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Li Y, Yang X, Shi C, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhang W, Wang P, Zhang H, Yang X, Wen P. Insights into the microscopic heterogeneity of whey proteins between yak colostrum and mature milk based on 4D lable-free quantitative phosphoproteomics. Food Chem 2024; 460:140679. [PMID: 39106750 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the change patterns of the phosphorylation modification status of yak whey phosphoproteins during lactation and their physiological effects. Herein, we comprehensively characterized whey phosphoproteome in yak colostrum and mature milk using an ultra-high throughput phosphoproteomics approach incorporating trapped ion mobility technology. A total of 344 phosphorylation sites from 206 phosphoproteins were identified, with individual site modification predominating. Notably, 117 significantly different phosphorylation sites were distributed on 89 whey phosphoproteins. Gene ontology analysis indicated that these significantly different whey phosphoproteins (SDWPPs) were mainly annotated to carbohydrate metabolic process, membrane, extracellular region and calcium ion binding. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that SDWPPs were critically involved in protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and N-glycan biosynthesis. Our results elucidate the phosphorylation profiles of yak whey phosphoproteins at different lactations and their adaptive regulatory role in meeting the nutritional requirements of yak calves during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chengrui Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Longlin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Weibing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Gansu Institute of Business and Technology, Lanzhou 730010, China.
| | - Pengcheng Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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2
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Oh Y, Kim S, Kim Y, Kim H, Jang D, Shin S, Lee SJ, Kim J, Lee SE, Oh J, Yang Y, Kim D, Jung HR, Kim S, Kim J, Min K, Cho B, Seo H, Han D, Park H, Cho SY. Genome-wide CRISPR screening identifies tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase-2 as a target for augmenting anti-PD1 efficacy. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:155. [PMID: 39095793 PMCID: PMC11295332 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) provides durable responses in select cancer patients, yet resistance remains a significant challenge, prompting the exploration of underlying molecular mechanisms. Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase-2 (TPST2), known for its role in protein tyrosine O-sulfation, has been suggested to modulate the extracellular protein-protein interactions, but its specific role in cancer immunity remains largely unexplored. METHODS To explore tumor cell-intrinsic factors influencing anti-PD1 responsiveness, we conducted a pooled loss-of-function genetic screen in humanized mice engrafted with human immune cells. The responsiveness of cancer cells to interferon-γ (IFNγ) was estimated by evaluating IFNγ-mediated induction of target genes, STAT1 phosphorylation, HLA expression, and cell growth suppression. The sulfotyrosine-modified target gene of TPST2 was identified by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. The in vivo effects of TPST2 inhibition were evaluated using mouse syngeneic tumor models and corroborated by bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses. RESULTS Through in vivo genome-wide CRISPR screening, TPST2 loss-of-function emerged as a potential enhancer of anti-PD1 treatment efficacy. TPST2 suppressed IFNγ signaling by sulfating IFNγ receptor 1 at Y397 residue, while its downregulation boosted IFNγ-mediated signaling and antigen presentation. Depletion of TPST2 in cancer cells augmented anti-PD1 antibody efficacy in syngeneic mouse tumor models by enhancing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. RNA sequencing data revealed TPST2's inverse correlation with antigen presentation, and increased TPST2 expression is associated with poor prognosis and altered cancer immunity across cancer types. CONCLUSIONS We propose TPST2's novel role as a suppressor of cancer immunity and advocate for its consideration as a therapeutic target in ICT-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Oh
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sujeong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Yunjae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Dongjun Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Seungjae Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jaeik Oh
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Yoojin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Dohee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hae Rim Jung
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sangjin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Jihui Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Kyungchan Min
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Beomki Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Hoseok Seo
- Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hansoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
- Genome&Company, Suwon, 16229, Korea.
| | - Sung-Yup Cho
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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Zhang J, Jiang Y, Dong X, Meng Z, Ji L, Kang Y, Liu M, Zhou W, Song W. Alpha-lipoic acid alleviates cognitive deficits in transgenic APP23/PS45 mice through a mitophagy-mediated increase in ADAM10 α-secretase cleavage of APP. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:160. [PMID: 39030577 PMCID: PMC11264788 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) has a neuroprotective effect on neurodegenerative diseases. In the clinic, ALA can improve cognitive impairments in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. Animal studies have confirmed the anti-amyloidosis effect of ALA, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In particular, the role of ALA in amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) metabolism has not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether ALA can reduce the amyloidogenic effect of APP in a transgenic mouse model of AD, and to study the mechanism underlying this effect. METHODS ALA was infused into 2-month-old APP23/PS45 transgenic mice for 4 consecutive months and their cognitive function and AD-like pathology were then evaluated. An ALA drug concentration gradient was applied to 20E2 cells in vitro to evaluate its effect on the expression of APP proteolytic enzymes and metabolites. The mechanism by which ALA affects APP processing was studied using GI254023X, an inhibitor of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10), as well as the mitochondrial toxic drug carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). RESULTS Administration of ALA ameliorated amyloid plaque neuropathology in the brain tissue of APP23/PS45 mice and reduced learning and memory impairment. ALA also increased the expression of ADAM10 in 20E2 cells and the non-amyloidogenic processing of APP to produce the 83 amino acid C-terminal fragment (C83). In addition to activating autophagy, ALA also significantly promoted mitophagy. BNIP3L-knockdown reduced the mat/pro ratio of ADAM10. By using CCCP, ALA was found to regulate BNIP3L-mediated mitophagy, thereby promoting the α-cleavage of APP. CONCLUSIONS The enhanced α-secretase cleavage of APP by ADAM10 is the primary mechanism through which ALA ameliorates the cognitive deficits in APP23/PS45 transgenic mice. BNIP3L-mediated mitophagy contributes to the anti-amyloid properties of ALA by facilitating the maturation of ADAM10. This study provides novel experimental evidence for the treatment of AD with ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanshuang Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangjun Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zijun Meng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangye Ji
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingjing Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weihui Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Weihong Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and the Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China.
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Dehghani H, Holzapfel GA, Mittelbronn M, Zilian A. Cell adhesion affects the properties of interstitial fluid flow: A study using multiscale poroelastic composite modeling. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 153:106486. [PMID: 38428205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we conduct a multiscale, multiphysics modeling of the brain gray matter as a poroelastic composite. We develop a customized representative volume element based on cytoarchitectural features that encompass important microscopic components of the tissue, namely the extracellular space, the capillaries, the pericapillary space, the interstitial fluid, cell-cell and cell-capillary junctions, and neuronal and glial cell bodies. Using asymptotic homogenization and direct numerical simulation, the effective properties at the tissue level are identified based on microscopic properties. To analyze the influence of various microscopic elements on the effective/macroscopic properties and tissue response, we perform sensitivity analyses on cell junction (cluster) stiffness, cell junction diameter (dimensions), and pericapillary space width. The results of this study suggest that changes in cell adhesion can greatly affect both mechanical and hydraulic (interstitial fluid flow and porosity) features of brain tissue, consistent with the effects of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Dehghani
- Institute of Computational Engineering and Sciences, Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Gerhard A Holzapfel
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg; Department of Oncology (DONC), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg; Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Andreas Zilian
- Institute of Computational Engineering and Sciences, Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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5
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Niu C, Dong M, Niu Y. Natural polyphenol: Their pathogenesis-targeting therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116359. [PMID: 38537514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a detrimental neurodegenerative disease affecting the elderly. Clinically, it is characterized by progressive memory decline and subsequent loss of broader cognitive functions. Current drugs provide only symptomatic relief but do not have profound disease-modifying effects. There is an unmet need to identify novel pharmacological agents for AD therapy. Neuropathologically, the characteristic hallmarks of the disease are extracellular senile plaques containing amyloid β-peptides and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles containing hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau. Simultaneously, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in specific brain regions are early events during the process of AD pathologic changes and are associated with Aβ/tau toxicity. Here, we first summarized probable pathogenic mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration and hopefully identify pathways that serve as specific targets to improve therapy for AD. We then reviewed the mechanisms that underlie disease-modifying effects of natural polyphenols, with a focus on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activators for AD treatment. Lastly, we discussed challenges in the preclinical to clinical translation of natural polyphenols. In conclusion, there is evidence that natural polyphenols can be therapeutically useful in AD through their multifaceted mechanism of action. However, more clinical studies are needed to confirm these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengu Niu
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, 14621, USA
| | - Miaoxian Dong
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Yingcai Niu
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China.
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6
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Özcan GG, Lim S, Canning T, Tirathdas L, Donnelly J, Kundu T, Rihel J. Genetic and chemical disruption of amyloid precursor protein processing impairs zebrafish sleep maintenance. iScience 2024; 27:108870. [PMID: 38318375 PMCID: PMC10839650 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a brain-rich, single pass transmembrane protein that is proteolytically processed into multiple products, including amyloid-beta (Aβ), a major driver of Alzheimer disease (AD). Although both overexpression of APP and exogenously delivered Aβ lead to changes in sleep, whether APP processing plays an endogenous role in regulating sleep is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that APP processing into Aβ40 and Aβ42 is conserved in zebrafish and then describe sleep/wake phenotypes in loss-of-function appa and appb mutants. Larvae with mutations in appa had reduced waking activity, whereas larvae that lacked appb had shortened sleep bout durations at night. Treatment with the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT also shortened night sleep bouts, whereas the BACE-1 inhibitor lanabecestat lengthened sleep bouts. Intraventricular injection of P3 also shortened night sleep bouts, suggesting that the proper balance of Appb proteolytic processing is required for normal sleep maintenance in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güliz Gürel Özcan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sumi Lim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Canning
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Lavitasha Tirathdas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joshua Donnelly
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tanushree Kundu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jason Rihel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
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7
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Al-Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK, Albukhaty S, Sulaiman GM, Batiha GES. Evaluation and targeting of amyloid precursor protein (APP)/amyloid beta (Aβ) axis in amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic pathways: A time outside the tunnel. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102119. [PMID: 37931848 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer disease (AD), amyloid precursor protein (APP) and production of amyloid beta (Aβ) which is generated by amyloidogenic pathway is implicated in neurotoxicity and neuronal cell deaths. However, physiological Aβ level is essential to improves neuronal survival, attenuates neuronal apoptosis and has neuroprotective effect. In addition, physiological APP level has neurotrophic effect on the central nervous system (CNS). APP has a critical role in the brain growth and development via activation of long-term potentiation (LTP) and acceleration of neurite outgrowth. Moreover, APP is cleaved by α secretase to form a neuroprotective soluble APP alpha (sAPPα) in non-amyloidogenic pathway. Consequently, this mini-review purposes to highlight the possible beneficial role of APP and Aβ. In addition, this mini-review discussed the modulation of APP processing and Aβ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of Applied science, University of Technology, Iraq.
