritz A. Comparison of the Sysmex XT-2000iV with microscopic differential counts of canine bone marrow. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:148-153. [PMID: 28176612 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717692011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine bone marrow is frequently assessed in the advanced preclinical research environment. Automated analysis provides time savings and objectivity over the gold standard of microscopic (cytologic) evaluation. We compared the analysis of 90 canine bone marrow samples by the Sysmex XT-2000iV hematology analyzer (Sysmex Corp., Kobe, Japan) with cytologic evaluation. Gates for cell populations were created in the system's WBC/BASO channel. Variables "total nucleated red blood cells" (total_NRBC), "poly- and orthochromatic nucleated red blood cells" (poly_orth_NRBC), "total neutrophils" (total_NEUT), "mature neutrophils" (mature_NEUT), and myeloid-to-erythroid (M:E) ratio were compared with cytologic evaluation. Intra-assay repeatability and total error (TE) were calculated for both methods. Intra-assay repeatability was 0.95-2.48% for the XT-2000iV and 8.32-23.23% for cytology. Observed TE for the automated measurement was 5.16-46.8% and for cytology 22.70-76.74%. Spearman rank correlation was excellent for M:E ratio (0.91) and fair for the other populations (0.65-0.71). Absolute bias for M:E ratio was low (-0.114). A negative absolute bias of -7.71% for the XT-2000iV was found for poly_orth_NRBC, whereas the bias was positive for total_NEUT (7.10%) and mature_NEUT (14.67%). M:E ratio of canine bone marrow samples can be precisely determined using the Sysmex XT-2000iV WBC/BASO channel. Total_NRBC, poly_orth_NRBC, total_NEUT, and mature_NEUT can be estimated rapidly. With distinctly lower coefficient of variation and observed TE compared with cytology, automated measurement provides advantages in terms of standardization, and it is suited to the advanced preclinical research environment where large numbers of samples are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Pernecker
- Merck KGaA, Global Non-Clinical Safety, Global Early Development, Darmstadt, Germany (Pernecker, Johannes).,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany (Bauer, Moritz).,IDEXX BioResearch Europe, A Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Ginder).,Global Preclinical Development & Management, Fresenius-Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany (Harleman)
| | - Natali B Bauer
- Merck KGaA, Global Non-Clinical Safety, Global Early Development, Darmstadt, Germany (Pernecker, Johannes).,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany (Bauer, Moritz).,IDEXX BioResearch Europe, A Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Ginder).,Global Preclinical Development & Management, Fresenius-Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany (Harleman)
| | - Sigrid Johannes
- Merck KGaA, Global Non-Clinical Safety, Global Early Development, Darmstadt, Germany (Pernecker, Johannes).,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany (Bauer, Moritz).,IDEXX BioResearch Europe, A Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Ginder).,Global Preclinical Development & Management, Fresenius-Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany (Harleman)
| | - Melanie Ginder
- Merck KGaA, Global Non-Clinical Safety, Global Early Development, Darmstadt, Germany (Pernecker, Johannes).,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany (Bauer, Moritz).,IDEXX BioResearch Europe, A Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Ginder).,Global Preclinical Development & Management, Fresenius-Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany (Harleman)
| | - Johannes H Harleman
- Merck KGaA, Global Non-Clinical Safety, Global Early Development, Darmstadt, Germany (Pernecker, Johannes).,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany (Bauer, Moritz).,IDEXX BioResearch Europe, A Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Ginder).,Global Preclinical Development & Management, Fresenius-Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany (Harleman)
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Merck KGaA, Global Non-Clinical Safety, Global Early Development, Darmstadt, Germany (Pernecker, Johannes).,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany (Bauer, Moritz).,IDEXX BioResearch Europe, A Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Ginder).,Global Preclinical Development & Management, Fresenius-Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany (Harleman)
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15
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Ramasahayam S, Jaligama S, Atwa SM, Salley JT, Thongdy M, Blaylock BL, Meyer SA. Megakaryocyte expansion and macrophage infiltration in bone marrow of rats subchronically treated with MNX, N-nitroso environmental degradation product of munitions compound RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine). J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:913-921. [PMID: 28138994 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX), environmental degradation product of munitions hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), causes seizures in rats with acute oral exposure like parent RDX. Our previous studies have additionally reported hematotoxicity with acute MNX exposure manifested as myelosuppression, anemia and splenic hemosiderosis. This study explored whether MNX administered subchronically continued to target bone marrow to elicit peripheral blood cytopenia. