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Kim YE, Lim JS, Suh CH, Heo H, Roh JH, Cheong EN, Lee Y, Kim JW, Lee JH. Effects of strategic white matter hyperintensities of cholinergic pathways on basal forebrain volume in patients with amyloid-negative neurocognitive disorders. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:185. [PMID: 39148136 PMCID: PMC11325579 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cholinergic neurotransmitter system is crucial to cognitive function, with the basal forebrain (BF) being particularly susceptible to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, the interaction of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in cholinergic pathways and BF atrophy without amyloid pathology remains poorly understood. METHODS We enrolled patients who underwent neuropsychological tests, magnetic resonance imaging, and 18F-florbetaben positron emission tomography due to cognitive impairment at the teaching university hospital from 2015 to 2022. Among these, we selected patients with negative amyloid scans and additionally excluded those with Parkinson's dementia that may be accompanied by BF atrophy. The WMH burden of cholinergic pathways was quantified by the Cholinergic Pathways Hyperintensities Scale (CHIPS) score, and categorized into tertile groups because the CHIPS score did not meet normal distribution. Segmentation of the BF on volumetric T1-weighted MRI was performed using FreeSurfer, then was normalized for total intracranial volume. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between BF volumes and CHIPS scores. RESULTS A total of 187 patients were enrolled. The median CHIPS score was 12 [IQR 5.0; 24.0]. The BF volume of the highest CHIPS tertile group (mean ± SD, 3.51 ± 0.49, CHIPSt3) was significantly decreased than those of the lower CHIPS tertile groups (3.75 ± 0.53, CHIPSt2; 3.83 ± 0.53, CHIPSt1; P = 0.02). In the univariable regression analysis, factors showing significant associations with the BF volume were the CHIPSt3 group, age, female, education, diabetes mellitus, smoking, previous stroke history, periventricular WMH, and cerebral microbleeds. In multivariable regression analysis, the CHIPSt3 group (standardized beta [βstd] = -0.25, P = 0.01), female (βstd = 0.20, P = 0.04), and diabetes mellitus (βstd = -0.22, P < 0.01) showed a significant association with the BF volume. Sensitivity analyses showed a negative correlation between CHIPS score and normalized BF volume, regardless of WMH severity. CONCLUSIONS We identified a significant correlation between strategic WMH burden in the cholinergic pathway and BF atrophy independently of amyloid positivity and WMH severity. These results suggest a mechanism of cholinergic neuronal loss through the dying-back phenomenon and provide a rationale that strategic WMH assessment may help identify target groups that may benefit from acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Lim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Chong Hyun Suh
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwon Heo
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hoon Roh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - E-Nae Cheong
- Department of Medical Science and Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoojin Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Wagner PM, Salgado MA, Turani O, Fornasier SJ, Salvador GA, Smania AM, Bouzat C, Guido ME. Rhythms in lipid droplet content driven by a metabolic oscillator are conserved throughout evolution. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:348. [PMID: 39136766 PMCID: PMC11335272 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
The biological clock in eukaryotes controls daily rhythms in physiology and behavior. It displays a complex organization that involves the molecular transcriptional clock and the redox oscillator which may coordinately work to control cellular rhythms. The redox oscillator has emerged very early in evolution in adaptation to the environmental changes in O2 levels and has been shown to regulate daily rhythms in glycerolipid (GL) metabolism in different eukaryotic cells. GLs are key components of lipid droplets (LDs), intracellular storage organelles, present in all living organisms, and essential for energy and lipid homeostasis regulation and survival; however, the cell bioenergetics status is not constant across time and depends on energy demands. Thus, the formation and degradation of LDs may reflect a time-dependent process following energy requirements. This work investigated the presence of metabolic rhythms in LD content along evolution by studying prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and organisms. We found sustained temporal oscillations in LD content in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria and Caenorhabditis elegans synchronized by temperature cycles, in serum-shock synchronized human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293 cells) and brain tumor cells (T98G and GL26) after a dexamethasone pulse. Moreover, in synchronized T98G cells, LD oscillations were altered by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibition that affects the cytosolic activity of the metabolic oscillator or by knocking down LIPIN-1, a key GL synthesizing enzyme. Overall, our findings reveal the existence of metabolic oscillations in terms of LD content highly conserved across evolutionary scales notwithstanding variations in complexity, regulation, and cell organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Wagner
- CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mauricio A Salgado
- CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ornella Turani
- INIBIBB-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Camino de la Carrindanga, km 7, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Santiago J Fornasier
- CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A Salvador
- INIBIBB-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Camino de la Carrindanga, km 7, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Andrea M Smania
- CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Bouzat
- INIBIBB-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Camino de la Carrindanga, km 7, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Mario E Guido
- CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Fitzsimons LA, Atif-Sheikh M, Lovely J, Mueth M, Rice M, Kotredes K, Howell G, Harrison BJ. CD2AP is Co-Expressed with Tropomyosin-Related Kinase A and Ras-Related Protein Rab-5A in Cholinergic Neurons of the Murine Basal Forebrain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.24.604961. [PMID: 39211110 PMCID: PMC11361140 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.24.604961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons project to the hippocampus and cortex, are critical for learning and memory, and are central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). GWAS have consistently shown that genomic variants at the CD2AP gene locus are associated with significant increased risk of AD. GWAS studies have also shown that genetic variants in endocytosis genes, including RAB5A , significantly increase susceptibility to AD. Previous work in our lab has shown that CD2AP functions as a docking-scaffold/adaptor protein as a coordinator of nerve growth factor (NGF) and trophic signaling in neurons. We have also demonstrated that CD2AP positively regulates Rab5-mediated mechanisms of endocytosis in primary sensory neurons. The purpose of this study was to perform an in vivo characterization of CD2AP expression in cholinergic neurons of the brain regions most relevant to AD pathogenesis and to investigate the colocalization of CD2AP and Rab5 in cholinergic neurons of the murine basal forebrain. Brain tissue was perfused, harvested from ChAT BAC -eGFP transgenic mice (N=4 male, N=4 female; aged 10 mo), where cholinergic neurons (co-) express green fluorescence protein (GFP) in central and peripheral neurons that express choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Frozen tissue sections were used to assess the specificity of the reporter in mouse brain along with localization of both CD2AP and Rab5 (co-) expression using immunofluorescence (IF) analysis of ChAT-GFP+ neurons and primary antibodies against ChAT, CD2AP and Rab5. Image J software was used to develop and optimize a colocalization assay for CD2AP and Rab5 puncta. Experiments were repeated in a follow-up cohort of aged-adult mice (N=2 male, N=2 female; aged 18 mo). IF expression of CD2AP was quantified in the basal forebrain, diagonal band of Broca (vDB), and striatal regions and compared to results from the cortical regions of the adult mouse brain. Colocalization of CD2AP was observed in the cell bodies of ChAT-GFP+ neurons of the striatum, vDB and basal forebrain regions, where CD2AP expression intensity as well as the number of cell bodies with positive signal increased incrementally. Colocalization analyses revealed near-complete overlap of CD2AP and Rab5 expression in ChAT-GFP+ cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain region. We conclude that cholinergic neurons express CD2AP in healthy adult and aged-adult mouse brains. These data provide the first evidence of quantifiable CD2AP protein expression of cholinergic neurons specific to the diagonal band of Broca (vDB) and basal forebrain. Together with previous research from our lab, these data support a role for CD2AP in the pathogenesis of AD through orchestration of endocytosis and retrograde signaling. Ongoing studies are underway to verify these findings in a novel AD mouse model that incorporates the humanized variant of CD2AP , created by MODEL-AD, where we aim to further investigate how CD2AP variants may affect mechanistic components of Rab5 endocytosis as well as subsequent survival of cholinergic neurons in the context of known amyloid beta and Tau pathologies.
