1
|
Schüler J, Vockerodt M, Salehzadeh N, Becker J, Wilting J. Dual Inhibition of PI3 Kinase and MAP Kinase Signaling Pathways in Intrahepatic Cholangiocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Leads to Proliferation Arrest but Not Apoptosis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7395-7410. [PMID: 39057080 PMCID: PMC11276521 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary liver cancer, with increasing incidence worldwide and inadequate therapeutic options. Intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts have distinctly different embryonic origins and developmental behavior, and accordingly, intra- and extrahepatic CCAs (ICC vs. ECC) are molecularly different. A promising strategy in oncotherapy is targeted therapy, targeting proteins that regulate cell survival and proliferation, such as the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Inhibitors of these pathways have been tested previously in CCA cell lines. However, these cell lines could not be clearly assigned to ICC or ECC, and the results indicated apoptosis induction by targeted therapeutics. We tested targeted therapeutics (selumetinib, MK2206) in three defined ICC cell lines (HuH28, RBE, SSP25). We observed additive effects of the dual inhibition of the two pathways, in accordance with the inhibition of phospho-AKT and phospho-ERK1/2 expression. Proliferation was blocked more effectively with dual inhibition than with each single inhibition, but cell numbers did not drop below baseline. Accordingly, we observed G1 phase arrest but not apoptosis or cell death (measured by cleaved caspase-3, AIFM1 regulation, sub-G0/G1 phase). We conclude that the dual inhibition of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways is highly effective to block the proliferation of ICC cell lines in vitro; however, potential clinical applications must be critically examined, as a proliferation block could also induce resistance to standard therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jörg Wilting
- Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical Center Goettingen, GAU, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (J.S.); (M.V.); (N.S.); (J.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qian X, Liu E, Zhang C, Feng R, Tran N, Zhai W, Wang F, Qin Z. Promotion of perineural invasion of cholangiocarcinoma by Schwann cells via nerve growth factor. J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 15:1198-1213. [PMID: 38989424 PMCID: PMC11231841 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-24-309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a highly lethal tumor of the hepatobiliary system originating from bile duct epithelium, can be divided into the intrahepatic, hilar, and extrahepatic types. Due to its insidious onset and atypical early clinical symptoms, the overall prognosis is poor. One of the important factors contributing to the poor prognosis of CCA is the occurrence of perineural invasion (PNI), but the specific mechanisms regarding how it contributes to the occurrence of PNI are still unclear. The main purpose of this study is to explore the molecular mechanism leading to the occurrence of PNI and provide new ideas for clinical treatment. Methods CCA cell lines and Schwann cells (SCs) were stimulated to observe the changes in cell behavior. SCs cocultured with tumor supernatant and SCs cultured in normal medium were subjected to transcriptome sequencing to screen the significantly upregulated genes. Following this, the two types of tumor cells were cultured with SC supernatant, and the changes in behavior of the tumor cells were observed. Nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency disease (NOD-SCID) mice were injected with cell suspension supplemented with nerve growth factor (NGF) via the sciatic nerve. Four weeks later, the mice were euthanized and the tumor sections were removed and stained. Results Nerve invasion by tumor cells was common in CCA tissues. SCs were observed in tumor tissues, and the number of SCs in tumor tissues and the degree of PNI were much higher than were those in normal tissues or tissues without PNI. The overall survival time was shorter in patients with CCA with PNI than in patients without PNI. SCs were enriched in CCA tissues, indicating the presence of PNI and associated with poor prognosis in CCA patients. CCA was found to promote NGF secretion from SCs in vitro. After the addition of exogenous NGF in CCA cell culture medium, the proliferation activity and migration ability of CCA cells were significantly increased, suggesting that SCs can promote the proliferation and migration of CCA through the secretion of NGF. NGF, in turn, was observed to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition in CCA through tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), thus promoting its progression. Tumor growth in mice shows that NGF can promote PNI in CCA. Conclusions In CCA, tumor cells can promote the secretion of NGF by SCs, which promotes the progression of CCA and PNI by binding to its high-affinity receptor TrkA, leading to poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Enchi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruo Feng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nguyen Tran
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wenlong Zhai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Organs, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fazhan Wang