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged daily for 4 or 6 weeks with 47 mg kg-1 day-1 MNX (¼ LD50 ) or vehicle (5% dimethyl sulfoxide in corn oil) and hematological and clinical chemistry parameters, spleen weights, spleen and bone marrow histopathology and immunohistochemistry with ED1 anti-CD68 macrophage marker were evaluated 24 h after the last dose. Unexpectedly, no decrease in blood erythroid parameters was seen with subchronic MNX and convulsions and tremors ceased after 2 weeks of treatment. Toxicological effects observed were MNX-induced increases in blood granulocyte and platelet counts and in bone marrow megakaryocyte and ED1+ -macrophage density. MNX was without effect on bone marrow cellularity and picrosirius red stained/collagen fiber deposition. Spleen weight increased modestly with extramedullary hematopoiesis evident, but hemosiderin and relative red and white pulp areas were unaffected. Collectively, this study demonstrated that erythroid effects characteristic of acute MNX exposure were not evident with subchronic exposure. However, megakaryocyte proliferation in bone marrow coincident with thrombocytosis after subchronic MNX exposure suggested continued hematotoxicity, but with a qualitatively different outcome. Granulocytosis and increased bone marrow macrophages implicated an inflammatory component in MNX hematotoxicity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhura Ramasahayam
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Sridhar Jaligama
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Sahar M Atwa
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Joshua T Salley
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Marissa Thongdy
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Benny L Blaylock
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Sharon A Meyer
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
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16
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Abdel Hamid OI, Ahmed MG, Hassaneine HMA, Rashed HE. Evaluation of the role of captopril on clozapine-induced cardiotoxicity and hematotoxicity in adult male albino rats. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847317696539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clozapine (CLZ) is considered the most effective drug in treatment of resistant schizophrenia. However, its cardiotoxic effect has raised concerns about its safety. Captopril is a well-known angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor with unique antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of captopril against CLZ-induced myocarditis, and since both drugs have hematotoxic effects, this study aimed to clarify the effect of their combined use on the bone marrow. The study was conducted for 4 weeks on 50 adult male albino rats divided into five groups: group I (negative control), group II (positive control), group III treated with captopril 5 mg/kg/day, group IV treated with CLZ 25 mg/kg/day, and group V treated with captopril (5 mg/kg) 1 hour before CLZ (25 mg/kg/day). CLZ group showed a significant increase in serum troponin I, marked histopathological changes, and immunohistochemical staining of DNA degradation product 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine (8-OHdG). It significantly increased malondialdehyde level and decreased glutathione peroxidase. Captopril coadministration decreased the histopathological hallmarks and biochemical marker of myocarditis and attenuated CLZ effects on the oxidative stress parameters and 8-OHdG, suggesting its protective action against CLZ-induced myocarditis. Complete blood count and bone marrow evaluation was normal indicating that captopril, in the protective dose given, didn’t increase the risk of CLZ-induced hematotoxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Omaima I Abdel Hamid
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Marwa G Ahmed
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Hanan MA Hassaneine
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Hayam E Rashed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Carter CM, Cregar LC, Aulbach AD. Cytological Bone Marrow Cell Differential Counts and Morphologic Findings in Healthy Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) from Nonclinical Toxicology Studies. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 45:267-274. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623316677067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytological bone marrow evaluation is utilized in nonclinical toxicology studies to characterize hematopoietic effects when the combined interpretation of histologic and complete blood count data does not yield sufficient information. Results from cytological bone marrow examination should be interpreted in the context of variability observed in concurrent control animals with consideration of cytologist experience and historical/published data. Cytological bone marrow differential counts and cellular morphologic findings from 130 (66 male, 64 female) healthy control cynomolgus monkeys from nonclinical toxicology studies were retrospectively analyzed. Myeloid to erythroid (M:E) ratios and the percentage of total cells for each cell type were determined from differential cell count data. M:E ratios ranged from 0.6:1 to 2.3:1. Percentages of total granulocytic cells, total erythroid cells, and lymphocytes ranged from 26.6% to 60.6%, 25.7% to 52.2%, and 5.5% to 40.4%, respectively. Monocytes, plasma cells, mast cells, and mitotic figures were typically <1% of total cells. Notable morphologic findings included occasional giant neutrophilic metamyelocytes and band neutrophils, ring-shaped band neutrophil nuclei, metarubricyte nuclear blebbing and binucleation, multiple or nonfused megakaryocyte nuclei, and emperipolesis. These results represent cytological bone marrow findings from healthy control cynomolgus monkeys utilized in nonclinical toxicology studies and provide insight into expected background variability.
