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Sunil M, Karimi P, Leong R, Zuniga-Villanueva G, Ratcliffe EM. Therapeutic Effects of Medicinal Cannabinoids on the Gastrointestinal System in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022; 7:769-776. [PMID: 36219741 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in cannabis legalization have generated interest in medicinal cannabinoids for therapeutic uses, including those that target the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These effects are mediated through interactions with the endocannabinoid system. Given the increasing societal awareness of the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids, it is important to ensure pediatric representation in clinical studies investigating cannabinoid use. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy of medicinal cannabinoids in treating GI symptoms in pediatric patients. A literature search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was performed from inception until June 23, 2020. Study design, patient characteristics, type, dose and duration of medicinal cannabinoid therapy, and GI outcomes were extracted. From 7303 records identified, 5 studies met all inclusion criteria. Included studies focused on chemotherapy-induced nausea, inflammatory bowel disease, and GI symptoms associated with severe complex motor disorders. Results varied based on the symptom being treated, the type of cannabinoid, and the patient population. Medicinal cannabinoids may have a potential role in treating specific GI symptoms in specific patient populations. The limited number and heterogenicity of included studies highlight the demand for future research to distinguish effects among different cannabinoid types and patient populations and to examine drug interactions. As interest increases, higher quality studies are needed to understand the efficacy of cannabinoids as a pediatric GI treatment and whether these benefits outweigh the associated risks (Registration Number: PROSPERO CRD42020202486).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sunil
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parsa Karimi
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell Leong
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregorio Zuniga-Villanueva
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Elyanne M Ratcliffe
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Pesce M, Seguella L, Del Re A, Lu J, Palenca I, Corpetti C, Rurgo S, Sanseverino W, Sarnelli G, Esposito G. Next-Generation Probiotics for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105466. [PMID: 35628274 PMCID: PMC9141965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered probiotics represent a cutting-edge therapy in intestinal inflammatory disease (IBD). Genetically modified bacteria have provided a new strategy to release therapeutically operative molecules in the intestine and have grown into promising new therapies for IBD. Current IBD treatments, such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, are associated with relevant side effects and a significant proportion of patients are dependent on these therapies, thus exposing them to the risk of relevant long-term side effects. Discovering new and effective therapeutic strategies is a worldwide goal in this research field and engineered probiotics could potentially provide a viable solution. This review aims at describing the proceeding of bacterial engineering and how genetically modified probiotics may represent a promising new biotechnological approach in IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Pesce
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (S.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.R.); (I.P.); (C.C.); (G.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4991-2948
| | - Alessandro Del Re
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.R.); (I.P.); (C.C.); (G.E.)
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China;
| | - Irene Palenca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.R.); (I.P.); (C.C.); (G.E.)
| | - Chiara Corpetti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.R.); (I.P.); (C.C.); (G.E.)
| | - Sara Rurgo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (S.R.); (G.S.)
| | | | - Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (S.R.); (G.S.)
- Nextbiomics S.r.l., 80100 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.R.); (I.P.); (C.C.); (G.E.)
- Nextbiomics S.r.l., 80100 Naples, Italy;
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3
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O’Brien K. Cannabidiol (CBD) in Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040885. [PMID: 35205633 PMCID: PMC8869992 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main constituents of the plant Cannabis sativa. Surveys suggest that medicinal cannabis is popular amongst people diagnosed with cancer. CBD is one of the key constituents of cannabis, and does not have the potentially intoxicating effects that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the other key phytocannabinoid has. Research indicates the CBD may have potential for the treatment of cancer, including the symptoms and signs associated with cancer and its treatment. Preclinical research suggests CBD may address many of the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of cancers. Preclinical and clinical research also suggests some evidence of efficacy, alone or in some cases in conjunction with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, the other key phytocannabinoid in cannabis), in treating cancer-associated pain, anxiety and depression, sleep problems, nausea and vomiting, and oral mucositis that are associated with cancer and/or its treatment. Studies also suggest that CBD may enhance orthodox treatments with chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy and protect against neural and organ damage. CBD shows promise as part of an integrative approach to the management of cancer. Abstract The plant Cannabis sativa has been in use medicinally for several thousand years. It has over 540 metabolites thought to be responsible for its therapeutic effects. Two of the key phytocannabinoids are cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Unlike THC, CBD does not have potentially intoxicating effects. Preclinical and clinical research indicates that CBD has a wide range of therapeutic effects, and many of them are relevant to the management of cancer. In this article, we explore some of the potential mechanisms of action of CBD in cancer, and evidence of its efficacy in the integrative management of cancer including the side effects associated with its treatment, demonstrating its potential for integration with orthodox cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie O’Brien
- Adelaide Campus, Torrens University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- NICM Health Research Centre, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Releaf Group Ltd., St Kilda, VIC 3182, Australia
- International College of Cannabinoid Medicine, iccm.co, London N1 7GU, UK
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4
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Schiano Moriello A, Di Marzo V, Petrosino S. Mutual Links between the Endocannabinoidome and the Gut Microbiome, with Special Reference to Companion Animals: A Nutritional Viewpoint. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030348. [PMID: 35158670 PMCID: PMC8833664 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that perturbation of the gut microbiome, known as “dysbiosis”, is associated with the pathogenesis of human and veterinary diseases that are not restricted to the gastrointestinal tract. In this regard, recent studies have demonstrated that dysbiosis is linked to the pathogenesis of central neuroinflammatory disorders, supporting the existence of the so-called microbiome-gut-brain axis. The endocannabinoid system is a recently recognized lipid signaling system and termed endocannabinoidome monitoring a variety of body responses. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that a profound link exists between the gut microbiome and the endocannabinoidome, with mutual interactions controlling intestinal homeostasis, energy metabolism and neuroinflammatory responses during physiological conditions. In the present review, we summarize the latest data on the microbiome-endocannabinoidome mutual link in health and disease, focalizing the attention on gut dysbiosis and/or altered endocannabinoidome tone that may distort the bidirectional crosstalk between these two complex systems, thus leading to gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases (e.g., idiopathic inflammation, chronic enteropathies and obesity) as well as neuroinflammatory disorders (e.g., neuropathic pain and depression). We also briefly discuss the novel possible dietary interventions based not only on probiotics and/or prebiotics, but also, and most importantly, on endocannabinoid-like modulators (e.g., palmitoylethanolamide) for intestinal health and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Schiano Moriello
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.M.); (V.D.M.)
