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Wang Y, Hu D, Wan L, Yang S, Liu S, Wang Z, Li J, Li J, Zheng Z, Cheng C, Wang Y, Wang H, Tian X, Chen W, Li S, Zhang J, Zha X, Chen J, Zhang H, Xu KF. GOLM1 Promotes Pulmonary Fibrosis through Upregulation of NEAT1. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 70:178-192. [PMID: 38029327 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0151oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal progressive disease with elusive molecular mechanisms and limited therapeutic options. Aberrant activation of fibroblasts is a central hallmark of lung fibrosis. Here, we report that Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1, also known as GP73 or GOLPH2) was increased in the lungs of patients with pulmonary fibrosis and mice with bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Loss of GOLM1 inhibited proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix deposition of fibroblasts, whereas overexpression of GOLM1 exerted the opposite effects. Similarly, worsening pulmonary fibrosis after BLM treatment was observed in GOLM1-knock-in mice, whereas BLM-treated Golm1-knockout mice exhibited alleviated pulmonary fibrosis and collagen deposition. Furthermore, we identified long noncoding RNA NEAT1 downstream of GOLM1 as a potential mediator of pulmonary fibrosis through increased GOLM1 expression. Depletion of NEAT1 inhibited fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix production and reversed the profibrotic effects of GOLM1 overexpression. Additionally, we identified KLF4 as a downstream mediator of GOLM1 signaling to NEAT1. Our findings suggest that GOLM1 plays a pivotal role in promoting pulmonary fibrosis through the GOLM1-KLF4-NEAT1 signaling axis. Targeting GOLM1 and its downstream pathways may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Danjing Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Linyan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institutes of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institutes of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Song Liu
- Medical Science Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zixi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institutes of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Zhoude Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | | | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institutes of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanghang Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Xinlun Tian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Department of Lung Transplantation, Centre for Lung Transplantation, Centre for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shanqing Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Ji Zhang
- Lung Transplantation Center, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaojun Zha
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Lung Transplantation Center, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institutes of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Feng Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
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Wang J, Wang F, Wang N, Zhang MY, Wang HY, Huang GL. Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Protein Post-translational Modifications in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1192-1200. [PMID: 37577238 PMCID: PMC10412711 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00006s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with high incidence and cancer mortality worldwide. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins have a great impact on protein function. Almost all proteins can undergo PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, and so on. Many studies have shown that PTMs are related to the occurrence and development of cancers. The findings provide novel therapeutic targets for cancers, such as glypican-3 and mucin-1. Other clinical implications are also found in the studies of PTMs. Diagnostic or prognostic value, and response to therapy have been identified. In HCC, it has been shown that glycosylated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has a higher detection rate for early liver cancer than conventional AFP. In this review, we mainly focused on the diagnostic and prognostic value of PTM, in order to provide new insights into the clinical implication of PTM in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Epigenetics of Dongguan City, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Epigenetics of Dongguan City, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Epigenetics of Dongguan City, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei-Yin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo-Liang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Epigenetics of Dongguan City, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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3
