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Kuo KL, Chiang CW, Chen YMA, Yu CC, Lee TS. Folic Acid Ameliorates Renal Injury in Experimental Obstructive Nephropathy: Role of Glycine N-Methyltransferase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076859. [PMID: 37047834 PMCID: PMC10095475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Folic acid exerts both anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. Glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT), the major folic acid-binding protein in the liver, is a crucial enzyme that regulates the cellular methylation process by maintaining S-adenosylmethionine levels. However, as yet neither the therapeutic effects of folic acid in renal fibrosis nor whether GNMT is involved in these folic acid-associated mechanisms has been investigated. First, the expression of GNMT was examined in human kidneys with or without obstructive nephropathy. Later, wild-type and GNMT knockout (GNMT-/-) mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and then treated with either folic acid or vehicle for 14 days. Renal tubular injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and autophagy were evaluated by histological analysis and Western blotting. We observed increased expression of GNMT in humans with obstructive nephropathy. Furthermore, UUO significantly increased the expression of GNMT in mice; in addition, it caused renal injury as well as the development of both hydronephrosis and tubular injury. These were all alleviated by folic acid treatment. In contrast, GNMT-/- mice exhibited exacerbated UUO-induced renal injury, but the protective effect of folic acid was not observed in GNMT-/- mice. We propose a novel role for folic acid in the treatment of renal fibrosis, which indicates that GNMT may be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Lin Kuo
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231405, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wei Chiang
- Department of Physiology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Arthur Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chin Yu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231405, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shyuan Lee
- Graduate Institute, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Yu QQ, Zhang H, Zhao S, Xie D, Zhao H, Chen W, Pang M, Han B, Jiang P. Systematic evaluation of irinotecan-induced intestinal mucositis based on metabolomics analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:958882. [PMID: 36188576 PMCID: PMC9520243 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.958882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis (CIM) is a major dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapy, especially in regimens containing irinotecan (CPT-11). Several studies on the pathologic mechanisms of CIM focused on both the genomics and molecular pathways triggered by chemotherapy. However, systematic evaluation of metabolomic analysis in irinotecan-induced intestinal mucositis (IIM) has not been investigated. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze metabolite changes in main tissues of IIM mouse models. Male ICR mice were assigned to two groups: the model group (n = 11) treated with CPT-11 (20 mg/kg daily; i.p.) and the control group (n= 11) with solvent for 9 days. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to investigate the metabolic alterations in the serum, intestinal, colonic, hepatic, and splenic samples of mice between two groups by multivariate statistical analyses, including GC–MS data processing, pattern recognition analysis, and pathway analysis. Forty-six metabolites, including hydrocarbons, amino acids, lipids, benzenoids, hydroxy acids, and amines, had significant changes in levels in tissues and sera of IIM mouse models. The most important pathways related to the identified metabolites were the glycerolipid metabolism in the colon and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism in the liver. Our study firstly provided a comprehensive and systematic view of metabolic alterations of IIM using GC-MS analysis. The characterizations of metabolic changes could offer profound and theoretical insight into exploring new biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of IIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Yu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical College, Jining, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Shiyuan Zhao
- Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical College, Jining, China
| | - Dadi Xie
- Department of Endocrine, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou, China
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical College, Jining, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical College, Jining, China
| | - Min Pang
- MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Baoqin Han
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Baoqin Han, ; Pei Jiang,
| | - Pei Jiang
- Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical College, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Baoqin Han, ; Pei Jiang,
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Fang CC, Wu CF, Liao YJ, Huang SF, Chen M, Chen YMA. AAV serotype 8-mediated liver specific GNMT expression delays progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and prevents carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13802. [PMID: 30217986 PMCID: PMC6138656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) is abundantly expressed in normal livers and plays a protective role against tumor formation. GNMT depletion leads to progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we investigated the activity of ectopic GNMT delivered using recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy in mouse models of liver cirrhosis and HCC. Injection of AAV serotype 8 (AAV8) vector carrying the GNMT gene (AAV8-GNMT) in Gnmt−/− mice increased GNMT expression and downregulated pro-inflammatory responses, resulting in reduced liver damage and incidence of liver tumors. Moreover, AAV8-GNMT resulted in the amelioration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in BALB/c mice. We showed that AAV8-GNMT protected hepatocytes from CCl4-induced liver damage. AAV8-GNMT significantly attenuated the levels of pro-fibrotic markers and increased efficiency of hepatocyte proliferation. These results suggest that correction of hepatic GNMT by gene therapy of AAV8-mediated gene enhancement may provide a potential strategy for preventing and delaying development of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chieh Fang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fen Wu
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Liao
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Feng Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Marcelo Chen
