1
|
Kong FC, Qi L, Zhou YL, Yu M, Huang WF, Li F. Chidamide, Decitabine, Cytarabine, Aclarubicin, and Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor Therapy for Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Retrospective Study from a Single-Center. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:1151-1161. [PMID: 38057538 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preclinical evidence and clinical trials have suggested synergistic effects of epigenetic modifiers in combination with cytotoxic agents for the treatment of leukemia. However, their efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML) remains unclear. METHODS Clinical data of R/R AML patients who received a CDCAG regimen (chidamide, decitabine, cytarabine, aclarubicin, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) from July 1, 2018 to October 31, 2021 at our center were retrospectively assessed, and the safety and efficacy of the CDCAG regimen were evaluated. Patients were followed up until November 30, 2021, with a median follow-up of 21.6 months (95% CI: 10.0-33.2 months). RESULTS A total of 67 patients were enrolled. Two patients died within 3 weeks after the initiation, and therefore only 65 patients underwent the assement for clinical response and survival. It was found that 56.9% patients achieved complete remission with a median overall survival (OS) of 9.6 months. The median OS of responders was 25.9 months, while that of non-responders was 5.0 months (P<0.0001). Patients with gene mutations had a superior overall response rate (ORR) (80.4% vs. 45.5%, P=0.043) compared to those without gene mutations. The presence of DNA methyltransferase 3 A (DNMT3A), ten-eleven translocation-2 (TET2), and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) mutations did not affect the response rate (88.2% vs. 68.9%, P=0.220) and reflected a better OS (not attained vs. 9.0 months, P=0.05). The most common non-hematologic adverse events were pulmonary infection (73.1%), followed by febrile neutropenia (23.9%) and sepsis (19.4%). CONCLUSIONS The CDCAG regimen was effective and well-tolerated in R/R AML patients, increasing the potential for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Moreover, patients with DNMT3A, TET2, and IDH1/2 mutations might benefit from this regimen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Cong Kong
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yu-Lan Zhou
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Min Yu
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wen-Feng Huang
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Fei Li
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cao HY, Li L, Xue SL, Dai HP. Chidamide: Targeting epigenetic regulation in the treatment of hematological malignancy. Hematol Oncol 2023; 41:301-309. [PMID: 36251458 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations frequently participate in the onset of hematological malignancies. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are essential for regulating gene transcription and various signaling pathways. Targeting HDACs has become a novel treatment option for hematological malignancies. Chidamide is the first oral selective HDAC inhibitor for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC10 and was first approved for the treatment of R/R peripheral T-cell lymphoma by the China Food and Drug Administration in 2014. Chidamide was also approved under the name Hiyasta (HBI-8000) in Japan in 2021. In vitro studies revealed that chidamide could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis via cell cycle arrest and the regulation of apoptotic proteins. In clinical studies, chidamide was also efficacious in multiple myeloma, acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. This review includes reported experimental and clinical data on chidamide monotherapy or chidamide treatment in combination with chemotherapy for various hematological malignancies, offering a rationale for the renewed exploration of this drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Sheng-Li Xue
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hai-Ping Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gu S, Hou Y, Dovat K, Dovat S, Song C, Ge Z. Synergistic effect of HDAC inhibitor Chidamide with Cladribine on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by targeting HDAC2/c-Myc/RCC1 axis in acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:23. [PMID: 36849955 PMCID: PMC9972767 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More effective targeted therapy and new combination regimens are needed for Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), owing to the unsatisfactory long-term prognosis of the disease. Here, we investigated the synergistic effect and the mechanism of a histone deacetylase inhibitor, Chidamide in combination with Cladribine, a purine nucleoside antimetabolite analog in the disease. METHODS Cell counting kit-8 assays and Chou-Talalay's combination index were used to examine the synergistic effect of Chidamide and Cladribine on AML cell lines (U937, THP-1, and MV4-11) and primary AML cells. PI and Annexin-V/PI assays were used to detect the cell cycle effect and apoptosis effect, respectively. Global transcriptome analysis, RT-qPCR, c-MYC Knockdown, western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were employed to explore the molecule mechanisms. RESULTS The combination of Chidamide with Cladribine showed a significant increase in cell proliferation arrest, the G0/G1 phase arrest, and apoptosis compared to the single drug control in AML cell lines along with upregulated p21Waf1/Cip1 expression and downregulated CDK2/Cyclin E2 complex, and elevated cleaved caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP. The combination significantly suppresses the c-MYC expression in AML cells, and c-MYC knockdown significantly increased the sensitivity of U937 cells to the combination compared to single drug control. Moreover, we observed HDAC2 interacts with c-Myc in AML cells, and we further identified that c-Myc binds to the promoter region of RCC1 that also could be suppressed by the combination through c-Myc-dependent. Consistently, a positive correlation of RCC1 with c-MYC was observed in the AML patient cohort. Also, RCC1 and HDAC2 high expression are associated with poor survival in AML patients. Finally, we also observed the combination significantly suppresses cell growth and induces the apoptosis of primary cells in AML patients with AML1-ETO fusion, c-KIT mutation, MLL-AF6 fusion, FLT3-ITD mutation, and in a CMML-BP patient with complex karyotype. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated the synergistic effect of Chidamide with Cladribine on cell growth arrest, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in AML and primary cells with genetic defects by targeting HDAC2/c-Myc/RCC1 signaling in AML. Our data provide experimental evidence for the undergoing clinical trial (Clinical Trial ID: NCT05330364) of Chidamide plus Cladribine as a new potential regimen in AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Gu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Street, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Yue Hou
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Street, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Katarina Dovat
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, 17033 USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, 17033 USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, 17033 USA ,grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Zheng Ge
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Street, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wei Y, Wang L, Zhu C, Li H, Bo J, Zhang R, Lu N, Wu Y, Gao X, Dou L, Liu D, Gao C. A phase II study of chidamide, cytarabine, aclarubicin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and donor lymphocyte infusion for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Med Oncol 2023; 40:77. [PMID: 36625951 PMCID: PMC9832090 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy followed by donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is a promising treatment for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, the best strategy for administering this therapy is still unclear. This study sought to explore the efficacy and safety of chidamide and CAG (cytarabine, aclarubicin, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) (CCAG) regimen followed by DLI in relapsed AML/MDS after allo-HSCT. This was a single-arm, phase II trial in patients with relapsed AML/MDS after allo-HSCT. CCAG regimen followed by DLI was given according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty adult patients were enrolled. The median follow-up time was 12 months. The complete remission (CR) rate was 45% and the partial remission (PR) rate was 5%. The 1-year overall survival (OS) was 56.7% (95% confidence interval (95% CI), 31.6-75.6%), and the median OS was 19 months. The 1-year relapse-free survival (RFS) was 83.3% (95% CI, 27.3-97.5%). Patients relapsing more than 6 months after HSCT and achieving CR/PR after CCAG plus DLI regimen attained significantly higher survival rates. The cumulative incidence of grade III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) was 9.4%. There was no treatment-related mortality (TRM). These data suggest that CCAG plus DLI regimen is safe and induces durable remission and superior survival in patients with relapsed AML/MDS after allo-HSCT. Trial registration number: ChiCTR.org identifier: ChiCTR1800017740 and date of registration: August 12, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wei
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Chengying Zhu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Honghua Li
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jian Bo
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ning Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yongli Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiaoning Gao
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Liping Dou
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Daihong Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Chunji Gao
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu L, Zhang J, Zhang X, Cheng P, Liu L, Huang Q, Liu H, Ren S, Wei P, Wang C, Dou C, Chen L, Liu X, Zhang H, Chen M. HMGB1: an important regulator of myeloid differentiation and acute myeloid leukemia as well as a promising therapeutic target. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 99:107-118. [PMID: 33128580 PMCID: PMC7782413 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone nuclear protein which has been intensively studied in various physiological and pathological processes including leukemia. Here in this study, we further demonstrated that HMGB1 presents higher expression in the bone marrow mononuclear cells of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients compared with the normal controls and contributes to the AML pathogenesis and progression by inhibiting apoptosis, facilitating proliferation, and inducing myeloid differentiation blockade of AML cells. Mechanistic investigation revealed that transforming growth factor beta-induced (TGFBI) acts as a potential downstream target of HMGB1 and lentivirus-mediated knockdown of TGFBI expression impaired phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)–induced myeloid differentiation of AML cell lines. On the other hand, chidamide, an orally histone deacetylase inhibitor, decreases HMGB1 expression significantly in AML cells with concomitant upregulation of TGFBI expression, and confers therapeutic effect on AML by inducing cell differentiation, apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. In conclusion, our findings provide additional insights that HMGB1 is a promising therapeutic target of AML, and also present experimental evidence for the clinical application of chidamide as a novel agent in AML therapy by downregulating HMGB1 expression. Key messages HMGB1 induces cell proliferation and myeloid differentiation blockade and inhibits apoptosis of AML cells. TGFBI acts as a potential target of HMGB1. Chidamide, a selective HDAC inhibitor, confers promising therapeutic effect for AML via downregulating HMGB1 expression.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00109-020-01998-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Liu