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Frans MT, Kuipers EM, Bianchi F, van den Bogaart G. Unveiling the impact of GOLM1/GP73 on cytokine production in cancer and infectious disease. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:727-734. [PMID: 37332154 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The Golgi membrane protein GOLM1/GP73/GOLPH2 has been found to impact cytokine production in both infectious disease and cancer. In viral infections, GOLM1 levels are increased, and this lowers the production of type I interferons and other inflammatory cytokines. However, elevated GOLM1 expression levels due to mutations are linked to a higher production of interleukin (IL)-6 during Candida infections, potentially explaining an increased susceptibility to candidemia in individuals carrying these mutations. In cancer, the protease Furin produces a soluble form of GOLM1 that has oncogenic properties by promoting the production of the chemokine CCL2 and suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and interferon gamma. This review will focus on the role of GOLM1 in cytokine production, highlighting how it can both promote and inhibit cytokine production. It is crucial to understand this in order to effectively target GOLM1 for therapeutic purposes in diseases associated with abnormal cytokine production, including cancer and infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe T Frans
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ella M Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Bianchi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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4
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Hu X, Yuan S, Zhou S, Sun T, Wang C, Ying S, Zhu H, Luo J, Jin H, Liu Y. Golgi-protein 73 facilitates vimentin polymerization in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:3694-3708. [PMID: 37564210 PMCID: PMC10411459 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.85431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Golgi-protein 73 (GP73) is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and, as a secretory protein, it has been proposed as a serum biomarker indicating progression of HCC. The underlying mechanism by which GP73 may promote HCC metastasis is still poorly understood. In this study, we discovered that GP73 interacted with vimentin to facilitate Serine/Threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha (PP1A)-mediated dephosphorylation of vimentin at S56 and facilitated vimentin polymerization, which blocked vimentin degradation via TRIM56-mediated ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent pathway. Strikingly, Clomipramine, a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (5-HTR) agonist approved for the treatment of depression, impaired GP73-mediated vimentin polymerization to effectively inhibit metastasis of HCC with high GP73 expression, which provided a new strategy against HCC metastasis. Lastly, it was found that serum GP73 (sGP73) correlated positively with vimentin in primary tissues of HCC, suggesting that sGP73 might serve as a potential serum biomarker for companion diagnosis of HCC with highly expressed vimentin. In summary, this study reveals the process of GP73-mediated vimentin polymerization and proves that Clomipramine serves as a potential drug targeting vimentin for metastatic HCC patients with high sGP73 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Hu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shijin Yuan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sining Zhou
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang 322100, China
| | - Shilong Ying
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Heping Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingfeng Luo
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Shahini E, Pasculli G, Solimando AG, Tiribelli C, Cozzolongo R, Giannelli G. Updating the Clinical Application of Blood Biomarkers and Their Algorithms in the Diagnosis and Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054286. [PMID: 36901717 PMCID: PMC10001986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common primary liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its mortality rate is increasing globally. The overall 5-year survival of patients with liver cancer is currently 10-20%. Moreover, because early diagnosis can significantly improve prognosis, which is highly correlated with tumor stage, early detection of HCC is critical. International guidelines advise using α-FP biomarker with/without ultrasonography for HCC surveillance in patients with advanced liver disease. However, traditional biomarkers are sub-optimal for risk stratification of HCC development in high-risk populations, early diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment response prediction. Since about 20% of HCCs do not produce α-FP due to its biological diversity, combining α-FP with novel biomarkers can enhance HCC detection sensitivity. There is a chance to offer promising cancer management methods in high-risk populations by utilizing HCC screening strategies derived from new tumor biomarkers and prognostic scores created by combining biomarkers with distinct clinical parameters. Despite numerous efforts to identify molecules as potential biomarkers, there is no single ideal marker in HCC. When combined with other clinical parameters, the detection of some biomarkers has higher sensitivity and specificity in comparison with a single biomarker. Therefore, newer biomarkers and models, such as the Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of Alpha-fetoprotein (α-FP), α-FP-L3, Des-γ-carboxy-prothrombin (DCP or PIVKA-II), and the GALAD score, are being used more frequently in the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. Notably, the GALAD algorithm was effective in HCC prevention, particularly for cirrhotic patients, regardless of the cause of their liver disease. Although the role of these biomarkers in surveillance is still being researched, they may provide a more practical alternative to traditional imaging-based surveillance. Finally, looking for new diagnostic/surveillance tools may help improve patients' survival. This review discusses the current roles of the most used biomarkers and prognostic scores that may aid in the clinical management of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endrit Shahini