- Epitech Group SpA, Via Einaudi 13, 35030 Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.M.); (V.D.M.)
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, CRIUCPQ and INAF, Centre NUTRISS, Faculties of Medicine and Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebéc City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Stefania Petrosino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.M.); (V.D.M.)
- Epitech Group SpA, Via Einaudi 13, 35030 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
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5
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Frattale I, Ruscitto C, Papetti L, Ursitti F, Sforza G, Moavero R, Ferilli MAN, Tarantino S, Balestri M, Vigevano F, Mazzone L, Valeriani M. Migraine and Its Equivalents: What Do They Share? A Narrative Review on Common Pathophysiological Patterns. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1392. [PMID: 34947923 PMCID: PMC8705894 DOI: 10.3390/life11121392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is the first in order of frequency of the neurological disorders, affecting both adult and paediatric populations. It is also the first cause of primary headaches in children. Migraine equivalents are periodic disorders that can be associated with migraine or considered as prognostic features of a future migraine manifestation. Despite the mechanisms underlying migraine and its equivalents are not entirely clear, several elements support the hypothesis of common pathophysiological patterns shared by these conditions. The aim of this review is thus to analyze the literature in order to highlight which currently known mechanisms may be common between migraine and its equivalents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Frattale
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Systems Medicine Department, Tor Vergata University, Hospital of Rome, 00165 Rome, Italy; (I.F.); (C.R.); (R.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Claudia Ruscitto
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Systems Medicine Department, Tor Vergata University, Hospital of Rome, 00165 Rome, Italy; (I.F.); (C.R.); (R.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Laura Papetti
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (F.U.); (G.S.); (M.A.N.F.); (S.T.); (M.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Fabiana Ursitti
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (F.U.); (G.S.); (M.A.N.F.); (S.T.); (M.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Giorgia Sforza
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (F.U.); (G.S.); (M.A.N.F.); (S.T.); (M.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Romina Moavero
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Systems Medicine Department, Tor Vergata University, Hospital of Rome, 00165 Rome, Italy; (I.F.); (C.R.); (R.M.); (L.M.)
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (F.U.); (G.S.); (M.A.N.F.); (S.T.); (M.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Michela Ada Noris Ferilli
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (F.U.); (G.S.); (M.A.N.F.); (S.T.); (M.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Samuela Tarantino
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (F.U.); (G.S.); (M.A.N.F.); (S.T.); (M.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Martina Balestri
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (F.U.); (G.S.); (M.A.N.F.); (S.T.); (M.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Federico Vigevano
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (F.U.); (G.S.); (M.A.N.F.); (S.T.); (M.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Luigi Mazzone
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Systems Medicine Department, Tor Vergata University, Hospital of Rome, 00165 Rome, Italy; (I.F.); (C.R.); (R.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Massimiliano Valeriani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (F.U.); (G.S.); (M.A.N.F.); (S.T.); (M.B.); (F.V.)
