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Resolution and Contrast Enhancement for Lensless Digital Holographic Microscopy and Its Application in Biomedicine. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9050358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An important imaging technique in biomedicine, the conventional optical microscopy relies on relatively complicated and bulky lens and alignment mechanics. Based on the Gabor holography, the lensless digital holographic microscopy has the advantages of light weight and low cost. It has developed rapidly and received attention in many fields. However, the finite pixel size at the sensor plane limits the spatial resolution. In this study, we first review the principle of lensless digital holography, then go over some methods to improve image contrast and discuss the methods to enhance the image resolution of the lensless holographic image. Moreover, the applications of lensless digital holographic microscopy in biomedicine are reviewed. Finally, we look forward to the future development and prospect of lensless digital holographic technology.
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Strbkova L, Carson BB, Vincent T, Vesely P, Chmelik R. Automated interpretation of time-lapse quantitative phase image by machine learning to study cellular dynamics during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200024R. [PMID: 32812412 PMCID: PMC7431880 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.8.086502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Machine learning is increasingly being applied to the classification of microscopic data. In order to detect some complex and dynamic cellular processes, time-resolved live-cell imaging might be necessary. Incorporating the temporal information into the classification process may allow for a better and more specific classification. AIM We propose a methodology for cell classification based on the time-lapse quantitative phase images (QPIs) gained by digital holographic microscopy (DHM) with the goal of increasing performance of classification of dynamic cellular processes. APPROACH The methodology was demonstrated by studying epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) which entails major and distinct time-dependent morphological changes. The time-lapse QPIs of EMT were obtained over a 48-h period and specific novel features representing the dynamic cell behavior were extracted. The two distinct end-state phenotypes were classified by several supervised machine learning algorithms and the results were compared with the classification performed on single-time-point images. RESULTS In comparison to the single-time-point approach, our data suggest the incorporation of temporal information into the classification of cell phenotypes during EMT improves performance by nearly 9% in terms of accuracy, and further indicate the potential of DHM to monitor cellular morphological changes. CONCLUSIONS Proposed approach based on the time-lapse images gained by DHM could improve the monitoring of live cell behavior in an automated fashion and could be further developed into a tool for high-throughput automated analysis of unique cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Strbkova
- Brno University of Technology, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Brittany B. Carson
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology (IGP), Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Theresa Vincent
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology (IGP), Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
- NYU School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, New York, United States
| | - Pavel Vesely
- Brno University of Technology, Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Chmelik
- Brno University of Technology, Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno, Czech Republic
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Bouchal P, Štrbková L, Dostál Z, Chmelík R, Bouchal Z. Geometric-Phase Microscopy for Quantitative Phase Imaging of Isotropic, Birefringent and Space-Variant Polarization Samples. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3608. [PMID: 30837653 PMCID: PMC6401004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present geometric-phase microscopy allowing a multipurpose quantitative phase imaging in which the ground-truth phase is restored by quantifying the phase retardance. The method uses broadband spatially incoherent light that is polarization sensitively controlled through the geometric (Pancharatnam-Berry) phase. The assessed retardance possibly originates either in dynamic or geometric phase and measurements are customized for quantitative mapping of isotropic and birefringent samples or multi-functional geometric-phase elements. The phase restoration is based on the self-interference of polarization distinguished waves carrying sample information and providing pure reference phase, while passing through an inherently stable common-path setup. The experimental configuration allows an instantaneous (single-shot) phase restoration with guaranteed subnanometer precision and excellent ground-truth accuracy (well below 5 nm). The optical performance is demonstrated in advanced yet routinely feasible noninvasive biophotonic imaging executed in the automated manner and predestined for supervised machine learning. The experiments demonstrate measurement of cell dry mass density, cell classification based on the morphological parameters and visualization of dynamic dry mass changes. The multipurpose use of the method was demonstrated by restoring variations in the dynamic phase originating from the electrically induced birefringence of liquid crystals and by mapping the geometric phase of a space-variant polarization directed lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Bouchal
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Štrbková
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Dostál
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Chmelík
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Bouchal