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihai Qin
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang J, Liu F, Liu D, Tang S, Shen D. Exploring SLC16A1 as an Oncogenic Regulator and Therapeutic Target in Cholangiocarcinoma. J Cancer 2024; 15:3794-3808. [PMID: 38911368 PMCID: PMC11190756 DOI: 10.7150/jca.95258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a primary malignant tumor of the liver, typically diagnosed in advanced stages. Surgical resection remains the principal treatment method in clinical practice. Regrettably, the majority of patients receive their diagnosis at an advanced stage, making surgical intervention unfeasible. While chemotherapy serves as the main palliative treatment for advanced CCA, its effectiveness is significantly limited due to the rapid development of chemoresistance. Studying the pathogenesis of CCA and new resistance targets is crucial for improving clinical outcomes. In our current study, we first identified the expression of SLC16A1 in the transcriptome and proteome of human tumors and found abnormal expression of SLC16A1 in various human cancers. Subsequently, we focused our attention on the role of SLC16A1 in CCA. Utilizing bioinformatics analysis, we pioneered the identification of the clinical significance of SLC16A1 in this type of cancer. Specifically, higher expression levels of SLC16A1 were observed in CCA patients with venous invasion and higher T and M stages. Additionally, patients with higher SLC16A1 expression had poorer prognoses. These results suggest the oncogenic role of SLC16A1 in CCA. Further immune infiltration analysis revealed a significant correlation between SLC16A1 and the infiltration levels of cells like neutrophils and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, indicating SLC16A1's potential involvement in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment of CCA. Moreover, results from functional and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that SLC16A1 might affect clinical outcomes in CCA patients by participating in drug metabolism processes. Finally, through further in vitro and in vivo experiments, we confirmed that SLC16A1, as an oncogene in CCA, promotes the growth of CCA cells and chemoresistance. Knocking down SLC16A1 inhibited the growth of CCA cells and enhanced their sensitivity to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Overall, this study reveals the key role of SLC16A1 in the development of CCA and highlights its significance as a potential target for improving treatment efficacy and chemotherapy sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Fahui Liu
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Donghua Liu
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shihang Tang
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Dongyan Shen
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pei F, Tao Z, Lu Q, Fang T, Peng S. Octamer-binding transcription factor 4-positive circulating tumor cell predicts worse treatment response and survival in advanced cholangiocarcinoma patients who receive immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:110. [PMID: 38664770 PMCID: PMC11044354 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-024-03369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Octamer-binding transcription factor 4-positive circulating tumor cell (OCT4+CTC) exhibits high stemness and invasive potential, which may influence the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). This study aimed to assess the prognostic role of OCT4+CTC in advanced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients who received ICI treatment. METHODS In total, 40 advanced CCA patients who received ICI treatment were included, and CTC and OCT4 counts were detected via a Canpatrol system and an RNA in situ hybridization method before ICI treatment. Patients were subsequently divided into none CTC, OCT4-CTC, and OCT4+CTC groups. Patients were followed up for a median of 10.4 months. RESULTS The percentages of patients in none CTC, OCT4-CTC, and OCT4+CTC groups were 25.0%, 30.0%, and 45.0%, respectively. The proportion of patients with lymph node metastasis was highest in OCT4+CTC group, followed by none CTC group, and lowest in OCT4-CTC group (P = 0.025). The objective response rate (ORR) was lowest in OCT4+CTC group, moderate in OCT4-CTC group, and highest in none CTC group (P = 0.009), while disease control rate was not different among three groups (P = 0.293). In addition, progression-free survival (PFS) (P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.001) were shorter in the OCT4+CTC group than in none CTC & OCT4-CTC group. Moreover, OCT4+CTC (versus none CTC) was independently linked with poorer PFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 6.752, P = 0.001] and OS (HR = 6.674, P = 0.003) in advanced CCA patients. CONCLUSION OCT4+CTC relates to lymph node metastasis and shows a good predictive value for poor treatment response and survival in advanced CCA patients who receive ICI treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Pei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, No. 141 Tianjin Road, Huangshi, 435200, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, No. 141 Tianjin Road, Huangshi, 435200, Hubei, China.