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xianning Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Panpan Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haihui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Saisai Ren
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cuiling Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cuiyun Dou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Graduate School, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Graduate School, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mingtai Chen
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vu M, Kassouf N, Ofili R, Lund T, Bell C, Appiah S. Doxorubicin selectively induces apoptosis through the inhibition of a novel isoform of Bcl‑2 in acute myeloid leukaemia MOLM‑13 cells with reduced Beclin 1 expression. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:113-121. [PMID: 32377726 PMCID: PMC7252449 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) may contribute to difficulties in eradicating these cells during chemotherapy. In the present study, doxorubicin (Dox) was evaluated for its potential to induce selective apoptotic cell death in AML MOLM-13 cells and to modulate autophagy through Bcl-2 and Beclin 1 protein expression. Annexin V/propidium iodide and 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) flow cytometric analyses were conducted to determine the effects of Dox on cell death and cell proliferation, respectively, following 48 h of co-incubation with AML MOLM-13 or U-937 monocytic cells. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and Beclin 1 in untreated and treated cells were quantified by western blot analysis. Dox reduced the viability of MOLM-13 cells partly by inhibiting cell division and inducing cell apoptosis. Dox demonstrated a level of selectivity in its cytotoxicity against MOLM-13 compared to U-937 cells (P<0.05). Dox induced a significant decrease in Beclin 1 protein levels in MOLM-13 cells without significantly affecting the protein levels in U-937 monocytes. A novel Bcl-2 15-20 kDa (p15-20-Bcl-2) isoform was found to be selectively expressed in AML MOLM-13 cells (but absent in the leukaemic cell lines tested, OCI-AML2, CML K562 and U-937). Dox induced a highly significant inhibition of p15-20-Bcl-2 at concentrations of 0.5, 0.75 and 1 µM (P<0.01). However, the usual 26 kDa Bcl-2 (p26-Bcl-2-α) isoform protein expression was not affected by the drug in either the MOLM-13 or U-937 cells. It was thus postulated that Dox exhibited some selectivity by targeting the p15-20-Bcl-2 isoform in MOLM-13 cells and activating Beclin 1 to induce cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Vu
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Nick Kassouf
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Rosemary Ofili
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Torben Lund
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Celia Bell
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Sandra Appiah
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang H, Li L, Li M, Huang X, Xie W, Xiang W, Yao P. Combination of betulinic acid and chidamide inhibits acute myeloid leukemia by suppression of the HIF1α pathway and generation of reactive oxygen species. Oncotarget 2017; 8:94743-94758. [PMID: 29212263 PMCID: PMC5706909 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disorder of the hematopoietic system with no common genetic “Achilles heel” that can be targeted. Most patients respond well to standard therapy, while a majority relapse, and development of an effective therapy for AML patients is still urgently needed. In this study, we demonstrated that betulinic acid (BA) significantly increased Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) expression through demethylation on the AHR promoter in AML cells, and the increased AHR expression interacts with and sequesters ARNT, subsequently suppressing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) pathway. We also found that histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide (CDM) treatment significantly increased p300 over-acetylation in AML cells with dissociation of p300 with HIF1α, and subsequently suppressed the HIF1α pathway. Further investigation showed that BA/CDM combination additively increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with DNA damage, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Also, BA/CDM combination additively suppressed the HIF1α pathway with decreased VEGF expression. in vivo mice study showed that BA/CDM combination significantly suppressed AML tumor growth, and overexpression of SOD2 and a constitutive HIF1α (HIF1C) completely diminished this effect. We conclude that a BA/CDM combination inhibits AML tumors through ROS over-generation and HIF1α pathway suppression. This is the first time we have shown the potential effect and possible mechanism of BA and CDM on the inhibition of AML tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou 570206, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Xie
- Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou 570206, P.R. China
| | - Paul Yao
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou 570206, P.R. China.,Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|