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Salim Albukhaty
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Misan, Maysan 62001, Iraq
| | | | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira 22511, Egypt
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8
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Rivera J, Sharma B, Torres MM, Kumar S. Factors affecting the GABAergic synapse function in Alzheimer's disease: Focus on microRNAs. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102123. [PMID: 37967653 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disease characterized by the loss of cognitive function, confusion, and memory deficit. Accumulation of abnormal proteins, amyloid beta (Aß), and phosphorylated Tau (p-tau) forms plaques and tangles that deteriorate synapse function, resulting in neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD. The human brain is composed of different types of neurons and/or synapses that are functionally defective in AD. The GABAergic synapse, the most abundant inhibitory neuron in the human brain was found to be dysfunctional in AD and contributes to disrupting neurological function. This study explored the types of GABA receptors associated with neurological dysfunction and various biological and environmental factors that cause GABAergic neuron dysfunction in AD, such as Aβ, p-tau, aging, sex, astrocytes, microglia, APOE, mental disorder, diet, physical activity, and sleep. Furthermore, we explored the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of GABAergic synapse function in neurological disorders and AD states. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying GABAergic synapse dysfunction with a focus on miR-27b, miR-30a, miR-190a/b, miR-33, miR-51, miR-129-5p, miR-376-3p, miR-376c, miR-30b and miR-502-3p. The purpose of our article is to highlight the recent research on miRNAs affecting the regulation of GABAergic synapse function and factors that contribute to the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmin Rivera
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Bhupender Sharma
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Melissa M Torres
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA; L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA.
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9
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Atlante A, Valenti D. Mitochondrial Complex I and β-Amyloid Peptide Interplay in Alzheimer's Disease: A Critical Review of New and Old Little Regarded Findings. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15951. [PMID: 37958934 PMCID: PMC10650435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and the main cause of dementia which is characterized by a progressive cognitive decline that severely interferes with daily activities of personal life. At a pathological level, it is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein structures in the brain-β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and Tau tangles-which interfere with communication between neurons and lead to their dysfunction and death. In recent years, research on AD has highlighted the critical involvement of mitochondria-the primary energy suppliers for our cells-in the onset and progression of the disease, since mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits precede the beginning of the disease and mitochondria are very sensitive to Aβ toxicity. On the other hand, if it is true that the accumulation of Aβ in the mitochondria leads to mitochondrial malfunctions, it is otherwise proven that mitochondrial dysfunction, through the generation of reactive oxygen species, causes an increase in Aβ production, by initiating a vicious cycle: there is therefore a bidirectional relationship between Aβ aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we focus on the latest news-but also on neglected evidence from the past-concerning the interplay between dysfunctional mitochondrial complex I, oxidative stress, and Aβ, in order to understand how their interplay is implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Atlante
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy;
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Lanooij SD, Drinkenburg WHIM, Eisel ULM, van der Zee EA, Kas MJH. The effects of social environment on AD-related pathology in hAPP-J20 mice and tau-P301L mice. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 187:106309. [PMID: 37748620 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, social factors (e.g., loneliness) have been linked to the risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease (AD). To date, AD pathology is primarily characterized by amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles. We aimed to assess the effect of single- and group-housing on AD-related pathology in a mouse model for amyloid pathology (J20, and WT controls) and a mouse model for tau pathology (P301L) with and without seeding of synthetic human tau fragments (K18). Female mice were either single housed (SH) or group housed (GH) from the age of 6-7 weeks onwards. In 12-week-old P301L mice, tau pathology was induced through seeding by injecting K18 into the dorsal hippocampus (P301LK18), while control mice received a PBS injection (P301LPBS). P301L mice were sacrificed at 4 months of age and J20 mice at 10 months of age. In all mice brain pathology was histologically assessed by examining microglia, the CA1 pyramidal cell layer and specific AD pathology: analysis of plaques in J20 mice and tau hyperphosphorylation in P301L mice. Contrary to our expectation, SH-J20 mice interestingly displayed fewer plaques in the hippocampus compared to GH-J20 mice. However, housing did not affect tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser202/Thr205 of P301L mice, nor neuronal cell death in the CA1 region in any of the mice. The number of microglia was increased by the J20 genotype, and their activation (based on cell body to cell size ratio) in the CA1 was affected by genotype and housing condition (interaction effect). Single housing of P301L mice was linked to the development of stereotypic behavior (i.e. somersaulting and circling behavior). In P301LK18 mice, an increased number of microglia were observed, among which were rod microglia. Taken together, our findings point to a significant effect of social housing conditions on amyloid plaques and microglia in J20 mice and on the development of stereotypic behavior in P301L mice, indicating that the social environment can modulate AD-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne D Lanooij
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - W H I M Drinkenburg
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, a Division on Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - U L M Eisel
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - E A van der Zee
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Martien J H Kas
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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11
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Taylor AH, Konje JC, Ayakannu T. Identification of Potentially Novel Molecular Targets of Endometrial Cancer Using a Non-Biased Proteomic Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4665. [PMID: 37760635 PMCID: PMC10527058 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at identifying novel proteins in endometrial cancer (EC), employing proteomic analysis of tissues obtained after surgery. A differential MS-based proteomic analysis was conducted from whole tissues dissected from biopsies from post-menopausal women, histologically confirmed as endometrial cancer (two endometrioid and two serous; n = 4) or normal atrophic endometrium (n = 4), providing 888 differentially expressed proteins with 246 of these previously documented elsewhere as expressed in EC and 372 proteins not previously demonstrated to be expressed in EC but associated with other types of cancer. Additionally, 33 proteins not recorded previously in PubMed as being expressed in any forms of cancer were also identified, with only 26 of these proteins having a publication associated with their expression patterns or putative functions. The putative functions of the 26 proteins (GRN, APP, HEXA, CST3, CAD, QARS, SIAE, WARS, MYH8, CLTB, GOLIM4, SCARB2, BOD1L1, C14orf142, C9orf142, CCDC13, CNPY4, FAM169A, HN1L, PIGT, PLCL1, PMFBP1, SARS2, SCPEP1, SLC25A24 and ZC3H4) in other tissues point towards and provide a basis for further investigation of these previously unrecognised novel EC proteins. The developmental biology, disease, extracellular matrix, homeostatic, immune, metabolic (both RNA and protein), programmed cell death, signal transduction, molecular transport, transcriptional networks and as yet uncharacterised pathways indicate that these proteins are potentially involved in endometrial carcinogenesis and thus may be important in EC diagnosis, prognostication and treatment and thus are worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H. Taylor
- Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies & Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (A.H.T.); (J.C.K.)
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Justin C. Konje
- Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies & Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (A.H.T.); (J.C.K.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Rayyan, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Thangesweran Ayakannu
- Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies & Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (A.H.T.); (J.C.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Sunway Medical Centre, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Peralta Cuasolo YM, Dupraz S, Unsain N, Bisbal M, Quassollo G, Galiano MR, Grassi D, Quiroga S, Sosa LJ. The GTPase Rab21 is required for neuronal development and migration in the cerebral cortex. J Neurochem 2023; 166:790-808. [PMID: 37534523 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Development of the mammalian neocortex requires proper inside-out migration of developing cortical neurons from the germinal ventricular zone toward the cortical plate. The mechanics of this migration requires precise coordination of different cellular phenomena including cytoskeleton dynamics, membrane trafficking, and cell adhesion. The small GTPases play a central role in all these events. The small GTPase Rab21 regulates migration and neurite growth in developing neurons. Moreover, regulators and effectors of Rab21 have been implicated in brain pathologies with cortical malformations, suggesting a key function for the Rab21 signaling pathway in cortical development. Mechanistically, it has been posited that Rab21 influences cell migration by controlling the trafficking of endocytic vesicles containing adhesion molecules. However, direct evidence of the participation of Rab21 or its mechanism of action in the regulation of cortical migration is still incomplete. In this study, we demonstrate that Rab21 plays a critical role in the differentiation and migration of pyramidal neurons by regulating the levels of the amyloid precursor protein on the neuronal cell surface. Rab21 loss of function increased the levels of membrane-exposed APP, resulting in impaired cortical neuronal differentiation and migration. These findings further our understanding of the processes governing the development of the cerebral cortex and shed light onto the molecular mechanisms behind cortical development disorders derived from the malfunctioning of Rab21 signaling effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Macarena Peralta Cuasolo
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwell Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIQUIBIC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Dupraz
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenarative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicolas Unsain
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular (CeBiCeM, FCEFyN-UNC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariano Bisbal
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Quassollo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mauricio R Galiano
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwell Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIQUIBIC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Diego Grassi
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwell Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIQUIBIC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago Quiroga
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwell Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIQUIBIC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lucas Javier Sosa
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwell Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIQUIBIC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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13
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Coronel R, Bernabeu-Zornoza A, Palmer C, González-Sastre R, Rosca A, Mateos-Martínez P, López-Alonso V, Liste I. Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Regulates Gliogenesis and Neurogenesis of Human Neural Stem Cells by Several Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12964. [PMID: 37629148 PMCID: PMC10455174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have focused on the pathophysiological role of amyloid precursor protein (APP) because the proteolytic processing of APP to β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide is a central event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, many authors consider that alterations in the physiological functions of APP are likely to play a key role in AD. Previous studies in our laboratory revealed that APP plays an important role in the differentiation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs), favoring glial differentiation (gliogenesis) and preventing their differentiation toward a neuronal phenotype (neurogenesis). In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of APP overexpression in hNSCs at a global gene level by a transcriptomic analysis using the massive RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. Specifically, we have focused on differentially expressed genes that are related to neuronal and glial differentiation processes, as well as on groups of differentially expressed genes associated with different signaling pathways, in order to find a possible interaction between them and APP. Our data indicate a differential expression in genes related to Notch, Wnt, PI3K-AKT, and JAK-STAT signaling, among others. Knowledge of APP biological functions, as well as the possible signaling pathways that could be related to this protein, are essential to advance our understanding of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Coronel
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-Z.); (C.P.); (R.G.-S.); (A.R.); (P.M.-M.)
