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Reda R, Khalil AA, Elhady M, Tayel SI, Ramadan EA. Anti-parasitic activity of garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) extracts against Dactylogyrus spp. (Monogenean) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Hematology, immune response, histopathological investigation, and inflammatory cytokine genes of gills. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:334. [PMID: 39061083 PMCID: PMC11282636 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gills monogenean infestation causes significant mortalities in cultured fishes as a result of respiratory manifestation. Medicinal plants are currently being heavily emphasized in aquaculture due to their great nutritional, therapeutic, antimicrobial activities, and financial value. METHODS The current study is designed to assess the effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) extracts as a water treatment on the hematological profile, innate immunity, and immune cytokines expression besides histopathological features of gills of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) infected with gills monogenetic trematodes (Dactylogyrus sp.). Firstly, the 96-hour lethal concentration 50 (96 h-LC50) of garlic extract (GE) and onion extract (OE) were estimated to be 0.4 g/ L and 3.54 g/ L for GE and OE, respectively. Moreover, the in-vitro anti-parasitic potential for (GE) was found between 0.02 and 0.18 mg/mL and 0.4 to 1.8 mg/mL for OE. For the therapeutic trial, fish (n = 120; body weight: 40-60 g) were randomly distributed into four groups in triplicates (30 fish/group, 10 fish/replicate) for 3 days. Group1 (G1) was not infected or treated and served as control. G2 was infected with Dactylogyrus spp. and not exposed to any treatment. G3, G4 were infected with Dactylogyrus sp. and treated with 1/10 and 1/5 of 96 h LC50 of OE, respectively. G5, G6 were infected with Dactylogyrus sp. and treated with 1/10 and 1/5 of 96 h LC50 of GE, respectively. RESULTS No apparent signs or behaviors were noted in the control group. Dactylogyrus spp. infected group suffered from clinical signs as Pale color and damaged tissue. Dactylogyrus spp. infection induced lowering of the hematological (HB, MCH, MCHC and WBCs), and immunological variables (lysozyme, nitric oxide, serum Anti- protease activities, and complement 3). the expression of cytokine genes IL-ß and TNF-α were modulated and improved by treatment with A. sativum and A. cepa extracts. The obtained histopathological alterations of the gills of fish infected with (Dactylogyrus spp.) were hyperplasia leading to fusion of the gill filament, lifting of epithelial tissue, aneurism and edema. The results indecated that G4 and G5 is more regenarated epithelium in compare with the control group. CONCLUSION A. sativum and A. cepa extracts enhance the blood profile and nonspecific immune parameters, and down-regulated the expression level of (IL-1β and TNF-α).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Reda
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Alshimaa A Khalil
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Elhady
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Safaa I Tayel
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Al Qanater Al Khairia, 13723, Egypt
| | - Enas A Ramadan
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Al Qanater Al Khairia, 13723, Egypt
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Bertaglia EDA, Furtado WE, Silva E Souza ÂT, Fernandes MC, Pereira SA, Brasil EM, Mouriño JLP, Jerônimo GT, Martins ML. Influence of Seasonality and Culture Stage of Farmed Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) with Monogenean Parasitic Infection. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091525. [PMID: 37174562 PMCID: PMC10177212 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to observe how abiotic and biotic factors in a tropical region influence the rate of monogenean parasitism in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) that are farmed in net cages. A total of 240 sexually reversed fish were analyzed, and 20 from each culture stage were collected during each sampling month. Overall, 60 fish were sampled in April (autumn), 60 in August (winter), 60 in November (spring), and 60 in February (summer). Fish were collected from a commercial fish farm located in Capivara Reservoir in the lower Paranapanema River region of Paraná, Brazil. In total, 3290 monogenean parasites were collected from fish gills of the following species: Cichlidogyrushalli, C. thurstonae, Scutogyruslongicornis, C. cirratus, C. sclerosus, and C. tilapiae. Higher parasitological indices were observed in colder seasons with lower precipitation. Autumn had the highest parasitic infection values compared to the other seasons. The occurrence of monogenean parasites showed a negative correlation with season, in contrast to the culture stage, in which there was a positive correlation. These results may provide a means for establishing adequate fish farm management to predict periods of high monogenean infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth de Aguiar Bertaglia
- AQUOS Laboratory Health of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - William Eduardo Furtado
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ângela Teresa Silva E Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86039-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Manoela Clemente Fernandes