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Sundman MH, Green JM, Fuglevand AJ, Chou YH. TMS-derived short afferent inhibition discriminates cognitive status in older adults without dementia. AGING BRAIN 2024; 6:100123. [PMID: 39132326 PMCID: PMC11315225 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2024.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex and diverse biological process characterized by progressive molecular, cellular, and tissue damage, resulting in a loss of physiological integrity and heightened vulnerability to pathology. This biological diversity corresponds with highly variable cognitive trajectories, which are further confounded by genetic and environmental factors that influence the resilience of the aging brain. Given this complexity, there is a need for neurophysiological indicators that not only discern physiologic and pathologic aging but also closely align with cognitive trajectories. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) may have utility in this regard as a non-invasive brain stimulation tool that can characterize features of cortical excitability. Particularly, as a proxy for central cholinergic function, short-afferent inhibition (SAI) dysfunction is robustly associated with cognitive deficits in the latter stages of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia (ADRD). In this study, we evaluated SAI in healthy young adults and older adults who, though absent clinical diagnoses, were algorithmically classified as cognitively normal (CN) or cognitively impaired (CI) according to the Jak/Bondi actuarial criteria. We report that SAI is preserved in the Old-CN cohort relative to the young adults, and SAI is significantly diminished in the Old-CI cohort relative to both young and CN older adults. Additionally, diminished SAI was significantly associated with impaired sustained attention and working memory. As a proxy measure for central cholinergic deficits, we discuss the potential value of SAI for discerning physiological and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H. Sundman
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jacob M. Green
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Andrew J. Fuglevand
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ying-hui Chou
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute, Arizona Center on Aging, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Dai M, Qian K, Ye Q, Yang J, Gan L, Jia Z, Pan Z, Cai Q, Jiang T, Ma C, Lin X. Specific Mode Electroacupuncture Stimulation Mediates the Delivery of NGF Across the Hippocampus Blood-Brain Barrier Through p65-VEGFA-TJs to Improve the Cognitive Function of MCAO/R Convalescent Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04337-8. [PMID: 38995444 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment frequently presents as a prevalent consequence following stroke, imposing significant burdens on patients, families, and society. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and underlying mechanism of nerve growth factor (NGF) in treating post-stroke cognitive dysfunction in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (MCAO/R) through delivery into the brain using specific mode electroacupuncture stimulation (SMES). From the 28th day after modeling, the rats were treated with NGF mediated by SMES, and the cognitive function of the rats was observed after treatment. Learning and memory ability were evaluated using behavioral tests. The impact of SMES on blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, the underlying mechanism of cognitive enhancement in rats with MCAO/R, including transmission electron microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and TUNEL staining. We reported that SMES demonstrates a safe and efficient ability to open the BBB during the cerebral ischemia repair phase, facilitating the delivery of NGF to the brain by the p65-VEGFA-TJs pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Dai
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kecheng Qian
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinyu Ye
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinding Yang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Gan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxing Jia
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zixing Pan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Cai
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianxiang Jiang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congcong Ma
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Xihu District, Moganshan Road No. 219, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xianming Lin
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Xihu District, Moganshan Road No. 219, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, No. 2828, Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Liu H, Gao W, Jiao Q, Cao W, Guo Y, Cui D, Shi Y, Sun F, Su L, Lu G. Structural and functional disruption of subcortical limbic structures related with executive function in pediatric bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 175:461-469. [PMID: 38820996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired cognition has been demonstrated in pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). The subcortical limbic structures play a key role in PBD. However, alternations of anatomical and functional characteristics of subcortical limbic structures and their relationship with neurocognition of PBD remain unclear. METHODS Thirty-six PBD type I (PBD-I) (15.36 ± 0.32 years old), twenty PBD type II (PBD-II) (14.80 ± 0.32 years old) and nineteen age-gender matched healthy controls (HCs) (14.16 ± 0.36 years old) were enlisted. Primarily, the volumes of the subcortical limbic structures were obtained and differences in the volumes were evaluated. Then, these structures served as seeds of regions of interest to calculate the voxel-wised functional connectivity (FC). After that, correlation analysis was completed between volumes and FC of brain regions showing significant differences and neuropsychological tests. RESULTS Compared to HCs, both PBD-I and PBD-II patients showed a decrease in the Stroop color word test (SCWT) and digit span backward test scores. Compared with HCs, PBD-II patients exhibited a significantly increased volume of right septal nuclei, and PBD-I patients presented increased FC of right nucleus accumbens and bilateral pallidum, of right basal forebrain with right putamen and left pallidum. Both the significantly altered volumes and FC were negatively correlated with SCWT scores. SIGNIFICANCE The study revealed the role of subcortical limbic structural and functional abnormalities on cognitive impairments in PBD patients. These may have far-reaching significance for the etiology of PBD and provide neuroimaging clues for the differential diagnosis of PBD subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Distinctive features of neural structure and function in PBD subtypes may contribute to better comprehending the potential mechanisms of PBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China; School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Weijia Gao
- Department of Child Psychology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Jiao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China; School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.
| | - Weifang Cao
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Yongxin Guo
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Dong Cui
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Fengzhu Sun
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Linyan Su
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Tripathi PN, Lodhi A, Rai SN, Nandi NK, Dumoga S, Yadav P, Tiwari AK, Singh SK, El-Shorbagi ANA, Chaudhary S. Review of Pharmacotherapeutic Targets in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Management Using Traditional Medicinal Plants. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2024; 14:47-74. [PMID: 38784601 PMCID: PMC11114142 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s452009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and impaired daily functioning. While there is currently no cure for AD, several pharmacotherapeutic targets and management strategies have been explored. Additionally, traditional medicinal plants have gained attention for their potential role in AD management. Pharmacotherapeutic targets in AD include amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and cholinergic dysfunction. Traditional medicinal plants, such as Ginkgo biloba, Huperzia serrata, Curcuma longa (turmeric), and Panax ginseng, have demonstrated the ability to modulate these targets through their bioactive compounds. Ginkgo biloba, for instance, contains flavonoids and terpenoids that exhibit neuroprotective effects by reducing Aβ deposition and enhancing cerebral blood flow. Huperzia serrata, a natural source of huperzine A, has acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting properties, thus improving cholinergic function. Curcuma longa, enriched with curcumin, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, potentially mitigating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Panax ginseng's ginsenosides have shown neuroprotective and anti-amyloidogenic properties. The investigation of traditional medicinal plants as a complementary approach to AD management offers several advantages, including a lower risk of adverse effects and potential multi-target interactions. Furthermore, the cultural knowledge and utilization of these plants provide a rich source of information for the development of new therapies. However, further research is necessary to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action, standardize preparations, and assess the safety and efficacy of these natural remedies. Integrating traditional medicinal-plant-based therapies with modern pharmacotherapies may hold the key to a more comprehensive and effective approach to AD treatment. This review aims to explore the pharmacotherapeutic targets in AD and assess the potential of traditional medicinal plants in its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhash Nath Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Lodhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sachchida Nand Rai
- Center of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nilay Kumar Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Dumoga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Center of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdel-Nasser A El-Shorbagi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sachin Chaudhary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Tanaka M, Battaglia S, Giménez-Llort L, Chen C, Hepsomali P, Avenanti A, Vécsei L. Innovation at the Intersection: Emerging Translational Research in Neurology and Psychiatry. Cells 2024; 13:790. [PMID: 38786014 PMCID: PMC11120114 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Translational research in neurological and psychiatric diseases is a rapidly advancing field that promises to redefine our approach to these complex conditions [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tanaka
- HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Szeged (HUN-REN-SZTE), Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Simone Battaglia
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Campus Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chong Chen
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan;
| | - Piril Hepsomali
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6ET, UK;
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
- Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center (CINPSI Neurocog), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - László Vécsei
- HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Szeged (HUN-REN-SZTE), Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
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9
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Lagarde J, Olivieri P, Tonietto M, Noiray C, Lehericy S, Valabrègue R, Caillé F, Gervais P, Moussion M, Bottlaender M, Sarazin M. Combined in vivo MRI assessment of locus coeruleus and nucleus basalis of Meynert integrity in amnestic Alzheimer's disease, suspected-LATE and frontotemporal dementia. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:97. [PMID: 38702802 PMCID: PMC11067144 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The locus coeruleus (LC) and the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) are altered in early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Little is known about LC and NBM alteration in limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The aim of the present study is to investigate in vivo LC and NBM integrity in patients with suspected-LATE, early-amnestic AD and FTD in comparison with controls. METHODS Seventy-two participants (23 early amnestic-AD patients, 17 suspected-LATE, 17 FTD patients, defined by a clinical-biological diagnosis reinforced by amyloid and tau PET imaging, and 15 controls) underwent neuropsychological assessment and 3T brain MRI. We analyzed the locus coeruleus signal intensity (LC-I) and the NBM volume as well as their relation with cognition and with medial temporal/cortical atrophy. RESULTS We found significantly lower LC-I and NBM volume in amnestic-AD and suspected-LATE in comparison with controls. In FTD, we also observed lower NBM volume but a slightly less marked alteration of the LC-I, independently of the temporal or frontal phenotype. NBM volume was correlated with the global cognitive efficiency in AD patients. Strong correlations were found between NBM volume and that of medial temporal structures, particularly the amygdala in both AD and FTD patients. CONCLUSIONS The alteration of LC and NBM in amnestic-AD, presumed-LATE and FTD suggests a common vulnerability of these structures to different proteinopathies. Targeting the noradrenergic and cholinergic systems could be effective therapeutic strategies in LATE and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lagarde
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, F- 91401, France.
- Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Pauline Olivieri
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - Matteo Tonietto
- Université Paris-Saclay, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, F- 91401, France
| | - Camille Noiray
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Lehericy
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche - CENIR, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière - ICM, Paris, F-75013, France
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Romain Valabrègue
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche - CENIR, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière - ICM, Paris, F-75013, France
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Fabien Caillé
- Université Paris-Saclay, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, F- 91401, France
| | - Philippe Gervais
- Université Paris-Saclay, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, F- 91401, France
| | - Martin Moussion
- Centre d'Evaluation Troubles Psychiques et Vieillissement, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, F-75014, France
| | - Michel Bottlaender
- Université Paris-Saclay, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, F- 91401, France
- UNIACT, Neurospin, Gif-sur-Yvette, CEA, F-91191, France
| | - Marie Sarazin
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, F- 91401, France
- Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
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Zou Y, Tong C, Peng W, Qiu Y, Li J, Xia Y, Pei M, Zhang K, Li W, Xu M, Liang Z. Cell-type-specific optogenetic fMRI on basal forebrain reveals functional network basis of behavioral preference. Neuron 2024; 112:1342-1357.e6. [PMID: 38359827 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The basal forebrain (BF) is a complex structure that plays key roles in regulating various brain functions. However, it remains unclear how cholinergic and non-cholinergic BF neurons modulate large-scale functional networks and their relevance in intrinsic and extrinsic behaviors. With an optimized awake mouse optogenetic fMRI approach, we revealed that optogenetic stimulation of four BF neuron types evoked distinct cell-type-specific whole-brain BOLD activations, which could be attributed to BF-originated low-dimensional structural networks. Additionally, optogenetic activation of VGLUT2, ChAT, and PV neurons in the BF modulated the preference for locomotion, exploration, and grooming, respectively. Furthermore, we uncovered the functional network basis of the above BF-modulated behavioral preference through a decoding model linking the BF-modulated BOLD activation, low-dimensional structural networks, and behavioral preference. To summarize, we decoded the functional network basis of differential behavioral preferences with cell-type-specific optogenetic fMRI on the BF and provided an avenue for investigating mouse behaviors from a whole-brain view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Zou
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; International Center for Primate Brain Research, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Chuanjun Tong
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; International Center for Primate Brain Research, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Wanling Peng
- Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Cardiac Intensive Care Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiangxue Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mengchao Pei
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kaiwei Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Weishuai Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Min Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Zhifeng Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; International Center for Primate Brain Research, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China.