- Gastroenterology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0804994249
| | - Giuseppe Pasculli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Guido Baccelli Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-(DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Cozzolongo
- Gastroenterology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Director, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
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Bongolo CC, Thokerunga E, Yan Q, Yacouba MBM, Wang C. Exosomes Derived from microRNA-27a-3p Overexpressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit the Progression of Liver Cancer through Suppression of Golgi Membrane Protein 1. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:9748714. [PMID: 36530488 PMCID: PMC9750777 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9748714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant health burden to date. Its early diagnosis and treatment are complicated by the lack of early diagnosis markers and multidrug resistance. microRNA regulation of HCC oncogenes are among the new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies being explored, although the mode of delivery of a therapeutic dose of the miRNA remains a challenge. In this study, we explored the use of exosomes from umbilical mesenchymal stem cells transfected with miR-27a-3p to interact with the oncogene GOLM1 in HCC and inhibit HCC progression both in vitro and in vivo. We first determined and compared the expression levels of miR-27a-3p in blood, various cell lines and tissues of HCC and their corresponding normal controls. We then employed bioinformatics analysis to determine the gene target for miR-27a-3p in HCC and later transfected upregulated miR-27a-3p in mesenchymal stem cells, and treated HCC cells with exosomes extracted from the transfected stem cells. We then created mouse models of HCC using balbc/nude mice and equally treated them with exosomes from miR-27a-3p transfected stem cells. The results showed that miR-27a-3p is downregulated in blood, cell lines, and tissues of HCC patients compared to normal controls. Exosomes from the miR-27a-3p transfected mesenchymal stem cells prevented HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Upregulation of miR-27a-3p prevented HCC through interacting with and downregulating GOLM1 as its target oncogene. In conclusion, miR-27a-3p is a potential therapeutic target for HCC acting through GOLM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cedric Bongolo
- Wuhan Sheba Precision Medical Technology Co. Ltd., Wuhan, 430022 Hubei, China
- Department & Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 43007, China
| | - Erick Thokerunga
- Department & Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 43007, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, 1410 Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Qian Yan
- Wuhan Sheba Precision Medical Technology Co. Ltd., Wuhan, 430022 Hubei, China
| | | | - Chao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases in Hubei Province, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Integrative Analysis Reveals the Potential Role and Prognostic Value of GOLM1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8284500. [PMID: 36211823 PMCID: PMC9535134 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8284500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) is closely associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) vascular invasion. How GOLM1 may be involved in angiogenesis in HCC remains unclear. We explored how GOLM1 promotes angiogenesis in HCC and potential prognostic value. Expression levels of GOLM1 in HCC patients and healthy controls were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HCC patients and controls were compared. GOLM1 was knocked out in the HCC cell line, and RNA sequencing and DEG expression analysis were performed compared with control cells. Based on TCGA data and cell line RNA sequencing data, DEGs affected by a high expression of GOLM1 were identified. Subsequently, enrichment analysis was performed to explore the functions and pathways of the DEGs affected by a high expression of GOLM1. A relevant network analysis was built. Cox regression, genomic variance analysis scores, minimum absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, and random forest regression models were applied to determine the best prognostic model and validated using the GSE54236 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We determined the effect of GOLM1 expression on immune cell infiltration in liver cancer. GOLM1 was overexpressed in HCC tissues compared with controls, and its level correlated with tumor purity and prognosis. 400 DEGs affected by highly expressed GOLM1 were identified in TCGA and cell line RNA sequencing data. Enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs may be related to biological processes of oxidative stress and angiogenesis and involved in the VEGF signaling pathway and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. We predicted a comprehensive regulatory network in which GOLM1 activated VEGF signaling to promote HCC angiogenesis. GOLM1 may interact with E2F1 and IGF2BP3 to promote angiogenesis. GOLM1 overexpression was associated with greater immune cell infiltration. A random forest regression model was the best prognostic model. Our study reveals a potential molecular mechanism of GOLM1 in promoting HCC. We developed two prognostic models based on DEG associated with GOLM1 overexpression to help stratify HCC prognosis and improve individualized treatment.