- AQUOS Laboratory Health of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Scheila Anelise Pereira
- AQUOS Laboratory Health of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Elenice Martins Brasil
- AQUOS Laboratory Health of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Pedreira Mouriño
- AQUOS Laboratory Health of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo
- AQUOS Laboratory Health of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Maurício Laterça Martins
- AQUOS Laboratory Health of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
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Liu C, Li J, Qi X, Wang L, Sun D, Zhang J, Zhang K, Li J, Li Y, Wen H. Cytochrome P450 superfamily in spotted sea bass: Genome-wide identification and expression profiles under trichlorfon and environmental stresses. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 46:101078. [PMID: 37121223 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs), as one of the most diverse enzyme superfamilies in nature, play critical functions in antioxidant reactions against endogenous and exogenous compounds. In this study, we performed genome-wide characterization of CYP superfamily members and analyzed their expression patterns under several abiotic stresses in spotted sea bass, which is known as an economically important fish species in the Chinese aquaculture industry. A total of 55 CYP genes were identified and divided into 17 families within 10 clans. The analysis of phylogeny, gene structure, and syntenic relationships provided evidence for the evolution of CYP genes and confirmed their annotation and orthology. The expression of CYP genes was examined in the liver during trichlorfon stress using quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that 20 tested CYP genes displayed significant mRNA expression changes, indicating that they may play crucial roles in the metabolism of trichlorfon and can be potential biomarkers for trichlorfon pollution. Moreover, by screening transcriptomic databases, 10, 3 and 19 CYP genes exhibited differential expression patterns in response to hypoxia, alkalinity and heat stress, respectively. Taken together, this study provided insights into the regulation of CYP genes by toxicological and environmental stresses, laid basis for extensive functional studies of the CYP superfamily in spotted sea bass and other teleost species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Donglei Sun
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Kaiqiang Zhang
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Jianshuang Li
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Yun Li
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Haishen Wen
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Shandong 266003, China.
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Jerônimo GT, Porto EL, Bolson MA, Sargentini-Júnior É, Martins ML, da Cruz MG. Bioaccumulation of trace metals in Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae and in its fish host tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) from fish farms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:30183-30196. [PMID: 36422778 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fish parasites are excellent bioindicators of environmental contamination because they respond quickly to water pollutant chemicals, and they can accumulate high concentrations of trace metals compared to their hosts. Here, we investigated the bioaccumulation pattern of the following: Cd, Ca, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Al, Zn, Ba, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Co. We investigated the presence of trace metals in the acanthocephalan parasite Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae, and the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of metals were tested in the food, muscle, and liver of its host fish Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui). We used samples from four commercial fish farms that also conduct other agribusiness activities. Tissues of the fish along with their parasites were subjected a trace metal concentration analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Most of metals showed significantly higher presence in N. buttnerae than in tambaqui (p < 0.05), with increased level of Na, Pb, Ca, Mn, Zn, Al, and Fe in fish muscle and that of Cr, Ni, Zn, Al, Ca, and Ba in fish liver. Considering all the fish farms, the highest values of BAF were observed for Fe, Al, Zn, and Mn with concentrations up to 35.63, 26.88, 14.12, and 6.66 times higher in acanthocephalan tissues than in the fish muscle, respectively. Moreover, Ba, Ca, and Al showed concentrations up to 18.11, 12.18, and 11.77 times higher in acanthocephalan than in the liver of tambaqui. Our results indicate that the higher the levels of these metals in the parasite, the lower their concentrations in the muscular and hepatic tissues of the fish. Therefore, we suggest that N. buttnerae can directly influence the concentrations of trace metals in the fish tissues and accumulate both essential trace (Fe, Zn, Mn, and Ca) and toxic elements (Al, Pb, and Ba) in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Octavio Jordão Ramos, 1200, Manaus, AM, 69067-005, Brazil.
