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Klahn S, Dervisis N, Gustafson DL, Abbott J. Dose-Escalation and Pharmacokinetic Study Following a Single Dose of Oxaliplatin in Cancer-Bearing Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2020; 56:206-214. [PMID: 32412339 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is more potent than cisplatin, lacks cross-resistance to other platinum agents, and has a favorable toxicity profile. This study's objective was to define the maximally tolerated dose and the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of oxaliplatin in cancer-bearing dogs. This was a prospective, single-patient-cohort, dose-escalation study of oxaliplatin in client-owned dogs with confirmed, spontaneous malignancy. A single infusion was administered; the starting dose was 50 mg/m2, with 10 mg/m2 escalation-increments if no DLT was documented, up to a maximum dose of 140 mg/m2. Plasma total platinum was measured at multiple timepoints and patients were monitored weekly. Ten dogs were enrolled in single-patient-cohort treatment levels up to the maximum level of 140 mg/m2. There were no DLTs, and the maximally tolerated dose was not determined. The area under the curve0-7 days for 100-140 mg/m2 ranged from 77,850 to 82,860 ng/mL × hr; the area under the curve0-4 hr for 50-140 mg/m2 was linear with dose (r2 = 0.639, P = .0055). The data suggest a single infusion of oxaliplatin is well tolerated in cancer-bearing dogs up to 140 mg/m2. There was good correlation between exposure and dose, while achieving plasma levels similar to therapeutic levels documented in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna Klahn
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (S.K., N.D., J.A.); and Clinical Sciences Department, Pharmacology and Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado (D.L.G.)
| | - Nikolaos Dervisis
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (S.K., N.D., J.A.); and Clinical Sciences Department, Pharmacology and Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado (D.L.G.)
| | - Daniel L Gustafson
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (S.K., N.D., J.A.); and Clinical Sciences Department, Pharmacology and Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado (D.L.G.)
| | - Jonathan Abbott
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (S.K., N.D., J.A.); and Clinical Sciences Department, Pharmacology and Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado (D.L.G.)
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LeBlanc AK, Mazcko CN, Khanna C. Defining the Value of a Comparative Approach to Cancer Drug Development. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:2133-8. [PMID: 26712689 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Comparative oncology as a tool in drug development requires a deeper examination of the value of the approach and examples of where this approach can satisfy unmet needs. This review seeks to demonstrate types of drug development questions that are best answered by the comparative oncology approach. We believe common perceived risks of the comparative approach relate to uncertainty of how regulatory bodies will prioritize or react to data generated from these unique studies conducted in diseased animals, and how these new data will affect ongoing human clinical trials. We contend that it is reasonable to consider these data as potentially informative and valuable to cancer drug development, but as supplementary to conventional preclinical studies and human clinical trials particularly as they relate to the identification of drug-associated adverse events. Clin Cancer Res; 22(9); 2133-8. ©2015 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K LeBlanc
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Christina N Mazcko
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chand Khanna
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Song Y, Suntharalingam K, Yeung JS, Royzen M, Lippard SJ. Synthesis and characterization of Pt(IV) fluorescein conjugates to investigate Pt(IV) intracellular transformations. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1733-40. [PMID: 23957697 PMCID: PMC3800427 DOI: 10.1021/bc400281a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pt(IV) anticancer compounds typically operate as prodrugs that are reduced in the hypoxic environment of cancer cells, losing two axial ligands in the process to generate active Pt(II) species. Here we report the synthesis of two fluorescent Pt(IV) prodrugs of cisplatin in order to image and evaluate the Pt(IV) reduction process in simulated and real biological environments. Treatment of the complexes dissolved in PBS buffer with reducing agents typically encountered in cells, glutathione or ascorbate, afforded a 3- to 5-fold fluorescence turn-on owing to reduction and loss of their fluorescein-based axial ligands, which are quenched when bound to platinum. Both Pt(IV) conjugates displayed moderate cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values higher than that of cisplatin. Immunoblotting and DNA flow cytometry analyses of one of the complexes, Pt(IV)FL2, revealed that it damages DNA, causes cell cycle arrest in S or G2/M depending on exposure time, and ultimately triggers apoptotic cell death. Fluorescence microscopic studies prove that Pt(IV)FL2 enters cells intact and undergoes reduction intracellularly. The results are best interpreted in terms of a model in which the axial fluorescein ligands are expelled through lysosomes, with the platinum(II) moiety generated in the process binding to genomic DNA, which results in cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Song
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | | | - Maksim Royzen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Kumar S, Mokhtari RB, Yeger H, Baruchel S. Preclinical models for pediatric solid tumor drug discovery: current trends, challenges and the scopes for improvement. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 7:1093-106. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2012.722077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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