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark
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6
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Giorgi V, Marotto D, Batticciotto A, Atzeni F, Bongiovanni S, Sarzi-Puttini P. Cannabis and Autoimmunity: Possible Mechanisms of Action. Immunotargets Ther 2021; 10:261-271. [PMID: 34322454 PMCID: PMC8313508 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s267905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical cannabis (MC) describes the usually inhaled or ingested use of a cannabis plant or cannabis extract for medicinal purposes. The action of whole cannabis plants is extremely complex because their large number of active compounds not only bind to a plethora of different receptors but also interact with each other both synergistically and otherwise. Renewed interest in the medicinal properties of cannabis has led to increasing research into the practical uses of cannabis derivatives, and it has been found that the endocannabinoid system (particularly CB2 receptor activation) is a possible target for the treatment of inflammatory and the autoimmune diseases related to immune cell activation. However, in vivo findings still lack, creating difficulties in applying translational cannabinoid research to human immune functions. In this review, we summarized the main mechanisms of action of medical cannabis plant especially regarding the immune system and the endocannabinoid system, looking at preliminary clinical data in three most important autoimmune diseases of three different specialities: rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Giorgi
- Rheumatology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan University School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Marotto
- Rheumatology Unit, ATS Sardegna, P. Dettori Hospital, Tempio Pausania, Italy
| | - Alberto Batticciotto
- Rheumatology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, ASST Settelaghi, Ospedale Di Circolo - Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy
| | - Fabiola Atzeni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Bongiovanni
- Rheumatology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan University School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini
- Rheumatology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan University School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
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7
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Pesce M, Seguella L, Cassarano S, Aurino L, Sanseverino W, Lu J, Corpetti C, Del Re A, Vincenzi M, Sarnelli G, Esposito G. Phytotherapics in COVID19: Why palmitoylethanolamide? Phytother Res 2021; 35:2514-2522. [PMID: 33296131 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
At present, googling the search terms "COVID-19" and "Functional foods" yields nearly 500,000,000 hits, witnessing the growing interest of the scientific community and the general public in the role of nutrition and nutraceuticals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many compounds have been proposed as phytotherapics in the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19. The extensive interest of the general public and the enormous social media coverage on this topic urges the scientific community to address the question of whether which nutraceuticals can actually be employed in preventing and treating this newly described coronavirus-related disease. Recently, the Canadian biotech pharma company "FSD Pharma" received the green light from the Food and Drug Administration to design a proof-of-concept study evaluating the effects of ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) in COVID-19 patients. The story of PEA as a nutraceutical to prevent and treat infectious diseases dates back to the 1970s where the molecule was branded under the name Impulsin and was used for its immunomodulatory properties in influenza virus infection. The present paper aims at analyzing the potential of PEA as a nutraceutical and the previous evidence suggesting its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties in infectious and respiratory diseases and how these could translate to COVID-19 care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Pesce
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cassarano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Aurino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Jie Lu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Chiara Corpetti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Re
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Vincenzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Esposito G, Corpetti C, Pesce M, Seguella L, Annunziata G, Del Re A, Vincenzi M, Lattanzi R, Lu J, Sanseverino W, Sarnelli G. A Palmitoylethanolamide Producing Lactobacillus paracasei Improves Clostridium difficile Toxin A-Induced Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:639728. [PMID: 33986673 PMCID: PMC8111445 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered probiotics, able to in situ deliver therapeutically active compounds while restoring gut eubiosis, could represent an attractive therapeutic alternative in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Palmitoylethanolamide is an endogenous lipid able to exert immunomodulatory activities and restore epithelial barrier integrity in human models of colitis, by binding the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-α (PPARα). The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of a newly designed PEA-producing probiotic (pNAPE-LP) in a mice model of C. difficile toxin A (TcdA)-induced colitis. The human N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of PEA, was cloned and expressed in a Lactobacillus paracasei that was intragastrically administered to mice 7 days prior the induction of the colitis. Bacteria carrying the empty vector served as negative controls (pLP).In the presence of palmitate, pNAPE-LP was able to significantly increase PEA production by 27,900%, in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. Mice treated with pNAPE-LP showed a significant improvement of colitis in terms of histological damage score, macrophage count, and myeloperoxidase levels (−53, −82, and −70.4%, respectively). This was paralleled by a significant decrease both in the expression of toll-like receptor-4 (−71%), phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (−72%), hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alpha (−53%), p50 (−74%), and p65 (−60%) and in the plasmatic levels of interleukin-6 (−86%), nitric oxide (−59%), and vascular endothelial growth factor (−71%). Finally, tight junction protein expression was significantly improved by pNAPE-LP treatment as witnessed by the rescue of zonula occludens-1 (+304%), Ras homolog family member A-GTP (+649%), and occludin expression (+160%). These protective effects were mediated by the specific release of PEA by the engineered probiotic as they were abolished in PPARα knockout mice and in wild-type mice treated with pLP. Herein, we demonstrated that pNAPE-LP has therapeutic potential in CDI by inhibiting colonic inflammation and restoring tight junction protein expression in mice, paving the way to next generation probiotics as a promising strategy in CDI prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Nextbiomics S.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Corpetti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Pesce
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Gastroenterology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Re
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Vincenzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Gastroenterology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Nextbiomics S.r.l., Naples, Italy.,UNESCO Chair Staff Member, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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9
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Esposito G, Pesce M, Seguella L, Lu J, Corpetti C, Del Re A, De Palma FDE, Esposito G, Sanseverino W, Sarnelli G. Engineered Lactobacillus paracasei Producing Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) Prevents Colitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062945. [PMID: 33799405 PMCID: PMC7999950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an N-acylethanolamide produced on-demand by the enzyme N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-preferring phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD). Being a key member of the larger family of bioactive autacoid local injury antagonist amides (ALIAmides), PEA significantly improves the clinical and histopathological stigmata in models of ulcerative colitis (UC). Despite its safety profile, high PEA doses are required in vivo to exert its therapeutic activity; therefore, PEA has been tested only in animals or human biopsy samples, to date. To overcome these limitations, we developed an NAPE-PLD-expressing Lactobacillus paracasei F19 (pNAPE-LP), able to produce PEA under the boost of ultra-low palmitate supply, and investigated its therapeutic potential in a murine model of UC. The coadministration of pNAPE-LP and palmitate led to a time-dependent release of PEA, resulting in a significant amelioration of the clinical and histological damage score, with a significantly reduced neutrophil infiltration, lower expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers, and a markedly improved epithelial barrier integrity. We concluded that pNAPE-LP with ultra-low palmitate supply stands as a new method to increase the in situ intestinal delivery of PEA and as a new therapeutic able of controlling intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.E.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (A.D.R.)