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11
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Lane RM, Darreh-Shori T, Junge C, Li D, Yang Q, Edwards AL, Graham DL, Moore K, Mummery CJ. Onset of Alzheimer disease in apolipoprotein ɛ4 carriers is earlier in butyrylcholinesterase K variant carriers. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:116. [PMID: 38594621 PMCID: PMC11003149 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors sought to examine the impact of the K-variant of butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE-K) carrier status on age-at-diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) in APOE4 carriers. METHODS Patients aged 50-74 years with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker-confirmed AD, were recruited to clinical trial (NCT03186989 since June 14, 2017). Baseline demographics, disease characteristics, and biomarkers were evaluated in 45 patients according to BCHE-K and APOE4 allelic status in this post-hoc study. RESULTS In APOE4 carriers (N = 33), the mean age-at-diagnosis of AD in BCHE-K carriers (n = 11) was 6.4 years earlier than in BCHE-K noncarriers (n = 22, P < .001, ANOVA). In APOE4 noncarriers (N = 12) there was no observed influence of BCHE-K. APOE4 carriers with BCHE-K also exhibited slightly higher amyloid and tau accumulations compared to BCHE-K noncarriers. A predominantly amyloid, limited tau, and limbic-amnestic phenotype was exemplified by APOE4 homozygotes with BCHE-K. In the overall population, multiple regression analyses demonstrated an association of amyloid accumulation with APOE4 carrier status (P < .029), larger total brain ventricle volume (P < .021), less synaptic injury (Ng, P < .001), and less tau pathophysiology (p-tau181, P < .005). In contrast, tau pathophysiology was associated with more neuroaxonal damage (NfL, P = .002), more synaptic injury (Ng, P < .001), and higher levels of glial activation (YKL-40, P = .01). CONCLUSION These findings have implications for the genetic architecture of prognosis in early AD, not the genetics of susceptibility to AD. In patients with early AD aged less than 75 years, the mean age-at-diagnosis of AD in APOE4 carriers was reduced by over 6 years in BCHE-K carriers versus noncarriers. The functional status of glia may explain many of the effects of APOE4 and BCHE-K on the early AD phenotype. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03186989 since June 14, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger M Lane
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA.
| | - Taher Darreh-Shori
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatric, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Candice Junge
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | | | | | - Katrina Moore
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
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12
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De Waegenaere S, van den Berg M, Keliris GA, Adhikari MH, Verhoye M. Early altered directionality of resting brain network state transitions in the TgF344-AD rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1379923. [PMID: 38646161 PMCID: PMC11026683 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1379923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease resulting in memory loss and cognitive decline. Synaptic dysfunction is an early hallmark of the disease whose effects on whole-brain functional architecture can be identified using resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI). Insights into mechanisms of early, whole-brain network alterations can help our understanding of the functional impact of AD's pathophysiology. Methods Here, we obtained rsfMRI data in the TgF344-AD rat model at the pre- and early-plaque stages. This model recapitulates the major pathological and behavioral hallmarks of AD. We used co-activation pattern (CAP) analysis to investigate if and how the dynamic organization of intrinsic brain functional networks states, undetectable by earlier methods, is altered at these early stages. Results We identified and characterized six intrinsic brain states as CAPs, their spatial and temporal features, and the transitions between the different states. At the pre-plaque stage, the TgF344-AD rats showed reduced co-activation of hub regions in the CAPs corresponding to the default mode-like and lateral cortical network. Default mode-like network activity segregated into two distinct brain states, with one state characterized by high co-activation of the basal forebrain. This basal forebrain co-activation was reduced in TgF344-AD animals mainly at the pre-plaque stage. Brain state transition probabilities were altered at the pre-plaque stage between states involving the default mode-like network, lateral cortical network, and basal forebrain regions. Additionally, while the directionality preference in the network-state transitions observed in the wild-type animals at the pre-plaque stage had diminished at the early-plaque stage, TgF344-AD animals continued to show directionality preference at both stages. Discussion Our study enhances the understanding of intrinsic brain state dynamics and how they are impacted at the early stages of AD, providing a nuanced characterization of the early, functional impact of the disease's neurodegenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam De Waegenaere
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- μNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Monica van den Berg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- μNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Georgios A. Keliris
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Mohit H. Adhikari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- μNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marleen Verhoye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- μNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Uchida S, Kagitani F. Influence of age on nicotinic cholinergic regulation of blood flow in rat's olfactory bulb and neocortex. J Physiol Sci 2024; 74:18. [PMID: 38491428 PMCID: PMC10941616 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The olfactory bulb receives cholinergic basal forebrain inputs as does the neocortex. With a focus on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), this review article provides an overview and discussion of the following findings: (1) the nAChRs-mediated regulation of regional blood flow in the neocortex and olfactory bulb, (2) the nAChR subtypes that mediate their responses, and (3) their activity in old rats. The activation of the α4β2-like subtype of nAChRs produces vasodilation in the neocortex, and potentiates olfactory bulb vasodilation induced by olfactory stimulation. The nAChR activity producing neocortical vasodilation was similarly maintained in 2-year-old rats as in adult rats, but was clearly reduced in 3-year-old rats. In contrast, nAChR activity in the olfactory bulb was reduced already in 2-year-old rats. Thus, age-related impairment of α4β2-like nAChR function may occur earlier in the olfactory bulb than in the neocortex. Given the findings, the vasodilation induced by α4β2-like nAChR activation may be beneficial for neuroprotection in the neocortex and the olfactory bulb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Uchida
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Fusako Kagitani
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
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14
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Ananth MR, Gardus JD, Huang C, Palekar N, Slifstein M, Zaborszky L, Parsey RV, Talmage DA, DeLorenzo C, Role LW. Loss of cholinergic input to the entorhinal cortex is an early indicator of cognitive impairment in natural aging of humans and mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3851086. [PMID: 38260541 PMCID: PMC10802688 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3851086/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In a series of translational experiments using fully quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with a new tracer specific for the vesicular acetylcholine transporter ([18F]VAT) in vivo in humans, and genetically targeted cholinergic markers in mice, we evaluated whether changes to the cholinergic system were an early feature of age-related cognitive decline. We found that deficits in cholinergic innervation of the entorhinal cortex (EC) and decline in performance on behavioral tasks engaging the EC are, strikingly, early features of the aging process. In human studies, we recruited older adult volunteers that were physically healthy and without prior clinical diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Using [18F]VAT PET imaging, we demonstrate that there is measurable loss of cholinergic inputs to the EC that can serve as an early signature of decline in EC cognitive performance. These deficits are specific to the cholinergic circuit between the medial septum and vertical limb of the diagonal band (MS/vDB; CH1/2) to the EC. Using diffusion imaging, we further demonstrate impaired structural connectivity in the tracts between the MS/vDB and EC in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Experiments in mouse, designed to parallel and extend upon the human studies, used high resolution imaging to evaluate cholinergic terminal density and immediate early gene (IEG) activity of EC neurons in healthy aging mice and in mice with genetic susceptibility to accelerated accumulation amyloid beta plaques and hyperphosphorylated mouse tau. Across species and aging conditions, we find that the integrity of cholinergic projections to the EC directly correlates with the extent of EC activation and with performance on EC-related object recognition memory tasks. Silencing EC-projecting cholinergic neurons in young, healthy mice during the object-location memory task impairs object recognition performance, mimicking aging. Taken together we identify a role for acetylcholine in normal EC function and establish loss of cholinergic input to the EC as an early, conserved feature of age-related cognitive decline in both humans and rodents.
