Atopic dermatitis and risk of 14 site-specific cancers: A Mendelian randomization study

No Evidence of Causal Association Between Atopic Dermatitis and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) can present with open-angle glaucoma, but powerful evidence to support their causal relationship is absent. Objective: To investigate the causal association of AD with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: A bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed with the software R. Results: Eighteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used in the forward MR analysis with AD as exposure. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method produced a result that genetically predicted AD was not associated with POAG (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95-1.27, P = 0.215). Fifty-one SNPs were used in the reverse MR analysis with POAG as exposure. The IVW method yielded a result that genetically predicted POAG was not correlated with AD (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.95-1.01, P = 0.191). The bidirectional causal effect estimates were consistent with supplementary MR methods (MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode). The sensitivity analysis showed stable results. Conclusions: This bidirectional 2-sample MR study did not give evidence of causal association between AD and POAG.

Effects of menstrual disorders and dysmenorrhea on cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study

Background

Observational studies have demonstrated associations between menstrual disorders, dysmenorrhea, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it remains unclear whether these associations are causal. This study is to investigate whether menstrual disorders and dysmenorrhea causally affect the risk of CVD.

Methods

The summary data for menstrual disorders (excessive menstruation and irregular menses) and dysmenorrhea were obtained from FinnGen study, summary data for CVD were obtained from UK Biobank and meta-analysis. The inverse-variance-weighted method was mainly used in the Mendelian randomization for causality analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed by several methods under different model assumptions.

Results

Genetic liability to excessive menstruation was associated with higher risk of atrial fibrillation (odds ratio (OR), 1.078 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.015-1.145]; P=0.014), but a lower risk of hypertension (OR, 0.994 [95% CI: 0.989-0.999]; P=0.016). Irregular menses was associated with higher risk of atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.095 [95% CI: 1.015-1.182]; P=0.02), hypertension (OR, 1.007 [95% CI: 1.000-1.013]; P=0.047), myocardial infarction (OR, 1.172 [95% CI: 1.060-1.295]; P=0.02), ischemic heart disease, (OR, 1.005 [95% CI: 1.000-1.010]; P=0.037) and coronary heart disease (OR, 1.004 [95% CI: 1.001-1.008]; P=0.026). Dysmenorrhea was associated with higher risk of atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.052 [95% CI: 1.014-1.092]; P=0.008) and Ischemic stroke (cardioembolic) (OR, 1.122 [95% CI: 1.002-1.257]; P=0.046). After Benjamini-Hochberg correction, irregular menses was associated with higher risk of myocardial infarction.

Conclusion

We confirmed a causal relationship of excessive menstruation, irregular menses and dysmenorrhea on cardiovascular outcomes independent of sex hormone levels, with an emphasis on the link between irregular menses and myocardial infarction. These clinical features can be utilized as markers to identify women at higher risk of developing CVD in the future, recommending early clinical intervention of menstrual diseases.

Multi-Omics Approach to Improved Diagnosis and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis

Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis fall within the category of cutaneous immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). The prevalence of IMIDs is increasing in industrialized societies, influenced by both environmental changes and a genetic predisposition. However, the exact immune factors driving these chronic, progressive diseases are not fully understood. By using multi-omics techniques in cutaneous IMIDs, it is expected to advance the understanding of skin biology, uncover the underlying mechanisms of skin conditions, and potentially devise precise and personalized approaches to diagnosis and treatment. We provide a narrative review of the current knowledge in genomics, epigenomics, and proteomics of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. A literature search was performed for articles published until 30 November 2023. Although there is still much to uncover, recent evidence has already provided valuable insights, such as proteomic profiles that permit differentiating psoriasis from mycosis fungoides and β-defensin 2 correlation to PASI and its drop due to secukinumab first injection, among others.

Toward Precision Medicine in Atopic Dermatitis Using Molecular-Based Approaches

Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disorder, affecting up to 20% of children and 10% of adults in developed countries. The pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis is complex and involves a strong genetic predisposition and T-cell driven inflammation. Although our understanding of the pathology and drivers of this disease has improved in recent years, there are still knowledge gaps in the immune pathways involved. Therefore, advances in new omics technologies in atopic dermatitis will play a key role in understanding the pathogenesis of this burden disease and could develop preventive strategies and personalized treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in genetics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metagenomics and understand how integrating multiple omics datasets will identify potential biomarkers and uncover nets of associations between several molecular levels.

Toward Precision Medicine in Atopic Dermatitis Using Molecular-Based Approaches

Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disorder, affecting up to 20% of children and 10% of adults in developed countries. The pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis is complex and involves a strong genetic predisposition and T-cell driven inflammation. Although our understanding of the pathology and drivers of this disease has improved in recent years, there are still knowledge gaps in the immune pathways involved. Therefore, advances in new omics technologies in atopic dermatitis will play a key role in understanding the pathogenesis of this burden disease and could develop preventive strategies and personalized treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in genetics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metagenomics and understand how integrating multiple omics datasets will identify potential biomarkers and uncover nets of associations between several molecular levels.