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Hamilton VA, Lee SS, Rober AR, Furey PC, Manoylov KM, Wyatt KH. A Voucher Flora of Diatoms from Fens in the Tanana River Floodplain, Alaska. WATER 2023; 15:1-52. [PMID: 38152466 PMCID: PMC10750759 DOI: 10.3390/w15152803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and human activities may alter the structure and function of boreal peatlands by warming waters and changing their hydrology. Diatoms can be used to assess or track these changes. However, effective biomonitoring requires consistent, reliable identification. To address this need, this study developed a diatom voucher flora of species found across a boreal fen gradient (e.g., vegetation) in interior Alaskan peatlands. Composite diatom samples were collected bi-weekly from three peatland complexes over the 2017 summer. The morphological range of each taxon was imaged. The fens contained 184 taxa across 38 genera. Eunotia (45), Gomphonema (23), and Pinnularia (20) commonly occurred in each peatland. Tabellaria was common in the rich and moderate fen but sparse in the poor fen. Eunotia showed the opposite trend. Approximately 11% of species are potentially novel and 25% percent matched those at risk or declining in status on the diatom Red List (developed in Germany), highlighting the conservation value of boreal wetlands. This voucher flora expands knowledge of regional diatom biodiversity and provides updated, verifiable taxonomic information for inland Alaskan diatoms, building on Foged's 1981 treatment. This flora strengthens the potential to effectively track changes in boreal waterways sensitive to climate change and anthropogenic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvia S. Lee
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA
| | - Allison R. Rober
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Paula C. Furey
- Department of Biology, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Kalina M. Manoylov
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Georgia College & State University, Milledgeville, GA 31061, USA
| | - Kevin H. Wyatt
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
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Zhu D, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Su JQ, Ding J, Li H, Gillings MR, Penuelas J, Zhu YG. Deciphering Potential Roles of Earthworms in Mitigation of Antibiotic Resistance in the Soils from Diverse Ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7445-7455. [PMID: 33977709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms are capable of redistributing bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through soil profiles. However, our understanding of the earthworm gut microbiome and its interaction with the antibiotic resistome is still lacking. Here, we characterized the earthworm gut and soil microbiome and antibiotic resistome in natural and agricultural ecosystems at a national scale, and microcosm studies and field experiments were also employed to test the potential role of earthworms in dynamics of soil ARGs. The diversity and structure of bacterial communities were different between the earthworm gut and soil. A significant correlation between bacterial community dissimilarity and spatial distance between sites was identified in the earthworm gut. The earthworm gut consistently had lower ARGs than the surrounding soil. A significant reduction in the relative abundance of mobile genetic elements and dominant bacterial phylotypes that are the likely hosts of ARGs was observed in the earthworm gut compared to the surrounding soil, which might contribute to the decrease of ARGs in the earthworm gut. The microcosm studies and field experiments further confirmed that the presence of earthworms significantly reduced the number and abundance of ARGs in soils. Our study implies that earthworm-based bioremediation may be a method to reduce risks associated with the presence of ARGs in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Jian-Qiang Su
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hu Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Michael R Gillings
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
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Zhang C, Chen Y, Xu B, Xue Y, Ren Y. How to predict biodiversity in space? An evaluation of modelling approaches in marine ecosystems. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Marine Sciences University of Maine Orono ME USA
| | - Binduo Xu
- College of Fisheries Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Ying Xue
- College of Fisheries Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Yiping Ren
- College of Fisheries Ocean University of China Qingdao China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China
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Iacarella JC, Adamczyk E, Bowen D, Chalifour L, Eger A, Heath W, Helms S, Hessing-Lewis M, Hunt BPV, MacInnis A, O'Connor MI, Robinson CLK, Yakimishyn J, Baum JK. Anthropogenic disturbance homogenizes seagrass fish communities. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1904-1918. [PMID: 29431880 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have led to the biotic homogenization of many ecological communities, yet in coastal systems this phenomenon remains understudied. In particular, activities that locally affect marine habitat-forming foundation species may perturb habitat and promote species with generalist, opportunistic traits, in turn affecting spatial patterns of biodiversity. Here, we quantified fish diversity in seagrass communities across 89 sites spanning 6° latitude along the Pacific coast of Canada, to test the hypothesis that anthropogenic disturbances homogenize (i.e., lower beta-diversity) assemblages within coastal ecosystems. We test for patterns of biotic homogenization at sites within different anthropogenic disturbance categories (low, medium, and high) at two spatial scales (within and across regions) using both abundance- and incidence-based beta-diversity metrics. Our models provide clear evidence that fish communities in high anthropogenic disturbance seagrass areas are homogenized relative to those in low disturbance areas. These results were consistent across within-region comparisons using abundance- and incidence-based measures of beta-diversity, and in across-region comparisons using incidence-based measures. Physical and biotic characteristics of seagrass meadows also influenced fish beta-diversity. Biotic habitat characteristics including seagrass biomass and shoot density were more differentiated among high disturbance sites, potentially indicative of a perturbed environment. Indicator species and trait analyses revealed fishes associated with low disturbance sites had characteristics including stenotopy, lower swimming ability, and egg guarding behavior. Our study is the first to show biotic homogenization of fishes across seagrass meadows within areas of relatively high human impact. These results support the importance of targeting conservation efforts in low anthropogenic disturbance areas across land- and seascapes, as well as managing anthropogenic impacts in high activity areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Adamczyk
