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Zaborska M, Chruszcz M, Sadowski J, Klaudel T, Pelczarski M, Sztangreciak-Lehun A, Bułdak RJ. The most common skin symptoms in young adults and adults related to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:292. [PMID: 38819524 PMCID: PMC11142985 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-02991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Scientists from various areas of the world indicate in their studies that skin lesions occur in the course of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This article is a review of the most frequently described cutaneous manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and the potential pathophysiology of their development, as well as information on abnormalities in histopathological tests. The article describes the impact of some factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic on the exacerbation of chronic dermatological diseases. This work was constructed on the basis of 142 research studies, reviews, and meta-analyses, focusing on the methods and materials used in individual works as well as the results and conclusions resulting from them. Some skin lesions may be a potential prognostic marker of the course of the disease and may also be a prodromal symptom or the only symptom of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. Stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic may exacerbate some chronic dermatological diseases. A correlation was observed between the type of skin lesions and the patient's age. The occurrence of skin diseases may also be influenced by drugs used to treat infections caused by SARS-CoV-2. A relationship was observed between the patient's ethnic origin and skin lesions occurring in the course of COVID-19. There is a need to further diagnose the cutaneous manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to learn the detailed pathomechanism of their occurrence in order to better understand the essence of the disease and find an appropriate treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zaborska
- Student Scientific Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland.
| | - Maksymilan Chruszcz
- Student Scientific Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Jakub Sadowski
- Student Scientific Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Tomasz Klaudel
- Student Scientific Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Michał Pelczarski
- Student Scientific Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Anna Sztangreciak-Lehun
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Rafał Jakub Bułdak
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
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Ică OM, Mitroi G, Ianoşi SL, Tutunaru CV, Leru PM, Matei D, Avramescu ET, Tănasie CA, Mitroi IB, Neagoe CD, Cazacu SM. Defining the short-term and long-term skin manifestations of COVID-19: insights after more than three years of the pandemic. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2023; 64:291-304. [PMID: 37867347 PMCID: PMC10720941 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.64.3.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM This review aimed to assess the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on skin health to establish a classification of the skin lesions that occur most frequently during the disease and whether a particular category of skin damage is more likely to occur both in the short term and in the long term. METHODS We conducted a literature search of the PubMed database. Ultimately, 109 articles were included in this review. The exact phrases∕syntax and connectors used for the database search∕query were as follows: "Coronavirus and skin", "COVID-19 and skin", "SARS-CoV-2 and skin", "Coronavirus cutaneous manifestations", "COVID-19 cutaneous manifestations", "SARS-CoV-2 cutaneous manifestations", "Coronavirus dermatology", "SARS-CoV-2 and dermatology", "COVID-19 and dermatology", "COVID-19 and skin eruption", "Coronavirus and skin rash", "COVID-19 and hair", "Coronavirus and hair", "Coronavirus and nails", "SARS-CoV-2 and hair", and "SARS-CoV-2 and nails". Only articles with abstracts referring strictly to cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 were chosen. Articles without abstracts were not considered. RESULTS We established six of the most frequently reported clinical patterns associated with COVID-19 and their probability of occurring during COVID-19 disease evolution based on the current literature reports. We did not identify the particular types of skin lesions that are most prone to long-term persistence; most such cases are rare, and no conclusion can be drawn based on them. CONCLUSIONS Apart from classified COVID-19-related skin disorders, this pandemic has been a challenge for dermatologists and a wide range of cutaneous side effects related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) treatments have been reported. We are aware of other polymorphic clinical presentations, with novel data being reported periodically, but the pathophysiological mechanisms and evolution are largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Maria Ică
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - George Mitroi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Simona Laura Ianoşi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Cristina Violeta Tutunaru
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Polliana Mihaela Leru
- Department of Family Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Matei
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Cornelia Andreea Tănasie
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Iulia Bianca Mitroi
- Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Carmen Daniela Neagoe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Sergiu Marian Cazacu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
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Proietti I, Tolino E, Mambrin A, Skroza N, Bernardini N, Marchesiello A, Marraffa F, Michelini S, Rossi G, Volpe S, Del Giudice E, Lubrano R, Potenza C. Non-invasive instrumental examinations of cutaneous, adnexal and mucosal manifestations after SARS-COV-2 infection in adult and children. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:e169-e170. [PMID: 34753203 PMCID: PMC9088730 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Proietti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Dermatology Unit 'Daniele Innocenzi', Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Italy
| | - E Tolino
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Dermatology Unit 'Daniele Innocenzi', Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Italy
| | - A Mambrin
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Dermatology Unit 'Daniele Innocenzi', Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Italy
| | - N Skroza
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Dermatology Unit 'Daniele Innocenzi', Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Italy
| | - N Bernardini
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Dermatology Unit 'Daniele Innocenzi', Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Italy
| | - A Marchesiello
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Dermatology Unit 'Daniele Innocenzi', Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Italy
| | - F Marraffa
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Dermatology Unit 'Daniele Innocenzi', Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Italy
| | - S Michelini
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Dermatology Unit 'Daniele Innocenzi', Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Italy
| | - G Rossi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Dermatology Unit 'Daniele Innocenzi', Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Italy
| | - S Volpe
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Dermatology Unit 'Daniele Innocenzi', Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Italy
| | - E Del Giudice
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Sapienza - University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - R Lubrano
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Sapienza - University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - C Potenza
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Dermatology Unit 'Daniele Innocenzi', Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Italy
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Garrosa M. Identification, Mechanism, and Treatment of Skin Lesions in COVID-19: A Review. Viruses 2021; 13:1916. [PMID: 34696346 PMCID: PMC8540564 DOI: 10.3390/v13101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a multisystem disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that primarily causes respiratory symptoms. However, an increasing number of cutaneous manifestations associated with this disease have been reported. The aim of this study is to analyze the scientific literature on cutaneous manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 by means of a narrative literature review until June 2021. The search was conducted in the following electronic databases: Medline (PubMed), SciELO, and Cochrane Library Plus. The most common cutaneous manifestations in patients with COVID-19 are vesicular eruptions, petechial/purpuric rashes, acral lesions, liveoid lesions, urticarial rash, and maculopapular-erythematous rash. These manifestations may be the first presenting symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as is the case with acral lesions, vesicular eruptions, and urticaria. In relation to severity, the presence of liveoid lesions may be associated with a more severe course of the disease. Treatment used for dermatological lesions includes therapy with anticoagulants, corticosteroids, and antihistamines. Knowledge of the dermatologic manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 contributes to the diagnosis of COVID-19 in patients with skin lesions associated with respiratory symptoms or in asymptomatic patients. In addition, understanding the dermatologic lesions associated with COVID-19 could be useful to establish a personalized care plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42004 Soria, Spain
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Manuel Garrosa
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
- Area of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCYL), University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
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Yin H, Wang S, Yu Y, Chen S, Lu L. Moving nail bands in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:e130-e132. [PMID: 34553792 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Yin
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - S Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wollina U, Kanitakis J, Baran R. Nails and COVID-19 - A comprehensive review of clinical findings and treatment. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e15100. [PMID: 34398500 PMCID: PMC8420555 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, responsible for COVID‐19, has raised the interest for infection‐associated muco‐cutaneous symptoms. While dermatologic symptoms in general gained an increasing awareness, affection of the nail organ has been mentioned only recently. We provide a narrative review on COVID‐19 manifestation on the nail organ and add symptoms induced by personal protective measures and SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. Available treatment options are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jean Kanitakis
- Dermatology Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital Group, (Pav. R), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Robert Baran
- Dermatology, Nail Disease Center, Cannes, France
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