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18
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Prigge JR, Hoyt TR, Dobrinen E, Capecchi MR, Schmidt EE, Meissner N. Type I IFNs Act upon Hematopoietic Progenitors To Protect and Maintain Hematopoiesis during Pneumocystis Lung Infection in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:5347-57. [PMID: 26519535 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although acquired bone marrow failure (BMF) is considered a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, few studies have considered contributing roles of innate immune deviations following otherwise innocuous infections as a cause underlying the immune defects that lead to BMF. Type I IFN signaling plays an important role in protecting hematopoiesis during systemic stress responses to the opportunistic fungal pathogen Pneumocystis. During Pneumocystis lung infection, mice deficient in both lymphocytes and type I IFN receptor (IFrag(-/-)) develop rapidly progressing BMF associated with accelerated hematopoietic cell apoptosis. However, the communication pathway eliciting the induction of BMF in response to this strictly pulmonary infection has been unclear. We developed a conditional-null allele of Ifnar1 and used tissue-specific induction of the IFrag(-/-) state and found that, following Pneumocystis lung infection, type I IFNs act not only in the lung to prevent systemic immune deviations, but also within the progenitor compartment of the bone marrow to protect hematopoiesis. In addition, transfer of sterile-filtered serum from Pneumocystis-infected mice as well as i.p. injection of Pneumocystis into uninfected IFrag(-/-) mice induced BMF. Although specific cytokine deviations contribute to induction of BMF, immune-suppressive treatment of infected IFrag(-/-) mice ameliorated its progression but did not prevent loss of hematopoietic progenitor functions. This suggested that additional, noncytokine factors also target and impair progenitor functions; and interestingly, fungal β-glucans were also detected in serum. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that type 1 IFN signaling protects hematopoiesis within the bone marrow compartment from the damaging effects of proinflammatory cytokines elicited by Pneumocystis in the lung and possibly at extrapulmonary sites via circulating fungal components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Prigge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718; and
| | - Teri R Hoyt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718; and
| | - Erin Dobrinen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718; and
| | - Mario R Capecchi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Edward E Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718; and
| | - Nicole Meissner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718; and
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19
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Hoyt TR, Dobrinen E, Kochetkova I, Meissner N. B cells modulate systemic responses to Pneumocystis murina lung infection and protect on-demand hematopoiesis via T cell-independent innate mechanisms when type I interferon signaling is absent. Infect Immun 2015; 83:743-58. [PMID: 25452554 PMCID: PMC4294237 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02639-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection results in a complex immunodeficiency due to loss of CD4(+) T cells, impaired type I interferon (IFN) responses, and B cell dysfunctions causing susceptibility to opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis murina pneumonia and unexplained comorbidities, including bone marrow dysfunctions. Type I IFNs and B cells critically contribute to immunity to Pneumocystis lung infection. We recently also identified B cells as supporters of on-demand hematopoiesis following Pneumocystis infection that would otherwise be hampered due to systemic immune effects initiated in the context of a defective type I IFN system. While studying the role of type I IFNs in immunity to Pneumocystis infection, we discovered that mice lacking both lymphocytes and type I IFN receptor (IFrag(-/-)) developed progressive bone marrow failure following infection, while lymphocyte-competent type I IFN receptor-deficient mice (IFNAR(-/-)) showed transient bone marrow depression and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Lymphocyte reconstitution of lymphocyte-deficient IFrag(-/-) mice pointed to B cells as a key player in bone marrow protection. Here we define how B cells protect on-demand hematopoiesis following Pneumocystis lung infection in our model. We demonstrate that adoptive transfer of B cells into IFrag(-/-) mice protects early hematopoietic progenitor activity during systemic responses to Pneumocystis infection, thus promoting replenishment of depleted bone marrow cells. This activity is independent of CD4(+) T cell help and B cell receptor specificity and does not require B cell migration to bone marrow. Furthermore, we show that B cells protect on-demand hematopoiesis in part by induction of interleukin-10 (IL-10)- and IL-27-mediated mechanisms. Thus, our data demonstrate an important immune modulatory role of B cells during Pneumocystis lung infection that complement the modulatory role of type I IFNs to prevent systemic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teri R Hoyt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Erin Dobrinen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Irina Kochetkova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Nicole Meissner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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20