- Nextbiomics S.R.L., 80100 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marcella Pesce
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.E.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning 110122, China;
| | - Chiara Corpetti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.E.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Alessandro Del Re
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.E.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Fatima Domenica Elisa De Palma
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a r.l., Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | | | - Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.E.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (A.D.R.)
- Nextbiomics S.R.L., 80100 Naples, Italy;
- UNESCO Chair Staff Member, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0817463488
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Gigante I, Tutino V, Russo F, De Nunzio V, Coletta S, Armentano R, Crovace A, Caruso MG, Orlando A, Notarnicola M. Cannabinoid Receptors Overexpression in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) after Treatment with a Ketogenic Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2880. [PMID: 33809047 PMCID: PMC7999285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of a ketogenic diet (KD) has been considered therapeutic in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which a low-carbohydrate diet, such as KD, can improve gastrointestinal symptoms and functions in an animal model of IBS by evaluating possible changes in intestinal tissue expression of endocannabinoid receptors. In rats fed a KD, we detected a significant restoration of cell damage to the intestinal crypt base, a histological feature of IBS condition, and upregulation of CB1 and CB2 receptors. The diet also affected glucose metabolism and intestinal membrane permeability, with an overexpression of the glucose transporter GLUT1 and tight junction proteins in treated rats. The present data suggest that CB receptors represent one of the molecular pathways through which the KD works and support possible cannabinoid-mediated protection at the intestinal level in the IBS rats after dietary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Gigante
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy; (I.G.); (V.T.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Valeria Tutino
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy; (I.G.); (V.T.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Francesco Russo
- Laboratory of Nutritional Pathophysiology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy; (F.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Valentina De Nunzio
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy; (I.G.); (V.T.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Sergio Coletta
- Histopathology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy; (S.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Raffaele Armentano
- Histopathology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy; (S.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Alberto Crovace
- Animal Facility, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy;
| | - Maria Gabriella Caruso
- Ambulatory of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy;
| | - Antonella Orlando
- Laboratory of Nutritional Pathophysiology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy; (F.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Maria Notarnicola
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy; (I.G.); (V.T.); (V.D.N.)
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11
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Pai AY, Wenziger C, Streja E, Argueta DA, DiPatrizio NV, Rhee CM, Vaziri ND, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Piomelli D, Moradi H. Impact of Circulating N-Acylethanolamine Levels with Clinical and Laboratory End Points in Hemodialysis Patients. Am J Nephrol 2021; 52:59-68. [PMID: 33601382 DOI: 10.1159/000513381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with ESRD on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are particularly susceptible to dysregulation of energy metabolism, which may manifest as protein energy wasting and cachexia. In recent years, the endocannabinoid system has been shown to play an important role in energy metabolism with potential relevance in ESRD. N-acylethanolamines are a class of fatty acid amides which include the major endocannabinoid ligand, anandamide, and the endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α agonists, oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA). METHODS Serum concentrations of OEA and PEA were measured in MHD patients and their correlations with various clinical/laboratory indices were examined. Secondarily, we evaluated the association of circulating PEA and OEA levels with 12-month all-cause mortality. RESULTS Both serum OEA and PEA levels positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and negatively correlated with body fat and body anthropometric measures. Serum OEA levels correlated positively with serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) (rho = 0.19; p = 0.004). Serum PEA and IL-6 showed a similar but nonsignificant trend (rho = 0.12; p = 0.07). Restricted cubic spline analyses showed that increasing serum OEA and PEA both trended toward higher mortality risk, and these associations were statistically significant for PEA (PEA ≥4.7 pmol/mL; reference: PEA <4.7 pmol/mL) after adjustments in a Cox model (hazard ratio 2.99; 95% confidence interval 1.04, 8.64). CONCLUSIONS In MHD patients, OEA and PEA are significantly correlated with variables related to lipid metabolism and body mass. Additionally, higher serum levels of PEA are associated with mortality risk. Future studies are needed to examine the potential mechanisms responsible for these findings and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Y Pai
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Cachet Wenziger
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Elani Streja
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
- Tibor Rubin VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Donovan A Argueta
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Nicholas V DiPatrizio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Connie M Rhee
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
- Tibor Rubin VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hamid Moradi
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA,
- Tibor Rubin VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA,
