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Prigot-Maurice C, Depeux C, Paulhac H, Braquart-Varnier C, Beltran-Bech S. Immune priming in Armadillidiumvulgare against Salmonellaenterica: direct or indirect costs on life history traits? Zookeys 2022; 1101:131-158. [PMID: 36760973 PMCID: PMC9848923 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1101.77216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invertebrate immune priming is defined as an enhanced protection against secondary pathogenic infections when individuals have been previously exposed to the same or a different pathogen. Immune priming can be energetically costly for individuals, thus impacting trade-offs between life-history traits, like reproduction, growth, and lifetime. Here, the reproductive cost(s) and senescence patterns of immune priming against S.enterica in the common woodlouse A.vulgare (Crustacea, Isopoda) were investigated. Four different groups of females were used that either (1) have never been injected (control), (2) were injected twice with S.enterica (7 days between infections), (3) were firstly injected with LB-broth, then with S.enterica, and (4) females injected only once with S.enterica. All females were allowed to breed with one non-infected male and were observed for eight months. Then, the number of clutches produced, the time taken to produce the clutch(es), the number of offspring in each clutch, the senescence biomarkers of females, and parameters of their haemocytes were compared. The result was that immune priming did not significantly impact reproductive abilities, senescence patterns, and haemocyte parameters of female A.vulgare, but had an indirect effect through body weight. The lighter immune primed females took less time to produce the first clutch, which contained less offspring, but they were more likely to produce a second clutch. The opposite effects were observed in the heavier immune primed females. By highlighting that immune priming was not as costly as expected in A.vulgare, these results provide new insights into the adaptive nature of this immune process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cybèle Prigot-Maurice
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, F-86073 POITIERS Cedex 9, FranceUniversité de PoitiersPoitiersFrance
| | - Charlotte Depeux
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, F-86073 POITIERS Cedex 9, FranceUniversité de PoitiersPoitiersFrance
| | - Hélène Paulhac
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, F-86073 POITIERS Cedex 9, FranceUniversité de PoitiersPoitiersFrance
| | - Christine Braquart-Varnier
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, F-86073 POITIERS Cedex 9, FranceUniversité de PoitiersPoitiersFrance
| | - Sophie Beltran-Bech
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, F-86073 POITIERS Cedex 9, FranceUniversité de PoitiersPoitiersFrance
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Carmona-Peña SP, Vázquez-Chagoyán JC, Castro DP, Genta FA, Contreras-Garduño J. Benefits and costs of immune memory in Rhodnius prolixus against Trypanosoma cruzi. Microb Pathog 2022; 165:105505. [PMID: 35341956 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence supporting the immune memory in invertebrates, but the studies are relatively neglected in insect vectors other than mosquitoes. Therefore, we tested two hypotheses: 1) Rhodnius prolixus insects possess immune memory against Trypanosoma cruzi, and 2) their immune memory is costly. The Dm28c and Y strains of T. cruzi were used, the former being more infective than the latter. On the one hand, the triatomines subjected to dual challenges with the Dm28c strain did not show significant differences in survival than those of the heterologous challenge groups control-Dm28c and Y-Dm28c. On the other hand, the insects survived longer after a dual Y-Y challenge than after the corresponding heterologous challenge (control-Y). The Y-Y, Dm28c-Y, and naïve groups showed similar survival. There was more prolonged survival following the Y-Y versus Dm28c-Dm28c dual challenge. The Dm28c-Dm28c group exhibited moulting sooner than the control-Dm28c or naïve group. In contrast, there were no differences in the probability of moulting between the Y-Y and naïve groups. The results suggest that triatomines have immune memory against the Y but not the Dm28c strain. Further investigation on triatomine and T. cruzi interaction is needed to determine if infectivity accelerates or delay growth due to innate immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Carmona-Peña
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Mexico
| | - J C Vázquez-Chagoyán
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - D P Castro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - F A Genta
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - J Contreras-Garduño
- ENES, UNAM, Unidad Morelia, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda San José de la Huerta, C.P, 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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Prakash A, Agashe D, Khan I. The costs and benefits of basal infection resistance vs immune priming responses in an insect. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:104261. [PMID: 34536466 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In insects, basal pathogen resistance and immune priming can evolve as mutually exclusive strategies, with distinct infection outcomes. However, the evolutionary drivers of such diverse immune functions remain poorly understood. Here, we addressed this key issue by systematically analyzing the differential fitness costs and benefits of priming vs resistance evolution in Tribolium beetle populations infected with Bacillus thuringiensis. Surprisingly, resistant beetles had increased post-infection reproduction and a longer lifespan under both starving as well as fed conditions, with no other measurable costs. In contrast, priming reduced offspring early survival, development rate and reproduction. Priming did improve post-infection survival of offspring, but this added trans-generational benefit of immune priming might not compensate for its pervasive costs. Resistance was thus consistently more beneficial. Overall, our work demonstrates the evolutionary change in trans-generational priming response, and provides a detailed comparison of the complex fitness consequences of evolved priming vs resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Prakash
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Deepa Agashe
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India.
| | - Imroze Khan
- Ashoka University, Plot No. 2, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, P.O. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India.