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Tan E, Abrams-Ogg ACG, Defarges A, Bienzle D. Automated hematologic analysis of bone marrow aspirate samples from healthy Beagle dogs. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 43:342-51. [PMID: 25135758 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interpretation of bone marrow (BM) smears typically is comprised of qualitative assessment and differential counting of cells. Analysis of BM fluid with automated hematology analyzers may provide rapid characterization of cells to supplement microscopic interpretation. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to examine the practicality and utility of analyzing BM samples in the Advia 2120 hematology analyzer; to determine if results correlate with smear assessment; and to establish descriptive statistics from hematologically normal and clinically healthy Beagle dogs. METHODS Anticoagulated BM aspirates from 3 different sites of 26 adult Beagle dogs were collected. BM samples were analyzed in the Advia 2120, and numerical results were correlated with microscopic assessment of corresponding BM smears. Results from automated analyses and manual 500-cell differential counts were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Forty-six samples were suitable for complete analysis. Results were available in approximately 2 (Advia) and 30 (stained and cover-slipped smear) minutes. Advia nucleated cell concentration was significantly correlated with microscopic assessment of smear particle number and smear cellularity. Significant correlations were also identified for Advia percent neutrophils with segmented, band and metamylocyte neutrophils, Advia percent lymphocytes with rubricytes, and Advia percent large unstained cells (LUC) with myeloblasts and promyelocytes. CONCLUSIONS Automated analysis of BM aspirates was practicable, although techniques to obtain cellular samples and avoid clot formation could be improved. Automated analysis may provide rapid and useful preliminary information regarding sample cellularity, and granulocytic and erythrocytic components. Automated analysis should not supplant microscopic assessment, but may be a useful adjunct.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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21
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Tan E, Abrams-Ogg A, Defarges A, Bienzle D. Automated Analysis of Bone Marrow Aspirates from Dogs with Haematological Disorders. J Comp Pathol 2014; 151:67-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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von Beust B. Automated bone marrow analysis in rats- a change in paradigm in toxicologic clinical pathology? Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 43:121-2. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Criswell KA, Bock JH, Wildeboer SE, Johnson K, Giovanelli RP. Validation of Sysmex XT-2000iV generated quantitative bone marrow differential counts in untreated Wistar rats. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 43:125-36. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kay A. Criswell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development; Drug Safety Research and Development; Groton CT USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Bock
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development; Drug Safety Research and Development; Groton CT USA
| | - Samantha E. Wildeboer
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development; Drug Safety Research and Development; Groton CT USA
| | | | - Richard P. Giovanelli
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development; Drug Safety Research and Development; Groton CT USA
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Searles S, Gauss K, Wilkison M, Hoyt TR, Dobrinen E, Meissner N. Modulation of inflammasome-mediated pulmonary immune activation by type I IFNs protects bone marrow homeostasis during systemic responses to Pneumocystis lung infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:3884-95. [PMID: 23975863 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although acquired bone marrow failure (BMF) is considered a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, possible innate immune defects as a cause for systemic immune deviations in response to otherwise innocuous infections have not been extensively explored. In this regard, we recently demonstrated an important role of type I IFNs in protecting hematopoiesis during