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Loosen SH, Halpaap J, Labuhn S, Bednarsch J, Alizai PH, Roeth AA, Lang SA, Vucur M, Kather JN, Knoefel WT, Ulmer TF, Neumann UP, Roderburg C, Luedde T. Golgi Protein 73 (GP73) Serum Levels Predict Outcome after Resection of Biliary Tract Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184428. [PMID: 36139589 PMCID: PMC9497317 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Biliary tract cancer (BTC) represents a rare liver malignancy with unfavorable outcome. It is often challenging to identify the ideal surgical candidates and present stratification algorithms are rarely based on the individual tumor biology. In the present manuscript, we evaluated a role of serum Golgi protein 73 (GP73) in patients with resectable BTC. We could show that elevated levels of GP73 before surgery identified a subgroup of BTC patients with a significantly reduced overall survival after tumor resection. Therefore, measurement of GP73 serum levels might become a novel tool in the challenging preoperative stratification process of patients with resectable BTC. Abstract Background: Tumor resection represents the only potentially curative therapy for patients with biliary tract cancer. Nevertheless, disease recurrence is observed in about 50% of patients, leading to a 5-years survival rate of less than 50%. The Golgi protein 73 (GP73), a type II Golgi transmembrane protein, exerts important functions of intracellular protein processing and transportation. Circulating GP73 has recently been suggested as a prognostic marker following resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but its role in the context of BTC has remained unknown. In this study, we evaluate a potential role of circulating GP73 as a novel biomarker in patients with resectable BTC. Methods: GP73 serum levels were measured by immunoassay in n = 97 BTC and n = 40 HCC patients as well as n = 31 healthy controls. Results were correlated with clinical data. Results: Serum GP73 levels were significantly elevated in BTC patients compared to healthy controls but lower compared to HCC patients. The combination of GP73/CA19-9 showed a sensitivity and specificity of 83.5% and 90.3% regarding the differentiation of BTC patients and healthy controls. BTC patients with baseline GP73 levels above the ideal cut-off value (42.47 ng/mL) showed a significantly reduced median overall survival (193 days) compared to patients with preoperative GP73 levels below this cut-off (882 days). These results were confirmed in uni- and multivariate Cox-regression analysis including several clinicopathological parameters such as age, ECOG performance status, tumor stage as well as established tumor markers and parameters of liver and kidney function. Conclusions: GP73 represents a previously unrecognized biomarker in the patients with resectable BTC that identifies patients with an impaired postoperative outcome. If larger clinical trials confirmed these findings, measurement of GP73 serum levels might become a novel tool in the challenging preoperative stratification process of patients with resectable BTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven H. Loosen
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.H.L.); (T.L.); Tel.: +49-211-81-16630 (S.H.L. & T.L.); Fax: +49-211-81-04489 (S.H.L. & T.L.)
| | - Justus Halpaap
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon Labuhn
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Bednarsch
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick H. Alizai
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anjali A. Roeth
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven A. Lang
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jakob N. Kather
- Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfram T. Knoefel
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tom F. Ulmer
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf P. Neumann
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.H.L.); (T.L.); Tel.: +49-211-81-16630 (S.H.L. & T.L.); Fax: +49-211-81-04489 (S.H.L. & T.L.)
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9
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Spano D, Colanzi A. Golgi Complex: A Signaling Hub in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:1990. [PMID: 35805075 PMCID: PMC9265605 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi Complex is the central hub in the endomembrane system and serves not only as a biosynthetic and processing center but also as a trafficking and sorting station for glycoproteins and lipids. In addition, it is an active signaling hub involved in the regulation of multiple cellular processes, including cell polarity, motility, growth, autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, DNA repair and stress responses. As such, the dysregulation of the Golgi Complex-centered signaling cascades contributes to the onset of several pathological conditions, including cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the signaling pathways regulated by the Golgi Complex and implicated in promoting cancer hallmarks and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Spano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute for Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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10
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Hey S, Ratt A, Linder S. There and back again: Intracellular trafficking, release and recycling of matrix metalloproteinases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119189. [PMID: 34973301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that are involved in a large variety of proteolytic processes in physiological and pathological scenarios, including immune cell surveillance, tissue homeostasis, or tumor cell metastasis. This is based on their ability to cleave a plethora of substrates that include components of the extracellular matrix, but also cell surface-associated and intracellular proteins. Accordingly, a tight regulatory web has evolved that closely regulates spatiotemporal activity of specific MMPs. An often underappreciated mechanism of MMP regulation involves their trafficking to and from specific subcellular sites that require MMP activity only for a certain period. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of MMP intracellular trafficking, their secretion or surface exposure, as well as their recycling back from the cell surface. We discuss molecular mechanisms that enable these steps, in particular microtubule-dependent motility of vesicles that is driven by molecular motors and directed by vesicle regulatory proteins. Finally, we also point out open questions in the field of MMP motility that may become important in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Hey
