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Fang R. Microbe-induced gene silencing explores interspecies RNAi and opens up possibilities of crop protection. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:626-628. [PMID: 38155277 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongxiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Plant Gene Research Center, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Song H, Gao X, Song L, Jiao Y, Shen L, Yang J, Li C, Shang J, Wang H, Zhang S, Li Y. Unraveling the regulatory network of miRNA expression in Potato Y virus-infected of Nicotiana benthamiana using integrated small RNA and transcriptome sequencing. Front Genet 2024; 14:1290466. [PMID: 38259624 PMCID: PMC10800900 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1290466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) disease is a global problem that causes significant damage to crop quality and yield. As traditional chemical control methods are ineffective against PVY, it is crucial to explore new control strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in plant and animal defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. These endogenous miRNAs act as a link between antiviral gene pathways and host immunity. Several miRNAs target plant immune genes and are involved in the virus infection process. In this study, we conducted small RNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing on healthy and PVY-infected N. benthamiana tissues (roots, stems, and leaves). Through bioinformatics analysis, we predicted potential targets of differentially expressed miRNAs using the N. benthamiana reference genome and the PVY genome. We then compared the identified differentially expressed mRNAs with the predicted target genes to uncover the complex relationships between miRNAs and their targets. This study successfully constructed a miRNA-mRNA network through the joint analysis of Small RNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing, which unveiled potential miRNA targets and identified potential binding sites of miRNAs on the PVY genome. This miRNA-mRNA regulatory network suggests the involvement of miRNAs in the virus infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Song
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xinwen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Liyun Song
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yubing Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Changquan Li
- Liupanshui City Company of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Guizhou, Guizhou, China
| | - Jun Shang
- Liupanshui City Company of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Guizhou, Guizhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Luoyang City Company of Henan Tobacco Company, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Shi S, Wang H, Zha W, Wu Y, Liu K, Xu D, He G, Zhou L, You A. Recent Advances in the Genetic and Biochemical Mechanisms of Rice Resistance to Brown Planthoppers ( Nilaparvata lugens Stål). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16959. [PMID: 38069282 PMCID: PMC10707318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food of more than half of Earth's population. Brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål, BPH) is a host-specific pest of rice responsible for inducing major losses in rice production. Utilizing host resistance to control N. lugens is considered to be the most cost-effective method. Therefore, the exploration of resistance genes and resistance mechanisms has become the focus of breeders' attention. During the long-term co-evolution process, rice has evolved multiple mechanisms to defend against BPH infection, and BPHs have evolved various mechanisms to overcome the defenses of rice plants. More than 49 BPH-resistance genes/QTLs have been reported to date, and the responses of rice to BPH feeding activity involve various processes, including MAPK activation, plant hormone production, Ca2+ flux, etc. Several secretory proteins of BPHs have been identified and are involved in activating or suppressing a series of defense responses in rice. Here, we review some recent advances in our understanding of rice-BPH interactions. We also discuss research progress in controlling methods of brown planthoppers, including cultural management, trap cropping, and biological control. These studies contribute to the establishment of green integrated management systems for brown planthoppers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Shi
- Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (S.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Huiying Wang
- Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (S.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Wenjun Zha
- Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (S.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Yan Wu
- Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (S.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Kai Liu
- Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (S.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Deze Xu
- Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (S.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Guangcun He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (S.S.); (H.W.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aiqing You
- Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (S.S.); (H.W.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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Tang D, Liu Y, Wang C, Li L, Al-Farraj SA, Chen X, Yan Y. Invasion by exogenous RNA: cellular defense strategies and implications for RNA inference. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:573-584. [PMID: 38045546 PMCID: PMC10689678 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-023-00209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous RNA poses a continuous threat to genome stability and integrity across various organisms. Accumulating evidence reveals complex mechanisms underlying the cellular response to exogenous RNA, including endo-lysosomal degradation, RNA-dependent repression and innate immune clearance. Across a variety of mechanisms, the natural anti-sense RNA-dependent defensive strategy has been utilized both as a powerful gene manipulation tool and gene therapy strategy named RNA-interference (RNAi). To optimize the efficiency of RNAi silencing, a comprehensive understanding of the whole life cycle of exogenous RNA, from cellular entry to its decay, is vital. In this paper, we review recent progress in comprehending the recognition and elimination of foreign RNA by cells, focusing on cellular entrance, intracellular transportation, and immune-inflammatory responses. By leveraging these insights, we highlight the potential implications of these insights for advancing RNA interference efficiency, underscore the need for future studies to elucidate the pathways and fates of various exogenous RNA forms, and provide foundational information for more efficient RNA delivery methods in both genetic manipulation and therapy in different organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxu Tang
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity and Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209 China
- Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Chundi Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity and Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209 China
| | - Lifang Li
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity and Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209 China
| | - Saleh A. Al-Farraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiao Chen
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity and Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209 China
- Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Ying Yan
- Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
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Alburquerque N, Pérez-Caselles C, Faize L, Ilardi V, Burgos L. Trans-grafting plum pox virus resistance from transgenic plum rootstocks to apricot scions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1216217. [PMID: 37828929 PMCID: PMC10565502 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1216217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Trans-grafting could be a strategy to transfer virus resistance from a transgenic rootstock to a wild type scion. However contradictory results have been obtained in herbaceous and woody plants. This work was intended to determine if the resistance to sharka could be transferred from transgenic plum rootstocks to wild-type apricot scions grafted onto them. Methods To this end, we conducted grafting experiments of wild- type apricots onto plum plants transformed with a construction codifying a hairpin RNA designed to silence the PPV virus and studied if the resistance was transmitted from the rootstock to the scion. Results Our data support that the RNA-silencing-based PPV resistance can be transmitted from PPV-resistant plum rootstocks to non-transgenic apricot scions and that its efficiency is augmented after successive growth cycles. PPV resistance conferred by the rootstocks was robust, already occurring within the same growing cycle and maintained in successive evaluation cycles. The RNA silencing mechanism reduces the relative accumulation of the virus progressively eliminating the virus from the wild type scions grafted on the transgenic resistant PPV plants. There was a preferential accumulation of the 24nt siRNAs in the scions grafted onto resistant rootstocks that was not found in the scions grafted on the susceptible rootstock. This matched with a significantly lower relative accumulation of hpRNA in the resistant rootstocks compared with the susceptible or the tolerant ones. Discussion Using transgenic rootstocks should mitigate public concerns about transgenes dispersion and eating transgenic food and allow conferring virus resistance to recalcitrant to transformation cultivars or species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Alburquerque
- Fruit Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristian Pérez-Caselles
- Fruit Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Lydia Faize
- Fruit Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Vincenza Ilardi
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-DC), Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Burgos
- Fruit Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
