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Imprialos KP, Bouloukou S, Kerpiniotis G, Katsimardou A, Patoulias D, Bakogiannis C, Faselis C. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Essential and Resistant Hypertension. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5500-5507. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190306163310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are a second-line class of antihypertensive drugs,
which have been accounted for as the optimal add-on therapy in the triple algorithm for the management of resistant
hypertension.
Objectives:
To assess the effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in the treatment of patients with essential
hypertension and resistant hypertension.
Method:
We conducted a meticulous review of the literature and comprehensive identification of the clinical
trials assessing the efficacy of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in individuals with primary and resistant
hypertension.
Results:
MRAs have been thoroughly tested in several clinical studies in relevance to blood pressure lowering
effects, over the last six decades. Accumulating data observed that MRAs resulted in a significant reduction in
blood pressure level in patients with resistant hypertension. In addition, spironolactone was found to beneficially
affect the management of resistant hypertension.
Conclusion:
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists exert a significant antihypertensive effect. Future welldesigned
randomized controlled studies are greatly needed to address crucial clinical aspects in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos P. Imprialos
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Bouloukou
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Kerpiniotis
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Katsimardou
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Patoulias
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantinos Bakogiannis
- Third Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charles Faselis
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20422, United States
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