- Department of Urology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Arthur Chen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Research and Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Li CH, Lin MH, Chu SH, Tu PH, Fang CC, Yen CH, Liang PI, Huang JC, Su YC, Sytwu HK, Chen YMA. Role of glycine N-methyltransferase in the regulation of T-cell responses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mol Med 2015; 20:684-96. [PMID: 25535034 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) is known for its function as a tumor suppressor gene. Since 100% of female Gnmt(-/-) mice developed hepatocellular carcinoma, we hypothesized that Gnmt(-/-) mice may have defective immune surveillance. In this study, we examined the immune modulation of GNMT in T-cell responses using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The results showed that EAE severity was reduced significantly in Gnmt(-/-) mice. Pathological examination of the spinal cords revealed that Gnmt(-/-) mice had significantly lower levels of mononuclear cell infiltration and demyelination than the wild-type mice. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR showed that expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17A, were much lower in the spinal cord of Gnmt(-/-) than in that of wild-type mice. Accordingly, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-specific T-cell proliferation and induction of T-helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells were markedly suppressed in MOG(35-55)-induced Gnmt(-/-) mice. Moreover, the number of regulatory T (Treg) cells was increased significantly in these mice. When the T-cell receptor was stimulated, the proliferative capacity and the activation status of mTOR-associated downstream signaling were decreased significantly in Gnmt(-/-) CD4(+) T cells via an IL-2- and CD25-independent manner. Moreover, GNMT deficiency enhanced the differentiation of Treg cells without affecting the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells. Furthermore, the severity of EAE in mice adoptive transferred with GNMT-deficient CD4(+) T cells was much milder than in those with wild-type CD4(+) T cells. In summary, our findings suggest that GNMT is involved in the pathogenesis of EAE and plays a crucial role in the regulation of CD4(+) T-cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsien Li
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Lin
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Chu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Hsien Tu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Fang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Peir-In Liang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jason C Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Su
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Arthur Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Research and Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Genetic deletion of soluble epoxide hydrolase attenuates inflammation and fibrosis in experimental obstructive nephropathy. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:693260. [PMID: 25688176 PMCID: PMC4320902 DOI: 10.1155/2015/693260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is abundantly expressed in kidney and plays a potent role in regulating inflammatory response in inflammatory diseases. However, the role of sEH in progression of chronic kidney diseases such as obstructive nephropathy is still elusive. In current study, wild-type (WT) and sEH deficient (sEH (-/-)) mice were subjected to the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) surgery and the kidney injury was evaluated by histological examination, western blotting, and ELISA. The protein level of sEH in kidney was increased in UUO-treated mice group compared to nonobstructed group. Additionally, UUO-induced hydronephrosis, renal tubular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis were ameliorated in sEH (-/-) mice with the exception of glomerulosclerosis. Moreover, sEH (-/-) mice with UUO showed lower levels of inflammation-related and fibrosis-related protein such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, collagen 1A1, and α-actin. The levels of superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide as well as NADPH oxidase activity were also decreased in UUO kidneys of sEH (-/-) mice compared to that observed in WT mice. Collectively, our findings suggest that sEH plays an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental obstructive nephropathy and may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of obstructive nephropathy-related diseases.
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Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disorder of the colonic mucosa, and its etiology remains unclear. Animal models are commonly used to study UC, including the murine model of colitis induced with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The murine model of DSS-induced colitis is well appreciated and widely used because of its simplicity, cheapness and high success rate. DSS-induced colitis has many similarities to human UC in location, clinical and histological features. In view of its indispensable position in the study of UC, we provide a brief overview of the animal model of DSS-induced colitis in terms of its features, modelling methods, pathogenesis and influencing factors.
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Obata F, Kuranaga E, Tomioka K, Ming M, Takeishi A, Chen CH, Soga T, Miura M. Necrosis-driven systemic immune response alters SAM metabolism through the FOXO-GNMT axis. Cell Rep 2014; 7:821-33. [PMID: 24746817 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterile inflammation triggered by endogenous factors is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, we demonstrate that apoptosis-deficient mutants spontaneously develop a necrosis-driven systemic immune response in Drosophila and provide an in vivo model for studying the organismal response to sterile inflammation. Metabolomic analysis of hemolymph from apoptosis-deficient mutants revealed increased sarcosine and reduced S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) levels due to glycine N-methyltransferase (Gnmt) upregulation. We showed that Gnmt was elevated in response to Toll activation induced by the local necrosis of wing epidermal cells. Necrosis-driven inflammatory conditions induced dFoxO hyperactivation, leading to an energy-wasting phenotype. Gnmt was cell-autonomously upregulated by dFoxO in the fat body as a possible rheostat for controlling energy loss, which functioned during fasting as well as inflammatory conditions. We propose that the dFoxO-Gnmt axis is essential for the maintenance of organismal SAM metabolism and energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Obata
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Erina Kuranaga
- Laboratory for Histogenetic Dynamics, RIKEN CDB, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Katsura Tomioka
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ming Ming
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Asuka Takeishi
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan.
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