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adela Bernabeu-Zornoza
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-Z.); (C.P.); (R.G.-S.); (A.R.); (P.M.-M.)
| | - Charlotte Palmer
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-Z.); (C.P.); (R.G.-S.); (A.R.); (P.M.-M.)
| | - Rosa González-Sastre
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-Z.); (C.P.); (R.G.-S.); (A.R.); (P.M.-M.)
- Unidad de Biología Computacional, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Andreea Rosca
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-Z.); (C.P.); (R.G.-S.); (A.R.); (P.M.-M.)
| | - Patricia Mateos-Martínez
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-Z.); (C.P.); (R.G.-S.); (A.R.); (P.M.-M.)
| | - Victoria López-Alonso
- Unidad de Biología Computacional, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Isabel Liste
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-Z.); (C.P.); (R.G.-S.); (A.R.); (P.M.-M.)
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14
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Peppercorn K, Kleffmann T, Hughes SM, Tate WP. Secreted Amyloid Precursor Protein Alpha (sAPPα) Regulates the Cellular Proteome and Secretome of Mouse Primary Astrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087165. [PMID: 37108327 PMCID: PMC10138557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted amyloid precursor protein alpha (sAPPα), processed from a parent mammalian brain protein, amyloid precursor protein, can modulate learning and memory. Recently it has been shown to modulate the transcriptome and proteome of human neurons, including proteins with neurological functions. Here, we analysed whether the acute administration of sAPPα facilitated changes in the proteome and secretome of mouse primary astrocytes in culture. Astrocytes contribute to the neuronal processes of neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Cortical mouse astrocytes in culture were exposed to 1 nM sAPPα, and changes in both the whole-cell proteome (2 h) and the secretome (6 h) were identified with Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment Ion Spectra-Mass Spectrometry (SWATH-MS). Differentially regulated proteins were identified in both the cellular proteome and secretome that are involved with neurologically related functions of the normal physiology of the brain and central nervous system. Groups of proteins have a relationship to APP and have roles in the modulation of cell morphology, vesicle dynamics and the myelin sheath. Some are related to pathways containing proteins whose genes have been previously implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The secretome is also enriched in proteins related to Insulin Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) signaling and the extracellular matrix (ECM). There is the promise that a more specific investigation of these proteins will help to understand the mechanisms of how sAPPα signaling affects memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Peppercorn
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Torsten Kleffmann
- Research Infrastructure Centre, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie M Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Genetics Otago, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Warren P Tate
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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15
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Chen X, He E, Su C, Zeng Y, Xu J. Huntingtin-associated protein 1-associated intracellular trafficking in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1100395. [PMID: 36824265 PMCID: PMC9941194 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1), the first identified HTT-binding partner, is highly expressed in the central nervous system, and has been found to associated with neurological diseases. Mounting evidence suggests that HAP1 functions as a component of cargo-motor molecules to bind various proteins and participates in intracellular trafficking. It is known that the failure of intracellular transport is a key contributor to the progression of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). The link between HAP1 and various NDs is supported by growing evidence. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the intracellular trafficking function of HAP1 and its involvement in NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Chen
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Xingxing Chen, ✉
| | - Enhao He
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chonglin Su
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Jiang Xu, ✉
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16
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Gharahi H, Garimella HT, Chen ZJ, Gupta RK, Przekwas A. Mathematical model of mechanobiology of acute and repeated synaptic injury and systemic biomarker kinetics. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1007062. [PMID: 36814869 PMCID: PMC9939777 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1007062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Blast induced Traumatic Brain Injury (bTBI) has become a signature casualty of military operations. Recently, military medics observed neurocognitive deficits in servicemen exposed to repeated low level blast (LLB) waves during military heavy weapons training. In spite of significant clinical and preclinical TBI research, current understanding of injury mechanisms and short- and long-term outcomes is limited. Mathematical models of bTBI biomechanics and mechanobiology of sensitive neuro-structures such as synapses may help in better understanding of injury mechanisms and in the development of improved diagnostics and neuroprotective strategies. Methods and results In this work, we formulated a model of a single synaptic structure integrating the dynamics of the synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) with the deformation mechanics of the synaptic cleft. The model can resolve time scales ranging from milliseconds during the hyperacute phase of mechanical loading to minutes-hours acute/chronic phase of injury progression/repair. The model was used to simulate the synaptic injury responses caused by repeated blast loads. Conclusion Our simulations demonstrated the importance of the number of exposures compared to the duration of recovery period between repeated loads on the synaptic injury responses. The paper recognizes current limitations of the model and identifies potential improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Gharahi
- Biomedical and Data Sciences Division, CFD Research Corporation, Huntsville, AL, United States,Hamidreza Gharahi,
| | - Harsha T. Garimella
- Biomedical and Data Sciences Division, CFD Research Corporation, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Zhijian J. Chen
- Biomedical and Data Sciences Division, CFD Research Corporation, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Raj K. Gupta
- Department of Defense Blast Injury Research Program Coordinating Office, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Andrzej Przekwas
- Biomedical and Data Sciences Division, CFD Research Corporation, Huntsville, AL, United States,*Correspondence: Andrzej Przekwas,
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17
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Guzmán-Ocampo DC, Aguayo-Ortiz R, Velasco-Bolom JL, Gupta PL, Roitberg AE, Dominguez L. Elucidating the Protonation State of the γ-Secretase Catalytic Dyad. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:261-269. [PMID: 36562727 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Secretase (GS) is an intramembrane aspartyl protease that participates in the sequential cleavage of C99 to generate different isoforms of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides that are associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease. Due to its importance in the proteolytic processing of C99 by GS, we performed pH replica exchange molecular dynamics (pH-REMD) simulations of GS in its apo and substrate-bound forms to sample the protonation states of the catalytic dyad. We found that the catalytic dyad is deprotonated at physiological pH in our apo form, but the presence of the substrate at the active site displaces its monoprotonated state toward physiological pH. Our results show that Asp257 acts as the general base and Asp385 as the general acid during the cleavage mechanism. We identified different amino acids such as Lys265, Arg269, and the PAL motif interacting with the catalytic dyad and promoting changes in its acid-base behavior. Finally, we also found a significant pKa shift of Glu280 related to the internalization of TM6-CT in the GS-apo form. Our study provides critical mechanistic insight into the GS mechanism and the basis for future research on the genesis of Aβ peptides and the development of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce C Guzmán-Ocampo
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City04510, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City04510, Mexico
| | - José-Luis Velasco-Bolom
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City04510, Mexico
| | - Pancham Lal Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611-7200, United States
| | - Adrian E Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611-7200, United States
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City04510, Mexico
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18
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Cho Y, Bae HG, Okun E, Arumugam TV, Jo DG. Physiology and pharmacology of amyloid precursor protein. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108122. [PMID: 35114285 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein and a well-characterized precursor protein of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides, which accumulate in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathologies. Aβ has been extensively investigated since the amyloid hypothesis in AD was proposed. Besides Aβ, previous studies on APP and its proteolytic cleavage products have suggested their diverse pathological and physiological functions. However, their roles still have not been thoroughly understood. In this review, we extensively discuss the evolutionarily-conserved biology of APP, including its structure and processing pathway, as well as recent findings on the physiological roles of APP and its fragments in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. We have also elaborated upon the current status of APP-targeted therapeutic approaches for AD treatment by discussing inhibitors of several proteases participating in APP processing, including α-, β-, and γ-secretases. Finally, we have highlighted the future perspectives pertaining to further research and the potential clinical role of APP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsuk Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Han-Gyu Bae
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Eitan Okun
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; The Pauld Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Israel
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea; School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea; Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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19
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Peppercorn K, Kleffmann T, Jones O, Hughes S, Tate W. Secreted Amyloid Precursor Protein Alpha, a Neuroprotective Protein in the Brain Has Widespread Effects on the Transcriptome and Proteome of Human Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Glutamatergic Neurons Related to Memory Mechanisms. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:858524. [PMID: 35692428 PMCID: PMC9179159 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.858524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted amyloid precursor protein alpha (sAPPα) processed from a parent human brain protein, APP, can modulate learning and memory. It has potential for development as a therapy preventing, delaying, or even reversing Alzheimer’s disease. In this study a comprehensive analysis to understand how it affects the transcriptome and proteome of the human neuron was undertaken. Human inducible pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived glutamatergic neurons in culture were exposed to 1 nM sAPPα over a time course and changes in the transcriptome and proteome were identified with RNA sequencing and Sequential Window Acquisition of All THeoretical Fragment Ion Spectra-Mass Spectrometry (SWATH-MS), respectively. A large subset (∼30%) of differentially expressed transcripts and proteins were functionally involved with the molecular biology of learning and memory, consistent with reported links of sAPPα to memory enhancement, as well as neurogenic, neurotrophic, and neuroprotective phenotypes in previous studies. Differentially regulated proteins included those encoded in previously identified Alzheimer’s risk genes, APP processing related proteins, proteins involved in synaptogenesis, neurotransmitters, receptors, synaptic vesicle proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, proteins involved in protein and organelle trafficking, and proteins important for cell signalling, transcriptional splicing, and functions of the proteasome and lysosome. We have identified a complex set of genes affected by sAPPα, which may aid further investigation into the mechanism of how this neuroprotective protein affects memory formation and how it might be used as an Alzheimer’s disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Peppercorn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Torsten Kleffmann
- Division of Health Sciences, Research Infrastructure Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Owen Jones
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Warren Tate
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Warren Tate,
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20
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Ammonia induces amyloidogenesis in astrocytes by promoting amyloid precursor protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101933. [PMID: 35427648 PMCID: PMC9117890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperammonemia is known to cause various neurological dysfunctions such as seizures and cognitive impairment. Several studies have suggested that hyperammonemia may also be linked to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the direct evidence for a role of ammonia in the pathophysiology of AD remains to be discovered. Herein, we report that hyperammonemia increases the amount of mature amyloid precursor protein (mAPP) in astrocytes, the largest and most prevalent type of glial cells in the central nervous system that are capable of metabolizing glutamate and ammonia, and promotes amyloid beta (Aβ) production. We demonstrate the accumulation of mAPP in astrocytes was primarily due to enhanced endocytosis of mAPP from the plasma membrane. A large proportion of internalized mAPP was targeted not to the lysosome, but to the endoplasmic reticulum, where processing enzymes β-secretase BACE1 (beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1) and γ-secretase presenilin-1 are expressed, and mAPP is cleaved to produce Aβ. Finally, we show the ammonia-induced production of Aβ in astrocytic endoplasmic reticulum was specific to Aβ42, a principal component of senile plaques in AD patients. Our studies uncover a novel mechanism of Aβ42 production in astrocytes and also provide the first evidence that ammonia induces the pathogenesis of AD by regulating astrocyte function.
