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Chérif N, Zouari M, Amdouni F, Mefteh M, Ksouri A, Bouhaouala-Zahar B, Raouafi N. Direct Amperometric Sensing of Fish Nodavirus RNA Using Gold Nanoparticle/DNA-Based Bioconjugates. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10080932. [PMID: 34451396 PMCID: PMC8398327 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the design of a simple and highly sensitive electrochemical bioanalytical method enabling the direct detection of a conserved RNA region within the capsid protein gene of a fish nodavirus, making use of nanostructured disposable electrodes. To achieve this goal, we select a conserved region within the nodavirus RNA2 segment to design a DNA probe that is tethered to the surface of nanostructured disposable screen-printed electrodes. In a proof-of-principle test, a synthetic RNA sequence is detected based on competitive hybridization between two oligonucleotides (biotinylated reporter DNA and target RNA) complimentary to a thiolated DNA capture probe. The method is further validated using extracted RNA samples obtained from healthy carrier Sparus aurata and clinically infected Dicentrarchus labrax fish specimens. In parallel, the sensitivity of the newly described biosensor is compared with a new real-time RT-PCR protocol. The current differences measured in the negative control and in presence of each concentration of target RNA are used to determine the dynamic range of the assay. We obtain a linear response (R2 = 0.995) over a range of RNA concentrations from 0.1 to 25 pM with a detection limit of 20 fM. The results are in good agreement with the results found by the RT-qPCR. This method provides a promising approach toward a more effective diagnosis and risk assessment of viral diseases in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Chérif
- Laboratory of Aquaculture (LR 16INSTM03), National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies, 28 Rue de 2 Mars, Salamboo 1934, Tunisia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +21-652-557-705; Fax: +21-671-735-848
| | - Mohamed Zouari
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (LR99ES15), Sensors and Biosensors Group, Tunis Faculty of Science, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (M.Z.); (M.M.); (N.R.)
| | - Fatma Amdouni
- Laboratory of Aquaculture (LR 16INSTM03), National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies, 28 Rue de 2 Mars, Salamboo 1934, Tunisia;
| | - Marwa Mefteh
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (LR99ES15), Sensors and Biosensors Group, Tunis Faculty of Science, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (M.Z.); (M.M.); (N.R.)
| | - Ayoub Ksouri
- Laboratory of Venoms and Therapeutic Molecules (LR16IPT08), 1” Place Pasteur, BP74, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (A.K.); (B.B.-Z.)
| | - Balkiss Bouhaouala-Zahar
- Laboratory of Venoms and Therapeutic Molecules (LR16IPT08), 1” Place Pasteur, BP74, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (A.K.); (B.B.-Z.)
- Medical School of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Raouafi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (LR99ES15), Sensors and Biosensors Group, Tunis Faculty of Science, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (M.Z.); (M.M.); (N.R.)
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Liu J, Qin Q, Zhang X, Li C, Yu Y, Huang X, Mukama O, Zeng L, Wang S. Development of a Novel Lateral Flow Biosensor Combined With Aptamer-Based Isolation: Application for Rapid Detection of Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:886. [PMID: 32508768 PMCID: PMC7249735 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) has infected more than 50 fish species worldwide, and has caused serious economic losses in the aquaculture industries. However, there is no effective antiviral therapy. The development of a rapid and accurate point-of-care diagnostic method for the prevention and control of NNV infection is urgently required. Commonly used methods for NNV detection include the cell culture-based assay, antibody-based assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay. However, these methods have disadvantages as they are time-consuming and complex. In the present study, we developed a simple and sensitive aptamer-based lateral flow biosensor (LFB) method for the rapid detection of red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV). An aptamer is a single-stranded nucleotide, which can specifically bind to the target and has many advantages. Based on a previously selected aptamer, which specifically bound to the coat protein of RGNNV (RGNNV-CP), two modified aptamers were used in this study. One aptamer was used for magnetic bead enrichment and the other was used for isothermal strand displacement amplification (SDA). After amplification, the product was further tested by the LFB, and the detection results were observed by the naked eye within 5 min with high specificity and sensitivity. The LFB method could detect RGNNV-CP protein as low as 5 ng/mL or 5 × 103 RGNNV-infected GB (grouper brain) cells. Overall, it is the first application of a LFB combined with aptamer in the rapid diagnosis of virus from aquatic animals, which provides a new option for virus detection in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Li
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yepin Yu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Omar Mukama