systemic stress responses to the opportunistic fungal pathogen Pneumocystis in lymphocyte-deficient mice. Mice deficient in both lymphocytes and type I IFN receptor (IFrag(-/-) mice) develop rapidly progressing BMF due to accelerated bone marrow (BM) cell apoptosis associated with innate immune deviations in the BM in response to Pneumocystis lung infection. However, the communication pathway between lung and BM eliciting the induction of BMF in response to this strictly pulmonary infection has been unclear. In this study, we report that absence of an intact type I IFN system during Pneumocystis lung infection not only causes BMF in lymphocyte-deficient mice but also transient BM stress in lymphocyte-competent mice. This is associated with an exuberant systemic IFN-γ response. IFN-γ neutralization prevented Pneumocystis lung infection-induced BM depression in type I IFN receptor-deficient mice and prolonged neutrophil survival time in BM from IFrag(-/-) mice. IL-1β and upstream regulators of IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-18 were also upregulated in lung and serum of IFrag(-/-) mice. In conjunction, there was exuberant inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation in pulmonary innate immune cells required for processing of IL-18 and IL-1β. Thus, absence of type I IFN signaling during Pneumocystis lung infection may result in deregulation of inflammasome-mediated pulmonary immune activation, causing systemic immune deviations triggering BMF in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Searles
- Department of Pathology, University of California School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
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25
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Evaluation of micronuclei in mice bone marrow and antioxidant systems in erythrocytes exposed to α-amanitin. Toxicon 2013; 63:147-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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26
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Wilkison M, Gauss K, Ran Y, Searles S, Taylor D, Meissner N. Type 1 interferons suppress accelerated osteoclastogenesis and prevent loss of bone mass during systemic inflammatory responses to Pneumocystis lung infection. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:151-62. [PMID: 22626807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
HIV infection causes loss of CD4(+) T cells and type 1 interferon (IFN)-producing and IFN-responsive dendritic cells, resulting in immunodeficiencies and susceptibility to opportunistic infections, such as Pneumocystis. Osteoporosis and bone marrow failure are additional unexplained complications in HIV-positive patients and patients with AIDS, respectively. We recently demonstrated that mice that lack lymphocytes and IFN a/b receptor (IFrag(-/-)) develop bone marrow failure after Pneumocystis lung infection, whereas lymphocyte-deficient, IFN α/β receptor-competent mice (RAG(-/-)) had normal hematopoiesis. Interestingly, infected IFrag(-/-) mice also exhibited bone fragility, suggesting loss of bone mass. We quantified bone changes and evaluated the potential connection between progressing bone fragility and bone marrow failure after Pneumocystis lung infection in IFrag(-/-) mice. We found that Pneumocystis infection accelerated osteoclastogenesis as bone marrow failure progressed. This finding was consistent with induction of osteoclastogenic factors, including receptor-activated nuclear factor-κB ligand and the proapoptotic factor tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, in conjunction with their shared decoy receptor osteoprotegerin, in the bone marrow of infected IFrag(-/-) mice. Deregulation of this axis has also been observed in HIV-positive individuals. Biphosphonate treatment of IFrag(-/-) mice prevented bone loss and protected loss of hematopoietic precursor cells that maintained activity in vitro but did not prevent loss of mature neutrophils. Together, these data show that bone loss and bone marrow failure are partially linked, which suggests that the deregulation of the receptor-activated nuclear factor-κB ligand/osteoprotegerin/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand axis may connect the two phenotypes in our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Wilkison
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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27