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Artur Ratt
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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11
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Liu Y, Hu X, Liu S, Zhou S, Chen Z, Jin H. Golgi Phosphoprotein 73: The Driver of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:783860. [PMID: 34950590 PMCID: PMC8688837 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.783860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi phosphoprotein 73 (GP73, also termed as GOLM1 or GOLPH2) is a glycosylated protein residing on cis-Golgi cisternae and highly expressed in various types of cancer tissues. Since GP73 is a secretory protein and detectable in serum derived from cancer patients, it has been regarded as a novel serum biomarker for the diagnosis of different cancers, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the functional roles of GP73 in cancer development are still poorly understood. In recent years, it has been discovered that GP73 acts as a multifunctional protein-facilitating cancer progression, and strikingly, it has been identified as a leading factor promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells and causing cancer metastasis. In this review, we have overviewed the latest findings of the functional roles of GP73 in elevating cancer progression, especially in facilitating EMT and cancer metastasis through modulating expression, transactivation, and trafficking of EMT-related proteins. In addition, unsolved research fields of GP73 have been lightened, which might be helpful to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of GP73 on EMT and provide potential approaches in therapeutics against cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyang Hu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyao Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sining Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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GP73-mediated secretion of AFP and GP73 promotes proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:69. [PMID: 34650031 PMCID: PMC8516944 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi protein 73 (GP73) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and their serum levels correlate with patients’ outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying these correlations are unknown. Here we show that GP73 increased the secretion of AFP through direct binding to AFP, thereby promoting the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells that expressed AFP and its receptor (AFPR). Extracellular GP73 contributed to the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells independent of AFP and AFPR. Moreover, extracellular AFP and GP73 synergized to enhance the malignant phenotype of HCC cells. Furthermore, extracellular GP73 and AFP inhibited the antitumor effects of sorafenib and synergistically increased the drug resistance of HCC cells. These findings, which reveal the mechanism of GP73-mediated secretion of AFP and its effects on the malignant phenotype of HCC cells, provide a comprehensive theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC and identify potential drug targets.
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13
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Pérez-Rodriguez S, Wulff T, Voldborg BG, Altamirano C, Trujillo-Roldán MA, Valdez-Cruz NA. Compartmentalized Proteomic Profiling Outlines the Crucial Role of the Classical Secretory Pathway during Recombinant Protein Production in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12439-12458. [PMID: 34056395 PMCID: PMC8154153 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Different cellular processes that contribute to protein production in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been previously investigated by proteomics. However, although the classical secretory pathway (CSP) has been well documented as a bottleneck during recombinant protein (RP) production, it has not been well represented in previous proteomic studies. Hence, the significance of this pathway for production of RP was assessed by identifying its own proteins that were associated to changes in RP production, through subcellular fractionation coupled to shot-gun proteomics. Two CHO cell lines producing a monoclonal antibody with different specific productivities were used as cellular models, from which 4952 protein groups were identified, which represent a coverage of 59% of the Chinese hamster proteome. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD021014. By using SAM and ROTS algorithms, 493 proteins were classified as differentially expressed, of which about 80% was proposed as novel targets and one-third were assigned to the CSP. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, unfolded protein response, calcium homeostasis, vesicle traffic, glycosylation, autophagy, proteasomal activity, protein synthesis and translocation into ER lumen, and secretion of extracellular matrix components were some of the affected processes that occurred in the secretory pathway. Processes from other cellular compartments, such as DNA replication, transcription, cytoskeleton organization, signaling, and metabolism, were also modified. This study gives new insights into the molecular traits of higher producer cells and provides novel targets for development of new sub-lines with improved phenotypes for RP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumel Pérez-Rodriguez
- Programa
de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas,
Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología,
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de
México, México
| | - Tune Wulff
- The
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Bjørn G. Voldborg
- The
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Claudia Altamirano
- Laboratorio
de Cultivos Celulares, Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Mauricio A. Trujillo-Roldán
- Programa
de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas,
Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología,
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de
México, México
| | - Norma A. Valdez-Cruz
- Programa
de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas,
Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología,
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de
México, México
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14
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Zong J, Fan Z, Zhang Y. Serum Tumor Markers for Early Diagnosis of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2020; 7:413-422. [PMID: 33376710 PMCID: PMC7755348 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s272762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently occurring pernicious tumors in the world. It is typically very insidious in the early stages with no obvious symptoms. Its development and metastasis are very rapid. Upon diagnosis, most patients have already reached a local advanced stage or have established distant metastases. The treatment of HCC is limited, with poor prognosis and short natural survival time. In order to improve the efficiency of early diagnosis, it is particularly significant to choose economic and effective diagnosis methods. Ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography are usually used in the clinic, but these methods are extremely limited in the diagnosis of HCC. Tumor markers have become the main effective early clinical diagnosis method. Potential serum tumor markers include alpha fetoprotein heterogeneity, Golgi protein 73, phosphatidylinositol proteoglycan (GPC-3), osteopontin, abnormal prothrombin, and heat shock protein. These tumor markers provide new ideas and methods for the diagnosis of HCC. A combination of multiple markers can make up for the deficiency of single marker detection and provide a new strategy for the prognosis and auxiliary diagnosis of HCC. This review introduces protein tumor markers utilized over the past five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zong
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing210009, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian116033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yewei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing210009, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Liewen H, Markuly N, Läubli H, Liu Y, Matter MS, Liewen N, Renner C, Zippelius A, Stenner F. Therapeutic Targeting of Golgi Phosphoprotein 2 (GOLPH2) with Armed Antibodies: A Preclinical Study of Anti-GOLPH2 Antibody Drug Conjugates in Lung and Colorectal Cancer Models of Patient Derived Xenografts (PDX). Target Oncol 2020; 14:577-590. [PMID: 31541350 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-019-00667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Golgi phosphoprotein 2 (GOLPH2) has been shown to be involved in chronic inflammatory processes and carcinogenesis. GOLPH2 is prominently overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, glioblastoma, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancer. With a low and tightly regulated expression in non-malignant tissues, GOLPH2 has been proposed as an attractive target for cancer therapy. However, GOLPH2 is predominantly located intracellularly and when situated outside of the cell it is proteolytically cleaved and shed from the cell surface. Until now, GOLPH2 has been regarded as an "undruggable" target. OBJECTIVE We sought to create antibodies that specifically bind to GOLPH2 overexpressing tumor cells. PATIENTS AND METHODS Antibodies binding to membranous GOLPH2 despite shedding of the protein were generated from a scFV library screening. These antibodies target the part of GOLPH2 that remains at the cell surface after proteolytic cleavage. These antibodies were then tested in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Two candidates (G2-1 and G2-2) showed target specific binding in vitro. Utilizing a tumor array (n = 128 tumors) with G2-2 and a reference antibody, a GOLPH2 expression scoring system was established. Rapid internalization of the antibodies was noted so this was exploited to deliver a toxic payload of pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD). In two patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-models, colorectal and lung cancer, the G2-2 antibody drug conjugate (ADC) displayed high efficacy with significant tumor responses (P = 0.001; P = 0.013) and improved survival (P = 0.0001; P = 0.0011) compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with GOLPH2-directed antibodies induces durable responses in colorectal and lung cancer models. With a robust companion assay for GOLPH2 positivity at hand our findings prepare for the translation into a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Liewen
- Cureab GmbH, Benkenstrasse 254c, Technologiezentrum, 4108, Witterswil, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Markuly
- Cureab GmbH, Benkenstrasse 254c, Technologiezentrum, 4108, Witterswil, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel & Laboratory Cancer Immunology, Department Biomedicine, University Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yang Liu
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel & Laboratory Cancer Immunology, Department Biomedicine, University Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias S Matter
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nora Liewen
- University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Renner
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel & Laboratory Cancer Immunology, Department Biomedicine, University Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel & Laboratory Cancer Immunology, Department Biomedicine, University Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Stenner