| | - Edson Luniere Porto
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Octavio Jordão Ramos, 1200, Manaus, AM, 69067-005, Brazil
| | - Marcos Alexandre Bolson
- Laboratório de Química Analítica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, Manaus, AM, 2936, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Ézio Sargentini-Júnior
- Laboratório de Química Analítica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, Manaus, AM, 2936, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Maurício Laterça Martins
- Laboratório AQUOS - Sanidade de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Aquicultura, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, Florianópolis, SC, 1346, 88040-90, Brazil
| | - Matheus Gomes da Cruz
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Octavio Jordão Ramos, 1200, Manaus, AM, 69067-005, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Av. Carvalho Leal, Manaus, AM, 1777, 69085-001, Brazil
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de Araújo PA, Maciel-Honda PO, de Oliveira Costa-Fernandes T, Dos Santos GG, Martins ML. Efficacy of chlorine, sodium chloride and trichlorfon baths against monogenean Dawestrema cycloancistrium parasite of pirarucu Arapaima gigas. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:113-126. [PMID: 36334301 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy of sodium chloride (SC) and trichlorfon (T) against Dawestrema cycloancistrium and its physiological effects on Arapaima gigas. The efficacy of chlorine (C) as a prophylactic disinfectant was also evaluated. In vitro test with 15 treatments were: SC 4, 8, 10, 12, 14 g/L, T0.1, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2 mg/L, and C500, 1000, 3000, 6000 mg/L. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to evaluate parasite damage. The in vivo test was as follows: control, 4 h short baths, once a day, for four consecutive days (SC12 g/L, T5 mg/L); 24 h long baths, for 2 days in 24 h intervals (SC10 g/L, T5 mg/L). In vitro exposure to SC12 and 14 g/L caused 100% mortality of monogeneans at 45 and 60 min, while at T3.2 and 1.6 mg/L 100% of monogeneans died at 30 and 60 min, respectively. In vitro exposure to C resulted in complete mortality after 2-5 min exposure. The SC and T LD50-96 h were 9.9 g/L and 9.73 mg/L, respectively. All in vivo treatments presented efficacy above or close to 90%, with low survival in the long baths. C, starting at 500 mg/L for 5 min, can be used as a disinfectant. Short baths with SC12 g/L and T5 mg/L are recommended for D. cycloancistrium infestations in Arapaima.
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Serra BNV, Martins ML, Pereira SA, Chagas EC, Chaves FCM, de Oliveira MIB, Jerônimo GT. Ovicidal effect of essential oils of Lippia alba, Lippia sidoides and Lippia gracilis on the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Eoacanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:569-577. [PMID: 35080019 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acanthocephalosis in tambaqui Colossoma macropomum culture is a limiting factor for the production of the species, being the most recurrent, which makes it necessary to develop strategies to control parasitosis even in the early stages of parasite development. This study aimed to elucidate the morphological characteristics of eggs of the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae and the ovicidal effect of the essential oils of Lippia alba, Lippia sidoides, and Lippia gracilis. The parasites were collected from hosts naturally infected with N. buttnerae, and the eggs obtained from the female 'parasites' abdominal cavity were added to 12-well plates containing the essential oils at different dilutions. After the eggs (N = 300) were separated and measured (length and width) with the aid of an optical microscope coupled to a digital program, the viability of the treated eggs was monitored 24 h after treatments, L. gracilis essential oil was 100% effective at the highest concentration, whereas L. sidoides essential oil showed over 50% efficacy at 2 mg/ml, reaching 100% efficacy at all higher concentrations. Lippia. alba essential oil did not show satisfactory efficacy in preventing N. buttnerae egg hatching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Natally Viana Serra
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Maurício Laterça Martins
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Scheila Anelise Pereira
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Edsandra Campos Chagas
- Embrapa Western Amazon, Manaus, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program Animal Science and Fishing Resources (PPGCARP), Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Inês Braga de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program Animal Science and Fishing Resources (PPGCARP), Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program Animal Science and Fishing Resources (PPGCARP), Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
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Cordeiro Bentes SP, Gomes da Cruz M, Jerônimo GT, Coimbra FC, Gonçalves LU. Chloramine-T application for Trichodina sp. in Arapaima gigas juveniles: Acute toxicity, histopathology, efficacy, and physiological effects. Vet Parasitol 2022; 303:109667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Negreiros LP, Carvalho VM, Lima TA, Sousa EX, Tavares-Dias M. Seeds of Cucurbita maxima and Carica papaya are effective for controlling monogeneans in the gills of Leporinus macrocephalus. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2022; 31:e006822. [PMID: 35674534 PMCID: PMC9901877 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the anthelminthic efficacy of seeds of Cucurbita maxima and Carica papaya for controlling monogeneans in the gills of Leporinus macrocephalus, besides hepatosomatic and splenosomatic index and condition factor of host. The fish were fed with seeds of C. maxima or C. papaya for seven days, and these treatments did not cause any mortality among them. Jainus leporini, Urocleidoides paradoxus, Urocleidoides eremitus and Tereancistrum parvus were the monogeneans found, and their prevalence in fish fed with seeds of C. papaya was 100%, while in fish fed with C. maxima the prevalence was 42.8%. Fish fed with seeds of C. papaya showed decreased in intensity and abundance of monogeneans, while fish fed with seeds of C. maxima presented decreased in abundance. Feeding of L. macrocephalus with seeds of C. maxima or C. papaya had efficacy of 69.6 and 67.8%, respectively. The hepatosomatic index of fish fed with seeds of C. maxima or C. papaya was not affected by the treatments. However, the splenosomatic index and condition factor of fish fed with C. maxima seeds decreased. Seeds of C. maxima and C. papaya may be used for controlling monogeneans of L. macrocephalus in fish farming.
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