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingwen Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhu Q, Wang Y, Feng J. Rapid diagnosis of largemouth bass ranavirus in fish samples using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 52:101569. [PMID: 32268179 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV) has been recognized as the causative pathogen responsible for infectious skin ulcerative syndrome in cultured largemouth bass in China. A fast and simple LMBV detection method is urgently needed. Here, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was established for the detection of this virus using primers targeting the major capsid protein gene of LMBV. The amplification conditions were optimized; the assay was specific for the diagnosis of LMBV, as there was no cross-reactivity with other four Iridoviridae viruses (large yellow croaker iridovirus, Singapore grouper iridovirus, tiger frog virus, and soft-shelled turtle iridovirus), grass carp reovirus, white spot syndrome virus, or healthy largemouth bass. The sensitivity of the LAMP assay was found to be 8.55 × 101 copies/μL of LMBV DNA, which was 10-fold higher than that of the conventional PCR. Application of the LAMP assay was evaluated using 10 clinical samples, and the results indicated the reliability of the test as a rapid, field diagnostic tool for LMBV detection. Thus, the simplicity and nearly instrument-free LAMP method provides an alternative for rapid and sensitive detection of LMBV and has great potential for early diagnosis of LMBV infection in the farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinchao Zhu
- Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Junli Feng
- Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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Betanodavirus and VER Disease: A 30-year Research Review. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020106. [PMID: 32050492 PMCID: PMC7168202 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreaks of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), caused by nervous necrosis virus (NNV), represent one of the main infectious threats for marine aquaculture worldwide. Since the first description of the disease at the end of the 1980s, a considerable amount of research has gone into understanding the mechanisms involved in fish infection, developing reliable diagnostic methods, and control measures, and several comprehensive reviews have been published to date. This review focuses on host–virus interaction and epidemiological aspects, comprising viral distribution and transmission as well as the continuously increasing host range (177 susceptible marine species and epizootic outbreaks reported in 62 of them), with special emphasis on genotypes and the effect of global warming on NNV infection, but also including the latest findings in the NNV life cycle and virulence as well as diagnostic methods and VER disease control.
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Liu XF, Wu YH, Wei SN, Wang N, Li YZ, Zhang NW, Li PF, Qin QW, Chen SL. Establishment and characterization of a brain-cell line from kelp grouper Epinephelus moara. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 92:298-307. [PMID: 29333652 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new brain-cell line, EMB, was developed from kelp grouper Epinephelus moara, a cultured marine fish. The EMB cells were subcultured for more than 60 passages. The cells were cultured in Leibovitz's L-15 medium (L15) supplemented with antibiotics, foetal bovine serum (FBS), 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The cells could grow at 18-30° C, with the maximum growth between 24 and 30° C. The optimum FBS concentration for the cells growth ranged between 15 and 20%. Chromosome analysis indicated that the modal chromosome number was 48 in the cells at passage 45. After being transfected with pEGFP-N3 plasmid, the cells could successfully express green fluorescence protein (GFP), implying that this cell line can be used for transgenic studies. A significant cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed in the cells after infection with Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) or red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) and the viral replication was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qrt-PCR) assay, which suggested EMB's application potential for studies of SGIV and RGNNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
- College of Marine Life, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Y H Wu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - S N Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - N Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Y Z Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - N W Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - P F Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Q W Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - S L Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
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Liu XF, Wu YH, Wei SN, Wang N, Li PF, Li YZ, Zhang NW, Qin QW, Chen SL. Establishment and characterization of a kidney cell line from kelp grouper Epinephelus moara. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:87-93. [PMID: 29214431 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel cell line, Epinephelus moara kidney cell line (EMK), was established from kidneys of kelp grouper E. moara. Cells were cultured at 24 °C in Leibovitz's L-15 medium (L15) supplemented with antibiotics, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), foetal bovine serum (FBS) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). EMK cells, fibroblastic in morphology, proliferated to 100% confluency in 3-4 days and were subcultured for over 50 passages. The cells could grow from 18 to 30 °C, with optimal growth at 24 °C. Chromosome analysis indicated that the modal chromosome number was 48 in the cells at passage 42. Green fluorescent signals could be observed in EMK cells when the cells were transfected with pEGFP-N3 plasmid. Moreover, a significant cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed in the cells after infection with Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) or nervous necrosis virus (NNV), and viral replication was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). These results suggested the potential of the EMK cell line for studies of transgene and pathogenesis of SGIV and NNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
- College of Marine Life, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ya-Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shi-Na Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yang-Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Nian-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qi-Wei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Song-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China.