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, No. 141 Tianjin Road, Huangshi, 435200, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, No. 141 Tianjin Road, Huangshi, 435200, Hubei, China
| | - Shasha Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, No. 141 Tianjin Road, Huangshi, 435200, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Akita M, Yanagimoto H, Tsugawa D, Zen Y, Fukumoto T. Surgical interpretation of the WHO subclassification of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a narrative review. Surg Today 2024:10.1007/s00595-024-02825-x. [PMID: 38563999 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-024-02825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) has been subclassified by its gross morphology into the mass-forming (MF), periductal-infiltrating (PI), and intraductal growth (IG) types and their combinations. This classification correlates well with clinical features; for example, MF-iCCA has less lymph-node metastasis and a better prognosis than PI-iCCA. According to the recently accumulated evidence from histological investigations, the WHO classification endorsed a subclassification scheme in which iCCA cases are classified into small- and large-duct types. Small-duct iCCA is considered to originate from septal or smaller bile ducts and is characterized by less frequent lymph-node metastasis, a favorable prognosis, and an MF appearance. Large-duct iCCA arises around the second branch of the biliary tree and has more aggressive biology and distinct genetic abnormalities. According to the practice guidelines for iCCA from the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, upfront surgery is recommended for iCCA without distant metastasis regardless of the morphological subtype, based on clinical experience. In consideration of the biological heterogeneity of iCCA, the treatment strategy for iCCA needs to be reconsidered based on the WHO subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Akita
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yanagimoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Tsugawa
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoh Zen
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Takumi Fukumoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tchilikidi KY. Ex vivo liver resection and auto-transplantation and special systemic therapy in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma treatment. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16:635-640. [PMID: 38577079 PMCID: PMC10989340 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i3.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This editorial contains comments on the article "Systematic sequential therapy for ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation: A case report and review of literature" in the recent issue of World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. It points out the actuality and importance of the article and focuses primarily on the role and place of ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation (ELRAT) and systemic therapy, underlying molecular mechanisms for targeted therapy in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) management. pCCA is a tough malignancy with a high proportion of advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. The only curative option is radical surgery. Surgical excision and reconstruction become extremely complicated and not always could be performed even in localized disease. On the other hand, ELRAT takes its place among surgical options for carefully selected pCCA patients. In advanced disease, systemic therapy becomes a viable option to prolong survival. This editorial describes current possibilities in chemotherapy and reveals underlying mechanisms and projections in targeted therapy with kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy in both palliative and adjuvant settings. Fibroblast grow factor and fibroblast grow factor receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and protein kinase cAMP activated catalytic subunit alpha (PRKACA) and beta (PRKACB) pathways have been actively investigated in CCA in last years. Several agents were introduced and approved by the Food and Drug Administration. They all demonstrated meaningful activity in CCA patients with no global change in outcomes. That is why every successfully treated patient counts, especially those with advanced disease. In conclusion, pCCA is still hard to treat due to late diagnosis and extremely complicated surgical options. ELRAT also brings some hope, but it could be performed in very carefully selected patients. Advanced disease requires systemic anticancer treatment, which is supposed to be individualized according to the genetic and molecular features of cancer cells. Targeted therapy in combination with chemo-immunotherapy could be effective in susceptible patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Y Tchilikidi
- Department of Surgery with Postgraduate Education, Altai State Medical University, Barnaul 656031, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Asumda FZ, Campbell NA, Hassan MA, Fathi R, Vasquez Rico DF, Kiem M, Vang EV, Kim YH, Luo X, O’Brien DR, Buhrow SA, Reid JM, Moore MJ, Ben-Yair VK, Levitt ML, Leiting JL, Abdelrahman AM, Zhu X, Lucien F, Truty MJ, Roberts LR. Combined Antitumor Effect of the Serine Protease Urokinase Inhibitor Upamostat and the Sphingosine Kinase 2 Inhibitor Opaganib on Cholangiocarcinoma Patient-Derived Xenografts. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1050. [PMID: 38473407 PMCID: PMC10930726 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Upamostat is an orally available small-molecule serine protease inhibitor that is a highly potent inhibitor of trypsin 1, trypsin 2, trypsin 3 (PRSS1/2/3), and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). These enzymes are expressed in many cancers, especially during tissue remodeling and subsequent tumor cell invasion. Opaganib (ABC294640), a novel, orally available small molecule is a selective inhibitor of the phosphorylation of sphingosine to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S-1-P) by sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2). Both sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and SPHK2 are known to regulate the proliferation-inducing compound S-1-P. However, SPHK2 is more critical in cancer pathogenesis. The goal of this project was to investigate the potential antitumor effects of upamostat and opaganib, individually and in combination, on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) xenografts in nude mice. PAX165, a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) from a surgically resected CCA, expresses substantial levels of SPHK2, PRSS1, PRSS2, and PRSS3. Four groups of 18 mice each were treated with upamostat, opaganib, both, or vehicle. Mouse weights and PAX165 tumor volumes were measured. Tumor volumes in the upamostat, opaganib, and upamostat plus opaganib groups were significantly decreased compared to the control group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faizal Z. Asumda
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Nellie A. Campbell
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (N.A.C.); (M.J.M.); (X.Z.)
| | | | - Reza Fathi
- RedHill Biopharma, Ltd., 21 Ha’arba’a St., Tel Aviv 6473921, Israel; (R.F.); (M.L.L.)
| | | | - Melanie Kiem
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (N.A.C.); (M.J.M.); (X.Z.)
- Study of Human Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ethan V. Vang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (N.A.C.); (M.J.M.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yo Han Kim
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (Y.H.K.); (F.L.)
| | - Xin Luo
- Hepatic Surgery Center and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Daniel R. O’Brien
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Sarah A. Buhrow
- Department of Oncology and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Joel M. Reid
- Department of Oncology and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Michael J. Moore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (N.A.C.); (M.J.M.); (X.Z.)
| | - Vered Katz Ben-Yair
- RedHill Biopharma, Ltd., 21 Ha’arba’a St., Tel Aviv 6473921, Israel; (R.F.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Mark L. Levitt
- RedHill Biopharma, Ltd., 21 Ha’arba’a St., Tel Aviv 6473921, Israel; (R.F.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Jennifer L. Leiting
- Division of Subspecialty General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Amro M. Abdelrahman
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.M.A.); (M.J.T.)