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dan Bowen
- Comox Valley Project Watershed Society, Courtenay, BC, Canada
| | - Lia Chalifour
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Aaron Eger
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - William Heath
- Comox Valley Project Watershed Society, Courtenay, BC, Canada
| | - Sibylla Helms
- Gulf Islands National Park Reserve of Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada
| | | | - Brian P V Hunt
- Hakai Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Institute for the Ocean and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew MacInnis
- Cooper Beauchesne and Associates Ltd, Qualicum Beach, BC, Canada
| | - Mary I O'Connor
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Julia K Baum
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Wang L, Brenden T, Cao Y, Seelbach P. Delineation and validation of river network spatial scales for water resources and fisheries management. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 50:875-887. [PMID: 22961585 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-012-9938-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Identifying appropriate spatial scales is critically important for assessing health, attributing data, and guiding management actions for rivers. We describe a process for identifying a three-level hierarchy of spatial scales for Michigan rivers. Additionally, we conduct a variance decomposition of fish occurrence, abundance, and assemblage metric data to evaluate how much observed variability can be explained by the three spatial scales as a gage of their utility for water resources and fisheries management. The process involved the development of geographic information system programs, statistical models, modification by experienced biologists, and simplification to meet the needs of policy makers. Altogether, 28,889 reaches, 6,198 multiple-reach segments, and 11 segment classes were identified from Michigan river networks. The segment scale explained the greatest amount of variation in fish abundance and occurrence, followed by segment class, and reach. Segment scale also explained the greatest amount of variation in 13 of the 19 analyzed fish assemblage metrics, with segment class explaining the greatest amount of variation in the other six fish metrics. Segments appear to be a useful spatial scale/unit for measuring and synthesizing information for managing rivers and streams. Additionally, segment classes provide a useful typology for summarizing the numerous segments into a few categories. Reaches are the foundation for the identification of segments and segment classes and thus are integral elements of the overall spatial scale hierarchy despite reaches not explaining significant variation in fish assemblage data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Wang
- Institute for Fisheries Research, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, University of Michigan, 1109 N University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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McCreadie JW, Adler PH. The roles of abiotic factors, dispersal, and species interactions in structuring stream assemblages of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). AQUATIC BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:14. [PMID: 22742597 PMCID: PMC3541213 DOI: 10.1186/2046-9063-8-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The patterns and drivers of species assemblages represent the core of community ecology. We focus on the assemblages of a single family of ubiquitous lotic insects, the Simuliidae (black flies), of which the larvae play a critical role in resource turnover in steams. We use Mantel tests and null models to tease out the potential influence of abiotic stream conditions, species interactions, and dispersal on the assemblage patterns of larval black flies over two spatial scales (within and across ecoregions) and two seasons (spring and summer). RESULTS When stream sites were considered across ecoregions in the spring, stream conditions and dispersal were correlated significantly with species similarity; however, within ecoregions in the spring, dispersal was important only in the Piedmont and Sandhills and abiotic factors only in the Mountains. In contrast, results of the summer analyses within and across ecoregions were congruent; assemblage similarity was significantly correlated with stream conditions both across and within ecoregions. Null models suggested that patterns of species segregation in the spring were consistent with a community structured by competition, whereas patterns in the summer were consistent with species assemblages influenced by abiotic factors. CONCLUSIONS Species composition of black flies at streams sites is correlated with dispersal factors and stream conditions, but results vary over spatial and temporal scales. Communities of black flies can be viewed within a metacommunity context; local assemblages are consistent with species sorting and mass effects. Given that black flies have a terrestrial stage, with females deciding where to place the eggs, a full understanding of the processes that determine local aquatic assemblages will require integration of the dynamics of the aquatic immature stages and the terrestrial adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W McCreadie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Peter H Adler
- School of Agricultural, Forest & Environmental Sciences (Entomology), Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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