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Urso D, Nigro S, Tafuri B, De Blasi R, Pereira JB, Logroscino G. Nucleus Basalis of Meynert Degeneration Predicts Cognitive Decline in Corticobasal Syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)00061-1. [PMID: 38309321 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive changes are common in corticobasal syndrome (CBS) and significantly impact quality of life and caregiver burden. However, relatively few studies have investigated the neural substrates of cognitive changes in CBS, and reliable predictors of cognitive impairment are currently lacking. The nucleus basalis of Meynert (NbM), which serves as the primary source of cortical cholinergic innervation, has been functionally associated with cognition. This study aimed to explore whether patients with CBS exhibit reduced NbM volumes compared with healthy control participants and whether NbM degeneration can serve as a predictor of cognitive impairment in patients with CBS. METHODS In this study, we investigated in vivo volumetric changes of the NbM in 38 patients with CBS and 84 healthy control participants. Next, we assessed whether gray matter degeneration of the NbM evaluated at baseline could predict cognitive impairment during a 12-month follow-up period in patients with CBS. All volumetric analyses were performed using 3T T1-weighted images obtained from the 4-Repeat Tauopathy Neuroimaging Initiative. RESULTS Patients with CBS displayed significantly lower NbM volumes than control participants (p < .001). Structural damage of the NbM also predicted the development of cognitive impairment in patients with CBS as assessed by longitudinal measurements of the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (p < .001) and Mini-Mental State Examination (p = .035). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that NbM atrophy may represent a promising noninvasive in vivo marker of cognitive decline in CBS and provide new insights into the neural mechanisms that underlie cognitive impairment in CBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Urso
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico, Tricase, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Salvatore Nigro
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico, Tricase, Italy; Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council, Lecce, Italy
| | - Benedetta Tafuri
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico, Tricase, Italy; Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neurosciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto De Blasi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Pia Fondazione di Culto e Religione Card. G. Panico, Tricase, Italy
| | - Joana B Pereira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neuro Division, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico, Tricase, Italy; Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neurosciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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Lin CV, Thomas CAD, Huynh TL, Wei DT, Young JN, Aivazian AS, McInnes A, Xu J, Cook SE, Vazquez J, Maselli RA. Adeno-Associated Virus Type 9-Mediated Gene Therapy of Choline Acetyltransferase-Deficient Mice. Hum Gene Ther 2024; 35:123-131. [PMID: 38299967 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) synthesizes acetylcholine from acetyl-CoA and choline at the neuromuscular junction and at the nerve terminals of cholinergic neurons. Mutations in the ChAT gene (CHAT) result in a presynaptic congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) that often associates with life-threatening episodes of apnea. Knockout mice for Chat (Chat-/-) die at birth. To circumvent the lethality of this model, we crossed mutant mice possessing loxP sites flanking Chat exons 4 and 5 with mice that expressed Cre-ERT2. Injection of tamoxifen (Tx) at postnatal (P) day 11 in these mice induced downregulation of Chat, autonomic failure, weakness, and death. However, a proportion of Chatflox/flox-Cre-ERT2 mice receiving at birth an intracerebroventricular injection of 2 × 1013 vg/kg adeno-associated virus type 9 (AAV9) carrying human CHAT (AAV9-CHAT) survived a subsequent Tx injection and lived to adulthood without showing signs of weakness. Likewise, injection of AA9-CHAT by intracisternal injection at P28 after the onset of weakness also resulted in survival to adulthood. The expression of Chat in spinal motor neurons of Chatflox/flox-Cre-ERT2 mice injected with Tx was markedly reduced, but AAV-injected mice showed a robust recovery of ChAT expression, which was mainly translated by the human CHAT RNA. The biodistribution of the viral genome was widespread but maximal in the spinal cord and brain of AAV-injected mice. No significant histopathological changes were observed in the brain, liver, and heart of AAV-injected mice after 1 year follow-up. Thus, AAV9-mediated gene therapy may provide an effective and safe treatment for patients severely affected with CHAT-CMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron V Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Clementine A D Thomas
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Thanh L Huynh
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - David T Wei
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jaime N Young
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Anahid S Aivazian
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Abigail McInnes
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jixiang Xu
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Sarah E Cook
- Anatomic Pathology, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jessica Vazquez
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Ricardo A Maselli
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
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Sun W, Chen Y, Yang Y, Wang P, Gong J, Han X, Xu C, Luan H, Li S, Li R, Wen B, Lv S, Wei C. Characteristics and Transcriptomic Analysis of Cholinergic Neurons Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with APP Mutation in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 101:637-649. [PMID: 39213067 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Background The cholinergic hypothesis is one of the main theories that describe the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cholinergic neurons degenerate early and are severely damaged in AD. Despite extensive research, the causes of cholinergic neuron damage and the underlying molecular changes remain unclear. Objective This study aimed to explore the characteristics and transcriptomic changes in cholinergic neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with APP mutation. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with AD and healthy individuals were reprogrammed into iPSCs. The iPSCs were differentiated into cholinergic neurons. Cholinergic neurons were stained, neurotoxically tested, and electrophysiologically and transcriptomically analyzed. Results The iPSCs-derived cholinergic neurons from a patient with AD carrying a mutation in APP displayed enhanced susceptibility to Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity, characterized by severe neurotoxic effects, such as cell body coagulation and neurite fragmentation. Cholinergic neurons exhibited electrophysiological impairments and neuronal death after 21 days of culture in the AD group. Transcriptome analysis disclosed 883 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 420 upregulated and 463 downregulated) participating in several signaling pathways implicated in AD pathogenesis. To assess the reliability of RNA sequencing, the expression of 16 target DEGs was validated using qPCR. Finally, the expression of the 8 core genes in different cell types of brain was analyzed by the AlzData database. Conclusions In this study, iPSCs-derived cholinergic neurons from AD patients with APP mutations exhibit characteristics reminiscent of neurodegenerative disease. Transcriptome analysis revealed the corresponding DEGs and pathways, providing potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for advancing AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Sun
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Pin Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Gong
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Heya Luan
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqi Li
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ruina Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Boye Wen
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Sirong Lv
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Cuibai Wei
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
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18
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Syed RA, Hayat M, Qaiser H, Uzair M, Al-Regaiey K, Khallaf R, Kaleem I, Bashir S. Aging-Related Protein Alterations in the Brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S5-S22. [PMID: 38339930 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Aging is an intrinsic aspect of an organism's life cycle and is characterized by progressive physiological decline and increased susceptibility to mortality. Many age-associated disorders, including neurological disorders, are most commonly linked with the aging process, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of aging and AD on the molecular pathways and levels of different proteins in the brain, including metalloproteins, neurotrophic factors, amyloid proteins, and tau proteins. AD is caused by the aggregation of amyloid proteins in the brain. Factors such as metal ions, protein ligands, and the oligomerization state of amyloid precursor protein significantly influence the proteolytic processing of amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP). Tau, a disordered cytosolic protein, serves as the principal microtubule-associated protein in mature neurons. AD patients exhibit decreased levels of nerve growth factor within their nervous systems and cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, a significant increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor resulting from the neuroprotective effect of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor suggests that the synergistic action of these proteins plays a role in inhibiting neuronal degeneration and atrophy. The mechanism through which Aβ and AβPP govern Cu2+ transport and their influence on Cu2+ and other metal ion pools requires elucidation in future studies. A comprehensive understanding of the influence of aging and AD on molecular pathways and varying protein levels may hold the potential for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafay Ali Syed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Hayat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Qaiser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Uzair
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Al-Regaiey
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roaa Khallaf
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imdad Kaleem
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Xia Y, Maruff P, Doré V, Bourgeat P, Laws SM, Fowler C, Rainey-Smith SR, Martins RN, Villemagne VL, Rowe CC, Masters CL, Coulson EJ, Fripp J. Longitudinal trajectories of basal forebrain volume in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 132:120-130. [PMID: 37801885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the cholinergic basal forebrain (BF) system and amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition are early pathological features in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, their association in early AD is not well-established. This study investigated the nature and magnitude of volume loss in the BF, over an extended period, in 516 older adults who completed Aβ-PET and serial magnetic resonance imaging scans. Individuals were grouped at baseline according to the presence of cognitive impairment (CU, CI) and Aβ status (Aβ-, Aβ+). Longitudinal volumetric changes in the BF and hippocampus were assessed across groups. The results indicated that high Aβ levels correlated with faster volume loss in the BF and hippocampus, and the effect of Aβ varied within BF subregions. Compared to CU Aβ+ individuals, Aβ-related loss among CI Aβ+ adults was much greater in the predominantly cholinergic subregion of Ch4p, whereas no difference was observed for the Ch1/Ch2 region. The findings support early and substantial vulnerability of the BF and further reveal distinctive degeneration of BF subregions during early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xia
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Paul Maruff
- Cogstate Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincent Doré
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pierrick Bourgeat
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher Fowler
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Coulson
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jurgen Fripp
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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20
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Mimura Y, Tobari Y, Nakahara K, Nakajima S, Yoshida K, Mimura M, Noda Y. Transcranial magnetic stimulation neurophysiology in patients with non-Alzheimer's neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105451. [PMID: 37926239 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-Alzheimer's dementia (NAD) accounts for 30% of all neurodegenerative conditions and is characterized by cognitive decline beyond mere memory dysfunction. Diagnosing NAD remains challenging due to the lack of established biomarkers. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive neurophysiological tool that enables the investigation of cortical excitability in the human brain. Paired-pulse TMS paradigms include short- and long-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI/LICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), and short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI), which can assess neurophysiological functions of GABAergic, glutamatergic, and cholinergic neural circuits, respectively. We conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis to compare these TMS indices among patients with NAD and healthy controls. Our meta-analyses indicated that TMS neurophysiological examinations revealed decreased glutamatergic function in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and decreased GABAergic function in patients with FTD, progressive supranuclear palsy, Huntington's disease, cortico-basal syndrome, and multiple system atrophy-parkinsonian type. In addition, decreased cholinergic function was found in dementia with Lewy body and vascular dementia. These results suggest the potential of TMS as an additional diagnostic tool to differentiate NAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Tobari
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuho Nakahara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazunari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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21
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Mieling M, Meier H, Bunzeck N. Structural degeneration of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease - Evidence from an MRI-based meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 154:105393. [PMID: 37717861 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggest that neuropathological changes of the medial temporal lobe, especially entorhinal cortex, are preceded by degenerations of the cholinergic Nucleus basalis of Meynert (NbM). Evidence from imaging studies in humans, however, is limited. Therefore, we performed an activation-likelihood estimation meta-analysis on whole brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) MRI data from 54 experiments and 2581 subjects in total. It revealed, compared to healthy older controls, reduced gray matter in the bilateral NbM in AD, but only limited evidence for such an effect in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which typically precedes AD. Both patient groups showed less gray matter in the amygdala and hippocampus, with hints towards more pronounced amygdala effects in AD. We discuss our findings in the context of studies that highlight the importance of the cholinergic basal forebrain in learning and memory throughout the lifespan, and conclude that they are partly compatible with pathological staging models suggesting initial and pronounced structural degenerations within the NbM in the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Mieling
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hannah Meier
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nico Bunzeck
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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22
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Lin FV, Heffner KL. Autonomic nervous system flexibility for understanding brain aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102016. [PMID: 37459967 PMCID: PMC10530154 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
A recent call was made for autonomic nervous system (ANS) measures as digital health markers for early detection of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (AD/ADRD). Nevertheless, contradictory or inconclusive findings exist. To help advance understanding of ANS' role in dementia, we draw upon aging and dementia-related literature, and propose a framework that centers on the role of ANS flexibility to guide future work on application of ANS function to differentiating the degree and type of dementia-related brain pathologies. We first provide a brief review of literature within the past 10 years on ANS and dementia-related brain pathologies. Next, we present an ANS flexibility model, describing how the model can be applied to understand these brain pathologies, as well as differentiate or even be leveraged to modify typical brain aging and dementia. Lastly, we briefly discuss the implication of the model for understanding resilience and vulnerability to dementia-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng V Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, USA.