| | - Xinli Zhu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (N.A.C.); (M.J.M.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Fabrice Lucien
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (Y.H.K.); (F.L.)
| | - Mark J. Truty
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.M.A.); (M.J.T.)
| | - Lewis R. Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (N.A.C.); (M.J.M.); (X.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chu Z, Zhang B, Zhou X, Yuan H, Gao C, Liu L, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Hong J, Liang J, Chen D, Yao N. A DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide coupling asparagine depletion restricts FGFR2 fusion-driven intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102047. [PMID: 37869260 PMCID: PMC10589379 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Pemigatinib, a pan-FGFR inhibitor, is approved to treat intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) harboring FGFR2 fusion mutations. Improving its targeting of FGFR2 fusions remains an unmet clinical need due to its pan selectivity and resistance. Here, we report a cholesterol-conjugated DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide targeting the chimeric site in FGFR2-AHCYL1 (F-A Cho-HDO) that accumulates in ICC through endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which is highly expressed in both human and murine ICC. F-A Cho-HDO was determined to be a highly specific, sustainable, and well-tolerated agent for inhibiting ICC progression through posttranscriptional suppression of F-A in ICC patient-derived xenograft mouse models. Moreover, we identified an EGFR-orchestrated bypass signaling axis that partially offset the efficacy of F-A Cho-HDO. Mechanistically, EGFR-induced STAT1 upregulation promoted asparagine (Asn) synthesis through direct transcriptional upregulation of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) and dictated cell survival by preventing p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. Asn restriction with ASNase or ASNS inhibitors reduced the intracellular Asn, thereby reactivating p53 and sensitizing ICC to F-A Cho-HDO. Our findings highlight the application of genetic engineering therapies in ICC harboring FGFR2 fusions and reveal an axis of adaptation to FGFR2 inhibition that presents a rationale for the clinical evaluation of a strategy combining FGFR2 inhibitors with Asn depletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Chu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Baohuan Zhang
- Morphology Experimental Teaching Center, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xuxuan Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516001, China
| | - Chongqing Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Lihao Liu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jichun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jian Hong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Junjie Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Laopachee P, Siripongsakun S, Sangmala P, Chanree P, Hiranrat P, Srisittimongkon S. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Ultrasound Surveillance for Cholangiocarcinoma in an Endemic Area of Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:4117-4125. [PMID: 38156846 PMCID: PMC10909103 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.12.4117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research aimed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of ultrasound surveillance for Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in a high-risk population residing in the northern region of Thailand and compare these results with the non-surveillance patients who presented with CCA. METHODS This was a retrospective descriptive study of two groups monitored and treated for CCA in the same institute, but differing as to whether ultrasound was included in the surveillance. The ultrasound surveillance group comprised those who participated in the cohort study of CCA at Chulabhorn Hospital from 2011 to 2017. Whereas, the non-ultrasound surveillance group consisted of patients treated for CCA at Chulabhorn Hospital from 2009 to 2015 (and not part of the first group). Historical data and societal perspectives were analyzed and interpreted using a decision tree model. The results of one-way sensitivity analyses of probability and cost parameters affecting the change in incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were analyzed and presented using tornado diagrams. RESULT The ultrasound surveillance group had the quality-adjusted life years gained (QALY gained) of 0.117 years, resulting in the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 152,985 Thai Baht (THB) or equal to 4,222.6 US-dollars (USD) /QALY gained which is about when compared to the non-ultrasound surveillance group. Moreover, the ICER value was within the willingness to pay (WTP) calculated for Thailand of 4,416.2 USD (160,000 THB) /QALY gained. The probability of non-diagnostic CCA in non-ultrasound surveillance group and the cost of abdominal ultrasound were found to be major factors affecting the ICER. CONCLUSION Ultrasound surveillance of CCA was cost-effective in Thailand. This information can be helpful for national policy planning in regard to Thai populations at high risk of CCA. Further study is recommended to assess cost-effectiveness in other areas with lower incidences of CCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Surachate Siripongsakun
- Sonographer School, Faculty of Heath Science Technology, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tian Y, Wen N, Li B, Lu J, Wang Y, Wang S, Cheng N. A meta-analysis of prognostic factors for early recurrence in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma after curative-intent resection. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2023; 49:106982. [PMID: 37487828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) is a type of cancer that has a high rate of recurrence after curative-intent surgery, with about half of all recurrences occurring within the first year. The primary aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors (PFs) for early recurrence (ER, within 12 months) after surgery. METHODS Systematic searching was conducted from database inception to September 28th, 2022, with duplicate independent review and data extraction. Data on eight predefined PFs were collected, and meta-analysis was performed on PFs for ER, summarized using forest plots. RESULTS The study enrolled 11 studies comprising 2877 patients. In the risk-of-bias assessment, seven studies were rated as low risk and four as moderate risk. More than 34.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 26.1-42.5%) of the patients experienced ER after curative-intent pCCA resection. Of the PFs, vascular invasion (HR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.47-3.95; OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.17-2.18), lymph node metastases (HR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.92-3.37; OR, 4.26; 95% CI, 2.40-7.57), and R1 resection (HR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.81-5.92; OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.36-4.22) were associated with an increased hazard for ER. The combined OR values also showed that tumor size, poor tumor differentiation, and perineural invasion were linked to an elevated risk of ER, but all of them had apparent heterogeneity. CONCLUSION These findings from the review could be used to plan surveillance of ER and guide post-operative individualized management in pCCA. Furthermore, prospective studies are needed to explore more prognostic factors for ER of pCCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ningyuan Wen