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El-Sayed ESM, Abdel-Aziz AAH, Saleh S, Saad AS. The chemopreventive effect of dimethylthiourea against carmustine-induced myelotoxicity in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1965-9. [PMID: 21620922 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The possible chemopreventive role of dimethylthiourea (DMTU) against carmustine (1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, BCNU)-induced myelotoxicity was assessed through evaluation of apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) content and some antioxidant enzymes activities in bone marrow cells of rats. Thirty-six rats were randomly classified into four groups. The first group was injected i.p. with ethanol and served as a control. The second group was treated with BCNU. The third group was given DMTU, while the fourth group was co-administered with DMTU prior to BCNU administration. BCNU treatment in a single dose of 30 mg/kg significantly decreased the normal counts of RBCs, WBCs and platelets as well as hemoglobin level. In addition, BCNU exhibited marked apoptotic effect associated with significant alterations in the oxidative cascade parameters. Treatment of animals with DMTU in a single dose of 500 mg/kg 1h before BCNU injection, followed by 125 mg/kg twice daily for 5 consecutive days significantly mitigated the induced changes in the hematological parameters. The induced alterations in the oxidant and antioxidant parameters as well as apoptosis were also improved. Conclusively, DMTU treatment exhibited marked chemopreventive effect against BCNU-induced myelotoxicity; an effect which may be partially attributed to its inherently antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed M El-Sayed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Taylor D, Wilkison M, Voyich J, Meissner N. Prevention of Bone Marrow Cell Apoptosis and Regulation of Hematopoiesis by Type I IFNs during Systemic Responses toPneumocystisLung Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:5956-67. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Reagan WJ, Irizarry-Rovira A, Poitout-Belissent F, Bolliger AP, Ramaiah SK, Travlos G, Walker D, Bounous D, Walter G. Best practices for evaluation of bone marrow in nonclinical toxicity studies. Toxicol Pathol 2011; 39:435-48. [PMID: 21300792 DOI: 10.1177/0192623310396907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript is intended to provide a best practice approach to accurately and consistently assess toxicant-induced bone marrow effects of test articles. In nonclinical toxicity studies, complete blood count data in conjunction with the histological examination of the bone marrow are recommended as the foundation for assessing the effect of test articles on the hematopoietic system. This approach alone can be used successfully in many studies. However, in some situations it may be necessary to further characterize effects on the different hematopoietic lineages, either by cytological or flow cytometric evaluation of the bone marrow. Both modalities can be used successfully, and which one is selected will depend on the expertise, preference of the facility, and the nature of the change in the bone marrow. Other specialized techniques such as clonogenic assays or electron microscopy are used rarely to further characterize hematotoxicity. The indications and techniques to successfully employ histological, cytological, or flow cytometric evaluation as well as clonogenic assays and electron microscopy are reviewed.
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Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine against carmustine-induced myelotoxicity in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1576-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Fröjmark AS, Badhai J, Klar J, Thuveson M, Schuster J, Dahl N. Cooperative effect of ribosomal protein s19 and Pim-1 kinase on murine c-Myc expression and myeloid/erythroid cellularity. J Mol Med (Berl) 2009; 88:39-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-009-0558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Cabañas-Cortés MA, Reyes-Maldonado E, Montiel-Cervantes L, Domínguez-López ML, Jiménez-Zamudio L, García-Latorre E. Toxoplasma gondii: effect of maternal infection in the development of lymphoid organs of BALB/c neonates. Exp Parasitol 2008; 121:279-87. [PMID: 19114038 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2008.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2008] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is one of the worldwide parasitic zoonoses. Alterations in the lymphopoietic system are still poorly studied. We analyzed lymphoid organs of BALB/c mice neonates from Toxoplasma gondii-intraperitoneally-infected mothers on 19th day of gestation, with 30 tachyzoites of strain RH. Normal non-infected pregnant females were used as controls. At 7 days after birth, animals were classified as neonates from infected (NIM) and neonates from non-infected mothers (NNIM). Weight of the thymus and number of thymic cells in NIM were decreased, percentage of apoptosis was significantly increased. Decrease in lymphocytes and monocytes and an increase of plasma cells were observed in bone marrow of NIM. Peripheral blood of NIM showed an increase of monocytes and neutrophils and a decrease in lymphocytes. Infection of the mother during the last day of gestation provokes in the neonates changes in the lymphoid organs that could explain survival of 75% of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Asunción Cabañas-Cortés
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN. Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Plutarco Elías Calles Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340 Mexico D.F., Mexico