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12
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Tartakover Matalon S, Azar S, Meiri D, Hadar R, Nemirovski A, Abu Jabal N, Konikoff FM, Drucker L, Tam J, Naftali T. Endocannabinoid Levels in Ulcerative Colitis Patients Correlate With Clinical Parameters and Are Affected by Cannabis Consumption. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:685289. [PMID: 34531823 PMCID: PMC8438407 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.685289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic, idiopathic, inflammatory, gastrointestinal disorders. The endocannabinoid system may have a role in the pathogenesis of IBD. We aimed to assess whether cannabis treatment influences endocannabinoids (eCBs) level and clinical symptoms of IBD patients. METHODS Blood samples and biopsies were taken from IBD patients treated by either cannabis or placebo for 8 weeks. Immunohistochemistry for N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-selective phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) expression was done on colon biopsies, and sample levels of anandamide (AEA), eCB2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), arachidonic acid (AA), palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), and oleoylethanolamine (OEA) were measured in patient's sera before and after cannabis treatment. Caco-2 cells were cultured with extracts of cannabis with/without tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and their proteins extracted, and Western blotting for NAPE-PLD and FAAH expression was done. RESULTS Thirteen patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and nine patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) were treated with cannabis. Seventeen patients with CD and 10 with UC served as placebo groups. In all CD patients, the levels of eCBs remained unaltered during the treatment period. In UC patients treated with placebo, but not in those treated with cannabis, the levels of PEA, AEA, and AA decreased significantly. The percent reduction in bowel movements was negatively correlated with changes observed in the circulating AEA and OEA, whereas improvement in quality of life was positively correlated with the levels of 2-AG. In the biopsies from UC patients, FAAH levels increased over the study period. In Caco-2 cells, both cannabis extracts increased NAPE-PLD levels but reduced FAAH expression levels. CONCLUSION Our study supports the notion that cannabis use affects eCB "tone" in UC patients and may have beneficial effects on disease symptoms in UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Tartakover Matalon
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Shahar Azar
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Meiri
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rivka Hadar
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alina Nemirovski
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Narjes Abu Jabal
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Fred Meir Konikoff
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Liat Drucker
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Timna Naftali
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- *Correspondence: Timna Naftali,
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13
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Śledziński P, Nowak-Terpiłowska A, Zeyland J. Cannabinoids in Medicine: Cancer, Immunity, and Microbial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E263. [PMID: 33383838 PMCID: PMC7795897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing interest in the medical applications of Cannabis plants. They owe their unique properties to a group of secondary metabolites known as phytocannabinoids, which are specific for this genus. Phytocannabinoids, and cannabinoids generally, can interact with cannabinoid receptors being part of the endocannabinoid system present in animals. Over the years a growing body of scientific evidence has been gathered, suggesting that these compounds have therapeutic potential. In this article, we review the classification of cannabinoids, the molecular mechanisms of their interaction with animal cells as well as their potential application in the treatment of human diseases. Specifically, we focus on the research concerning the anticancer potential of cannabinoids in preclinical studies, their possible use in cancer treatment and palliative medicine, as well as their influence on the immune system. We also discuss their potential as therapeutic agents in infectious, autoimmune, and gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases. We postulate that the currently ongoing and future clinical trials should be accompanied by research focused on the cellular and molecular response to cannabinoids and Cannabis extracts, which will ultimately allow us to fully understand the mechanism, potency, and safety profile of cannabinoids as single agents and as complementary drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Śledziński
- Department of Genome Engineering, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-032 Poznan, Poland;
| | | | - Joanna Zeyland
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-632 Poznan, Poland;
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14
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Raucci U, Borrelli O, Di Nardo G, Tambucci R, Pavone P, Salvatore S, Baldassarre ME, Cordelli DM, Falsaperla R, Felici E, Ferilli MAN, Grosso S, Mallardo S, Martinelli D, Quitadamo P, Pensabene L, Romano C, Savasta S, Spalice A, Strisciuglio C, Suppiej A, Valeriani M, Zenzeri L, Verrotti A, Staiano A, Villa MP, Ruggieri M, Striano P, Parisi P. Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome in Children. Front Neurol 2020; 11:583425. [PMID: 33224097 PMCID: PMC7667239 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.583425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS) is an underdiagnosed episodic syndrome characterized by frequent hospitalizations, multiple comorbidities, and poor quality of life. It is often misdiagnosed due to the unappreciated pattern of recurrence and lack of confirmatory testing. CVS mainly occurs in pre-school or early school-age, but infants and elderly onset have been also described. The etiopathogenesis is largely unknown, but it is likely to be multifactorial. Recent evidence suggests that aberrant brain-gut pathways, mitochondrial enzymopathies, gastrointestinal motility disorders, calcium channel abnormalities, and hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in response to a triggering environmental stimulus are involved. CVS is characterized by acute, stereotyped and recurrent episodes of intense nausea and incoercible vomiting with predictable periodicity and return to baseline health between episodes. A distinction with other differential diagnoses is a challenge for clinicians. Although extensive and invasive investigations should be avoided, baseline testing toward identifying organic causes is recommended in all children with CVS. The management of CVS requires an individually tailored therapy. Management of acute phase is mainly based on supportive and symptomatic care. Early intervention with abortive agents during the brief prodromal phase can be used to attempt to terminate the attack. During the interictal period, non-pharmacologic measures as lifestyle changes and the use of reassurance and anticipatory guidance seem to be effective as a preventive treatment. The indication for prophylactic pharmacotherapy depends on attack intensity and severity, the impairment of the QoL and if attack treatments are ineffective or cause side effects. When children remain refractory to acute or prophylactic treatment, or the episode differs from previous ones, the clinician should consider the possibility of an underlying disease and further mono- or combination therapy and psychotherapy can be guided by accompanying comorbidities and specific sub-phenotype. This review was developed by a joint task force of the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP) and Italian Society of Pediatric Neurology (SINP) to identify relevant current issues and to propose future research directions on pediatric CVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Raucci
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Borrelli
- Division of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University College London (UCL) Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Di Nardo
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Tambucci
- Digestive Endoscopy and Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Pavone
- Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Salvatore
- Pediatric Department, Ospedale “F. Del Ponte,” University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | | | - Raffaele Falsaperla
- Neonatal Intensive Care and Pediatric Units, S. Marco Hospital, Vittorio Emanuele Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Felici
- Unit of Pediatrics, The Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Michela Ada Noris Ferilli
- Division of Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Grosso
- Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Saverio Mallardo
- Pediatric Department, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatric Specialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Quitadamo
- Department of Pediatrics, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon, Naples, Italy
| | - Licia Pensabene
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudio Romano
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Spalice
- Child Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, “Sapienza,” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Strisciuglio
- Department of Woman, Child, General and Specialistic Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Naples, Italy
| | - Agnese Suppiej
- Pediatric Section, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Valeriani
- Division of Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Zenzeri
- Emergency Pediatric Department, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Verrotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annamaria Staiano
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Translational Medical Science, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Villa
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martino Ruggieri
- Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
- Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care (IRCCS) “G. Gaslini” Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Pasquale Parisi
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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15
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Sarnelli G, Pesce M, Seguella L, Lu J, Efficie E, Tack J, Elisa De Palma FD, D’Alessandro A, Esposito G. Impaired Duodenal Palmitoylethanolamide Release Underlies Acid-Induced Mast Cell Activation in Functional Dyspepsia. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:841-855. [PMID: 33065341 PMCID: PMC7858681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acid hypersensitivity is claimed to be a symptomatic trigger in functional dyspepsia (FD); however, the neuroimmune pathway(s) and the mediators involved in this process have not been investigated systematically. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous compound, able to modulate nociception and inflammation, but its role in FD has not been assessed. METHODS Duodenal biopsy specimens from FD and control subjects, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) null mice were cultured at a pH of 3.0 and 7.4. Mast cell (MC) number, the release of their mediators, and the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor (TRPV)1 and TRPV4, were evaluated. All measurements also were performed in the presence of a selective blocker of neuronal action potential (tetradotoxin). FD and control biopsy specimens in acidified medium also were incubated in the presence of different PEA concentrations, alone or combined with a selective PPARα or PPAR-γ antagonist. RESULTS An acid-induced increase in MC density and the release of their mediators were observed in both dyspeptic patients and controls; however, this response was amplified significantly in FD. This effect was mediated by submucosal nerve fibers and up-regulation of TRPV1 and TRPV4 receptors because pretreatment with tetradotoxin significantly reduced MC infiltration. The acid-induced endogenous release of PEA was impaired in FD and its exogenous administration counteracts MC activation and TRPV up-regulation. CONCLUSIONS Duodenal acid exposure initiates a cascade of neuronal-mediated events culminating in MC activation and TRPV overexpression. These phenomena are consequences of an impaired release of endogenous PEA. PEA might be regarded as an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Naples, Italy,United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Chair, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Giovanni Sarnelli, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II," Via Pansini 5 80131, Naples, Italy. fax: (39) 0817463892.
