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Qiu R, Zhong W, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Yang Z, Han L. A novel micro-CT approach for in situ visualization of the spatial dynamics of mesovoids in aerobic composting piles. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 369:122329. [PMID: 39241595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The spatial configuration of mesovoids profoundly affects the aerobic composting microenvironment, which governs vital processes such as greenhouse gas production and emission, thermal conduction, and overall composting efficiency. Nondestructive in-situ characterization of the composting spatial structure is crucial to better understand its interaction mechanism with the microenvironment. In this study, a valuable contribution to the field of composting research was made by introducing micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) tool for in situ three-dimensional (3D) visual characterizing the void structure dynamics of straw and manure compost pile units at the mesoscale. Representative samples at different composting stages derived from wheat straw and cow manure were procured by pre-embedding samplers in laboratory-based aerobic composting reactor systems. Based on an advanced Skyscan 1275 micro-CT system, scanning conditions and image processing algorithms were determined, and the void structure and their dynamic changes in the pile unit during composting were in-situ 3D visualized for the first time. The micro-CT images effectively reveal well-developed void structures exhibiting spatiotemporal dynamics during composting, and they exhibit excellent consistency with conventional macrophysical effects and wet chemical analyses. Micro-CT quantification results of the void structure parameters changes in pile unit during composting were as follows: percentage of the total voidage and the connected voidage in pile unit were in the range of 52.34%-58.56%, indicating a very suitable composting spatial structural microenvironment. This new micro-CT method provides a valuable perspective for analyzing and understanding the complex aerobic composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Qiu
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Weizheng Zhong
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hehu Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Ying Zhu
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zengling Yang
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Lujia Han
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Hatami M, Özbek A, Deán‐Ben XL, Gutierrez J, Schill A, Razansky D, Larin KV. Noninvasive Tracking of Embryonic Cardiac Dynamics and Development with Volumetric Optoacoustic Spectroscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400089. [PMID: 38526147 PMCID: PMC11165471 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Noninvasive monitoring of cardiac development can potentially prevent cardiac anomalies in adulthood. Mouse models provide unique opportunities to study cardiac development and disease in mammals. However, high-resolution noninvasive functional analyses of murine embryonic cardiac models are challenging because of the small size and fast volumetric motion of the embryonic heart, which is deeply embedded inside the uterus. In this study, a real time volumetric optoacoustic spectroscopy (VOS) platform for whole-heart visualization with high spatial (100 µm) and temporal (10 ms) resolutions is developed. Embryonic heart development on gestational days (GDs) 14.5-17.5 and quantify cardiac dynamics using time-lapse-4D image data of the heart is followed. Additionally, spectroscopic recordings enable the quantification of the blood oxygenation status in heart chambers in a label-free and noninvasive manner. This technology introduces new possibilities for high-resolution quantification of embryonic heart function at different gestational stages in mammalian models, offering an invaluable noninvasive method for developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hatami
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX77004USA
| | - Ali Özbek
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Xosé Luís Deán‐Ben
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Jessica Gutierrez
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX77004USA
| | - Alexander Schill
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX77004USA
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX77004USA
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX77030USA
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Aydın E, Durmuş F, Torlak N, Oria M, Güler Bayazıt N, Öztürk Işık E, Aslanyürek B, Peiro JL. Pulmonary vasculature development in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a novel automated quantitative imaging analysis. Pediatr Surg Int 2024; 40:81. [PMID: 38498203 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-024-05643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Impaired fetal lung vasculature determines the degree of pulmonary hypertension in the congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). This study aims to demonstrate the morphometric measurements that differ in pulmonary vessels of fetuses with CDH. METHODS Nitrofen-induced CDH Sprague-Dawley rat fetuses were scanned with microcomputed tomography. The analysis of the pulmonary vascular tree was performed with artificial intelligence. RESULTS The number of segments in CDH was significantly lower than that in the control group on the left (U = 2.5, p = 0.004) and right (U = 0, p = 0.001) sides for order 1(O1), whereas there was a significant difference only on the right side for O2 and O3. The pooled element numbers in the control group obeyed Horton's law (R2 = 0.996 left and R2 = 0.811 right lungs), while the CDH group broke it. Connectivity matrices showed that the average number of elements of O1 springing from elements of O1 on the left side and the number of elements of O1 springing from elements of O3 on the right side were significantly lower in CDH samples. CONCLUSION According to these findings, CDH not only reduced the amount of small order elements, but also destroyed the fractal structure of the pulmonary arterial trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Aydın
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, The Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Fetal Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Furkan Durmuş
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilhan Torlak
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, The Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Fetal Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marc Oria
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, The Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Fetal Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nilgün Güler Bayazıt
- Department A: Mathematical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Öztürk Işık
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Birol Aslanyürek
- Department A: Mathematical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jose L Peiro
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, The Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Fetal Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Testicular descent revisited: a micro-computed tomography study in fetal rats. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:149. [PMID: 36882585 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a long history of research dealing with the embryology of the testicular descent. However, important aspects like the role of the gubernaculum and the development of the processus vaginalis peritonei are not understood. Micro-computed tomography (µCT) is an established tool for anatomical studies in rodents. Our study applied µCT imaging to visualize the testicular descent in rats and focused on the role of the gubernacular bulb and the development of the processus vaginalis peritonei. METHODS Rats from embryonic day 15 (ED15) to ED21 and newborns (N0) were fixed and dried using the "critical point" technique. We ran a SkyScan® µCT system and scans were analyzed for gender-specific differentiation of the genital ridge and used for 3D visualization of relevant anatomic structures. RESULTS µCT imaging confirmed the intraperitoneal location of the testicles from ED15 to N0. The components of the inner genital moved closer together while the intestinal volume expanded. The gubernacular bulb seemed to be involved in the formation of the processus vaginalis peritonei. CONCLUSION Here, we utilized µCT imaging to visualize the testicular descent in the rat. Imaging provides new morphologic aspects on the development of the processus vaginalis peritonei.