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21
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Gabriele RMC, Abel E, Fox NC, Wray S, Arber C. Knockdown of Amyloid Precursor Protein: Biological Consequences and Clinical Opportunities. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:835645. [PMID: 35360155 PMCID: PMC8964081 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.835645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its cleavage fragment Amyloid-β (Aβ) have fundamental roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genetic alterations that either increase the overall dosage of APP or alter its processing to favour the generation of longer, more aggregation prone Aβ species, are directly causative of the disease. People living with one copy of APP are asymptomatic and reducing APP has been shown to lower the relative production of aggregation-prone Aβ species in vitro. For these reasons, reducing APP expression is an attractive approach for AD treatment and prevention. In this review, we will describe the structure and the known functions of APP and go on to discuss the biological consequences of APP knockdown and knockout in model systems. We highlight progress in therapeutic strategies to reverse AD pathology via reducing APP expression. We conclude that new technologies that reduce the dosage of APP expression may allow disease modification and slow clinical progression, delaying or even preventing onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. C. Gabriele
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Abel
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom,UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London (UCL), Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick C. Fox
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom,UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London (UCL), Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Selina Wray
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Arber
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Charles Arber,
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22
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Van Bulck M, Brandt N, Claus RA, Gräler M, Bräuer AU. Aβ-Induced Alterations in Membrane Lipids Occur before Synaptic Loss Appears. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042300. [PMID: 35216416 PMCID: PMC8877175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of active synapses and alterations in membrane lipids are crucial events in physiological aging as well as in neurodegenerative disorders. Both are related to the abnormal aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) species, generally known as amyloidosis. There are two major known human Aβ species: Aβ(1–40) and Aβ(1–42). However, which of these species have more influence on active synapses and membrane lipids is still poorly understood. Additionally, the time-dependent effect of Aβ species on alterations in membrane lipids of hippocampal neurones and glial cells remains unknown. Therefore, our study contributes to a better understanding of the role of Aβ species in the loss of active synapses and the dysregulation of membrane lipids in vitro. We showed that Aβ(1–40) or Aβ(1–42) treatment influences membrane lipids before synaptic loss appears and that the loss of active synapses is not dependent on the Aβ species. Our lipidomic data analysis showed early changes in specific lipid classes such as sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid neurones. Our results underscore the potential role of lipids as a possible early diagnostic biomarker in amyloidosis-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Van Bulck
- Research Group Anatomy, School for Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany;
- Department of Experimental Models of Human Disease, Networked Center of Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute for Biomedical Research A. Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.V.B.); (A.U.B.)
| | - Nicola Brandt
- Research Group Anatomy, School for Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany;
| | - Ralf A. Claus
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Center for Molecular Biomedicine(CMB), Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany; (R.A.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Markus Gräler
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Center for Molecular Biomedicine(CMB), Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany; (R.A.C.); (M.G.)
- Centre for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Anja U. Bräuer
- Research Group Anatomy, School for Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany;
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.V.B.); (A.U.B.)
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23
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Gauvrit T, Benderradji H, Buée L, Blum D, Vieau D. Early-Life Environment Influence on Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:834661. [PMID: 35252195 PMCID: PMC8891536 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.834661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
With the expand of the population's average age, the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders has dramatically increased over the last decades. Alzheimer disease (AD) which is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease is mostly sporadic and primarily characterized by cognitive deficits and neuropathological lesions such as amyloid -β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyper- and/or abnormally phosphorylated Tau protein. AD is considered a complex disease that arises from the interaction between environmental and genetic factors, modulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Besides the well-described cognitive decline, AD patients also exhibit metabolic impairments. Metabolic and cognitive perturbations are indeed frequently observed in the Developmental Origin of Health and Diseases (DOHaD) field of research which proposes that environmental perturbations during the perinatal period determine the susceptibility to pathological conditions later in life. In this review, we explored the potential influence of early environmental exposure to risk factors (maternal stress, malnutrition, xenobiotics, chemical factors … ) and the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms on the programming of late-onset AD. Animal models indicate that offspring exposed to early-life stress during gestation and/or lactation increase both AD lesions, lead to defects in synaptic plasticity and finally to cognitive impairments. This long-lasting epigenetic programming could be modulated by factors such as nutriceuticals, epigenetic modifiers or psychosocial behaviour, offering thus future therapeutic opportunity to protect from AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Gauvrit
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Hamza Benderradji
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - David Blum
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Didier Vieau
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
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24
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Tremblay G, Rousseau J, Mbakam CH, Tremblay JP. Insertion of the Icelandic Mutation (A673T) by Prime Editing: A Potential Preventive Treatment for Familial and Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. CRISPR J 2022; 5:109-122. [PMID: 35133877 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2021.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the result of abnormal processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase and γ-secretase, which leads to the formation of toxic β-amyloid peptides. The toxic β-amyloid peptides induce neuron death, memory problems, and AD development. Several APP mutations increase the risk of developing early-onset AD. However, the A673T mutation identified in the Icelandic population prevents AD development by reducing the cleavage of APP by β-secretase. In this study, we inserted the A673T mutation in human cells using the CRISPR prime editing (PE) technique. Repeated PE treatments resulted in the insertion of the A673T mutation in up to 49.2% of APP genes when a second nick was induced in the other DNA strand. When the protospacer adjacent motif used for PE was also mutated, up to 68.9% of the APP genes contained the protective A673T mutation. PE is a promising approach to introduce the A673T mutation precisely without mutating nearby nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Tremblay
- Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joël Rousseau
- Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cedric Happi Mbakam
- Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacques P Tremblay
- Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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25
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Keshavarzi M, Moradbeygi F, Mobini K, Ghaffarian Bahraman A, Mohammadi P, Ghaedi A, Mohammadi-Bardbori A. The interplay of aryl hydrocarbon receptor/WNT/CTNNB1/Notch signaling pathways regulate amyloid beta precursor mRNA/protein expression and effected the learning and memory of mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 11:147-161. [PMID: 35237419 PMCID: PMC8882790 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) plays a pathophysiological role in the development of Alzheimer's disease as well as a physiological role in neuronal growth and synaptogenesis. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/WNT/Catenin Beta 1 (CTNNB1)/Notch signaling pathways stamp in many functions, including development and growth of neurons. However, the regulatory role of AhR-/WNT-/CTNNB1-/Notch-induced APP expression and its influence on hippocampal-dependent learning and memory deficits is not clear. Male BALB/C mice received 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (an AhR agonist), CH223191(an AhR antagonist), DAPT (an inhibitor of Notch signaling), and XAV-939 (a WNT pathway inhibitor) at a single dose of 100 μg/kg, 1, 5 , and 5 mg/kg of body weight, respectively, via intraperitoneal injection alone or in combination. Gene expression analyses and protein assay were performed on the 7th and 29th days. To assess the hippocampal-dependent memory, all six mice also underwent contextual fear conditioning on the 28th day after treatments. Our results showed that endogenous ligand of AhR has a regulatory effect on APP gene. Also, the interaction of AhR/WNT/CTNNB1 has a positive regulatory effect, but Notch has a negative regulatory effect on the mRNA and protein expression of APP, which have a correlation with mice's learning skills and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Keshavarzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran,Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar 7146864685, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moradbeygi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Keivan Mobini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Ali Ghaffarian Bahraman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran,Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar 7146864685, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Ghaedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Afshin Mohammadi-Bardbori
