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Santoiemma PP, Cohn SE, Gatesy SWM, Hauser AR, Agrawal S, Theodorou ME, Bachta KER, Ozer EA. The global population stru cture of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and its application to an investigation of a rare case of infective endocarditis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300843. [PMID: 39213326 PMCID: PMC11364288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lacticaseibacillus (formerly Lactobacillus) rhamnosus is widely used in probiotics or food supplements to promote microbiome health and may also be part of the normal microbiota of the human gastrointestinal tract. However, it rarely also causes invasive or severe infections in patients. It has been postulated that these infections may originate from probiotics or from endogenous commensal reservoirs. In this report, we examine the population structure of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and investigate the utility of using bacterial genomics to identify the source of invasive Lacticaseibacillus infections. METHODS Core genome phylogenetic analysis was performed on 602 L. rhamnosus genome sequences from the National Center for Biotechnology public database. This information was then used along with newly generated sequences of L. rhamnosus isolates from yogurt to investigate a fatal case of L. rhamnosus endocarditis. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated substantial genetic overlap of L. rhamnosus isolates cultured from food, probiotics, infected patients, and colonized individuals. This was applied to a patient who had both consumed yogurt and developed L. rhamnosus endocarditis to attempt to identify the source of his infection. The sequence of the isolate from the patient's bloodstream differed at only one nucleotide position from one of the yogurt isolates. Both isolates belonged to a clade, identified here as clade YC, composed of mostly gastrointestinal isolates from healthy individuals, some of which also differed by only a single nucleotide change from the patient's isolate. CONCLUSIONS As illustrated by this case, whole genome sequencing may be insufficient to reliably determine the source of invasive infections caused by L. rhamnosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip P. Santoiemma
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Susan E. Cohn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Samuel W. M. Gatesy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alan R. Hauser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Saaket Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Maria E. Theodorou
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kelly E. R. Bachta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Egon A. Ozer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Havey Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Perotti S, Mantegazza G, Pierallini E, Kirika N, Duncan R, Telesca N, Sarrica A, Guglielmetti S. Human in vivo assessment of the survival and germination of Heyndrickxia coagulans SNZ1969 spores delivered via gummy candies. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 9:100793. [PMID: 39071473 PMCID: PMC11278553 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Confectionary products hold promise as unconventional food carriers for probiotic microorganisms. This study explored the delivery of Heyndrickxia coagulans SNZ1969, a spore-forming probiotic, using gummy candies. In this study, we prepared gummy candies containing bacterial spores with a viable count that remained stable during a 24-month shelf-life period, meeting the label claim of at least one billion CFUs per serving (24 g). Then, we carried out an intervention trial involving 24 healthy adults who consumed one serving per day for two weeks followed by an additional two weeks of follow-up. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed with a protocol that allowed the viable counts of SNZ1969, both in spore and vegetative forms. The obtained results revealed that bacterial spores germinated in all volunteers. SNZ1969 persistence in the gut was monitored for two weeks after the end of gummy candy consumption, indicating its potential for prolonged colonization. These findings highlight the potential of unconventional food carriers for probiotic delivery and suggest that spore-forming probiotics can be metabolically active in the human intestine. These findings provide information for the development of food products containing spore-forming probiotics and their potential benefits in promoting gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Perotti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mantegazza
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Pierallini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Italy
| | | | - Robin Duncan
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Telesca
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Italy
| | | | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Italy
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Martinović A, Chittaro M, Mora D, Arioli S. The Ability of Streptococcus thermophilus BT01 to Modulate Urease Activity in Healthy Subjects' Fecal Samples Depends on the Biomass Production Process. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200529. [PMID: 36708131 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE This study evaluates how manufacturing conditions of probiotic biomass production, using two different cryoprotectants, Cryo-A and Cryo-B, can affect Streptococcus thermophilus BT01 in vivo gastrointestinal tract survival and its ability to modulate the level of urease activity in fecal samples of healthy subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS A randomized controlled cross-over study is carried out on 20 adult healthy subjects to evaluate total and viable loads, persistence of S. thermophilus BT01, and urease activity in fecal samples. Strain-specific quantification by using developed culture-based method and molecular qPCR tool allows to quantify viable S. thermophilus BT01 strain in 90% of the subjects. The quantification of both total DNA and recovered viable S. thermophilus BT01 in fecal samples does not reveal significant differences between Cryo-A or Cryo-B treated biomass. However, the administration of S. thermophilus BT01 produced with Cryo-A results in a decreased urease activity in fecal samples compared to Cryo-B protected cells. CONCLUSION This study i) highlights how the manufacturing conditions can play a role in influencing the probiotic functionality in vivo and ii) represents the first evidence that links S. thermophilus to a specific probiotic mechanism, the reduction of urease activity in fecal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anđela Martinović