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Wille S, Peukert N, Haak R, Riedel J, Mayer S, Kluth D, Lacher M, Gosemann JH, Markel M. Development of the Urinary Tract in Fetal Rats: A Micro-CT Study. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2023; 33:53-60. [PMID: 36395789 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is an established tool to study fetal development in rodents. This study aimed to use micro-CT imaging to visualize the development of the urinary tract in fetal rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fetal rats from embryonic day (ED) 15, ED17, ED19, ED21, and N0 (newborn) (n = 6 per group; 3 males) were fixed and desiccated using the "critical point" technique. We utilized the micro-CT system (SkyScan) and analyzed the resulting scans with CTAn, DataViewer, and ImageJ to visualize the morphology and quantify the volumes of kidney, bladder, adrenal gland, as well as length of the ureter. RESULTS High-resolution micro-CT showed continuous growth of both kidneys from ED15 to N0, with the highest increase between ED19 and ED21. The length of the ureter increased from ED15 to ED21 and remained stable until birth. The volume of the bladder steadily increased from ED15 to N0.In females, a statistically higher volume of the adrenal gland on ED21 was observed, whereas no sex-specific differences were seen for kidney, ureter, and bladder development. CONCLUSION Micro-CT depicts an excellent tool to study urinary tract development in the fetal and neonatal rat. It enables the metric quantification of longitudinal anatomic changes in high definition without previous destructive tissue preparation. The present study revealed sex-specific differences of the adrenal gland development and provides comprehensive data for the understanding of fetal urinary tract development, inspiring future research on congenital urological malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Wille
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Peukert
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rainer Haak
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology, and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Riedel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi Mayer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dietrich Kluth
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Lacher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Moritz Markel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Handschuh S, Glösmann M. Mouse embryo phenotyping using X-ray microCT. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:949184. [PMID: 36187491 PMCID: PMC9523164 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.949184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microscopic X-ray computed tomography (microCT) is a structural ex vivo imaging technique providing genuine isotropic 3D images from biological samples at micron resolution. MicroCT imaging is non-destructive and combines well with other modalities such as light and electron microscopy in correlative imaging workflows. Protocols for staining embryos with X-ray dense contrast agents enable the acquisition of high-contrast and high-resolution datasets of whole embryos and specific organ systems. High sample throughput is achieved with dedicated setups. Consequently, microCT has gained enormous importance for both qualitative and quantitative phenotyping of mouse development. We here summarize state-of-the-art protocols of sample preparation and imaging procedures, showcase contemporary applications, and discuss possible pitfalls and sources for artefacts. In addition, we give an outlook on phenotyping workflows using microscopic dual energy CT (microDECT) and tissue-specific contrast agents.
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Handschuh S, Okada CTC, Walter I, Aurich C, Glösmann M. An optimized workflow for
microCT
imaging of formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded (
FFPE
) early equine embryos. Anat Histol Embryol 2022; 51:611-623. [PMID: 35851500 PMCID: PMC9542120 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe a workflow for high‐detail microCT imaging of formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) equine embryos recovered on Day 34 of pregnancy (E34), a period just before placenta formation. The presented imaging methods are suitable for large animals' embryos with intention to study morphological and developmental aspects, but more generally can be adopted for all kinds of FFPE tissue specimens. Microscopic 3D imaging techniques such as microCT are important tools for detecting and studying normal embryogenesis and developmental disorders. To date, microCT imaging of vertebrate embryos was mostly done on embryos that have been stained with an X‐ray dense contrast agent. Here, we describe an alternative imaging procedure that allows to visualize embryo morphology and organ development in unstained FFPE embryos. Two aspects are critical for high‐quality data acquisition: (i) a proper sample mounting leaving as little as possible paraffin around the sample and (ii) an image filtering pipeline that improves signal‐to‐noise ratio in these inherently low‐contrast data sets. The presented workflow allows overview imaging of the whole embryo proper and can be used for determination of organ volumes and development. Furthermore, we show that high‐resolution interior tomographies can provide virtual histology information from selected regions of interest. In addition, we demonstrate that microCT scanned embryos remain intact during the scanning procedure allowing for a subsequent investigation by routine histology and/or immunohistochemistry. This makes the presented workflow applicable also to archival paraffin‐embedded material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Handschuh
- VetCore Facility for Research/Imaging Unit University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Carolina T. C. Okada
- Platform Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer Department for Small Animals and Horses University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Ingrid Walter
- VetCore Facility for Research/VetBiobank University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute of Morphology University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Christine Aurich
- Platform Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer Department for Small Animals and Horses University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Martin Glösmann
- VetCore Facility for Research/Imaging Unit University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna Austria
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Ivanova VV, Milto IV, Serebrjakova ON, Sukhodolo IV. The Rat Heart in the Prenatal and Postnatal Periods of Ontogenesis. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421050039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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