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Wang Y, Li M, Ying J, Shen J, Dou D, Yin M, Whisson SC, Birch PRJ, Yan S, Wang X. High-efficiency green management of potato late blight by a self-assembled multicomponent nano-bioprotectant. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5622. [PMID: 37699893 PMCID: PMC10497615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is a devastating disease worldwide. Unlike other plant pathogens, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is poorly taken up by P. infestans, which is a key obstacle in using dsRNA for disease control. Here, a self-assembled multicomponent nano-bioprotectant for potato late blight management is designed based on dsRNA and a plant elicitor. Nanotechnology overcomes the dsRNA delivery bottleneck for P. infestans and extends the RNAi protective window. The protective effect of nano-enabled dsRNA against infection arises from a synergistic mechanism that bolsters the stability of dsRNA and optimizes its effective intracellular delivery. Additionally, the nano-enabled elicitor enhances endocytosis and amplifies the systemic defense response of the plants. Co-delivery of dsRNA and an elicitor provides a protective effect via the two aspects of pathogen inhibition and elevated plant defense mechanisms. The multicomponent nano-bioprotectant exhibits superior control efficacy compared to a commercial synthetic pesticide in field conditions. This work proposes an eco-friendly strategy to manage devastating plant diseases and pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingshan Li
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiahan Ying
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Shen
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Meizhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Lab of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Stephen C Whisson
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Paul R J Birch
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Science, University of Dundee (at James Hutton Institute), Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Shuo Yan
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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7
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Wen HG, Zhao JH, Zhang BS, Gao F, Wu XM, Yan YS, Zhang J, Guo HS. Microbe-induced gene silencing boosts crop protection against soil-borne fungal pathogens. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1409-1418. [PMID: 37653339 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Small RNA (sRNA)-mediated trans-kingdom RNA interference (RNAi) between host and pathogen has been demonstrated and utilized. However, interspecies RNAi in rhizospheric microorganisms remains elusive. In this study, we developed a microbe-induced gene silencing (MIGS) technology by using a rhizospheric beneficial fungus, Trichoderma harzianum, to exploit an RNAi engineering microbe and two soil-borne pathogenic fungi, Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum, as RNAi recipients. We first detected the feasibility of MIGS in inducing GFP silencing in V. dahliae. Then by targeting a fungal essential gene, we further demonstrated the effectiveness of MIGS in inhibiting fungal growth and protecting dicotyledon cotton and monocotyledon rice plants against V. dahliae and F. oxysporum. We also showed steerable MIGS specificity based on a selected target sequence. Our data verify interspecies RNAi in rhizospheric fungi and the potential application of MIGS in crop protection. In addition, the in situ propagation of a rhizospheric beneficial microbe would be optimal in ensuring the stability and sustainability of sRNAs, avoiding the use of nanomaterials to carry chemically synthetic sRNAs. Our finding reveals that exploiting MIGS-based biofungicides would offer straightforward design and implementation, without the need of host genetic modification, in crop protection against phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Guang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Bo-Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Shan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Ren Q, Wang L, Qian W, Chen B, Shuai Q, Yan Y. Flash Nanoprecipitation Fabrication of PEI@Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Hybrid Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300085. [PMID: 37087721 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising approach for disease treatments. But the development of safe and effective delivery carriers remains a major challenge. Organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles (NPs), with the integration of functions from distinct materials, show great potential in small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery. Herein, pH responsive amorphous calcium carbonate NPs (ACC NPs) are prepared using flash nanoprecipitation and hybrid NPs are constructed by coating ACC NPs with polyethyleneimine (PEI) for efficient siRNA delivery. PEI/ACC NPs show robust pH responsiveness and stability as well as effective siRNA loading and protection. Furthermore, siRNA-loaded PEI/ACC NPs demonstrate enhanced cellular uptake and efficient endosomal escape, mediating improved siRNA delivery compared to pure PEI. These findings suggest that PEI/ACC NPs may have great potential in siRNA delivery for RNAi-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidi Ren
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wenfei Qian