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel & Laboratory Cancer Immunology, Department Biomedicine, University Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
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16
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Gao YX, Yang TW, Yin JM, Yang PX, Kou BX, Chai MY, Liu XN, Chen DX. Progress and prospects of biomarkers in primary liver cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 57:54-66. [PMID: 32236573 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers are important in the early screening, diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation, recurrence and prognosis prediction of tumors. Primary liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors; it has high incidence and mortality rates and seriously endangers human health. The main pathological types of primary liver cancer include hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and combined HCC‑cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC‑CC). In the present review, a systematic outline of the current biomarkers of primary liver cancer is presented, from conventional blood biomarkers, histochemical biomarkers and potential biomarkers to resistance‑associated biomarkers. The important relationships are deeply elucidated between biomarkers and diagnosis, prognosis, clinicopathological features and resistance, as well as their clinical significance, in patients with the three main types of primary liver cancer. Moreover, a summary of several important biomarker signaling pathways is provided, which is helpful for studying the biological mechanism of liver cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide help for clinical or medical researchers in the early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xue Gao
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Wang Yang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Ming Yin
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Xiang Yang
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Bu-Xin Kou
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Yin Chai
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ni Liu
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - De-Xi Chen
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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17
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Mansouri V, Razzaghi M, Nikzamir A, Ahmadzadeh A, Iranshahi M, Haghazali M, Hamdieh M. Assessment of liver cancer biomarkers. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2020; 13:S29-S39. [PMID: 33585001 PMCID: PMC7881406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. It is primarily divides into two main types, namely hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) and cholangiocarcinoma (IC). Due to the increasing number of patients with liver cancer and the high mortality rate, early diagnosis of the disease can be helpful in treatment, but most patients are diagnosed atlate stages of HC. The aim of this study is to screen and provide an overview on candidate biomarkers related to primary liver cancer to introduce the critical ones. In this study, various biomarkers related to the diagnosis of primary liver cancer have been studied. Accordingly, biomarkers are divided into different groups as blood biomarkers classified as serum and plasma biomarkers, tissue biomarkers, microRNA biomarkers, proteomic biomarkers and altered genes. Previous researches have focused on liver cells and bile ducts, the surround cellular environment, how cells differentiate, and the types of genes expressed in liver cancer. Some even have focused on the origin of tumor cells and how they differentiate and develop. In all these studies, the expression of specific proteins and genes in liver cancer has been considered. Based on available sources, biomarkers can be considered as candidates to diagnose and prognosis of various types of primary liver cancer, from sources such as blood, tissue, mic-RNA, proteome and genes. However, more investigations are required to introduce a biomarker for precise detection of early liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Mansouri
- Proteomics Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohhamadreza Razzaghi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Nikzamir
- Faculty of Medicine, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ahmadzadeh
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Iranshahi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Haghazali
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hamdieh
- Department of Psychosomatic, Taleghani Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Yang F, Zhang Y, Ren H, Wang J, Shang L, Liu Y, Zhu W, Shi X. Ischemia reperfusion injury promotes recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in fatty liver via ALOX12-12HETE-GPR31 signaling axis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:489. [PMID: 31831037 PMCID: PMC6909624 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) has been shown to increase the risk of tumor recurrence after liver surgery. Also, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with increased HCC recurrence. ALOX12-12-HETE pathway is activated both in liver IRI and NASH. Also, ALOX12-12-HETE has been shown to mediate tumorigenesis and progression. Therefore, our study aims to investigate whether the ALOX12-12-HETE-GPR31 pathway involved in IRI induced HCC recurrence in NAFLD. METHODS HCC mouse model was used to mimic the HCC recurrence in NAFLD. Western Blot, qPCR, Elisa and Immunofluorescence analysis were conducted to evaluate the changes of multiple signaling pathways during HCC recurrence, including ALOX12-12-HETE axis, EMT, MMPs and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. We also measured the expression and functional changes of GPR31 by siRNA. RESULTS ALOX12-12-HETE pathway was activated in liver IRI and its activation was further enhanced in NAFLD, which induced more severe HCC recurrence in fatty livers than normal livers. Inhibition of ALOX12-12-HETE by ML355 reduced the HCC recurrence in fatty livers. In vitro studies showed that 12-HETE increased the expression of GPR31 and induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and matrix metalloprotein (MMPs) by activating PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, knockdown of GPR31 in cancer cells inhibited the HCC recurrence in NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS ALOX12-12-HETE-GPR31 played an important role in HCC recurrence and might be a potential therapeutic target to reduce HCC recurrence after surgery in fatty livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faji Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haozhen Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Longcheng Shang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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19