- Correspondence address. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran. Tel.: +98(71)32425374; Fax: +98(71)32424326; E-mail:
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26
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Armbrust F, Bickenbach K, Marengo L, Pietrzik C, Becker-Pauly C. The Swedish dilemma - the almost exclusive use of APPswe-based mouse models impedes adequate evaluation of alternative β-secretases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119164. [PMID: 34699873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, however incurable so far. It is widely accepted that aggregated amyloid β (Aβ) peptides play a crucial role for the pathogenesis of AD, as they cause neurotoxicity and deposit as so-called Aβ plaques in AD patient brains. Aβ peptides derive from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) upon consecutive cleavage at the β- and γ-secretase site. Hence, mutations in the APP gene are often associated with autosomal dominant inherited AD. Almost thirty years ago, two mutations at the β-secretase site were observed in two Swedish families (termed Swedish APP (APPswe) mutations), which led to early-onset AD. Consequently, APPswe was established in almost every common AD mouse model, as it contributes to early Aβ plaque formation and cognitive impairments. Analyzing these APPswe-based mouse models, the aspartyl protease BACE1 has been evolving as the prominent β-secretase responsible for Aβ release in AD and as the most important therapeutic target for AD treatment. However, with respect to β-secretase processing, the very rare occurring APPswe variant substantially differs from wild-type APP. BACE1 dominates APPswe processing resulting in the release of Aβ1-x, whereas N-terminally truncated Aβ forms are scarcely generated. However, these N-terminally truncated Aβ species such as Aβ2-x, Aβ3-x and Aβ4-x are elevated in AD patient brains and exhibit an increased potential to aggregate compared to Aβ1-x peptides. Proteases such as meprin β, cathepsin B and ADAMTS4 were identified as alternative β-secretases being capable of generating these N-terminally truncated Aβ species from wild-type APP. However, neither meprin β nor cathepsin B are capable of generating N-terminally truncated Aβ peptides from APPswe. Hence, the role of BACE1 for the Aβ formation during AD might be overrepresented through the excessive use of APPswe mouse models. In this review we critically discuss the consideration of BACE1 as the most promising therapeutic target. Shifting the focus of AD research towards alternative β secretases might unveil promising alternatives to BACE1 inhibitors constantly failing in clinical trials due to ineffectiveness and harmful side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Armbrust
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kira Bickenbach
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Liana Marengo
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claus Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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27
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Capriello T, Monteiro SM, Félix LM, Donizetti A, Aliperti V, Ferrandino I. Apoptosis, oxidative stress and genotoxicity in developing zebrafish after aluminium exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 236:105872. [PMID: 34052719 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium is a non-essential metal and potentially toxic to organisms whose environmental concentration increases due to pollution. In our previous studies, the behavioral changes induced by aluminium were already shown on zebrafish, a model organism widely used for ecotoxicology screening. To examine in depth the knowledge about the toxicity mechanism induced by this metal, zebrafish embryos, at 6 hpf, have been exposed to 50, 100 and 200 µM of AlCl3 for 72 h. Phenotypic alterations, apoptosis and oxidative stress responses have been assessed by evaluations of antioxidant defence and changes in metabolism at the end of treatment. The mRNA expression level of c-fos, appa and appb as marker genes of neural development and function were analyzed by qPCR for the highest used concentration. The data showed that aluminium significantly affected the development of zebrafish inducing morphological alterations and cell death. The oxidative state of larvae was altered, although the formation of reactive oxygen species and the levels of metallothioneins, and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes, decreased at the maximum concentration tested. In addition, at this concentration, the expression of the evaluated genes increased. The comprehensive information obtained gives a realistic snapshot of the aluminium toxicity and provides new information on the mechanism of action of this metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Capriello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Sandra M Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB); Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Luis M Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB); Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Laboratory Animal Science (LAS), Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Aldo Donizetti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Vincenza Aliperti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Ida Ferrandino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; BAT Center - Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, Portici, Italy.
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28
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Wiatrak B, Piasny J, Kuźniarski A, Gąsiorowski K. Interactions of Amyloid-β with Membrane Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6075. [PMID: 34199915 PMCID: PMC8200087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In developing and developed countries, an increasing elderly population is observed. This affects the growing percentage of people struggling with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, the pathomechanism of this disease is still unknown. This contributes to problems with early diagnosis of the disease as well as with treatment. One of the most popular hypotheses of Alzheimer's disease is related to the pathological deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain of ill people. In this paper, we discuss issues related to Aβ and its relationship in the development of Alzheimer's disease. The structure of Aβ and its interaction with the cell membrane are discussed. Not only do the extracellular plaques affect nerve cells, but other forms of this peptide as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Janusz Piasny
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Amadeusz Kuźniarski
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Kazimierz Gąsiorowski
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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29
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Yamamoto K, Yamamoto R, Kato N. Amyloid β and Amyloid Precursor Protein Synergistically Suppress Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel in Cortical Neurons. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:660319. [PMID: 34149396 PMCID: PMC8211014 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.660319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular amyloid β (Aβ) injection suppresses the large-conductance calcium-dependent potassium (BK) channel in cortical pyramidal cells from wild-type (WT) mice. In 3xTg Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model mice, intraneuronal Aβ is genetically programed to accumulate, which suppresses the BK channel. However, the mode of BK channel suppression remained unclarified. The present report revealed that only one (11A1) of the three anti-Aβ-oligomer antibodies that we examined, but not anti-monomer-Aβ-antibodies, was effective in recovering BK channel activity in 3xTg neurons. Antibodies against amyloid precursor protein (APP) were also found to be effective, suggesting that APP plays an essential part in this Aβ-oligomer-induced BK channel suppression in 3xTg neurons. In WT neurons, by contrast, APP suppressed BK channels by itself, which suggests that either APP or Aβ is sufficient to block BK channels, thus pointing to a different co-operativity of Aβ and APP in WT and 3xTg neurons. To clarify this difference, we relied on our previous finding that the scaffold protein Homer1a reverses the BK channel blockade in both WT and 3xTg neurons. In cortical neurons from 3xTg mice that bear Homer1a knockout (4xTg mice), neither anti-APP antibodies nor 11A1, but only the 6E10 antibody that binds both APP and Aβ, rescued the BK channel suppression. Given that Homer1a expression is activity dependent and 3xTg neurons are hyperexcitable, Homer1a is likely to be expressed sufficiently in 3xTg neurons, thereby alleviating the suppressive influence of APP and Aβ on BK channel. A unique way that APP modifies Aβ toxicity is thus proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yamamoto
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Utano National Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamamoto
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kato
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Flexible and Accurate Substrate Processing with Distinct Presenilin/γ-Secretases in Human Cortical Neurons. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0500-20.2021. [PMID: 33608391 PMCID: PMC7932187 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0500-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the presenilin genes (PS1, PS2) have been linked to the majority of familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although great efforts have been made to investigate pathogenic PS mutations, which ultimately cause an increase in the toxic form of β-amyloid (Aβ), the intrinsic physiological functions of PS in human neurons remain to be determined. In this study, to investigate the physiological roles of PS in human neurons, we generated PS1 conditional knock-out (KO) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), in which PS1 can be selectively abrogated under Cre transduction with or without additional PS2 KO. We showed that iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) do not confer a maintenance ability in the absence of both PS1 and PS2, showing the essential role of PS in Notch signaling. We then generated PS-null human cortical neurons, where PS1 was intact until full neuronal differentiation occurred. Aβ40 production was reduced exclusively in human PS1/PS2-null neurons along with a concomitant accumulation of amyloid β precursor protein (APP)-C-terminal fragments CTFs, whereas Aβ42 was decreased in neurons devoid of PS2. Unlike previous studies in mice, in which APP cleavage is largely attributable to PS1, γ-secretase activity seemed to be comparable between PS1 and PS2. In contrast, cleavage of another substrate, N-cadherin, was impaired only in neurons devoid of PS1. Moreover, PS2/γ-secretase exists largely in late endosomes/lysosomes, as measured by specific antibody against the γ-secretase complex, in which Aβ42 species are supposedly produced. Using this novel stem cell-based platform, we assessed important physiological PS1/PS2 functions in mature human neurons, the dysfunction of which could underlie AD pathogenesis.