| | - Marcella Pesce
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | | | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fatima Domenica Elisa De Palma
- Centro Ingegneria Genetica-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a rl, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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16
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Abstract
Emerging research and clinical data are demonstrating potential benefits of cannabidiol for multiple medical conditions. This article gives healthcare providers information on cannabidiol and the endocannabinoid system as a foundation on which to build their medical knowledge as the risks and benefits of CBD in various diseases are further evaluated over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Christian Cather
- Modern Research AssociatesDallasTexas.,J. Christian Cather MD PLLCDallasTexas
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17
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Palmitoylethanolamide and Related ALIAmides: Prohomeostatic Lipid Compounds for Animal Health and Wellbeing. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7020078. [PMID: 32560159 PMCID: PMC7355440 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtually every cellular process is affected by diet and this represents the foundation of dietary management to a variety of small animal disorders. Special attention is currently being paid to a family of naturally occurring lipid amides acting through the so-called autacoid local injury antagonism, i.e., the ALIA mechanism. The parent molecule of ALIAmides, palmitoyl ethanolamide (PEA), has being known since the 1950s as a nutritional factor with protective properties. Since then, PEA has been isolated from a variety of plant and animal food sources and its proresolving function in the mammalian body has been increasingly investigated. The discovery of the close interconnection between ALIAmides and the endocannabinoid system has greatly stimulated research efforts in this field. The multitarget and highly redundant mechanisms through which PEA exerts prohomeostatic functions fully breaks with the classical pharmacology view of “one drug, one target, one disease”, opening a new era in the management of animals’ health, i.e., an according-to-nature biomodulation of body responses to different stimuli and injury. The present review focuses on the direct and indirect endocannabinoid receptor agonism by PEA and its analogues and also targets the main findings from experimental and clinical studies on ALIAmides in animal health and wellbeing.
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18
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Xiao QY, Fang XC, Li XQ, Fei GJ. Ethnic differences in genetic polymorphism associated with irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2049-2063. [PMID: 32536774 PMCID: PMC7267697 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i17.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism is associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in terms of susceptibility and clinical manifestations. Previous studies have shown that genetic polymorphism might play a key role in the onset and progression of IBS by modulating components of its pathogenesis such as the gut-brain axis, gastrointestinal motility, inflammatory activity, and immune status. Although underlying pathophysiological mechanisms have not been fully clarified, the potential ethnic differences that are present in worldwide genetic studies of IBS deserve attention. This review surveyed numerous studies focusing on IBS-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms, and investigated the ethnic disparities revealed by them. The results demonstrate the need for more attention on ethnic factors in IBS-related genetic studies. Taking ethnic backgrounds into accounts and placing emphasis on disparities potentially ascribed to ethnicity could help lay a solid and generalized foundation for transcultural, multi-ethnic, or secondary analyses in IBS, for example, a meta-analysis. Broader genetic studies considering ethnic factors are greatly needed to obtain a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of IBS and to improve the prevention, intervention, and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yun Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiu-Cai Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Gui-Jun Fei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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19
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Martínez V, Iriondo De-Hond A, Borrelli F, Capasso R, del Castillo MD, Abalo R. Cannabidiol and Other Non-Psychoactive Cannabinoids for Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders: Useful Nutraceuticals? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3067. [PMID: 32357565 PMCID: PMC7246936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa is an aromatic annual flowering plant with several botanical varieties, used for different purposes, like the production of fibers, the production of oil from the seeds, and especially for recreational or medical purposes. Phytocannabinoids (terpenophenolic compounds derived from the plant), include the well-known psychoactive cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and many non-psychoactive cannabinoids, like cannabidiol. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) comprises of endocannabinoid ligands, enzymes for synthesis and degradation of such ligands, and receptors. This system is widely distributed in the gastrointestinal tract, where phytocannabinoids exert potent effects, particularly under pathological (i.e., inflammatory) conditions. Herein, we will first look at the hemp plant as a possible source of new functional food ingredients and nutraceuticals that might be eventually useful to treat or even prevent gastrointestinal conditions. Subsequently, we will briefly describe the ECS and the general pharmacology of phytocannabinoids. Finally, we will revise the available data showing that non-psychoactive phytocannabinoids, particularly cannabidiol, may be useful to treat different disorders and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. With the increasing interest in the development of functional foods for a healthy life, the non-psychoactive phytocannabinoids are hoped to find a place as nutraceuticals and food ingredients also for a healthy gastrointestinal tract function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Neurosciences Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Iriondo De-Hond
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (UAM-CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.D.-H.); (M.D.d.C.)
| | - Francesca Borrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
| | - María Dolores del Castillo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (UAM-CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.D.-H.); (M.D.d.C.)
| | - Raquel Abalo
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System NeuGut-URJC, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Campus de Alcorcón, Avda. de Atenas s/n, 28022 Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain;
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20
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Stasiulewicz A, Znajdek K, Grudzień M, Pawiński T, Sulkowska JI. A Guide to Targeting the Endocannabinoid System in Drug Design. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082778. [PMID: 32316328 PMCID: PMC7216112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is one of the most crucial systems in the human organism, exhibiting multi-purpose regulatory character. It is engaged in a vast array of physiological processes, including nociception, mood regulation, cognitive functions, neurogenesis and neuroprotection, appetite, lipid metabolism, as well as cell growth and proliferation. Thus, ECS proteins, including cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands’ synthesizing and degrading enzymes, are promising therapeutic targets. Their modulation has been employed in or extensively studied as a treatment of multiple diseases. However, due to a complex nature of ECS and its crosstalk with other biological systems, the development of novel drugs turned out to be a challenging task. In this review, we summarize potential therapeutic applications for ECS-targeting drugs, especially focusing on promising synthetic compounds and preclinical studies. We put emphasis on modulation of specific proteins of ECS in different pathophysiological areas. In addition, we stress possible difficulties and risks and highlight proposed solutions. By presenting this review, we point out information pivotal in the spotlight of ECS-targeting drug design, as well as provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on ECS-related pharmacodynamics and show possible directions for needed research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Stasiulewicz
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (T.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biological Systems Modelling, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.I.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Znajdek
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biological Systems Modelling, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Grudzień
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomasz Pawiński
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Joanna I. Sulkowska
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biological Systems Modelling, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.I.S.)