| | - Kathi L Heffner
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, USA
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23
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Yang A, Li G. Nucleus basalis of Meynert predicts cognitive changes in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep Med 2023; 109:11-17. [PMID: 37393717 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degeneration of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) has been implicated in cognitive impairments in Parkinson's disease. The role of the NBM volumes in the cognitive function in isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) has not been explored. METHOD We investigated changes in NBM volumes and their associations with cognitive deficits in iRBD. Baseline NBM volumes were compared between 29 iRBD patients and 29 healthy controls by using structural MRI data from the Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative database. Partial correlation analyses were used to evaluate cross-sectional relationships between baseline NBM volumes and cognitive performance in iRBD. Linear mixed models were applied to assess between-group differences in longitudinal cognitive changes, and whether baseline NBM volumes could predict longitudinal changes of cognition in iRBD. RESULTS Compared with controls, NBM volumes were significantly reduced in iRBD patients. In patients with iRBD, higher NBM volumes were significantly associated with greater performance in global cognition function. In the longitudinal analyses, iRBD patients showed more severe and rapid decline on tests of global cognition compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, greater baseline NBM volumes were significantly associated with greater follow-up Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, thus predicting less longitudinal cognitive changes in iRBD. CONCLUSION This study provides important in vivo evidence for an association between the NBM degeneration and cognitive impairments in iRBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amei Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guanglu Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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24
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Berry AS, Harrison TM. New perspectives on the basal forebrain cholinergic system in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105192. [PMID: 37086935 PMCID: PMC10249144 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) has long been implicated in age-related cognitive changes and the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Limitations of cholinergic interventions helped to inspire a shift away from BFCS in AD research. A resurgence in interest in the BFCS following methodological and analytical advances has resulted in a call for the BFCS to be examined in novel frameworks. We outline the basic structure and function of the BFCS, its role in supporting cognitive and affective function, and its vulnerability to aging and AD. We consider the BFCS in the context of the amyloid hypothesis and evolving concepts in AD research: resilience and resistance to pathology, selective neuronal vulnerability, trans-synaptic pathology spread and sleep health. We highlight 1) the potential role of the BFCS in cognitive resilience, 2) recent work refining understanding about the selective vulnerability of BFCS to AD, 3) BFCS connectivity that suggests it is related to tau spreading and neurodegeneration and 4) the gap between BFCS involvement in AD and sleep-wake cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresa M Harrison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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25
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Zhao B, Li T, Fan Z, Yang Y, Shu J, Yang X, Wang X, Luo T, Tang J, Xiong D, Wu Z, Li B, Chen J, Shan Y, Tomlinson C, Zhu Z, Li Y, Stein JL, Zhu H. Heart-brain connections: Phenotypic and genetic insights from magnetic resonance images. Science 2023; 380:abn6598. [PMID: 37262162 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn6598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular health interacts with cognitive and mental health in complex ways, yet little is known about the phenotypic and genetic links of heart-brain systems. We quantified heart-brain connections using multiorgan magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from more than 40,000 subjects. Heart MRI traits displayed numerous association patterns with brain gray matter morphometry, white matter microstructure, and functional networks. We identified 80 associated genomic loci (P < 6.09 × 10-10) for heart MRI traits, which shared genetic influences with cardiovascular and brain diseases. Genetic correlations were observed between heart MRI traits and brain-related traits and disorders. Mendelian randomization suggests that heart conditions may causally contribute to brain disorders. Our results advance a multiorgan perspective on human health by revealing heart-brain connections and shared genetic influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Zhao
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zirui Fan
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Juan Shu
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xiaochen Yang
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tianyou Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jiarui Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Di Xiong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhenyi Wu
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Bingxuan Li
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yue Shan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chalmer Tomlinson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ziliang Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jason L Stein
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hongtu Zhu
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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26
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Baracaldo-Santamaría D, Avendaño-Lopez SS, Ariza-Salamanca DF, Rodriguez-Giraldo M, Calderon-Ospina CA, González-Reyes RE, Nava-Mesa MO. Role of Calcium Modulation in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109067. [PMID: 37240413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease and the most frequent cause of progressive dementia in senior adults. It is characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment secondary to cholinergic dysfunction and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated neurotoxicity. Intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, extracellular plaques composed of amyloid-β (Aβ), and selective neurodegeneration are the anatomopathological hallmarks of this disease. The dysregulation of calcium may be present in all the stages of AD, and it is associated with other pathophysiological mechanisms, such as mitochondrial failure, oxidative stress, and chronic neuroinflammation. Although the cytosolic calcium alterations in AD are not completely elucidated, some calcium-permeable channels, transporters, pumps, and receptors have been shown to be involved at the neuronal and glial levels. In particular, the relationship between glutamatergic NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activity and amyloidosis has been widely documented. Other pathophysiological mechanisms involved in calcium dyshomeostasis include the activation of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels, transient receptor potential channels, and ryanodine receptors, among many others. This review aims to update the calcium-dysregulation mechanisms in AD and discuss targets and molecules with therapeutic potential based on their modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Baracaldo-Santamaría
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Sara Sofia Avendaño-Lopez
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Daniel Felipe Ariza-Salamanca
- Medical and Health Sciences Education Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Mateo Rodriguez-Giraldo
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Centro de Neurociencias Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Calderon-Ospina
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas Aplicadas (UR Biomed), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo E González-Reyes
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Centro de Neurociencias Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Mauricio O Nava-Mesa
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Centro de Neurociencias Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
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27
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Teipel S, Grothe MJ. MRI-based basal forebrain atrophy and volumetric signatures associated with limbic TDP-43 compared to Alzheimer's disease pathology. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 180:106070. [PMID: 36898615 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not clear to which degree limbic TDP-43 pathology associates with a cholinergic deficit in the absence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. OBJECTIVE Replicate and extend recent evidence on cholinergic basal forebrain atrophy in limbic TDP-43 and evaluate MRI based patterns of atrophy as a surrogate marker for TDP-43. METHODS We studied ante-mortem MRI data of 11 autopsy cases with limbic TDP-43 pathology, 47 cases with AD pathology, and 26 mixed AD/TDP-43 cases from the ADNI autopsy sample, and 17 TDP-43, 170 AD, and 58 mixed AD/TDP-43 cases from the NACC autopsy sample. Group differences in basal forebrain and other brain volumes of interest were assessed using Bayesian ANCOVA. We assessed the diagnostic utility of MRI based patterns of brain atrophy using voxel-based receiver operating characteristics and random forest analyses. RESULTS In the NACC sample, we found moderate evidence for the absence of a difference in basal forebrain volumes between AD, TDP-43, and mixed pathologies (Bayes factor(BF)10 = 0.324), and very strong evidence for lower hippocampus volume in TDP-43 and mixed cases compared with AD cases (BF10 = 156.1). The ratio of temporal to hippocampus volume reached an AUC of 75% for separating pure TDP-43 from pure AD cases. Random-forest analysis between TDP-43, AD, and mixed pathology reached only a multiclass AUC of 0.63 based on hippocampus, middle-inferior temporal gyrus, and amygdala volumes. Findings in the ADNI sample were consistent with these results. CONCLUSION A comparable degree of basal forebrain atrophy in pure TDP-43 cases compared to AD cases encourages studies on the effect of cholinergic treatment in amnestic dementia due to TDP-43. A distinct pattern of temporo-limbic brain atrophy may serve as a surrogate marker to enrich samples in clinical trials for the presence of TDP-43 pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Teipel
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Michel J Grothe
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Ananth MR, Rajebhosale P, Kim R, Talmage DA, Role LW. Basal forebrain cholinergic signalling: development, connectivity and roles in cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:233-251. [PMID: 36823458 PMCID: PMC10439770 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine plays an essential role in fundamental aspects of cognition. Studies that have mapped the activity and functional connectivity of cholinergic neurons have shown that the axons of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons innervate the pallium with far more topographical and functional organization than was historically appreciated. Together with the results of studies using new probes that allow release of acetylcholine to be detected with high spatial and temporal resolution, these findings have implicated cholinergic networks in 'binding' diverse behaviours that contribute to cognition. Here, we review recent findings on the developmental origins, connectivity and function of cholinergic neurons, and explore the participation of cholinergic signalling in the encoding of cognition-related behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala R Ananth
- Section on Circuits, Synapses, and Molecular Signalling, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Prithviraj Rajebhosale
- Section on Genetics of Neuronal Signalling, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald Kim
- Section on Genetics of Neuronal Signalling, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David A Talmage
- Section on Genetics of Neuronal Signalling, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lorna W Role