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da Rocha JF, Bastos L, Domingues SC, Bento AR, Konietzko U, da Cruz E Silva OAB, Vieira SI. APP Binds to the EGFR Ligands HB-EGF and EGF, Acting Synergistically with EGF to Promote ERK Signaling and Neuritogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:668-688. [PMID: 33009641 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a transmembrane glycoprotein central to Alzheimer's disease (AD) with functions in brain development and plasticity, including in neurogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) are well-described neurotrophic and neuromodulator EGFR ligands, both implicated in neurological disorders, including AD. Pro-HB-EGF arose as a putative novel APP interactor in a human brain cDNA library yeast two-hybrid screen. Based on their structural and functional similarities, we first aimed to verify if APP could bind to (HB-)EGF proforms. Here, we show that APP interacts with these two EGFR ligands, and further characterized the effects of APP-EGF interaction in ERK activation and neuritogenesis. Yeast co-transformation and co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed APP interaction with HB-EGF. Co-immunoprecipitation also revealed that APP binds to cellular pro-EGF. Overexpression of HB-EGF in HeLa cells, or exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to EGF, both resulted in increased APP protein levels. EGF and APP were observed to synergistically activate the ERK pathway, crucial for neuronal differentiation. Immunofluorescence analysis of cellular neuritogenesis in APP overexpression and EGF exposure conditions confirmed a synergistic effect in promoting the number and the mean length of neurite-like processes. Synergistic ERK activation and neuritogenic effects were completely blocked by the EGFR inhibitor PD 168393, implying APP/EGF-induced activation of EGFR as part of the mechanism. This work shows novel APP protein interactors and provides a major insight into the APP/EGF-driven mechanisms underlying neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation, with potential relevance for AD and for adult neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana F da Rocha
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Bastos
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Roche Sistemas de Diagnósticos, Lda, 2720-413, Amadora, Portugal
| | - Sara C Domingues
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana R Bento
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Uwe Konietzko
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Odete A B da Cruz E Silva
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra I Vieira
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Halakos EG, Connell AJ, Glazewski L, Wei S, Mason RW. Bottom up proteomics identifies neuronal differentiation pathway networks activated by cathepsin inhibition treatment in neuroblastoma cells that are enhanced by concurrent 13-cis retinoic acid treatment. J Proteomics 2020; 232:104068. [PMID: 33278663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the second most common pediatric cancer involving the peripheral nervous system in which stage IVS metastatic tumors regress due to spontaneous differentiation. 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA) is currently used in the clinic for its differentiation effects and although it improves outcomes, relapse is seen in half of high-risk patients. Combinatorial therapies have been shown to be more effective in oncotherapy and since cathepsin inhibition reduces tumor growth, we explored the potential of coupling 13-cis RA with a cathepsin inhibitor (K777) to enhance therapeutic efficacy against neuroblastoma. Shotgun proteomics was used to identify proteins affected by K777 and dual (13-cis RA/K777) treatment in neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Cathepsin inhibition was more effective in increasing proteins involved in neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth than 13-cis RA alone, but the combination of both treatments enhanced the neuronal differentiation effect. SIGNIFICANCE: As neuroblastoma can spontaneously differentiate, determining which proteins are involved in differentiation can guide development of more accurate diagnostic markers and more effective treatments. In this study, we established a differentiation proteomic map of SK-N-SH cells treated with a cathepsin inhibitor (K777) and K777/13-cis RA (dual). Bioinformatic analysis revealed these treatments enhanced neuronal differentiation and axonogenesis pathways. The most affected proteins in these pathways may become valuable biomarkers of efficacy of drugs designed to enhance differentiation of neuroblastoma [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Effie G Halakos
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Andrew J Connell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Lisa Glazewski
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Robert W Mason
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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Ristori E, Cicaloni V, Salvini L, Tinti L, Tinti C, Simons M, Corti F, Donnini S, Ziche M. Amyloid-β Precursor Protein APP Down-Regulation Alters Actin Cytoskeleton-Interacting Proteins in Endothelial Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112506. [PMID: 33228083 PMCID: PMC7699411 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) is a ubiquitous membrane protein often associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Despite its role in the development of the pathogenesis, APP exerts several physiological roles that have been mainly investigated in neuronal tissue. To date, the role of APP in vasculature and endothelial cells has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we used molecular and proteomic approaches to identify and investigate major cellular targets of APP down-regulation in endothelial cells. We found that APP is necessary for endothelial cells proliferation, migration and adhesion. The loss of APP alters focal adhesion stability and cell-cell junctions' expression. Moreover, APP is necessary to mediate endothelial response to the VEGF-A growth factor. Finally, we document that APP propagates exogenous stimuli and mediates cellular response in endothelial cells by modulating the Scr/FAK signaling pathway. Thus, the intact expression and processing of APP is required for normal endothelial function. The identification of molecular mechanisms responsible for vasoprotective properties of endothelial APP may have an impact on clinical efforts to preserve and protect healthy vasculature in patients at risk of the development of cerebrovascular disease and dementia including AD and CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ristori
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (L.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Vittoria Cicaloni
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (L.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Laura Salvini
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (L.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Laura Tinti
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (L.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Cristina Tinti
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (L.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; (M.S.); (F.C.)
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Federico Corti
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; (M.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (L.T.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (M.Z.); Tel.: +39-0577-235382 (S.D.)
| | - Marina Ziche
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (L.T.); (C.T.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (M.Z.); Tel.: +39-0577-235382 (S.D.)
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Jęśko H, Cieślik M, Gromadzka G, Adamczyk A. Dysfunctional proteins in neuropsychiatric disorders: From neurodegeneration to autism spectrum disorders. Neurochem Int 2020; 141:104853. [PMID: 32980494 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite fundamental differences in disease course and outcomes, neurodevelopmental (autism spectrum disorders - ASD) and neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease - AD and Parkinson's disease - PD) present surprising, common traits in their molecular pathomechanisms. Uncontrolled oligomerization and aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ), microtubule-associated protein (MAP) tau, or α-synuclein (α-syn) contribute to synaptic impairment and the ensuing neuronal death in both AD and PD. Likewise, the pathogenesis of ASD may be attributed, at least in part, to synaptic dysfunction; attention has also been recently paid to irregularities in the metabolism and function of the Aβ precursor protein (APP), tau, or α-syn. Commonly affected elements include signaling pathways that regulate cellular metabolism and survival such as insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) - PI3 kinase - Akt - mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and a number of key synaptic proteins critically involved in neuronal communication. Understanding how these shared pathomechanism elements operate in different conditions may help identify common targets and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Jęśko
- Department of Cellular Signalling, M. Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Cieślik
- Department of Cellular Signalling, M. Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Gromadzka
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Faculty of Medicine. Collegium Medicum, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, M. Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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Ristori E, Donnini S, Ziche M. New Insights Into Blood-Brain Barrier Maintenance: The Homeostatic Role of β-Amyloid Precursor Protein in Cerebral Vasculature. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1056. [PMID: 32973564 PMCID: PMC7481479 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular homeostasis is maintained by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a highly selective structure that separates the peripheral blood circulation from the brain and protects the central nervous system (CNS). Dysregulation of BBB function is the precursor of several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), both related to β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and deposition. The origin of BBB dysfunction before and/or during CAA and AD onset is not known. Several studies raise the possibility that vascular dysfunction could be an early step in these diseases and could even precede significant Aβ deposition. Though accumulation of neuron-derived Aβ peptides is considered the primary influence driving AD and CAA pathogenesis, recent studies highlighted the importance of the physiological role of the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) in endothelial cell homeostasis, suggesting a potential role of this protein in maintaining vascular stability. In this review, we will discuss the physiological function of APP and its cleavage products in the vascular endothelium. We further suggest how loss of APP homeostatic regulation in the brain vasculature could lead toward pathological outcomes in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ristori
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marina Ziche
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Deyts C, Clutter M, Pierce N, Chakrabarty P, Ladd TB, Goddi A, Rosario AM, Cruz P, Vetrivel K, Wagner SL, Thinakaran G, Golde TE, Parent AT. APP-Mediated Signaling Prevents Memory Decline in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1345-1355.e6. [PMID: 31042463 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its metabolites play key roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Whereas short amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides derived from APP are pathogenic, the APP holoprotein serves multiple purposes in the nervous system through its cell adhesion and receptor-like properties. Our studies focused on the signaling mediated by the APP cytoplasmic tail. We investigated whether sustained APP signaling during brain development might favor neuronal plasticity and memory process through a direct interaction with the heterotrimeric G-protein subunit GαS (stimulatory G-protein alpha subunit). Our results reveal that APP possesses autonomous regulatory capacity within its intracellular domain that promotes APP cell surface residence, precludes Aβ production, facilitates axodendritic development, and preserves cellular substrates of memory. Altogether, these events contribute to strengthening cognitive functions and are sufficient to modify the course of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Deyts
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mary Clutter
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nicholas Pierce
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Thomas B Ladd
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Anna Goddi
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Awilda M Rosario
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Pedro Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kulandaivelu Vetrivel
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Steven L Wagner
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
| | - Gopal Thinakaran
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Angèle T Parent
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Banote RK, Chebli J, Şatır TM, Varshney GK, Camacho R, Ledin J, Burgess SM, Abramsson A, Zetterberg H. Amyloid precursor protein-b facilitates cell adhesion during early development in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10127. [PMID: 32576936 PMCID: PMC7311384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biological function of amyloid beta (Aβ) precursor protein (APP) beyond its role in Alzheimer's disease is emerging. Yet, its function during embryonic development is poorly understood. The zebrafish APP orthologue, Appb, is strongly expressed during early development but thus far has only been studied via morpholino-mediated knockdown. Zebrafish enables analysis of cellular processes in an ontogenic context, which is limited in many other vertebrates. We characterized zebrafish carrying a homozygous mutation that introduces a premature stop in exon 2 of the appb gene. We report that appb mutants are significantly smaller until 2 dpf and display perturbed enveloping layer (EVL) integrity and cell protrusions at the blastula stage. Moreover, appb mutants surviving beyond 48 hpf exhibited no behavioral defects at 6 dpf and developed into healthy and fertile adults. The expression of the app family member, appa, was also found to be altered in appb mutants. Taken together, we show that appb is involved in the initial development of zebrafish by supporting the integrity of the EVL, likely by mediating cell adhesion properties. The loss of Appb might then be compensated for by other app family members to maintain normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Banote
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Cellectricon AB, Neongatan 4B, SE-431 53, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jasmine Chebli
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tuğçe Munise Şatır
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gaurav K Varshney
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.,Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Rafael Camacho
- Centre for Cellular Imaging, Core Facilities, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Ledin
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.,Department of Organismal Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Alexandra Abramsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N3BG, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute, London, WC1N3BG, United Kingdom
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Ahmadi S, Zobeiri M, Bradburn S. Molecular mechanisms underlying actions of certain long noncoding RNAs in Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:681-693. [PMID: 32185592 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of non-protein coding RNAs that have more than 200 nucleotides. LncRNAs play an important role in the regulation of protein-coding genes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. They are found in most organs, with a high prevalence in the central nervous system. Accumulating data suggests that lncRNAs are involved in various neurodegenerative disorders, including the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent insights suggest lncRNAs, such as BACE1-AS, 51A, 17A, NDM29 and AS-UCHL1, are dysregulated in AD tissues. Furthermore, there are ongoing efforts to explore the clinical usability of lncRNAs as biomarkers in the disease. In this review, we explore the mechanisms by which aberrant expressions of the most studied lncRNAs contribute to the neuropathologies associated with AD, including amyloid β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in patients with AD will reveal novel diagnosis strategies and more effective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamseddin Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Zobeiri
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Steven Bradburn
- Bioscience Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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APP Osaka Mutation in Familial Alzheimer's Disease-Its Discovery, Phenotypes, and Mechanism of Recessive Inheritance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041413. [PMID: 32093100 PMCID: PMC7073033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is believed to begin with synaptic dysfunction caused by soluble Aβ oligomers. When this oligomer hypothesis was proposed in 2002, there was no direct evidence that Aβ oligomers actually disrupt synaptic function to cause cognitive impairment in humans. In patient brains, both soluble and insoluble Aβ species always coexist, and therefore it is difficult to determine which pathologies are caused by Aβ oligomers and which are caused by amyloid fibrils. Thus, no validity of the oligomer hypothesis was available until the Osaka mutation was discovered. This mutation, which was found in a Japanese pedigree of familial Alzheimer’s disease, is the deletion of codon 693 of APP gene, resulting in mutant Aβ lacking the 22nd glutamate. Only homozygous carriers suffer from dementia. In vitro studies revealed that this mutation has a very unique character that accelerates Aβ oligomerization but does not form amyloid fibrils. Model mice expressing this mutation demonstrated that all pathologies of Alzheimer’s disease can be induced by Aβ oligomers alone. In this review, we describe the story behind the discovery of the Osaka mutation, summarize the mutant’s phenotypes, and propose a mechanism of its recessive inheritance.