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Pu YC, Wang R, Liu HH, Lu SP, Tang FX, Hou YM. Immunosenescence along with direct physiological allocation trade-offs between life history and immunity in the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 123:104143. [PMID: 34051204 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent works have generally indicated that insects exhibit two immune response strategies: external and internal immune defense. However, the immune-related trade-offs and physiological regulatory mechanisms in red palm weevil, a major invasive pest, remain unclear. Based on postinfection survivorship experiments, we initially measured baseline constitutive external immunity (antibacterial activity of external secretions) and internal immunity (phenoloxidase and antibacterial activity of hemolymph) in uninfected individuals. Then, we challenged the individual immune system and examined subsequent investment in immune function. Our data showed that multiple factors (instar, age, sex, mating status, immune treatment) interacted to affect immune components and infection outcomes, but the magnitude and nature of the impact varied in each case. Although immune senescence is a common phenomenon in which immune function decreases with age, different components of the immune system changed differentially. Notably, mating activity may impose an immunity-related cost, with some evidence of sexual dimorphism and age-associated differences. Finally, parameters related to life-history traits usually decreased temporarily because of increased immunity, suggesting that the ultimate consequences of immune function fitness may be physiologically traded off with other fitness aspects, including growth, development, mating, reproduction, and longevity. These results reveal the complex factors that impact immunity as well as the physiological regulation of individual immunity, which may determine the evolution and outcome of immune senescence and trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Pu
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China; State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Hui-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Sheng-Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Fan-Xi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - You-Ming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.
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A Sustained Immune Response Supports Long-Term Antiviral Immune Priming in the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.02777-19. [PMID: 32156821 PMCID: PMC7064767 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02777-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, innate immune priming has been evidenced in many invertebrate phyla. If mechanistic models have been proposed, molecular studies aiming to substantiate these models have remained scarce. We reveal here the transcriptional signature associated with immune priming in the oyster Crassostrea gigas Oysters were fully protected against Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1), a major oyster pathogen, after priming with poly(I·C), which mimics viral double-stranded RNA. Global analysis through RNA sequencing of oyster and viral genes after immune priming and viral infection revealed that poly(I·C) induces a strong antiviral response that impairs OsHV-1 replication. Protection is based on a sustained upregulation of immune genes, notably genes involved in the interferon pathway and apoptosis, which control subsequent viral infection. This persistent antiviral alert state remains active over 4 months and supports antiviral protection in the long term. This acquired resistance mechanism reinforces the molecular foundations of the sustained response model of immune priming. It further opens the way to applications (pseudovaccination) to cope with a recurrent disease that causes dramatic economic losses in the shellfish farming industry worldwide.IMPORTANCE In the last decade, important discoveries have shown that resistance to reinfection can be achieved without a functional adaptive immune system, introducing the concept of innate immune memory in invertebrates. However, this field has been constrained by the limited number of molecular mechanisms evidenced to support these phenomena. Taking advantage of an invertebrate species, the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), in which we evidenced one of the longest and most effective periods of protection against viral infection observed in an invertebrate, we provide the first comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of antiviral innate immune priming. We show that priming with poly(I·C) induced a massive upregulation of immune-related genes, which control subsequent viral infection, and it was maintained for over 4 months after priming. This acquired resistant mechanism reinforces the molecular foundations of the sustained response model of immune priming. It opens the way to pseudovaccination to prevent the recurrent diseases that currently afflict economically or ecologically important invertebrates.
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Khan I, Prakash A, Agashe D. Pathogen susceptibility and fitness costs explain variation in immune priming across natural populations of flour beetles. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1332-1342. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Imroze Khan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research GKVK Bangalore India
- Ashoka University Sonepat Rai India
| | - Arun Prakash
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research GKVK Bangalore India
| | - Deepa Agashe
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research GKVK Bangalore India
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Shaw DK, Tate AT, Schneider DS, Levashina EA, Kagan JC, Pal U, Fikrig E, Pedra JHF. Vector Immunity and Evolutionary Ecology: The Harmonious Dissonance. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:862-873. [PMID: 30301592 PMCID: PMC6218297 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent scientific breakthroughs have significantly expanded our understanding of arthropod vector immunity. Insights in the laboratory have demonstrated how the immune system provides resistance to infection, and in what manner innate defenses protect against a microbial assault. Less understood, however, is the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on microbial-vector interactions and the impact of the immune system on arthropod populations in nature. Furthermore, the influence of genetic plasticity on the immune response against vector-borne pathogens remains mostly elusive. Herein, we discuss evolutionary forces that shape arthropod vector immunity. We focus on resistance, pathogenicity and tolerance to infection. We posit that novel scientific paradigms should emerge when molecular immunologists and evolutionary ecologists work together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana K Shaw
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Ann T Tate
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - David S Schneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elena A Levashina
- Vector Biology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan C Kagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Utpal Pal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Joao H F Pedra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Abstract
Although reproductive strategies can be influenced by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, life history theory provides a rigorous framework for explaining variation in reproductive effort. The terminal investment hypothesis proposes that a decreased expectation of future reproduction (as might arise from a mortality threat) should precipitate increased investment in current reproduction. Terminal investment has been widely studied, and a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic cues that elicit such a response have been identified across an array of taxa. Although terminal investment is often treated as a static strategy, the level at which a cue of decreased future reproduction is sufficient to trigger increased current reproductive effort (i.e., the terminal investment threshold) may depend on context, including the internal state of the organism or its current external environment, independent of the cue that triggers a shift in reproductive investment. Here, we review empirical studies that address the terminal investment hypothesis, exploring both the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that mediate its expression. Based on these studies, we propose a novel framework within which to view the strategy of terminal investment, incorporating factors that influence an individual's residual reproductive value beyond a terminal investment trigger - the dynamic terminal investment threshold.
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