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Bei Li
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiong Lu
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaoqun Wang
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaofeng Wang
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Nansheng Cheng
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang X, Chen B. Dermatomyositis with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a case report and data mining based on machine learning. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1206043. [PMID: 37664040 PMCID: PMC10471963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1206043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer secondary to dermatomyositis (DM) is defined as paraneoplastic dermatomyositis, which is one of the major subtypes of DM. However, cases of DM with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are rarely reported. In the course of our clinical work, we encountered a case of a middle-aged female patient who was diagnosed with DM for 7 years and then diagnosed with ICC, and we would like to share this case. In addition, in order to further investigate the deeper mechanism of ICC associated with DM, we also analyzed the dataset related to DM and ICC in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database based on the machine learning methods and found that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 12 (PARP12) and metallothionein 1M (MT1M) were closely associated with ICC secondary to DM. They are potentially important biomarkers for predicting the occurrence of ICC in patients with DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bendong Chen
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hu S, Xia C, Zou H, Ren W, Liu L, Wang L, Kang Q, He K, Wang T, Zhang X. HS6ST1 overexpressed in cancer-associated fibroblast and inhibited cholangiocarcinoma progression. Dig Liver Dis 2023; 55:1114-1125. [PMID: 36586771 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Fibroblasts turn into cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment, which play an important role in tumor progression. However, the mechanism is unclear. AIMS To investigate the role of CAFs with HS6ST1-overexpression in cell migration and invasion effects. METHODS Human primary CAFs were isolated and identified from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. mRNA profiles differences between CAFs and NFs were examined by using transcriptome sequencing. Using Transwell® migration assays, ICCA cells (RBE and HUCCT1) with NF-CM, CAF-CM, CAFsNC-CM, and CAFsHS6ST1-CM were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze the expression of HS6ST1 in CAF in 152 patients with ICCA. Overall survival (OS) was compared based on CAF HS6ST1 expression were analysed. The relationship between clinicopathological parameters and survival was also examined. RESULTS Successfully isolated CAFs is positive staining with αSMA, FSP-1, FAP, and PDGFR-β. Transcriptome sequencing showed that differently expressed genes were enriched in the function of the extracellular matrix and chemokine signaling pathway. HS6ST1 is differentially expressed between CAFs and NFs, and associated with the migration and invasion of ICCA cells. Moreover, HS6ST1 positive expression of CAFs predicted unfavorable prognosis in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and showed correlation with the presence of lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION HS6ST1 is new possibilities for targeting the CAFs to reduce cholangiocarcinoma growth and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374# Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Chuqi Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374# Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Wenjun Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374# Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Lianmin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374# Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Qiang Kang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374# Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Kai He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374# Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374# Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China.
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374# Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ye Z, Zhang Y, Chen J, Wang X, Hong Y, Zhao Q. First-line PD-1 inhibitors combination therapy for patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma: A retrospective real-world study. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110344. [PMID: 37245298 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combination therapy with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors is currently the first-line treatment for advanced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in real-world settings. However, its effectiveness and safety are yet to be established. This study sought to assess the impact of this approach on the survival of this patient population. METHODS Our study included patients with advanced CCA who received first-line PD-1 inhibitors combination therapy at our hospital between September 2020 and April 2022 and were followed up until October 2022. Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the survival curves. The Log-Rank method was used to compare differences in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between groups. RESULTS A total of 54 patients with advanced CCA were enrolled. The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 16.7% and 79.6%, respectively. The median PFS and OS were 6.6 (95% CI: 3.9-9.3) months and 13.9 (95% CI: 10.0-17.8) months, respectively. 88.9% of patients (n = 48) experienced at least one adverse event (AE) with grade ≥ 3 AEs occurring in 20 patients (37.0%). The most common grade ≥ 3 AEs were neutropenia (n = 6, 11.1%), anemia (n = 6, 11.1%), and thrombocytopenia (n = 6, 11.1%). 28 patients (51.9%) developed at least one immune-related adverse event (irAE). The most common irAEs reported were rash (n = 12, 22.2%), hypothyroidism (n = 11, 20.4%), and pruritus (n = 5, 9.3%). Four patients (7.4%) developed grade ≥ 3 irAEs, including rash (n = 1, 1.9%), pruritus (n = 1, 1.9%), colitis (n = 1, 1.9%), and pancreatitis (n = 1, 1.9%). In addition, patients with CEA ≤ 5 ng/ml prior to PD-1 inhibitors combination therapy experienced longer median PFS (9.0 months vs. 4.5 months, P = 0.016) and median OS (17.5 months vs. 11.3 months, P = 0.014) than those with CEA > 5 ng/ml. CONCLUSION Combination therapy with PD-1 inhibitors has demonstrated promising efficacy and manageable adverse events as a first-line treatment for advanced CCA in the real world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Ye