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Almeida N, Carrara G, Palmeira CM, Fernandes AS, Parsons M, Smith GL, Saraiva N. Stimulation of cell invasion by the Golgi Ion Channel GAAP/TMBIM4 via an H 2O 2-Dependent Mechanism. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101361. [PMID: 31693977 PMCID: PMC6838802 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which the Golgi apparatus (GA) impacts on cell invasion are poorly understood. The human Golgi Anti-Apoptotic Protein (hGAAP, also known as TMBIM4) is a highly conserved Golgi cation channel that modulates intracellular Ca2+ fluxes. Human GAAP is expressed in all human tissues, is essential for cell viability and provides resistance against a range of apoptotic stresses. Furthermore, hGAAP enhances adhesion and cell migration by increasing the turnover of focal adhesions due to activation of store-operated Ca2+ entry. Here, we describe a GA-derived mechanism that controls cell invasion. The overexpression of hGAAP stimulates 3-dimensional proteolytic cell invasion by a mechanism that is dependent on the accumulation of intracellular hydrogen peroxide, which might be produced by the hGAAP-dependent stimulation of mitochondrial respiration. These findings provide new insight into the complex mechanisms by which Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species signaling contribute to cell invasion and to the role of the GA in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Almeida
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, Lisbon, 1749-024, Portugal
| | - Guia Carrara
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana S Fernandes
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, Lisbon, 1749-024, Portugal
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Geoffrey L Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Nuno Saraiva
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, Lisbon, 1749-024, Portugal.
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20
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c-Myc transactivates GP73 and promotes metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through GP73-mediated MMP-7 trafficking in a mildly hypoxic microenvironment. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:58. [PMID: 31591387 PMCID: PMC6779757 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Golgi phosphoprotein 73 (GP73), encoded by GOLM1, is a highly expressed factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and has been regarded for several years as a remarkable serum biomarker for the diagnosis of HCC. Recently, it was found that upregulation of GP73 promotes cancer metastasis, but the mechanism is complex, and it is even unclear how the gene is transactivated in HCC cells. In this study, it was discovered that c-Myc transactivated GP73 in a mildly hypoxic microenvironment and that the activation of c-Myc upregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7). Moreover, it is shown that GP73 interacted with intracellular MMP-7 in the region of the cytoplasmic domain and facilitated the trafficking and secretion of MMP-7, resulting in cell metastasis. This study indicates that GP73 is transactivated by c-Myc and serves as a transporter in the trafficking of intracellular MMP-7 in HCC cells. These findings suggest that GP73 is a potential target for combating metastatic HCC.
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21
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhou S, Shi J, Xu Y, He J, Lin F, Wei A, Zhou L, Chen Z. Knockdown of Golgi phosphoprotein 73 blocks the trafficking of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and inhibits cell invasion. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2399-2409. [PMID: 30677226 PMCID: PMC6433683 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi phosphoprotein 73 (GP73) has been regarded as a novel serum biomarker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in recent years. It has been reported that the upregulation of GP73 may promote the carcinogenesis and metastasis of HCC; however, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, GP73 correlates positively with matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) in HCC‐related cells and tissues. Further studies indicate that the knockdown of GP73 blocks MMP‐2 trafficking and secretion, resulting in cell invasion inhibition. Additionally, the knockdown of GP73 induces the accumulation of intracellular MMP‐2, which inhibits the phosphorylation of Src at Y416 and triggers the inhibition of SAPK/JNK and p53‐p21 signalling pathways through a negative feedback loop. Finally, the transactivation of MMP2 was inhibited by the reduction in E2F1. This study reveals that GP73 plays functional roles in the trafficking and equilibrium of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related secretory proteins and that GP73 serves as a new potential target for combating the metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sining Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jieyao Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia He
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anbang Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linfu Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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