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Gao F, Jiang JZ, Wang JY, Wei HY. Real-time isothermal detection of Abalone herpes-like virus and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus using recombinase polymerase amplification. J Virol Methods 2017; 251:92-98. [PMID: 28962967 PMCID: PMC7113691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to use RPA to detect AbHV and RGNNV. Reaction can be finished at 37 °C in 20 min; time can be further reduced to 5 min for high viral load sample. The detection limits are 100 viral DNA copies per reaction for both viruses. Detection methods for both viruses have good specificity without false positive results.
Abalone herpes-like virus (AbHV) and Red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) are two serious viruses that infect animal populations in aquaculture. Both viruses cause diseases associated with high mortality rates, resulting in dramatic economic losses in the aquaculture industry. There are currently no effective treatments for either of these two viral diseases. Thus, early, rapid, and accurate diagnosis plays a fundamental role in disease prevention and control in aquaculture. Traditional methods of diagnosis, such as virus culture, enzyme-linked immunoassay, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are either time consuming or require sophisticated temperature control devices. In this study, one sets of specific primers and probes were designed for the real-time quantitative recombinase polymerase amplification (qRPA) detection of AbHV and RGNNV separately. The sensitivity and specificity of detection were evaluated by comparison with detection by conventional PCR and quantitative PCR. The optimal reaction temperature and time for virus detection is 37 °C for 20 min. The detection limit is 100 copies per reaction, making this approach faster and more sensitive than qPCR in this study. In a field application, the detection percentage of qRPA was higher than that of qPCR for both AbHV and NNV. Additionally, good correlation was found between qRPA and qPCR detection (R2 > 0.8). The methods presented here can be used as alternatives to qPCR for quick and quantitative detection of pathogens infecting aquaculture species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Jing-Zhe Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China.
| | - Jiang-Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China.
| | - Hong-Ying Wei
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Toubanaki DK, Karagouni E. Genotype-specific real-time PCR combined with high-resolution melting analysis for rapid identification of red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2315-2328. [PMID: 28451901 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A real-time genotype-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay combined with high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis was developed to assess the most common genotypes of nervous necrosis viruses or nodaviruses. Nodaviruses are the causal agents of viral nervous necrosis infections, which have been wreaking havoc in the aquaculture industry worldwide, with fish mortality up to 100%. The four different genotypes of nodaviruses correlate with differences in viral pathogenicity. Therefore, rational development of effective vaccines and diagnostics requires analysis of genetic variation among viruses. The aim of the present study was to develop a real-time tetra-primer genotype-specific PCR assay for genotype identification. Four primers were utilized for simultaneous amplification of nodavirus genotype-specific products in a single closed-tube PCR after a reverse-transcription reaction using RNA isolated from fish samples. For high-throughput sample analysis, SYBR Green-based real-time PCR was used in combination with HRM analysis. The assay was evaluated in terms of specificity and sensitivity. The analysis resulted in melting curves that were indicative of each genotype. The detection limit when using reference plasmids was 100 ag/µL for both genotypes, while the sensitivity of the assays when testing a complex mixture was 10 fg/µL for red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) and 100 fg/µL for striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV). To test the capability of this method under real-world conditions, 58 samples were examined. All samples belonged to the RGNNV genotype, which was fully validated. The results were in full agreement with genotyping by reference methods. The proposed methodology provides a rapid, sensitive, specific, robust and automatable assay for nodavirus genotyping, making it a useful tool for diagnosis and screening for epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra K Toubanaki
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521, Athens, Greece.