- Department of Optics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Bouchal P, Dvořák P, Babocký J, Bouchal Z, Ligmajer F, Hrtoň M, Křápek V, Faßbender A, Linden S, Chmelík R, Šikola T. High-Resolution Quantitative Phase Imaging of Plasmonic Metasurfaces with Sensitivity down to a Single Nanoantenna. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1242-1250. [PMID: 30602118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Optical metasurfaces have emerged as a new generation of building blocks for multifunctional optics. Design and realization of metasurface elements place ever-increasing demands on accurate assessment of phase alterations introduced by complex nanoantenna arrays, a process referred to as quantitative phase imaging. Despite considerable effort, the widefield (nonscanning) phase imaging that would approach resolution limits of optical microscopy and indicate the response of a single nanoantenna still remains a challenge. Here, we report on a new strategy in incoherent holographic imaging of metasurfaces, in which unprecedented spatial resolution and light sensitivity are achieved by taking full advantage of the polarization selective control of light through the geometric (Pancharatnam-Berry) phase. The measurement is carried out in an inherently stable common-path setup composed of a standard optical microscope and an add-on imaging module. Phase information is acquired from the mutual coherence function attainable in records created in broadband spatially incoherent light by the self-interference of scattered and leakage light coming from the metasurface. In calibration measurements, the phase was mapped with the precision and spatial background noise better than 0.01 and 0.05 rad, respectively. The imaging excels at the high spatial resolution that was demonstrated experimentally by the precise amplitude and phase restoration of vortex metalenses and a metasurface grating with 833 lines/mm. Thanks to superior light sensitivity of the method, we demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge the widefield measurement of the phase altered by a single nanoantenna while maintaining the precision well below 0.15 rad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Bouchal
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Brno University of Technology , Technická 2 , 616 69 Brno , Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkyňova 656/123 , 612 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dvořák
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Brno University of Technology , Technická 2 , 616 69 Brno , Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkyňova 656/123 , 612 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Babocký
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Brno University of Technology , Technická 2 , 616 69 Brno , Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkyňova 656/123 , 612 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Bouchal
- Department of Optics , Palacký University , 17. listopadu 1192/12 , 771 46 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Filip Ligmajer
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Brno University of Technology , Technická 2 , 616 69 Brno , Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkyňova 656/123 , 612 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrtoň
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Brno University of Technology , Technická 2 , 616 69 Brno , Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkyňova 656/123 , 612 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Křápek
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Brno University of Technology , Technická 2 , 616 69 Brno , Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkyňova 656/123 , 612 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Faßbender
- Physikalisches Institut , Universität Bonn , Nussallee 12 , 53115 Bonn , Germany
| | - Stefan Linden
- Physikalisches Institut , Universität Bonn , Nussallee 12 , 53115 Bonn , Germany
| | - Radim Chmelík
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Brno University of Technology , Technická 2 , 616 69 Brno , Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkyňova 656/123 , 612 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šikola
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Brno University of Technology , Technická 2 , 616 69 Brno , Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkyňova 656/123 , 612 00 Brno , Czech Republic
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Lam VK, Nguyen TC, Chung BM, Nehmetallah G, Raub CB. Quantitative assessment of cancer cell morphology and motility using telecentric digital holographic microscopy and machine learning. Cytometry A 2018; 93:334-345. [PMID: 29283496 PMCID: PMC8245299 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The noninvasive, fast acquisition of quantitative phase maps using digital holographic microscopy (DHM) allows tracking of rapid cellular motility on transparent substrates. On two-dimensional surfaces in vitro, MDA-MB-231 cancer cells assume several morphologies related to the mode of migration and substrate stiffness, relevant to mechanisms of cancer invasiveness in vivo. The quantitative phase information from DHM may accurately classify adhesive cancer cell subpopulations with clinical relevance. To test this, cells from the invasive breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line were cultured on glass, tissue-culture treated polystyrene, and collagen hydrogels, and imaged with DHM followed by epifluorescence microscopy after staining F-actin and nuclei. Trends in cell phase parameters were tracked on the different substrates, during cell division, and during matrix adhesion, relating them to F-actin features. Support vector machine learning algorithms were trained and tested using parameters from holographic phase reconstructions and cell geometric features from conventional phase images, and used to distinguish between elongated and rounded cell morphologies. DHM was able to distinguish between elongated and rounded morphologies of MDA-MB-231 cells with 94% accuracy, compared to 83% accuracy using cell geometric features from conventional brightfield microscopy. This finding indicates the potential of DHM to detect and monitor cancer cell morphologies relevant to cell cycle phase status, substrate adhesion, and motility. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van K. Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064
| | - Thanh C. Nguyen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064
| | - Byung M. Chung
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064
| | - George Nehmetallah
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064
| | - Christopher B. Raub
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064