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Hong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu J, Liu M, Gong Y, Su S, Li M, Shu J. Prediction of angiogenesis in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma using MRI-based machine learning. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1048311. [PMID: 37274267 PMCID: PMC10233135 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1048311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Reliable noninvasive method to preoperative prediction of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA) angiogenesis are needed. This study aims to develop and validate machine learning models based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for predicting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and the microvessel density (MVD) of eCCA. Materials and methods In this retrospective study from August 2011 to May 2020, eCCA patients with pathological confirmation were selected. Features were extracted from T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and diffusion-weighted images using the MaZda software. After reliability testing and feature screening, retained features were used to establish classification models for predicting VEGF expression and regression models for predicting MVD. The performance of both models was evaluated respectively using area under the curve (AUC) and Adjusted R-Squared (Adjusted R2). Results The machine learning models were developed in 100 patients. A total of 900 features were extracted and 77 features with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) < 0.75 were eliminated. Among all the combinations of data preprocessing methods and classification algorithms, Z-score standardization + logistic regression exhibited excellent ability both in the training cohort (average AUC = 0.912) and the testing cohort (average AUC = 0.884). For regression model, Z-score standardization + stochastic gradient descent-based linear regression performed well in the training cohort (average Adjusted R2 = 0.975), and was also better than the mean model in the test cohort (average Adjusted R2 = 0.781). Conclusion Two machine learning models based on MRI can accurately predict VEGF expression and the MVD of eCCA respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mali Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaolin Gong
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Song Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Shu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang C, Song M, Sun Z, Fang Y, Liu Y, Xu K, Han X, Jiao D. Biliary drainage combined with simultaneous 125I seed strand brachytherapy for the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:418. [PMID: 37161422 PMCID: PMC10169480 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10868-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous biliary drainage (PBD) combined with 125I seed strand brachytherapy (ISSB) for the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA). METHODS The clinical data of 64 patients with HCCA (median age 62.5, male 29, female 35) treated in our department from April 2017 to April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Thirty-four patients in the experimental group (EG) were treated with PBD combined with ISSB, while 30 patients in the control group (CG) were treated with PBD alone. The primary study endpoints were technical success, clinical success and the 2-month local tumor control (LTC) rate. Secondary endpoints were early/late complications, median progression-free survival (mPFS) and overall survival (mOS). RESULTS The technical and clinical success in the EG and CG showed no significant differences (100 vs. 100%, 94.1 vs. 93.3%, P > 0.05). Both early and late complications showed no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). The 2-month LTC rates were significantly better in the EG versus the CG (94.1% vs. 26.7%, 157.7 ± 115.3 vs. 478.1 ± 235.3 U/ml), respectively (P < 0.05). The mPFS and mOS were 4.3 (95% CI 3.9-4.7) months and 2.8 (95% CI 2.5-3.1) months and 13.5 (95% CI 10.7-16.3) months and 8.8 (95% CI 7.8-9.8) months, respectively, with significant differences (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION PBD combined with ISSB is a safe and effective treatment for HCCA that can inhibit local tumors and prolong PFS and OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mengyao Song
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhanguo Sun
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Kaihao Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Dechao Jiao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Wang X, Li Y, Hong Y, Zhao Q, Ye Z. Immune-related adverse events correlate with the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors combination therapy in advanced cholangiocarcinoma patients: A retrospective cohort study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1141148. [PMID: 37033935 PMCID: PMC10079946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1141148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Whether irAEs can predict the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has not been assessed. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the correlation between irAEs and the therapeutic effect of PD-1 inhibitors combination therapy in patients with advanced CCA. Methods All patients with CCA who were consecutively admitted to the inpatient unit of our hospital and received PD-1 inhibitors combination therapy between September 2020 and April 2022 were screened. In total, 106 patients with CCA were screened out. We then followed up these patients until October 2022. Due to perioperative use (n=28), less than 2 cycles of PD-1 inhibitor therapy (n=9), incomplete data (n=8) and no pathological report (n=2), 59 patients were included in the final analysis. The patients were divided into the irAEs cohort and the non-irAEs cohort according to whether they experienced irAEs or not. The Log-Rank test was performed to compare the difference in survival time between these two cohorts. We then applied multivariate COX regression analysis to investigate whether irAEs were independent prognostic factors for survival in patients with advanced CCA. Results Finally, 32 patients were included in the irAEs cohort and 27 patients in the non-irAEs cohort. A total of 32 patients (54.2%) had any-grade irAEs, of which 4 patients (6.8%) had grade 3-4 irAEs. The most common irAEs were thyroid toxicity (30.5%) and dermatologic toxicity (30.5%). There were no notable differences in demographics and clinical characteristics between the irAEs and non-irAEs cohorts, except for total bilirubin level (P=0.026) and relapse (P=0.016). The disease control rate (DCR) in the irAEs cohort was higher than in the non-irAEs cohort (90.6% vs 70.4%, P=0.047). Median overall survival (OS) and median progression-free survival (PFS) were better in the irAEs cohort than in the non-irAEs cohort (OS: 21.2 vs 10.0 months, P<0.001; PFS: 9.0 vs 4.4 months, P=0.003). Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that irAEs were independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS (OS: HR=0.133, 95% CI: 0.039-0.452, P=0.001; PFS: HR=0.435, 95% CI: 0.202-0.934, P=0.033). Conclusion IrAEs correlated with improved DCR, OS, and PFS in advanced CCA patients receiving PD-1 inhibitors combination therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinyan Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Hong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Ye
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dowdle ME, Kanzler CR, Harder CRK, Moffet S, Walker MN, Sheets MD. Bicaudal-C Post-transcriptional regulator of cell fates and functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:981696. [PMID: 36158189 PMCID: PMC9491823 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.981696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicaudal-C (Bicc1) is an evolutionarily conserved RNA binding protein that functions in a regulatory capacity in a variety of contexts. It was originally identified as a genetic locus in Drosophila that when disrupted resulted in radical changes in early development. In the most extreme phenotypes embryos carrying mutations developed with mirror image duplications of posterior structures and it was this striking phenotype that was responsible for the name Bicaudal. These seminal studies established Bicc1 as an important regulator of Drosophila development. What was not anticipated from the early work, but was revealed subsequently in many different organisms was the broad fundamental impact that Bicc1 proteins have on developmental biology; from regulating cell fates in vertebrate embryos to defects associated with several human disease states. In the following review we present a perspective of Bicc1 focusing primarily on the molecular aspects of its RNA metabolism functions in vertebrate embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael D. Sheets
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gundlach JP, Kerber J, Hendricks A, Bernsmeier A, Halske C, Röder C, Becker T, Röcken C, Braun F, Sebens S, Heits N. Paracrine Interaction of Cholangiocellular Carcinoma with Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Schwann Cells Impact Cell Migration. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102785. [PMID: 35628911 PMCID: PMC9145811 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is enriched in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), treatment with the multityrosine kinase-inhibitor Sorafenib is disappointing. While cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are known to contribute to treatment resistance in CCA, knowledge is lacking for Schwann cells (SC). We investigated the impact of stromal cells on CCA cells and whether this is affected by Sorafenib. Immunohistochemistry revealed elevated expression of CAF and SC markers significantly correlating with reduced tumor-free survival. In co-culture with CAF, CCA cells mostly migrated, which could be diminished by Sorafenib, while in SC co-cultures, SC predominantly migrated towards CCA cells, unaffected by Sorafenib. Moreover, increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines MCP-1, CXCL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 was determined in CAF mono- and co-cultures, which could be reduced by Sorafenib. Corresponding to migration results, an increased expression of phospho-AKT was measured in CAF co-cultured HuCCT-1 cells, although was unaffected by Sorafenib. Intriguingly, CAF co-cultured TFK-1 cells showed increased activation of STAT3, JNK, ERK and AKT pathways, which was partly reduced by Sorafenib. This study indicates that CAF and SC differentially impact CCA cells and Sorafenib partially reverts these stroma-mediated effects. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the paracrine interplay of CAF and SC with CCA cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Paul Gundlach
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building C, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.K.); (A.B.); (T.B.); (F.B.); (N.H.)
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (C.R.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jannik Kerber
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building C, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.K.); (A.B.); (T.B.); (F.B.); (N.H.)
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (C.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Alexander Hendricks
- Department of General, Visceral-, Vascular-, and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Alexander Bernsmeier
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building C, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.K.); (A.B.); (T.B.); (F.B.); (N.H.)
| | - Christine Halske
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U33, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (C.H.); (C.R.)
| | - Christian Röder
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (C.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Thomas Becker
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building C, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.K.); (A.B.); (T.B.); (F.B.); (N.H.)
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U33, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (C.H.); (C.R.)
| | - Felix Braun
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building C, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.K.); (A.B.); (T.B.); (F.B.); (N.H.)
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (C.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Nils Heits
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building C, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.K.); (A.B.); (T.B.); (F.B.); (N.H.)