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Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes: Insulin Signaling as the Bridge Linking Two Pathologies. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:1966-1977. [PMID: 31900863 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01858-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's (or Alzheimer) disease (AD) is the most prevalent subset of dementia, affecting elderly populations worldwide. The cumulative costs of the AD care are rapidly accelerating as the average lifespan increases. Onset and risk factors for AD and AD-like dementias have been largely unknown until recently. Studies show that chronic type II diabetes mellitus (DM) is closely associated with neurodegeneration, especially AD. Type II DM is characterized by the cells' inability to take up insulin, as well as chronic hyperglycemia. In the central nervous system, insulin has crucial regulatory roles, while chronic hyperglycemia leads to formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are the major contributor to insulin resistance in diabetic cells, due to their regulatory role on sirtuin expression. Insulin activity in the central nervous system is known to interact with key proteins affected in neurodegenerative conditions, such as amyloid-β precursor protein (AβPP or APP), huntingtin-associated protein-1 (HAP1), Abelson helper integration site-1 (AHI1 or Jouberin), kinesin, and tau. Sirtuins have been theorized to be the mechanism for insulin resistance, and have been found to be affected in neurodegenerative conditions as well. There are hints that all these neuronal proteins may be closely related, although the mechanisms remain unclear. This review will gather existing research on these proteins and highlight the link between neurodegenerative conditions and diabetes mellitus.
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41
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The Interaction Between Contactin and Amyloid Precursor Protein and Its Role in Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuroscience 2020; 424:184-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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García-González L, Pilat D, Baranger K, Rivera S. Emerging Alternative Proteinases in APP Metabolism and Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: A Focus on MT1-MMP and MT5-MMP. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:244. [PMID: 31607898 PMCID: PMC6769103 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Processing of amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) into amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) by β-secretase and γ-secretase complex is at the heart of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Targeting this proteolytic pathway effectively reduces/prevents pathology and cognitive decline in preclinical experimental models of the disease, but therapeutic strategies based on secretase activity modifying drugs have so far failed in clinical trials. Although this may raise some doubts on the relevance of β- and γ-secretases as targets, new APP-cleaving enzymes, including meprin-β, legumain (δ-secretase), rhomboid-like protein-4 (RHBDL4), caspases and membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs/η-secretases) have confirmed that APP processing remains a solid mechanism in AD pathophysiology. This review will discuss recent findings on the roles of all these proteinases in the nervous system, and in particular on the roles of MT-MMPs, which are at the crossroads of pathological events involving not only amyloidogenesis, but also inflammation and synaptic dysfunctions. Assessing the potential of these emerging proteinases in the Alzheimer’s field opens up new research prospects to improve our knowledge of fundamental mechanisms of the disease and help us establish new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominika Pilat
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Kévin Baranger
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Santiago Rivera
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
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Pavliukeviciene B, Zentelyte A, Jankunec M, Valiuliene G, Talaikis M, Navakauskiene R, Niaura G, Valincius G. Amyloid β oligomers inhibit growth of human cancer cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221563. [PMID: 31509551 PMCID: PMC6738617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers on viability and function of cell lines such as NB4 (human acute promyelocytic leukemia), A549 (human lung cancer (adenocarcinomic alveolar basal epithelial tumor)) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer (invasive breast ductal carcinoma)) were investigated. Two types of Aβ oligomers were used in the study. The first type was produced in the presence of oligomerization inhibitor, hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP). The second type of amyloids was assembled in the absence of the inhibitor. The first type preparation was predominantly populated with dimers and trimers, while the second type contained mostly pentadecamers. These amyloid species exhibited different secondary protein structure with considerable amount of antiparallel β sheet structural elements in HFIP oligomerized Aβ mixtures. The effect of the cell growth inhibition, which was stronger in the case of HFIP Aβ oligomers, was observed for all cell lines. Tests aiming at elucidating the effects of the amyloid species on cell cycles showed little differences between amyloid preparations. This prompts us to conclude that the effect on the cancer cell proliferation rate is less specific to the biological processes developing inside the cells during the proliferation. Therefore, cell growth inhibition may involve interactions with the peripheral parts of the cancer cells, such as a phospholipid membrane, and only in case of the NB4 cells, where accumulation of amyloid species inside the cells was detected, one may imply the opposite. In general, cancer cells were much less susceptible to the damaging effects of amyloid oligomers compared to earlier observations in mixed neuronal cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Pavliukeviciene
- Department of Bioelectrochemistry and Biospectroscopy, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aiste Zentelyte
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marija Jankunec
- Department of Bioelectrochemistry and Biospectroscopy, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Giedre Valiuliene
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Martynas Talaikis
- Department of Bioelectrochemistry and Biospectroscopy, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ruta Navakauskiene
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gediminas Niaura
- Department of Bioelectrochemistry and Biospectroscopy, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gintaras Valincius
- Department of Bioelectrochemistry and Biospectroscopy, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- * E-mail:
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A Novel Apolipoprotein E Antagonist Functionally Blocks Apolipoprotein E Interaction With N-terminal Amyloid Precursor Protein, Reduces β-Amyloid-Associated Pathology, and Improves Cognition. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:208-220. [PMID: 31208706 PMCID: PMC6642011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ɛ4 isoform of apolipoprotein E (apoE4) is a major genetic risk factor for the development of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), and its modification has been an intense focus for treatment of AD during recent years. METHODS We investigated the binding of apoE, a peptide corresponding to its low-density lipoprotein receptor binding domain (amino acids 133-152; ApoEp), and modified ApoEp to amyloid precursor protein (APP) and their effects on amyloid-β (Aβ) production in cultured cells. Having discovered a peptide (6KApoEp) that blocks the interaction of apoE with N-terminal APP, we investigated the effects of this peptide and ApoEp on AD-like pathology and behavioral impairment in 3XTg-AD and 5XFAD transgenic mice. RESULTS ApoE and ApoEp, but not truncated apoE lacking the low-density lipoprotein receptor binding domain, physically interacted with N-terminal APP and thereby mediated Aβ production. Interestingly, the addition of 6 lysine residues to the N-terminus of ApoEp (6KApoEp) directly inhibited apoE binding to N-terminal APP and markedly limited apoE- and ApoEp-mediated Aβ generation, presumably through decreasing APP cellular membrane trafficking and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. Moreover, while promoting apoE interaction with APP by ApoEp exacerbated Aβ and tau brain pathologies in 3XTg-AD mice, disrupting this interaction by 6KApoEp ameliorated cerebral Aβ and tau pathologies, neuronal apoptosis, synaptic loss, and hippocampal-dependent learning and memory impairment in 5XFAD mice without altering cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein receptor, and apoE expression levels. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that disrupting apoE interaction with N-terminal APP may be a novel disease-modifying therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Tang BL. Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and GABAergic Neurotransmission. Cells 2019; 8:E550. [PMID: 31174368 PMCID: PMC6627941 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is the parent polypeptide from which amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides, key etiological agents of Alzheimer's disease (AD), are generated by sequential proteolytic processing involving β- and γ-secretases. APP mutations underlie familial, early-onset AD, and the involvement of APP in AD pathology has been extensively studied. However, APP has important physiological roles in the mammalian brain, particularly its modulation of synaptic functions and neuronal survival. Recent works have now shown that APP could directly modulate γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission in two broad ways. Firstly, APP is shown to interact with and modulate the levels and activity of the neuron-specific Potassium-Chloride (K+-Cl-) cotransporter KCC2/SLC12A5. The latter is key to the maintenance of neuronal chloride (Cl-) levels and the GABA reversal potential (EGABA), and is therefore important for postsynaptic GABAergic inhibition through the ionotropic GABAA receptors. Secondly, APP binds to the sushi domain of metabotropic GABAB receptor 1a (GABABR1a). In this regard, APP complexes and is co-transported with GABAB receptor dimers bearing GABABR1a to the axonal presynaptic plasma membrane. On the other hand, secreted (s)APP generated by secretase cleavages could act as a GABABR1a-binding ligand that modulates presynaptic vesicle release. The discovery of these novel roles and activities of APP in GABAergic neurotransmission underlies the physiological importance of APP in postnatal brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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Expression of AHI1 Rescues Amyloidogenic Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Model Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7572-7582. [PMID: 31062249 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is the accumulation of extracellular plaques mainly composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage. Recent reports suggest that transport of APP in vesicles with huntingtin-associated protein-1 (HAP1) negatively regulates Aβ production. In neurons, HAP1 forms a stable complex with Abelson helper integration site-1 (AHI1), in which mutations cause neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. HAP1 and AHI1 interact with tropomyosin receptor kinases (Trks), which are also associated with APP and mediate neurotrophic signaling. In this study, we hypothesize that AHI1 participates in APP trafficking and processing to rescue AD pathology. Indeed, AHI1 was significantly reduced in mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells expressing human Swedish and Indiana APP (designed as AD model cells) and in 3xTg-AD mouse brain. The AD model cells as well as Ahi1-knockdown cells expressing wild-type APP-695 exhibited a significant reduction in viability. In addition, the AD model cells were reduced in neurite outgrowth. APP C-terminal fragment-β (CTFβ) and Aβ42 were increased in the AD cell lysates and the culture media, respectively. To investigate the mechanism how AHI1 alters APP activities, we overexpressed human AHI1 in the AD model cells. The results showed that AHI1 interacted with APP physically in mouse brain and transfected N2a cells despite APP genotypes. AHI1 expression facilitated intracellular translocation of APP and inhibited APP amyloidogenic process to reduce the level of APP-CTFβ in the total lysates of AD model cells as well as Aβ in the culture media. Consequently, AHI1-APP interactions enhanced neurotrophic signaling through Erk activation and led to restored cell survival and differentiation.