- Section on Circuits, Synapses, and Molecular Signalling, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Chavushyan VA, Simonyan KV, Danielyan MH, Avetisyan LG, Darbinyan LV, Isoyan AS, Lorikyan AG, Hovhannisyan LE, Babakhanyan MA, Sukiasyan LM. Pathology and prevention of brain microvascular and neuronal dysfunction induced by a high-fructose diet in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:269-286. [PMID: 36271967 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A high-fructose diet causes metabolic abnormalities in rats, and the cluster of complications points to microvascular and neuronal disorders of the brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate i) the involvement of microvascular disorders and neuronal plasticity in the deleterious effects of a high-fructose diet on the rat brain and ii) a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of Phytocollection therapy (with antidiabetic, antioxidant, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities) compared to Galantamine as first-line therapy for dementia and Diabeton as first-line therapy for hyperglycemia. The calcium adenosine triphosphate non-injection histoangiological method was used to assess capillary network diameter and density. A high-fructose diet resulted in a significant decrease in the diameter and density of the capillary bed, and pharmacological manipulations had a modulatory effect on microcirculatory adaptive mechanisms. In vivo single-unit extracellular recording was used to investigate short-term plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex. Differences in the parameters of spike background activity and expression of excitatory and inhibitory responses of cortical neurons have been discovered, allowing for flexibility and neuronal function stabilization in pathology and pharmacological prevention. Integration of the coupling mechanism between microvascular function and neuronal spike activity could delay the progressive decline in cognitive function in rats fed a high fructose diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Chavushyan
- Neuroendocrine Relationships Lab, Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - K V Simonyan
- Neuroendocrine Relationships Lab, Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - M H Danielyan
- Histochemistry and Electron Microscopy Lab, Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - L G Avetisyan
- Neuroendocrine Relationships Lab, Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - L V Darbinyan
- Sensorimotor Integration Lab, Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - A S Isoyan
- Neuroendocrine Relationships Lab, Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - A G Lorikyan
- Neuroendocrine Relationships Lab, Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - L E Hovhannisyan
- G.S. Davtyan Institute of Hydroponics Problems NAS RA, 0082, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - M A Babakhanyan
- G.S. Davtyan Institute of Hydroponics Problems NAS RA, 0082, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - L M Sukiasyan
- Neuroendocrine Relationships Lab, Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
- Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
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30
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Proteomic Signature and mRNA Expression in Hippocampus of SAMP8 and SAMR1 Mice during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315097. [PMID: 36499421 PMCID: PMC9740614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process often accompanied by cognitive decline that represents a risk factor for many neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The molecular mechanisms involved in age-related cognitive decline are not yet fully understood, although increased neuroinflammation is considered to play a significant role. In this study, we characterized a proteomic view of the hippocampus of the senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8), a model of enhanced senescence, in comparison with the senescence-accelerated-resistant mouse (SAMR1), a model of normal aging. We additionally investigated inflammatory cytokines and cholinergic components gene expression during aging in the mouse brain tissues. Proteomic data defined the expression of key proteins involved in metabolic and cellular processes in neuronal and glial cells of the hippocampus. Gene Ontology revealed that most of the differentially expressed proteins are involved in the cytoskeleton and cell motility regulation. Molecular analysis results showed that both inflammatory cytokines and cholinergic components are differentially expressed during aging, with a downward trend of cholinergic receptors and esterase enzymes expression, in contrast to an upward trend of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus of SAMP8. Together, our results support the important role of the cholinergic and cytokine systems in the aging of the murine brain.
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31
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Ishioh M, Nozu T, Miyagishi S, Igarashi S, Funayama T, Ohhira M, Okumura T. Activation of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons improves colonic hyperpermeability through the vagus nerve and adenosine A2B receptors in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115331. [PMID: 36330948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction, a leaky gut, contributes to the pathophysiology of various diseases such as dementia and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We recently clarified that orexin, ghrelin, or adenosine A2B signaling in the brain improved leaky gut through the vagus nerve. The present study was performed to clarify whether basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) are implicated in the central regulation of intestinal barrier function. We activated BFCNs using benzyl quinolone carboxylic acid (BQCA), a positive muscarinic M1 allosteric modulator, and evaluated colonic permeability by quantifying the absorbed Evans blue in rat colonic tissue. Intracisternal (not intraperitoneal) injection of BQCA blocked the increased colonic permeability in response to lipopolysaccharide. Vagotomy blocked BQCA-induced improvement of colonic hyperpermeability. Intracisternally administered pirenzepine, a muscarinic M1 selective antagonist, prevented intestinal barrier function improvement by intravenously administered 2-deoxy-d-glucose, central vagal stimulant. Adenosine A2B receptor antagonist but not dopamine or opioid receptor antagonist prevented BQCA-induced blockade of colonic hyperpermeability. Additionally, intracisternal injection of pirenzepine blocked orexin- or butyrate-induced intestinal barrier function improvement. These results suggest that BFCNs improve leaky gut through adenosine A2B signaling and the vagal pathway. Furthermore, BFCNs mediate orexin- or butyrate-induced intestinal barrier function improvement. Since BFCNs play a role in cognitive function and a leaky gut is associated with dementia, the present finding may lead us to speculate that BFCNs are involved in the development of dementia by regulating intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatomo Ishioh
- Division of Metabolism, Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan; Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan.
| | - Tsukasa Nozu
- Department of Regional Medicine and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Saori Miyagishi
- Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Sho Igarashi
- Division of Metabolism, Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Takuya Funayama
- Division of Metabolism, Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Masumi Ohhira
- Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Division of Metabolism, Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan; Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan; Center for Medical Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
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32
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Dunlop SR, Ayala I, Spencer C, Flanagan ME, Mesulam MM, Gefen T, Geula C. Resistance of Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons to TDP-43 Proteinopathy in Primary Progressive Aphasia. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:910-919. [PMID: 36111818 PMCID: PMC9582786 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN) display accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and degeneration in Alzheimer disease and are targets of therapeutic intervention. This study determined vulnerability of BFCN to accumulation of TDP-43 in primary progressive aphasia with TDP-43 proteinopathy (PPA-TDP). Brains from 16 PPA participants with pathologically confirmed TDP-43 proteinopathy, with available paraffin-embedded sections (Group 1), or systematically sampled frozen sections (Group 2), were studied. Immunohistochemistry was performed with an antibody against phosphorylated TDP-43. BFCN were identified by their magnocellular appearance in Nissl preparations. Presence of TDP-43 inclusions and preinclusions in BFCN was determined and quantitative analysis was performed in Group 2. In Group 1, BFCN were completely free of inclusions except for occasional dystrophic neurites. Sparse TDP-43 preinclusions with smooth or granular staining in BFCN were detected. In Group 2, extremely rare TDP-43 intranuclear inclusions were detected in 0.1% of BFCN per section, along with occasional dystrophic neurites. Although sparse, significantly more preinclusions (1.4% of BFCN) were present when compared with inclusions. No hemispheric differences were noted. Small neurons near BFCN contained more preinclusions compared with BFCN. Thus, BFCN in PPA-TDP are resistant to TDP-43 proteinopathy and degeneration, suggesting that cholinergic therapy is unlikely to be effective in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rose Dunlop
- From the Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ivan Ayala
- From the Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Callen Spencer
- From the Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Margaret E Flanagan
- From the Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marek-Marsel Mesulam
- From the Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tamar Gefen
- From the Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Changiz Geula
- From the Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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33
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Okada K, Hashimoto K, Kobayashi K. Cholinergic regulation of object recognition memory. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:996089. [PMID: 36248033 PMCID: PMC9557046 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.996089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Object recognition memory refers to a basic memory mechanism to identify and recall various features of objects. This memory has been investigated by numerous studies in human, primates and rodents to elucidate the neuropsychological underpinnings in mammalian memory, as well as provide the diagnosis of dementia in some neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Since Alzheimer's disease at the early stage is reported to be accompanied with cholinergic cell loss and impairment in recognition memory, the central cholinergic system has been studied to investigate the neural mechanism underlying recognition memory. Previous studies have suggested an important role of cholinergic neurons in the acquisition of some variants of object recognition memory in rodents. Cholinergic neurons in the medial septum and ventral diagonal band of Broca that project mainly to the hippocampus and parahippocampal area are related to recognition memory for object location. Cholinergic projections from the nucleus basalis magnocellularis innervating the entire cortex are associated with recognition memory for object identification. Especially, the brain regions that receive cholinergic projections, such as the perirhinal cortex and prefrontal cortex, are involved in recognition memory for object-in-place memory and object recency. In addition, experimental studies using rodent models for Alzheimer's disease have reported that neurodegeneration within the central cholinergic system causes a deficit in object recognition memory. Elucidating how various types of object recognition memory are regulated by distinct cholinergic cell groups is necessary to clarify the neuronal mechanism for recognition memory and the development of therapeutic treatments for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Okada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kouichi Hashimoto
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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34