- Gesundheitszentrum Kiel-Mitte, Prüner Gang 15, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sahu R, Sharma P, Kumar A. An Insight into Cholangiocarcinoma and Recent Advances in its Treatment. J Gastrointest Cancer 2022; 54:213-226. [PMID: 35023010 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant disease of the epithelial cells of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. This review focuses on various aspects of cholangiocarcinoma such as its associated causes, treatment criteria, and more. METHODS Although it remains a rare malignancy and is the second most common primary malignancy of the liver, the incidence is increasing, especially the incidence of intrahepatic CCA. Several studies suggested that surgery is not only solution; recently, reported targeted drugs may have the potential to become an alternative option. RESULTS This review provides an overview of the current scenario of targeted therapies for CCA, which were tabulated with their current status and it also included its associated causes and its treatment criteria. CONCLUSION Because of its rarity and complexity, surgery remains the preferred treatment in resectable patients. Howerver, the studies suggested that the recently reported drugs may have the potential to be an alternative option for the treatment of CCA and related complications. In addition, this review will certainly benefit the community and researcher for further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sahu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-II, 201306, Greater Noida, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang X, Niu X, You Z, Long Y, Luo F, Ye H. Comparison of Four Lymph Node Stage Methods for Predicting the Prognosis of Distal Cholangiocarcinoma Patients After Surgery. Front Oncol 2021; 11:779761. [PMID: 34926292 PMCID: PMC8678514 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.779761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The metastatic status of regional lymph nodes is an effective risk factor for the prognosis of distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA). But existing lymph node staging is not accurate enough and is susceptible to interference. This study aims to explore the predictive ability of the log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) staging system of dCCA compared with existing lymph node staging systems. Methods A total of 928 dCCA patients were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database as the training cohort, and 207 dCCA patients from West China Hospital who underwent surgery were reviewed as the validation cohort. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression were conducted to identify the most meaningful factors relevant to prognosis. The performance of four lymph node stage systems was compared by a model-based approach. Result Age at diagnosis, pathological grade, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor 7th T stage, tumor size, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and lymph node stage system were independent prognostic factors. The model with the LODDS system had a better model fit with the highest C-index (0.679) and 1-/3-/5- area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) (0.739/0.671/0.658) as well as the lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC) (5,020.52). External validation results from 207 dCCA patients showed a C-index of 0.647 and 1-/3-/5-AUC of 0.740/0.683/0.589. Compared with the lymph node ratio (LNR), AJCC 8th N system, and 7th N system, the 5-year net reclassification improvement (NRI) of the LODDS system was 0.030 (95% CI: -0.079 to 0.147), 0.042 (95% CI: -0.062 to 0.139), and 0.040 (95% CI: -0.057 to 0.146), respectively. The integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) of LODDS improved compared with the LNR model (0.016; 95% CI: -0.001 to 0.036), AJCC 8th N system (0.020; 95% CI: 0.003-0.037), and AJCC 7th N system (0.019; 95% CI: 0.002-0.036). Decision curve analysis (DCA) also shows a greater net benefit of LODDS. In lymph node-negative patients, LODDS reveals a positive linear relationship with the hazard ratio (HR). The stage capacity of LODDS in a subgroup analysis stratified by examined lymph node number (ELNN) was consistent. Conclusions The LODDS lymph node stage system has superior predictive performance as compared with the LNR, AJCC 7th, and 8th lymph node stage systems. Meanwhile, LODDS has a more detailed staging ability and good stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyi Huang
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoya Niu
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen You
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youlin Long
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Luo
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Song J, Cui D, Wang J, Qin J, Wang S, Wang Z, Zhai X, Ma H, Ma D, Liu Y, Jin B, Liu Z. Overexpression of HMGA1 confers radioresistance by transactivating RAD51 in cholangiocarcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:322. [PMID: 34716319 PMCID: PMC8556338 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00721-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are rare but aggressive tumors of the bile ducts. CCAs are often diagnosed at an advanced stage and respond poorly to current conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. High mobility group A1 (HMGA1) is an architectural transcription factor that is overexpressed in multiple malignant tumors. In this study, we showed that the expression of HMGA1 is frequently elevated in CCAs and that the high expression of this gene is associated with a poor prognosis. Functionally, HMGA1 promotes CCA cell proliferation/invasion and xenograft tumor growth. Furthermore, HMGA1 transcriptionally activates RAD51 by binding to its promoter through two HMGA1 response elements. Notably, overexpression of HMGA1 promotes radioresistance whereas its knockdown causes radiosensitivity of CCA cells to X-ray irradiation. Moreover, rescue experiments reveal that inhibition of RAD51 reverses the effect of HMGA1 on radioresistance and proliferation/invasion. These findings suggest that HMGA1 functions as a novel regulator of RAD51 and confers radioresistance in cholangiocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Song
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Organ Transplantation, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Donghai Cui
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Junchao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shourong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zixiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhai
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Delin Ma
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Bin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, China. .,Department of Organ Transplantation, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Zhaojian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|