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Salci MA, Carreira L, Oliveira NN, Pereira ND, Covre ER, Pesce GB, Oliveira RR, Höring CF, Baccon WC, Puente Alcaraz J, Santos GA, Bolsoni LLM, Gutiérrez Carmona A, Vissoci JRN, Facchini LA, Laranjeira C. Long COVID among Brazilian Adults and Elders 12 Months after Hospital Discharge: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1443. [PMID: 39057586 PMCID: PMC11276565 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12141443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The persistence of symptoms for more than three months following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is referred to as "Long COVID". To gain a deeper understanding of the etiology and long-term progression of symptoms, this study aims to analyze the prevalence of Long COVID and its associated factors in a cohort of Brazilian adults and elders, twelve months after hospital discharge. An observational, prospective, and follow-up study was performed with a cohort of adults and older adults diagnosed with COVID-19 in 2020 in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Twelve months after hospital discharge, patients answered a phone questionnaire about the persistence of symptoms after three levels of exposure to COVID-19's acute phase (ambulatory, medical ward, and intensive care unit). According to the characteristics of participants, the prevalence of Long COVID-19 was calculated, and logistic regression analyses were conducted. We analyzed data from 1822 participants (980 adults [≥18-<60 years] and 842 older people [≥60 years]) across three exposure levels. The overall Long COVID prevalence was 64.2%. Long COVID was observed in 646 adults (55%; of which 326 were women) and 523 older people (45%; of which 284 were women). Females had a higher prevalence of long-term symptoms (52%) compared with men. The most common post-COVID-19 conditions in the 12-month follow-up were neurological (49.8%), followed by musculoskeletal (35.1%) and persistent respiratory symptoms (26.5%). Male individuals were less likely to develop Long COVID (aOR = 0.50). Other determinants were also considered risky, such as the presence of comorbidities (aOR = 1.41). Being an adult and having been hospitalized was associated with the development of Long COVID. The risk of developing Long COVID was twice as high for ward patients (aOR = 2.53) and three times as high for ICU patients (aOR = 3.56) when compared to non-hospitalized patients. Presenting clinical manifestations of digestive (aOR = 1.56), endocrine (aOR = 2.14), cutaneous (aOR = 2.51), musculoskeletal (aOR = 2.76) and psychological systems (aOR = 1.66) made adults more likely to develop Long COVID. Long COVID was present in a large proportion of people affected by the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Presence of Long COVID symptoms displayed a dose-response relationship with the level of disease exposure, with a greater prevalence of symptoms associated with the severe form in the acute period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aparecida Salci
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (N.N.O.); (N.D.P.); (E.R.C.); (G.B.P.); (R.R.O.); (W.C.B.); (G.A.S.); (L.L.M.B.)
| | - Lígia Carreira
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (N.N.O.); (N.D.P.); (E.R.C.); (G.B.P.); (R.R.O.); (W.C.B.); (G.A.S.); (L.L.M.B.)
| | - Natan Nascimento Oliveira
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (N.N.O.); (N.D.P.); (E.R.C.); (G.B.P.); (R.R.O.); (W.C.B.); (G.A.S.); (L.L.M.B.)
| | - Natan David Pereira
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (N.N.O.); (N.D.P.); (E.R.C.); (G.B.P.); (R.R.O.); (W.C.B.); (G.A.S.); (L.L.M.B.)
| | - Eduardo Rocha Covre
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (N.N.O.); (N.D.P.); (E.R.C.); (G.B.P.); (R.R.O.); (W.C.B.); (G.A.S.); (L.L.M.B.)
| | - Giovanna Brichi Pesce
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (N.N.O.); (N.D.P.); (E.R.C.); (G.B.P.); (R.R.O.); (W.C.B.); (G.A.S.); (L.L.M.B.)
| | - Rosana Rosseto Oliveira
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (N.N.O.); (N.D.P.); (E.R.C.); (G.B.P.); (R.R.O.); (W.C.B.); (G.A.S.); (L.L.M.B.)
| | - Carla Franciele Höring
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil;
| | - Wanessa Cristina Baccon
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (N.N.O.); (N.D.P.); (E.R.C.); (G.B.P.); (R.R.O.); (W.C.B.); (G.A.S.); (L.L.M.B.)
| | - Jesús Puente Alcaraz
- Department of Health Science, University of Burgos, Paseo de los Comendadores, s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Giovana Alves Santos
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (N.N.O.); (N.D.P.); (E.R.C.); (G.B.P.); (R.R.O.); (W.C.B.); (G.A.S.); (L.L.M.B.)
| | - Ludmila Lopes Maciel Bolsoni
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (N.N.O.); (N.D.P.); (E.R.C.); (G.B.P.); (R.R.O.); (W.C.B.); (G.A.S.); (L.L.M.B.)