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21
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Laezza C, Pagano C, Navarra G, Pastorino O, Proto MC, Fiore D, Piscopo C, Gazzerro P, Bifulco M. The Endocannabinoid System: A Target for Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030747. [PMID: 31979368 PMCID: PMC7037210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the endocannabinoid system has received great interest as a potential therapeutic target in numerous pathological conditions. Cannabinoids have shown an anticancer potential by modulating several pathways involved in cell growth, differentiation, migration, and angiogenesis. However, the therapeutic efficacy of cannabinoids is limited to the treatment of chemotherapy-induced symptoms or cancer pain, but their use as anticancer drugs in chemotherapeutic protocols requires further investigation. In this paper, we reviewed the role of cannabinoids in the modulation of signaling mechanisms implicated in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Laezza
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology, IEOS CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Cristina Pagano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (G.N.); (O.P.)
| | - Giovanna Navarra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (G.N.); (O.P.)
| | - Olga Pastorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (G.N.); (O.P.)
| | - Maria Chiara Proto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (M.C.P.); (D.F.); (C.P.)
| | - Donatella Fiore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (M.C.P.); (D.F.); (C.P.)
| | - Chiara Piscopo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (M.C.P.); (D.F.); (C.P.)
| | - Patrizia Gazzerro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (M.C.P.); (D.F.); (C.P.)
| | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (G.N.); (O.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (M.B.)
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22
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Hu P, Wilhelm J, Gerresheim GK, Shalamova LA, Niepmann M. Lnc-ITM2C-1 and GPR55 Are Proviral Host Factors for Hepatitis C Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11060549. [PMID: 31200545 PMCID: PMC6631246 DOI: 10.3390/v11060549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple host factors are known to play important roles in hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication, in immune responses induced by HCV infection, or in processes that facilitate virus escape from immune clearance, while yet only few studies examined the contribution of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs/lncRs). Using microarrays, we identified lncRNAs with altered expression levels in HCV replicating Huh-7.5 hepatoma cells. Of these, lncR 8(Lnc-ITM2C-1/LOC151484) was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to be upregulated early after HCV infection. After suppressing the expression of lncR 8, HCV RNA and protein were downregulated, confirming a positive correlation between lncR 8 expression and HCV replication. lncR 8 knockdown in Huh-7.5 cells reduced expression of the neighboring gene G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) mRNA level at early times, and leads to increased levels of several Interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) including ISG15, Mx1 and IFITM1. Importantly, the effect of lncR 8 on ISGs and GPR55 precedes its effect on HCV replication. Furthermore, knockdown of GPR55 mRNA induces ISG expression, providing a possible link between lncR 8 and ISGs. We conclude that HCV induces lncR 8 expression, while lncR 8 indirectly favors HCV replication by stimulating expression of its neighboring gene GPR55, which in turn downregulates expression of ISGs. The latter fact is also consistent with an anti-inflammatory role of GPR55. These events may contribute to the failure to eliminate ongoing HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Gesche K Gerresheim
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Lyudmila A Shalamova
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Michael Niepmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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23
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Di Paola M, Bonechi E, Provensi G, Costa A, Clarke G, Ballerini C, De Filippo C, Passani MB. Oleoylethanolamide treatment affects gut microbiota composition and the expression of intestinal cytokines in Peyer's patches of mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14881. [PMID: 30291258 PMCID: PMC6173739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid sensor oleoylethanolamide (OEA), an endogenous high-affinity agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) secreted in the proximal intestine, is endowed with several distinctive homeostatic properties, such as control of appetite, anti-inflammatory activity, stimulation of lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. When administered exogenously, OEA has beneficial effects in several cognitive paradigms; therefore, in all respects, OEA can be considered a hormone of the gut-brain axis. Here we report an unexplored modulatory effect of OEA on the intestinal microbiota and on immune response. Our study shows for the first time that sub-chronic OEA administration to mice fed a normal chow pellet diet, changes the faecal microbiota profile, shifting the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio in favour of Bacteroidetes (in particular Bacteroides genus) and decreasing Firmicutes (Lactobacillus), and reduces intestinal cytokines expression by immune cells isolated from Peyer's patches. Our results suggest that sub-chronic OEA treatment modulates gut microbiota composition towards a "lean-like phenotype", and polarises gut-specific immune responses mimicking the effect of a diet low in fat and high in polysaccharides content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Di Paola
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Elena Bonechi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Universitá di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Gustavo Provensi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Universitá di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessia Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Clara Ballerini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Carlotta De Filippo
- Instituto di Biologia e Biotecnologie Agrarie (IBBA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerce (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - M Beatrice Passani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy.
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