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Baiqiu Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qi Shuai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yunfeng Yan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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Wang S, Zhang J, Nzabanita C, Zhang M, Nie J, Guo L. Fungal Virus, FgHV1-Encoded p20 Suppresses RNA Silencing through Single-Strand Small RNA Binding. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1171. [PMID: 36354938 PMCID: PMC9693516 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal viruses are widespread in fungi infecting plants, insects and animals. High-throughput sequencing has rapidly led to the discovery of fungal viruses. However, the interactive exploration between fungi and viruses is relatively limited. RNA silencing is the fundamental antivirus pathway in fungi. Fusarium graminearum small RNA (sRNA) pattern was regulated by Fusarium graminearum hypovirus 1 (FgHV1) infection, indicating the activation of RNA silencing in virus defense. In this study, we focused on the function of an uncharacterized protein sized at 20 kD (p20) encoded by FgHV1. In the agro-infiltration assay, p20 was identified as a novel fungal RNA silencing suppressor. p20 can block systemic RNA silencing signals besides local RNA silencing suppression. We further elucidated the RNA silencing suppression mechanism of p20. The single-strand sRNA, instead of double-strand sRNA, can be incorporated by p20 in electrophoretic mobility shift assay. p20 binds sRNA originating from virus and non-virus sources in a non-sequence-specific manner. In addition, The F. graminearum 22 and 23-nt sRNA abundance and pathways related to RNA processing and redox regulation were regulated by p20. Our study revealed the first fungal virus-encoded RNA silencing suppressor with sRNA binding capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Clement Nzabanita
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jianhua Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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10
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Wang Y, Liu H, Wang Z, Guo Y, Hu T, Zhou X. P25 and P37 proteins encoded by firespike leafroll-associated virus are viral suppressors of RNA silencing. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:964156. [PMID: 36051767 PMCID: PMC9424829 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.964156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Firespike leafroll-associated virus (FLRaV) is a major pathogen associated with firespike (Odontonema tubaeforme) leafroll disease. Phylogenetic analysis showed that FLRaV possesses typical traits of subgroup II members of ampeloviruses, but encodes two additional proteins, P25 and P37. Here, we determined the microfilament localization of P25 protein. Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) assay showed that both FLRaV P25 and P37 were able to suppress the local and systemic PTGS and FLRaV P25 was capable of suppressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene silencing triggered by both sense RNA-induced PTGS (S-PTGS) and inverted repeat RNA-induced PTGS (IR-PTGS). In contrast, FLRaV P37 was only able to inhibit the GFP silencing triggered by the S-PTGS but not the IR-PTGS. In the transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) assay, only FLRaV P25 was found to be able to reverse established TGS-mediated silencing of GFP in 16-TGS plants. We also found that FLRaV P25 could aggravate the disease symptom and viral titer of potato virus X in N. benthamiana. These results suggest that FLRaV P25 and P37 may have crucial roles in overcoming host RNA silencing, which provides key insights into our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying FLRaV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhanqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Yushuang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Hu,
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xueping Zhou,
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11
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Nityagovsky NN, Kiselev KV, Suprun AR, Dubrovina AS. Exogenous dsRNA Induces RNA Interference of a Chalcone Synthase Gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105325. [PMID: 35628133 PMCID: PMC9142100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations have shown the possibility of artificial induction of RNA interference (RNAi) via plant foliar treatments with naked double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to silence essential genes in plant fungal pathogens or to target viral RNAs. Furthermore, several studies have documented the downregulation of plant endogenous genes via external application of naked gene-specific dsRNAs and siRNAs to the plant surfaces. However, there are limited studies on the dsRNA processing and gene silencing mechanisms after external dsRNA application. Such studies would assist in the development of innovative tools for crop improvement and plant functional studies. In this study, we used exogenous gene-specific dsRNA to downregulate the gene of chalcone synthase (CHS), the key enzyme in the flavonoid/anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, in Arabidopsis. The nonspecific NPTII-dsRNA encoding the nonrelated neomycin phosphotransferase II bacterial gene was used to treat plants in order to verify that any observed effects and processing of AtCHS mRNA were sequence specific. Using high-throughput small RNA (sRNA) sequencing, we obtained six sRNA-seq libraries for plants treated with water, AtCHS-dsRNA, or NPTII-dsRNA. After plant foliar treatments, we detected the emergence of a large number of AtCHS- and NPTII-encoding sRNAs, while there were no such sRNAs after control water treatment. Thus, the exogenous AtCHS-dsRNAs were processed into siRNAs and induced RNAi-mediated AtCHS gene silencing. The analysis showed that gene-specific sRNAs mapped to the AtCHS and NPTII genes unevenly with peak read counts at particular positions, involving primarily the sense strand, and documented a gradual decrease in read counts from 17-nt to 30-nt sRNAs. Results of the present study highlight a significant potential of exogenous dsRNAs as a promising strategy to induce RNAi-based downregulation of plant gene targets for plant management and gene functional studies.
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