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Marco Chittaro
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Diego Mora
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Stefania Arioli
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy
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4
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Ruiz-Gonzalez C, Cardona D, Rodriguez-Arrastia M, Ropero-Padilla C, Rueda-Ruzafa L, Carvajal F, Sanchez-Labraca N, Aparicio Mota A, Roman P. Effects of probiotics on cognitive and emotional functions in healthy older adults: Protocol for a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial. Res Nurs Health 2022; 45:274-286. [PMID: 35080033 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a process that includes changes in cognitive and emotional functions, as well as changes in the diversity and integrity of gut microbiota. Probiotic treatments have recently been studied as a potential new therapeutic approach to alleviate a wide range of problems in other populations; however, clinical studies in older adults remain insufficient and limited. Thus, the aim of this project is to evaluate the efficacy of a multispecies probiotic formulation as a therapeutic strategy for attenuating the emotional and cognitive decline associated with aging in adults over the age of 55. This is a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial involving at least 32 older adults and comparing two conditions: (a) probiotic, providing a multispecies probiotic for 10 weeks (Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis); and (b) placebo, receiving a harmless substance (potato starch). Despite the increasing use of probiotics for the treatment of cognitive and emotional problems, no study has yet focused on this group, to the best of our knowledge. Therapeutic strategies of the kind outlined in this protocol will help to shed light on the current state of knowledge about this topic, as well as promote health programs tailored to this population, which would encourage active aging and healthy lifestyles. Not only do we expect improvements in the emotional dimension in terms of anxiety, stress, depression, and sleep quality, we also expect improvements in the cognitive dimension in terms of attention, memory, and decreased impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristofer Ruiz-Gonzalez
- Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Diana Cardona
- Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain.,Health Research Center CEINSA, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Miguel Rodriguez-Arrastia
- Pre-Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Castello de la Plana, Spain.,Research Group CYS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Castello de la Plana, Spain
| | - Carmen Ropero-Padilla
- Pre-Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Castello de la Plana, Spain.,Research Group CYS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Castello de la Plana, Spain
| | | | - Francisca Carvajal
- Health Research Center CEINSA, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Nuria Sanchez-Labraca
- Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Adrian Aparicio Mota
- Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental (FIBAO), University Hospital Torrecárdenas, Almería, Spain
| | - Pablo Roman
- Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain.,Health Research Center CEINSA, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain.,Research Group CTS-451 Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
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Forssten SD, Yeung N, Ouwehand AC. Fecal Recovery of Probiotics Administered as a Multi-Strain Formulation during Antibiotic Treatment. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8040083. [PMID: 32283645 PMCID: PMC7235824 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether probiotic recovery is affected when consumed together with antibiotics. Fecal samples were collected from an earlier antibiotic associated diarrhea, randomized, placebo-controlled study with a product consisting of a combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc-37, and Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07, B. lactis Bl-04 at equal numbers and at a total dose of 1010 CFU. Fecal samples were collected during the screening visit (T0), i.e., at the time of antibiotic prescription, and then on the last day of the antibiotic treatment (T1) as well as seven days after the subject had stopped taking the antibiotic treatment (T2) and at two weeks after completing antibiotic treatment and one week after probiotic/placebo consumption stopped (T3). Samples were analyzed for the presence of the four administered strains. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01596829. Detection levels of all four strains were significantly increased from T0 to T1 and returned to baseline level from T2 to T3. There were also significantly more subjects with detectable levels of L. paracasei Lpc-37, B. lactis Bi-07, and B. lactis Bl-04 at T1 and T2 compared to T0 and T3, and compared to placebo. Each of the four strains could be detected in the feces of patients apparently unaffected by the simultaneous consumption of antibiotics.