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Ulk1 plays a critical role in the autophagic clearance of mitochondria and ribosomes during reticulocyte maturation. Blood 2008; 112:1493-502. [PMID: 18539900 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-02-137398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of a red blood cell's hemoglobin depends on mitochondrial heme synthesis. However, mature red blood cells are devoid of mitochondria and rely on glycolysis for ATP production. The molecular basis for the selective elimination of mitochondria from mature red blood cells remains controversial. Recent evidence suggests that clearance of both mitochondria and ribosomes, which occurs in reticulocytes following nuclear extrusion, depends on autophagy. Here, we demonstrate that Ulk1, a serine threonine kinase with homology to yeast atg1p, is a critical regulator of mitochondrial and ribosomal clearance during the final stages of erythroid maturation. However, in contrast to the core autophagy genes such as atg5 and atg7, expression of ulk1 is not essential for induction of macroautophagy in response to nutrient deprivation or for survival of newborn mice. Together, these data suggest that the ATG1 homologue, Ulk1, is a component of the selective autophagy machinery that leads to the elimination of organelles in erythroid cells rather that an essential mechanistic component of autophagy.
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Rees AJ. A comparison of the haematological effects of pregnancy on the Han Wistar rat. Toxicology 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Meissner N, Rutkowski M, Harmsen AL, Han S, Harmsen AG. Type I Interferon Signaling and B Cells Maintain Hemopoiesis duringPneumocystisInfection of the Lung. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:6604-15. [PMID: 17475892 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.10.6604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Loss of CD4 T cells is the hallmark of HIV infection. However, type I IFN-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells may also be lost. This results in susceptibility to an opportunistic infection such as Pneumocystis pneumonia. In addition, regenerative bone marrow failure resulting in pancytopenia is another common problem in advanced stage AIDS. This may be linked to both the failing immune system and recurrent opportunistic infections. We generated lymphocyte-deficient type I IFN receptor-deficient mice (IFrag-/-) to study the effects on Pneumocystis infection of the lung. When IFrag-/- animals were infected with Pneumocystis they died between days 16 and 21 postinfection with minimal pneumonia but severe anemia due to complete bone marrow failure. This included the loss of uncommitted hemopoietic precursor cells. Bone marrow failure was prevented by the reconstitution of IFrag-/- mice with wild-type lymphocytes, especially B cells. T and B cells lacking type I IFN receptor signaling could only partially prevent bone marrow failure in response to Pneumocystis infection. However, the presence of T and B cells lacking type I IFN signaling resulted in compensatory extramedullary hemopoiesis in the liver and spleen. Lymphocyte support of the regenerative capacity of the bone marrow was provided by both type I IFN-dependent and -independent mechanisms that acted synergistically. Our findings point to the requirement of both type I IFNs and lymphocytes in the regenerative capabilities of the hemopoietic system under the pressure of Pneumocystis infection, but not during steady-state hemopoiesis. This may have implications in the management of pancytopenia in AIDS.
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MESH Headings
- Anemia, Aplastic/genetics
- Anemia, Aplastic/immunology
- Anemia, Aplastic/prevention & control
- Animals
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary/genetics
- Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary/immunology
- Interferon-alpha/deficiency
- Interferon-alpha/genetics
- Interferon-alpha/physiology
- Interferon-beta/deficiency
- Interferon-beta/genetics
- Interferon-beta/physiology
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/immunology
- Lymphopenia/genetics
- Lymphopenia/immunology
- Lymphopenia/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/blood
- Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/genetics
- Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/immunology
- Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/pathology
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/deficiency
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Meissner
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA.
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Toxicity Evaluation to Mice of Phylloseptin-1, an Antimicrobial Peptide from the Skin Secretion of Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis (Amphibia). Int J Pept Res Ther 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-006-9060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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