| | | | - João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci
- Emergency Medicine Division, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
- Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Luiz Augusto Facchini
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia e Saúde da Família e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Laranjeira
- School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic University of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic University of Leiria, Campus 5, Rua das Olhalvas, 2414-016 Leiria, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7000-801 Évora, Portugal
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Mccarthy A, Robinson K, Dockery F, McLoughlin K, O'Connor M, Milos A, Corey G, Carey L, Steed F, Haaksma M, Whiston A, Tierney A, Galvin R. Long-term outcomes of older adults with acute COVID-19 following inpatient geriatric rehabilitation: a prospective cohort study from the Republic of Ireland. Ir J Med Sci 2024:10.1007/s11845-024-03723-4. [PMID: 38856964 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-024-03723-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of research reporting the long-term outcomes of older adults who have completed geriatric rehabilitation following COVID-19. AIM The primary aim of this study is to describe the long-term functional outcomes of a cohort of older adults with acute COVID-19 who have completed inpatient geriatric rehabilitation. METHODS This is a subgroup analysis of Irish data from a pan-European prospective cohort study. Functional ability, patient reported symptoms, and quality of life were measured using the Barthel index, the COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Screen, and the EQ-5D-5L, respectively. RESULTS Thirty patients enrolled in the study. The rate of mortality was 23.3% at 6 months after discharge from rehabilitation. Patients achieved a return to pre-admission functional ability but reported a significant increase in patient reported symptoms and their quality of life did not return to pre-admission levels when assessed at 6 months after discharge from rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older adults with acute COVID-19 infection can assist patients to return to their premorbid functional ability. On discharge from rehabilitation, ongoing follow-up of older adults is recommended to assist them to negotiate and manage ongoing symptomatology such as breathlessness or fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Mccarthy
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute and Ageing Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
- UL Hospitals Group, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Katie Robinson
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute and Ageing Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Frances Dockery
- Department of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, and Integrated Care Team for Older People North Dublin, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kara McLoughlin
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute and Ageing Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Margaret O'Connor
- Department of Ageing and Therapeutics, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Antonella Milos
- UL Hospitals Group, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Gillian Corey
- UL Hospitals Group, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Leonora Carey
- UL Hospitals Group, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Fiona Steed
- Department of Health, Baggot Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Miriam Haaksma
- Coordinator EU-COGER Study, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- University Network for the Care Sector South-Holland, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Aoife Whiston
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute and Ageing Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Audrey Tierney
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute and Ageing Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Rose Galvin
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute and Ageing Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Marques FRDM, Laranjeira C, Carreira L, Gallo AM, Baccon WC, Paiano M, Baldissera VDA, Salci MA. Illness Experiences of Brazilian People Who Were Hospitalized Due to COVID-19 and Faced Long COVID Repercussions in Their Daily Life: A Constructivist Grounded Theory Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 14:14. [PMID: 38247666 PMCID: PMC10813415 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Long COVID is a multisystem condition that has multiple consequences for the physical, mental, and social health of COVID-19 survivors. The impact of the long COVID condition remains unclear, particularly among middle-aged and older adults, who are at greater risk than younger people of persisting symptoms associated with COVID-19. Therefore, we aimed to understand the experiences of middle-aged and older people who had been hospitalized for COVID-19 and the repercussions of long-term COVID symptoms in their daily lives. A qualitative study was carried out, adopting the framework of the constructivist grounded theory (CGT) proposed by Kathy Charmaz. Fifty-six middle-aged and older adult participants from the southern region of Brazil were recruited. Data were gathered from semi-structured telephone interviews. Concomitantly a comparative analysis was performed to identify categories and codes using the MaxQDA® software (version 2022). Three subcategories were identified: (1) experiencing COVID-19 in the acute phase; (2) oscillating between 'good days' and 'bad days' in long COVID; and (3) (re)constructing identity. These concepts interact with each other and converge upon the central category of this study: recasting oneself to the uniqueness of the illness experience of long COVID. Our findings provided insights related to the disruption in the lives of long COVID-19 sufferers who still live with persistent symptoms of the disease, including physical, social, family, emotional and spiritual repercussions. Likewise, this study may aid in developing friendly and welcoming social environments, lowering stigma and prejudice towards patients with long COVID, and fostering prompt and suitable policy support and mental health care for these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielle Renata Danielli Martins Marques
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790—Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.G.); (W.C.B.); (M.P.); (V.D.A.B.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Carlos Laranjeira
- School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic University of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic University of Leiria, Rua de Santo André-66-68, Campus 5, 2410-541 Leiria, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7000-801 Évora, Portugal
| | - Lígia Carreira
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790—Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.G.); (W.C.B.); (M.P.); (V.D.A.B.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Adriana Martins Gallo
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790—Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.G.); (W.C.B.); (M.P.); (V.D.A.B.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Wanessa Cristina Baccon
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790—Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.G.); (W.C.B.); (M.P.); (V.D.A.B.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Marcelle Paiano
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790—Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.G.); (W.C.B.); (M.P.); (V.D.A.B.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Vanessa Denardi Antoniassi Baldissera
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790—Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.G.); (W.C.B.); (M.P.); (V.D.A.B.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Maria Aparecida Salci
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790—Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.G.); (W.C.B.); (M.P.); (V.D.A.B.); (M.A.S.)
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