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Martinelli AHS, Lopes FC, John EBO, Carlini CR, Ligabue-Braun R. Modulation of Disordered Proteins with a Focus on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Other Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061322. [PMID: 30875980 PMCID: PMC6471803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) do not have rigid 3D structures, showing changes in their folding depending on the environment or ligands. Intrinsically disordered proteins are widely spread in eukaryotic genomes, and these proteins participate in many cell regulatory metabolism processes. Some IDPs, when aberrantly folded, can be the cause of some diseases such as Alzheimer′s, Parkinson′s, and prionic, among others. In these diseases, there are modifications in parts of the protein or in its entirety. A common conformational variation of these IDPs is misfolding and aggregation, forming, for instance, neurotoxic amyloid plaques. In this review, we discuss some IDPs that are involved in neurodegenerative diseases (such as beta amyloid, alpha synuclein, tau, and the “IDP-like” PrP), cancer (p53, c-Myc), and diabetes (amylin), focusing on the structural changes of these IDPs that are linked to such pathologies. We also present the IDP modulation mechanisms that can be explored in new strategies for drug design. Lastly, we show some candidate drugs that can be used in the future for the treatment of diseases caused by misfolded IDPs, considering that cancer therapy has more advanced research in comparison to other diseases, while also discussing recent and future developments in this area of research. Therefore, we aim to provide support to the study of IDPs and their modulation mechanisms as promising approaches to combat such severe diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne H S Martinelli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology & Department of Biophysics, Biosciences Institute-IB, (UFRGS), Porto Alegre CEP 91501-970, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda C Lopes
- Center for Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre CEP 91501-970, RS, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre CEP 91501-970, RS, Brazil.
| | - Elisa B O John
- Center for Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre CEP 91501-970, RS, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre CEP 91501-970, RS, Brazil.
| | - Célia R Carlini
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre CEP 91501-970, RS, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre CEP 91410-000, RS, Brazil.
- Brain Institute-InsCer, Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre CEP 90610-000, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre CEP 90050-170, RS, Brazil.
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Multi-site dynamic recording for Aβ oligomers-induced Alzheimer's disease in vitro based on neuronal network chip. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 133:183-191. [PMID: 30928737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic central neurodegenerative disease. The pathological features of AD are the extracellular deposition of senile plaques formed by amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) and the intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles. However, due to the lack of effective method and experimental models to study the cognitive decline, communication at cell resolution and the implementation of interventions, the diagnosis and treatment on AD still progress slowly. In this paper, we established a pathological model of AD in vitro based on AβOs-induced hippocampal neuronal network chip for multi-site dynamic analysis of the neuronal electrical activity and network connection. The multiple characteristic parameters, including positive and negative spike intervals, firing rate and peak-to-peak values, were extracted through the analysis of spike signals, and two firing patterns from the interneurons and pyramidal neurons were recorded. The spatial firing patterns mapping and cross-correlation between channels were performed to validate the degeneration of neuronal network connectivity. Moreover, an electrical stimulation with frequency at 40 Hz was exerted to preliminarily explore the therapeutic effect on the pathological model of AD. This neuronal network chip enables the implementation of AD models in vitro for studying basic mechanisms of neurodegeneration within networks and for the parallel testing of various potential therapies. It can be a novel technique in the research of AD pathological model in vitro.
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Tsai YF, Yang DJ, Ngo TH, Shih CH, Wu YF, Lee CK, Phraekanjanavichid V, Yen SF, Kao SH, Lee HM, Huang VS, Shieh JCC, Lin YF. Ganglioside Hp-s1 Analogue Inhibits Amyloidogenic Toxicity in Alzheimer's Disease Model Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:528-536. [PMID: 30346715 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by extracellular deposition of amyloid plaques, which are predominantly composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage. APP interacts with tropomyosin receptor kinase A, a neurotrophic receptor associated with gangliosides and mediating neuronal survival and differentiation through the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway. The ganglioside Hp-s1's analogue Hp-s1A exerts neuritogenic activity; however, its effect on AD pathology remains unknown. To test the hypothesis that Hp-s1A is a potential candidate to treat AD, we established the AD-modeled cell line by expressing human Swedish and Indiana APP gene (APP-Swe/Ind) in N2a mouse neuroblastoma cells. The cells were treated with Hp-s1A or monosialoganglioside GM1 for comparison. The AD model cells expressing APP-Swe/Ind exhibited a significant reduction in viability, as well as neurite outgrowth rate, in comparison to the control cells expressing APP-695. APP C-terminal fragment-β (CTFβ) and Aβ42 were increased in the AD cell lysates and the culture media, respectively. With the treatment of either Hp-s1A or GM1 at 1 μM, the AD model cells showed a significant increase in viability; however, only Hp-s1A reduced CTFβ levels in these cells. Further analysis of the culture media revealed that Hp-s1A also reduced Aβ42 production from AD model cells. The phosphorylation of ERK was elevated and the neurite outgrowth rate was restored with Hp-s1A treatment. In conclusion, the ganglioside analogue Hp-s1A inhibited amyloidogenic processing of APP and promoted neurotrophic activity and survival of AD model cells. Hp-s1A has great potential in AD therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yow-Fu Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Dun-Jhu Yang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Thi Huong Ngo
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cheng-Hua Shih
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fa Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kuo Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Veerapol Phraekanjanavichid
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Yen
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huei Kao
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Mo Lee
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Vivian Shuhsien Huang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jonathan Chang-Cheng Shieh
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Feng Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Young TR, Wedd AG, Xiao Z. Evaluation of Cu(i) binding to the E2 domain of the amyloid precursor protein - a lesson in quantification of metal binding to proteins via ligand competition. Metallomics 2019; 10:108-119. [PMID: 29215101 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00291b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular domain E2 of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) features a His-rich metal-binding site (denoted as the M1 site). In conjunction with surrounding basic residues, the site participates in interactions with components of the extracellular matrix including heparins, a class of negatively charged polysaccharide molecules of varying length. This work studied the chemistry of Cu(i) binding to APP E2 with the probe ligands Bcs, Bca, Fz and Fs. APP E2 forms a stable Cu(i)-mediated ternary complex with each of these anionic ligands. The complex with Bca was selected for isolation and characterization and was demonstrated, by native ESI-MS analysis, to have the stoichiometry E2 : Cu(i) : Bca = 1 : 1 : 1. Formation of these ternary complexes is specific for the APP E2 domain and requires Cu(i) coordination to the M1 site. Mutation of the M1 site was consistent with the His ligands being part of the E2 ligand set. It is likely that interactions between the negatively charged probe ligands and a positively charged patch on the surface of APP E2 are one aspect of the generation of the stable ternary complexes. Their formation prevented meaningful quantification of the affinity of Cu(i) binding to the M1 site with these probe ligands. However, the ternary complexes are disrupted by heparin, allowing reliable determination of a picomolar Cu(i) affinity for the E2/heparin complex with the Fz or Bca probe ligands. This is the first documented example of the formation of stable ternary complexes between a Cu(i) binding protein and a probe ligand. The ready disruption of the complexes by heparin identified clear 'tell-tale' signs for diagnosis of ternary complex formation and allowed a systematic review of conditions and criteria for reliable determination of affinities for metal binding via ligand competition. This study also provides new insights into a potential correlation of APP functions regulated by copper binding and heparin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa R Young
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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