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Singh V, Kaur K, Kaur S, Shri R, Singh TG, Singh M. Trimethoxyflavones from Ocimum basilicum L. leaves improve long term memory in mice by modulating multiple pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 295:115438. [PMID: 35671863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditionally, Ocimum basilicum L. leaves (OB) are recommended for various brain disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY Scientific evidence highlights the cognition improvement capacity of Ocimum basilicum L. leave extract (OBE), however, the compound(s) responsible for this effect and the associated mechanism was not reported. The present study was, thus, designed to isolate and identify the compound responsible for memory improvement effects of OB and to delineate the associated mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS In-vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory (Ellman method) and antioxidant (DPPH scavenging) assays guided fractionation was employed to isolate the bioactive compounds from OBE. The isolated compounds were characterised using spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, NMR and MS). In-silico and in-vivo [mouse model of scopolamine (SCOP) induced amnesia] investigations were used to substantiate the memory improvement effects of isolated compounds and to understand their mechanism of action. RESULTS AChE and DPPH assays guided fractionation of OBE lead to isolation of two pure compounds namely, 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxyflavone (S1) and 3-hydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxyflavone (S2). Both S1 and S2 mitigated the cognitive impairment due to SCOP in mice by reducing brain AChE activity, TBARS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and caspase-3 concentrations and elevating reduced glutathione and IL-10 levels; together with amelioration of brain hippocampus histopathological aberration (H and E staining). Moreover, the molecular docking of S1 and S2 at the active pockets of AChE and caspase-3 has shown good interactions with vital amino acid residues. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that trimethoxy flavones are responsible for the memory improvement effect of OBE due to their anticholinergic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. These maybe developed as valuable alternatives for management of cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Kiranpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Sanimardeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | | | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
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35
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Luo W, Pryzbyl KJ, Bigio EH, Weintraub S, Mesulam MM, Redei EE. Reduced Hippocampal and Anterior Cingulate Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes and Membrane Progesterone Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease with Depression. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:309-321. [PMID: 35871353 PMCID: PMC10041688 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a risk factor for dementia including that caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both MDD and AD have a higher prevalence in women than men, and estrogen-related processes have been implicated in this sex difference. OBJECTIVE To identify if enhanced oxidative stress and decreased expression of the memory enhancer insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), each implicated separately in MDD and AD, are exaggerated in individuals with both AD and MDD compared to those with AD. METHODS Expression of target genes are determined by qPCR in postmortem hippocampus (Hip) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of individuals with dementia and autopsy confirmed AD and those of AD+MDD. RESULTS Transcript levels of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), as well as IGF2 and its receptor (IGF2R) were significantly lower in the Hip and ACC of individuals with both AD and MDD compared to those with AD and no MDD. Expressions of Progestin and AdipoQ Receptor Family Member 7 (PAQR7, alias progesterone receptor alpha, mPRa) and PAQR8 (mPRβ), receptors that bind neurosteroids, were also lower in the Hip and ACC of AD+MDD samples compared to those of AD without MDD. Correlations among these transcripts revealed that estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) and mPR β are direct or indirect regulators of the expression of the antioxidant enzymes and IGF2R. CONCLUSION Reduced levels of antioxidant enzymes, decreased IGF2 expression, and diminished estrogen or membrane progesterone receptor-dependent processes might be more pronounced in the subpopulation of individuals with AD and MDD than without MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Luo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine J Pryzbyl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M-Marsel Mesulam
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eva E Redei
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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36
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Llorente-Ovejero A, Bengoetxea de Tena I, Martínez-Gardeazabal J, Moreno-Rodríguez M, Lombardero L, Manuel I, Rodríguez-Puertas R. Cannabinoid Receptors and Glial Response Following a Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Lesion. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:791-802. [PMID: 36110372 PMCID: PMC9469185 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system modulates learning, memory, and neuroinflammatory processes, playing a key role in neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous results in a rat lesion model of AD showed modulation of endocannabinoid receptor activity in the basalo-cortical pathway following a specific lesion of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs), indicating that the glial neuroinflammatory response accompanying the lesion is related to endocannabinoid signaling. In this study, 7 days after the lesion, decreased astrocyte and increased microglia immunoreactivities (GFAP and Iba-1) were observed, indicating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Using autoradiographic studies, the density and functional coupling to G-proteins of endocannabinoid receptor subtypes were studied in tissue sections from different brain areas where microglia density increased, using CB1 and CB2 selective agonists and antagonists. In the presence of the specific CB1 receptor antagonist, SR141716A, [3H]CP55,940 binding (receptor density) was completely blocked in a dose-dependent manner, while the selective CB2 receptor antagonist, SR144528, inhibited binding to 25%, at best. [35S]GTPγS autoradiography (receptor coupling to Gi/0-proteins) evoked by CP55,940 (CB1/CB2 agonist) and HU308 (more selective for CB2) was abolished by SR141716A in all areas, while SR144528 blocked up to 51.8% of the coupling to Gi/0-proteins evoked by CP55,940 restricted to the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. Together, these results demonstrate that there are increased microglia and decreased astrocyte immunoreactivities 1 week after a specific deletion of BFCNs, which projects to cortical areas, where the CB1 receptor coupling to Gi/0-proteins is upregulated. However, at the lesion site, the area with the highest neuroinflammatory response, there is also a limited contribution of CB2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonatan Martínez-Gardeazabal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain
| | - Marta Moreno-Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Laura Lombardero
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Iván Manuel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez-Puertas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain
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Orciani C, Hall H, Pentz R, Foret MK, Do Carmo S, Cuello AC. Long-term nucleus basalis cholinergic depletion induces attentional deficits and impacts cortical neurons and BDNF levels without affecting the NGF synthesis. J Neurochem 2022; 163:149-167. [PMID: 35921478 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) represent the main source of cholinergic innervation to the cortex and hippocampus and degenerate early in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Phenotypic maintenance of BFCNs depends on levels of mature nerve growth factor (mNGF) and mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF), produced by target neurons and retrogradely transported to the cell body. Whether a reciprocal interaction where BFCN inputs impact neurotrophin availability and affect cortical neuronal markers is unknown. To address our hypothesis, we immunolesioned the nucleus basalis (nb), a basal forebrain cholinergic nuclei projecting mainly to the cortex, by bilateral stereotaxic injection of 192-IgG-Saporin (the cytotoxin Saporin binds p75ntr receptors expressed exclusively by BFCNs) in 2.5-month-old Wistar rats. At six months post-lesion, Saporin-injected rats (SAP) showed an impairment in a modified version of the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (5-choice task). Post-mortem analyses of the brain revealed a reduction of Choline Acetyltransferase-immunoreactive neurons compared to wild-type controls. A diminished number of cortical vesicular acetylcholine transporter-immunoreactive boutons was accompanied by a reduction in BDNF mRNA, mBDNF protein levels, markers of glutamatergic (vGluT1) and GABAergic (GAD65) neurons in the SAP-group compared to the controls. NGF mRNA, NGF precursor and mNGF protein levels were not affected. Additionally, cholinergic markers correlated with the attentional deficit and BDNF levels. Our findings demonstrate that while cholinergic nb loss impairs cognition and reduces cortical neuron markers, it produces differential effects on neurotrophin availability, affecting BDNF but not NGF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Orciani
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Helene Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rowan Pentz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Morgan K Foret
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, US (Visiting Professor)
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38
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Maxwell SP, Cash MK, Darvesh S. Neuropathology and cholinesterase expression in the brains of octogenarians and older. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 364:110065. [PMID: 35872043 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A subset of octogenarians and older maintain normal cognitive function (CNOO) despite high prevalence and incidence of cognitive decline attributed to neurodegeneration or aging in the population. The rostral prefrontal cortex (rPFC) and hippocampal formation are brain regions integral to cognition, namely attention and memory, facilitated in part by cholinergic innervation. We hypothesized that preserved cholinergic neurotransmission in these regions contributes to intact cognition in the CNOO. To test this, we evaluated the burden of neuropathological and cholinesterase-associated protein aggregates in the rPFC and hippocampal formation. Tissues from age- and sex-matched CNOO and Alzheimer's disease (AD) rPFC and hippocampal formation were stained for β-amyloid (Aβ), tau, α-synuclein, phosphorylated TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (pTDP-43), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The relative abundance of neuropathological aggregates was semi-quantitatively scored. Deposition of Aβ plaques, tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and pTDP-43 inclusions were comparable between CNOO and AD cases. Intraneuronal Aβ and tau-positive thorny astrocytes consistent with aging-related tau astrogliopathy, were also noted in the rPFC. Abundance of BChE-positive plaque pathology was significantly higher in AD than in CNOO cases in most regions of interest, followed closely by abundance of AChE-positive plaque pathology. BChE- and AChE-activities were also associated with varied NFT morphologies. CNOO cases maintained cognition despite a high neuropathological burden in the rPFC and hippocampal formation. BChE-positive and, to a lesser extent, AChE-positive pathologies were significantly lower in most regions in the CNOO compared to AD. This suggests a specificity of cholinesterase-associated neuropathology with AD. We conclude that while CNOO have cholinesterase-associated neuropathology in the rPFC and hippocampal formation, abundance in this population is significantly lower compared to AD which may contribute to their intact cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena P Maxwell
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Meghan K Cash
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sultan Darvesh
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Medicine (Neurology & Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Physics, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Imam A, Bhagwandin A, Ajao MS, Manger PR. The brain of the tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis). VIII. The subpallial telencephalon. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2611-2644. [PMID: 35708120 PMCID: PMC9543335 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The current study provides a detailed architectural analysis of the subpallial telencephalon of the tree pangolin. In the tree pangolin, the subpallial telencephalon was divided into septal and striatopallidal regions. The septal region contained the septal nuclear complex, diagonal band of Broca, and the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis. The striatopallidal region comprised of the dorsal (caudate, putamen, internal and external globus pallidus) and ventral (nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, ventral pallidum, nucleus basalis, basal part of the substantia innominata, lateral stripe of the striatum, navicular nucleus, and the major island of Calleja) striatopallidal complexes. In the tree pangolin, the organization and numbers of nuclei forming these regions and complexes, their topographical relationships to each other, and the cyto‐, myelo‐, and chemoarchitecture, were found to be very similar to that observed in commonly studied mammals. Minor variations, such as less nuclear parcellation in the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, may represent species‐specific variations, or may be the result of the limited range of stains used. Given the overall similarity across mammalian species, it appears that the subpallial telencephalon of the mammalian brain is highly conserved in terms of evolutionary changes detectable with the methods used. It is also likely that the functions associated with these nuclei in other mammals can be translated directly to the tree pangolin, albeit with the understanding that the stimuli that produce activity within these regions may be specific to the life history requirements of the tree pangolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminu Imam