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Taverniti V, Koirala R, Dalla Via A, Gargari G, Leonardis E, Arioli S, Guglielmetti S. Effect of Cell Concentration on the Persistence in the Human Intestine of Four Probiotic Strains Administered through a Multispecies Formulation. Nutrients 2019; 11:E285. [PMID: 30699901 PMCID: PMC6412360 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies devoted to evaluating the outcome of different doses of probiotics are very limited, especially for multistrain formulations. In this context, we performed an intervention study that aimed to compare the effect of the administration of two doses (7 billion and 70 billion bacterial cells) of a multistrain probiotic formulation on the persistence of the four probiotic strains that were present in the product in the fecal samples collected from healthy subjects. The overall persistence of the probiotic strains was significantly higher for the 70 billion formulation than for the 7 billion formulation. Furthermore, probiotic strains were detected earlier and for longer for the 70 billion formulation compared to those for the 7 billion formulation. All probiotic strains were recovered alive from the 70 billion preparation, whereas recovery was not possible in a few fecal samples upon administration of the 7 billion preparation. In addition, the overall number of viable probiotic cells recovered on day 14 (i.e., the last day of consumption) was significantly higher for the 70 billion formulation than that for the 7 billion formulation. Finally, we found that the viability of the probiotic cells was stable over the course of the trial independent of volunteers' handling, demonstrating good manufacturing of the product. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that strains belonging to different taxa may coexist in the human gastrointestinal tract upon ingestion of a multispecies probiotic formulation. Moreover, this study suggests that higher doses of bacterial cells in probiotic formulations may permit a higher, earlier, and longer recovery of the probiotics in the feces of healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Taverniti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Ranjan Koirala
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Dalla Via
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Gargari
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Leonardis
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefania Arioli
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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7
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Arioli S, Koirala R, Taverniti V, Fiore W, Guglielmetti S. Quantitative Recovery of Viable Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-1572 (L. casei DG®) After Gastrointestinal Passage in Healthy Adults. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1720. [PMID: 30116228 PMCID: PMC6083036 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms, and viability after transit through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is considered an inherent property of the health benefits of probiotics. The aim of the present study was to quantify the viable and total loads of Lactobacillus paracasei DG cells after passage through the GIT following the consumption of the probiotic product Enterolactis (L. casei DG®; L. paracasei CNCM I-1572; L. paracasei DG) from drinkable vials by healthy adults. We developed a novel method for discriminating and enumerating culturable L. paracasei DG cells based on the unique sticky, filamentous phenotype of this strain on MRS agar containing vancomycin and kanamycin. The identity of DG was also confirmed with strain-specific primers by colony PCR. This method was used for a recovery study of the DG strain to quantify viable cells in the fecal samples of 20 volunteers during a 1-week probiotic consumption period and a 1-week follow-up. We isolated L. paracasei DG from at least one fecal sample from all the volunteers. The highest concentration of viable DG cells [ranging from 3.6 to 6.7 log10 colony-forming unit (CFU) per gram of feces] in the feces was observed between 4 and 8 days from the beginning of Enterolactis intake and for up to 5 days after cessation of intake. As expected, the total DG count determined by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was mostly higher than the viable DG cells recovered. Viable count experiments, carried out by combining ad hoc culture-based discriminative conditions and strain-specific molecular biological protocols, unambiguously demonstrated that L. paracasei DG can survive gastrointestinal transit in healthy adults when ingested as Enterolactis in drinkable vials containing no less than one billion CFU at the end of shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Arioli
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ranjan Koirala
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Taverniti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Walter Fiore
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Sofar S.p.A., Trezzano Rosa, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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