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Strbkova L, Zicha D, Vesely P, Chmelik R. Automated classification of cell morphology by coherence-controlled holographic microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-9. [PMID: 28836416 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.8.086008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, classification of cells by machine learning has become frequently used in biology. However, most of the approaches are based on morphometric (MO) features, which are not quantitative in terms of cell mass. This may result in poor classification accuracy. Here, we study the potential contribution of coherence-controlled holographic microscopy enabling quantitative phase imaging for the classification of cell morphologies. We compare our approach with the commonly used method based on MO features. We tested both classification approaches in an experiment with nutritionally deprived cancer tissue cells, while employing several supervised machine learning algorithms. Most of the classifiers provided higher performance when quantitative phase features were employed. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the quantitative phase features played an important role in improving the performance of the classification. The methodology could be valuable help in refining the monitoring of live cells in an automated fashion. We believe that coherence-controlled holographic microscopy, as a tool for quantitative phase imaging, offers all preconditions for the accurate automated analysis of live cell behavior while enabling noninvasive label-free imaging with sufficient contrast and high-spatiotemporal phase sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Strbkova
- Brno University of Technology, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Zicha
- Brno University of Technology, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vesely
- Brno University of Technology, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Chmelik
- Brno University of Technology, Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,, Czech Republic
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Multimodal holographic microscopy: distinction between apoptosis and oncosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121674. [PMID: 25803711 PMCID: PMC4372376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of specific cell death is of a great value for many scientists. Predominant types of cell death can be detected by flow-cytometry (FCM). Nevertheless, the absence of cellular morphology analysis leads to the misclassification of cell death type due to underestimated oncosis. However, the definition of the oncosis is important because of its potential reversibility. Therefore, FCM analysis of cell death using annexin V/propidium iodide assay was compared with holographic microscopy coupled with fluorescence detection - “Multimodal holographic microscopy (MHM)”. The aim was to highlight FCM limitations and to point out MHM advantages. It was shown that the annexin V+/PI− phenotype is not specific of early apoptotic cells, as previously believed, and that morphological criteria have to be necessarily combined with annexin V/PI for the cell death type to be ascertained precisely. MHM makes it possible to distinguish oncosis clearly from apoptosis and to stratify the progression of oncosis.
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Krizova A, Collakova J, Dostal Z, Kvasnica L, Uhlirova H, Zikmund T, Vesely P, Chmelik R. Dynamic phase differences based on quantitative phase imaging for the objective evaluation of cell behavior. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:111214. [PMID: 26340954 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.11.111214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) brought innovation to noninvasive observation of live cell dynamics seen as cell behavior. Unlike the Zernike phase contrast or differential interference contrast, QPI provides quantitative information about cell dry mass distribution. We used such data for objective evaluation of live cell behavioral dynamics by the advanced method of dynamic phase differences (DPDs). The DPDs method is considered a rational instrument offered by QPI. By subtracting the antecedent from the subsequent image in a time-lapse series, only the changes in mass distribution in the cell are detected. The result is either visualized as a two dimensional color-coded projection of these two states of the cell or as a time dependence of changes quantified in picograms. Then in a series of time-lapse recordings, the chain of cell mass distribution changes that would otherwise escape attention is revealed. Consequently, new salient features of live cell behavior should emerge. Construction of the DPDs method and results exhibiting the approach are presented. Advantage of the DPDs application is demonstrated on cells exposed to an osmotic challenge. For time-lapse acquisition of quantitative phase images, the recently developed coherence-controlled holographic microscope was employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Krizova
- Brno University of Technology, Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technicka 2896/2, Brno 61600, Czech RepublicbBrno University of Technology, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno 61600
| | - Jana Collakova
- Brno University of Technology, Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technicka 2896/2, Brno 61600, Czech RepublicbBrno University of Technology, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno 61600
| | - Zbynek Dostal
- Brno University of Technology, Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technicka 2896/2, Brno 61600, Czech RepublicbBrno University of Technology, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno 61600
| | - Lukas Kvasnica
- Brno University of Technology, Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technicka 2896/2, Brno 61600, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Uhlirova
- University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Tomas Zikmund
- Brno University of Technology, Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technicka 2896/2, Brno 61600, Czech RepublicbBrno University of Technology, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno 61600
| | - Pavel Vesely
- Brno University of Technology, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno 61600, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Chmelik
- Brno University of Technology, Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technicka 2896/2, Brno 61600, Czech RepublicbBrno University of Technology, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno 61600
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