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Adhil Bhagwandin
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Moyosore S Ajao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Paul R Manger
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
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Shenoy A, Banerjee M, Upadhya A, Bagwe-Parab S, Kaur G. The Brilliance of the Zebrafish Model: Perception on Behavior and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:861155. [PMID: 35769627 PMCID: PMC9234549 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.861155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become increasingly prevalent in the elderly population across the world. It's pathophysiological markers such as overproduction along with the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are posing a serious challenge to novel drug development processes. A model which simulates the human neurodegenerative mechanism will be beneficial for rapid screening of potential drug candidates. Due to the comparable neurological network with humans, zebrafish has emerged as a promising AD model. This model has been thoroughly validated through research in aspects of neuronal pathways analogous to the human brain. The cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic pathways, which play a role in the manifested behavior of the zebrafish, are well defined. There are several behavioral models in both adult zebrafish and larvae to establish various aspects of cognitive impairment including spatial memory, associative memory, anxiety, and other such features that are manifested in AD. The zebrafish model eliminates the shortcomings of previously recognized mammalian models, in terms of expense, extensive assessment durations, and the complexity of imaging the brain to test the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. This review highlights the various models that analyze the changes in the normal behavioral patterns of the zebrafish when exposed to AD inducing agents. The mechanistic pathway adopted by drugs and novel therapeutic strategies can be explored via these behavioral models and their efficacy to slow the progression of AD can be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
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41
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Lawrence AJ, Prado MA. Editorial: Exciting developments in neurochemistry research and publishing. J Neurochem 2022; 162:151-155. [PMID: 35524403 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this editorial, we are happy to connect with our community to explain the changes introduced to the Journal of Neurochemistry over the last year and provide some insights into new developments and exciting opportunities. We anticipate these developments, which are strongly guided to increase transparency and support early career researchers, will increase the value of the Journal of Neurochemistry for the authors and readers. Ultimately, we hope to improve the author experience with the Journal of Neurochemistry and continue to be the leading venue for fast dissemination of exciting new research focusing on how molecules, cells and circuits regulate the nervous system in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Lawrence
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marco A Prado
- University of Western Ontario, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Dwomoh L, Tejeda G, Tobin A. Targeting the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in Alzheimer's disease. Neuronal Signal 2022; 6:NS20210004. [PMID: 35571495 PMCID: PMC9069568 DOI: 10.1042/ns20210004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and despite extensive research, only a few drugs are available for management of the disease. One strategy has been to up-regulate cholinergic neurotransmission to improve cognitive function, but this approach has dose-limiting adverse effects. To avoid these adverse effects, new drugs that target specific receptor subtypes of the cholinergic system are needed, and the M1 subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1-mAChR) has been shown to be a good target for this approach. By using several strategies, M1-mAChR ligands have been developed and trialled in preclinical animal models and in human studies, with varying degrees of success. This article reviews the different approaches to targeting the M1-mAChR in AD and discusses the advantages and limitations of these strategies. The factors to consider in targeting the M1-mAChR in AD are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Dwomoh
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gonzalo S. Tejeda
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew B. Tobin
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Letsinger AC, Gu Z, Yakel JL. α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the hippocampal circuit: taming complexity. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:145-157. [PMID: 34916082 PMCID: PMC8914277 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic innervation of the hippocampus uses the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to coordinate neuronal circuit activity while simultaneously influencing the function of non-neuronal cell types. The α7 nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) subtype is highly expressed throughout the hippocampus, has the highest calcium permeability compared with other subtypes of nAChRs, and is of high therapeutic interest due to its association with a variety of neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we synthesize research describing α7 nAChR properties, function, and relationship to cognitive dysfunction within the hippocampal circuit and highlight approaches to help improve therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayland C. Letsinger
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Mail Drop F2-08, P.O. Box 12233, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Zhenglin Gu
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Mail Drop F2-08, P.O. Box 12233, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jerrel L. Yakel
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Mail Drop F2-08, P.O. Box 12233, Durham, NC, 27709, USA,Corresponding Author,
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Lin CP, Frigerio I, Boon BDC, Zhou Z, Rozemuller AJM, Bouwman FH, Schoonheim MM, van de Berg WDJ, Jonkman LE. OUP accepted manuscript. Brain 2022; 145:2869-2881. [PMID: 35259207 PMCID: PMC9420016 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease, specifically amnestic (memory dominant) deficits, are associated with cholinergic degeneration in the basal forebrain. The cholinergic nucleus within the basal forebrain, the nucleus basalis of Meynert, exhibits local atrophy and reduced cortical tract integrity on MRI, and reveals amyloid-β and phosphorylated-tau pathology at autopsy. To understand the pathophysiology of nucleus basalis of Meynert atrophy and its neocortical projections in Alzheimer’s disease, we used a combined post-mortem in situ MRI and histopathology approach. A total of 19 Alzheimer’s disease (10 amnestic and nine non-amnestic) and nine non-neurological control donors underwent 3 T T1-weighted MRI for anatomical delineation and volume assessment of the nucleus basalis of Meynert, and diffusion-weighted imaging for microstructural assessment of the nucleus and its projections. At subsequent brain autopsy, tissue dissection and immunohistochemistry were performed for amyloid-β, phosphorylated-tau and choline acetyltransferase. Compared to controls, we observed an MRI-derived volume reduction and altered microstructural integrity of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer’s disease donors. Furthermore, decreased cholinergic cell density was associated with reduced integrity of the nucleus and its tracts to the temporal lobe, specifically to the temporal pole of the superior temporal gyrus, and the parahippocampal gyrus. Exploratory post hoc subgroup analyses indicated that cholinergic cell density could be associated with cortical tract alterations in amnestic Alzheimer’s disease donors only. Our study illustrates that in Alzheimer’s disease, cholinergic degeneration in the nucleus basalis of Meynert may contribute to damaged cortical projections, specifically to the temporal lobe, leading to cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Pei Lin
- Correspondence to: Chen-Pei Lin De Boelelaan 1117 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands E-mail:
| | - Irene Frigerio
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Baayla D C Boon
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Alzheimer centrum Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zihan Zhou
- Zhejiang University, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang, China
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke H Bouwman
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Alzheimer centrum Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno M Schoonheim
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura E Jonkman
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Do Carmo S, Kannel B, Cuello AC. The Nerve Growth Factor Metabolic Pathway Dysregulation as Cause of Alzheimer's Cholinergic Atrophy. Cells 2021; 11:16. [PMID: 35011577 PMCID: PMC8750266 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cause of the loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) and their terminal synapses in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has provoked a decades-long controversy. The cholinergic phenotype of this neuronal system, involved in numerous cognitive mechanisms, is tightly dependent on the target-derived nerve growth factor (NGF). Consequently, the loss of BFCNs cholinergic phenotype in AD was initially suspected to be due to an NGF trophic failure. However, in AD there is a normal NGF synthesis and abundance of the NGF precursor (proNGF), therefore the NGF trophic failure hypothesis for the atrophy of BCNs was abandoned. In this review, we discuss the history of NGF-dependency of BFCNs and the atrophy of these neurons in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Further to it, we propose that trophic factor failure explains the BFCNs atrophy in AD. We discuss evidence of the occurrence of a brain NGF metabolic pathway, the dysregulation of which, in AD explains the severe deficiency of NGF trophic support for the maintenance of BFCNs cholinergic phenotype. Finally, we revise recent evidence that the NGF metabolic dysregulation in AD pathology starts at preclinical stages. We also propose that the alteration of NGF metabolism-related markers in body fluids might assist in the AD preclinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada;
| | - Benjamin Kannel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
| | - A. Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada;
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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Anglister L, Silman I, Soreq H. Preface: Cholinergic mechanisms: This is the Preface for the special issue "Cholinergic Mechanisms". J Neurochem 2021; 158:1212-1216. [PMID: 34458988 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This special issue of the Journal of Neurochemistry, entitled "Cholinergic Mechanisms," presents 15 reviews and two original papers, which have been selected to cover the broad spectrum of topics and disciplines presented at the XVIth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms (ISCM-XVI), ranging from the molecular and the cellular to the clinical and the cognitive mechanisms of cholinergic transmission. The authors discuss recent developments in the field, for instance, the association of cholinergic transmission with a number of important neurological and neuromuscular diseases in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Anglister
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Israel Silman
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences and the Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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