| | - Evdokia Karagouni
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521, Athens, Greece
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Costa JZ, Thompson KD. Understanding the interaction between Betanodavirus and its host for the development of prophylactic measures for viral encephalopathy and retinopathy. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 53:35-49. [PMID: 26997200 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, the causative agent of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) disease has become a serious problem of marine finfish aquaculture, and more recently the disease has also been associated with farmed freshwater fish. The virus has been classified as a Betanodavirus within the family Nodaviridae, and the fact that Betanodaviruses are known to affect more than 120 different farmed and wild fish and invertebrate species, highlights the risk that Betanodaviruses pose to global aquaculture production. Betanodaviruses have been clustered into four genotypes, based on the RNA sequence of the T4 variable region of their capsid protein, and are named after the fish species from which they were first derived i.e. Striped Jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV), Tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus (TPNNV), Barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus (BFNNV) and Red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), while an additional genotype turbot betanodavirus strain (TNV) has also been proposed. However, these genotypes tend to be associated with a particular water temperature range rather than being species-specific. Larvae and juvenile fish are especially susceptible to VER, with up to 100% mortality resulting in these age groups during disease episodes, with vertical transmission of the virus increasing the disease problem in smaller fish. A number of vaccine preparations have been tested in the laboratory and in the field e.g. inactivated virus, recombinant proteins, virus-like particles and DNA based vaccines, and their efficacy, based on relative percentage survival, has ranged from medium to high levels of protection to little or no protection. Ultimately a combination of effective prophylactic measures, including vaccination, is needed to control VER, and should also target larvae and broodstock stages of production to help the industry deal with the problem of vertical transmission. As yet there are no commercial vaccines for VER and the aquaculture industry eagerly awaits such a product. In this review we provide an overview on the current state of knowledge of the disease, the pathogen, and interactions between betanodavirus and its host, to provide a greater understanding of the multiple factors involved in the disease process. Such knowledge is needed to develop effective methods for controlling VER in the field, to protect the various aquaculture species farmed globally from the different Betanodavirus genotypes to which they are susceptible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Z Costa
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Scotland, EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Kim D Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Scotland, EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
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Detection of coat protein gene of nervous necrosis virus using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:235-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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11
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Su ZD, Shi CY, Huang J, Shen GM, Li J, Wang SQ, Fan C. Establishment and application of cross-priming isothermal amplification coupled with lateral flow dipstick (CPA-LFD) for rapid and specific detection of red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus. Virol J 2015; 12:149. [PMID: 26409445 PMCID: PMC4583742 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) is an important pathogen that causes diseases in many species of fish in marine aquaculture. The larvae and juveniles are more easily infected by RGNNV and the cumulative mortality is as high as 100 % after being infected with RGNNV. This virus imposes a serious threat to aquaculture of grouper fry. This study aimed to establish a simple, accurate and highly sensitive method for rapid detection of RGNNV on the spot. Methods In this study, the primers specifically targeting RGNNV were designed and cross-priming isothermal amplification (CPA) system was established. The product amplified by CPA was detected through visualization with lateral flow dipstick (LFD). Three important parameters, including the amplification temperature, the concentration of dNTPs and the concentration of Mg2+ for the CPA system, were optimized. The sensitivity and specificity of this method for RGNNV were tested and compared with those of the conventional RT-PCR and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Results The optimized conditions for the CPA amplification system were determined as follows: the optimal amplification temperature, the optimized concentration of dNTPs and the concentration for Mg2+ were 69 °C, 1.2 mmol/L and 5 mmol/L, respectively. The lowest limit of detection (LLOD) of this method for RGNNV was 101 copies/μL of RNA sample, which was 10 times lower than that of conventional RT-PCR and comparable to that of RT-qPCR. This method was specific for RGNNV in combination with SJNNV and had no cross-reactions with 8 types of virus and bacterial strains tested. This method was successfully applied to detect RGNNV in fish samples. Conclusions This study established a CPA-LFD method for detection of RGNNV. This method is simple and rapid with high sensitivity and good specificity and can be widely applied for rapid detection of this virus on the spot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Dan Su
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, P. R. China. .,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng Yin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, P. R. China. .,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, P. R. China. .,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, P. R. China.
| | - Gui Ming Shen
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, P. R. China. .,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, P. R. China. .,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, P. R. China. .,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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