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Orgev A, Donmez MB, Almogbel L, Cakmak G, Marques VR, Kahveci C, Yilmaz B. Cameo and intaglio surface stability and variability of additively, subtractively, and conventionally manufactured occlusal devices after long-term storage. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00427-X. [PMID: 38955603 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Additive and subtractive manufacturing have become alternative technologies for fabricating occlusal devices. However, knowledge of the long-term stability of occlusal devices fabricated using these recent technologies is limited. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cameo and intaglio surface stability and variability of additively, subtractively, and conventionally manufactured occlusal devices after 18 months of storage. MATERIAL AND METHODS A standard tessellation language (STL) file of a dentate maxillary typodont was used to design a master occlusal device. The STL file of this design was used to fabricate occlusal devices additively either with a digital light processing (AM-1) or a continuous liquid interface production (AM-2) printer, subtractively with 2 different 5-axis milling units (SM-1 and SM-2), and conventionally (TM-HP) (n=10). STL files of each device's cameo and intaglio surfaces were generated using a laboratory scanner after fabrication and after 18 months of storage in a moist environment. These generated files were imported into an analysis software program (Geomagic Control X) to analyze the dimensional stability of tested devices by using the root mean square method. The average deviation values defined the variability of measured changes over time. Cameo and intaglio surface deviations were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests, while the variability of measured deviations was analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance and the Tukey HSD tests (α=.05). RESULTS Significant differences were observed among tested devices when the intaglio surface deviations and the cameo surface variability were considered (P<.001). SM-2 had significantly higher intaglio surface deviations than AM-1, SM-1, and AM-2 (P≤.036). Among the test groups, AM-1 had the greatest cameo surface variability (P≤.004). CONCLUSIONS SM-2 resulted in lower intaglio surface stability than the additive and the other subtractive manufacturing technologies, while AM-1 led to the highest cameo surface variability among the test groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Orgev
- Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey; and ITI Scholar, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lolowh Almogbel
- Fellow, Advanced Education Program in Implant Dentistry, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, Calif.; Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gulce Cakmak
- Senior Research Associate, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vinicius Rizzo Marques
- Digital Implant Fellow, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Cigdem Kahveci
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Giresun University Faculty of Dentistry, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Associate Professor, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Associate Professor, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and Adjunct Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Saadat Sarmadi B, Schmidt F, Beuer F, Metin DS, Simeon P, Nicic R, Unkovskiy A. The Effect of Build Angle and Artificial Aging on the Accuracy of SLA- and DLP-Printed Occlusal Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1714. [PMID: 38932064 PMCID: PMC11207952 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of printing material, build angle, and artificial aging on the accuracy of SLA- and DLP-printed occlusal devices in comparison to each other and to subtractively manufactured devices. A total of 192 occlusal devices were manufactured by one SLA-printing and two DLP-printing methods in 5 different build angles as well as milling. The specimens were scanned and superimposed to their initial CAD data and each other to obtain trueness and precision data values. A second series of scans were performed after the specimens underwent an artificial aging simulation by thermocycling. Again, trueness and precision were investigated, and pre- and post-aging values were compared. A statistically significant influence was found for all main effects: manufacturing method, build angle, and thermocycling, confirmed by two-way ANOVA. Regarding trueness, overall tendency indicated that subtractively manufactured splints were more accurate than the 3D-printed, with mean deviation values around ±0.15 mm, followed by the DLP1 group, with ±0.25 mm at 0 degree build angle. Within the additive manufacturing methods, DLP splints had significantly higher trueness for all build angles compared to SLA, which had the highest mean deviation values, with ±0.32 mm being the truest to the original CAD file. Regarding precision, subtractive manufacturing showed better accuracy than additive manufacturing. The artificial aging demonstrated a significant influence on the dimensional accuracy of only SLA-printed splints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardia Saadat Sarmadi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Street 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (B.S.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (D.S.M.); (P.S.); (R.N.)
| | - Franziska Schmidt
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Street 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (B.S.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (D.S.M.); (P.S.); (R.N.)
| | - Florian Beuer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Street 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (B.S.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (D.S.M.); (P.S.); (R.N.)
| | - Dilan Seda Metin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Street 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (B.S.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (D.S.M.); (P.S.); (R.N.)
| | - Philipp Simeon
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Street 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (B.S.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (D.S.M.); (P.S.); (R.N.)
| | - Robert Nicic
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Street 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (B.S.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (D.S.M.); (P.S.); (R.N.)
| | - Alexey Unkovskiy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Street 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (B.S.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (D.S.M.); (P.S.); (R.N.)
- Department of Dental Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, 19c1, Moscow 119146, Russia
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Pecenek D, Gokcen-Rohlig B, Ongul D, Ayvalioglu DC. Evaluation of the clinical performance of different occlusal device materials. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00295-6. [PMID: 38806342 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Computer aided technologies have been used to fabricate occlusal devices. However, the clinical behavior of the newly developed materials developed for occlusal devices is unknown. PURPOSE The purpose of this prospective, double-blind study was to assess the clinical efficacy of recently introduced computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials for the fabrication of occlusal devices. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 24 participants were divided randomly into 2 study groups; polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and a control group (CG). Conventional impressions and gypsum casts were obtained from all participants. In the study groups, the casts were digitalized with an extraoral digital scanner, designed with a software program (Bite Occlusal Device Module; exocad GmbH) and milled from PEEK and PMMA blocks. Clear resin sheets were used for occlusal device fabrication in the CG. The baseline measurements were made during the initial appointments. After 6 months, the participants returned for follow-up evaluations. Clinical performance based on surface roughness, wear of the antagonist teeth, occlusal device fit and therapeutic effect, as well as participant satisfaction were compared using the 1-way ANOVA test between the main groups (α=.05). The post hoc and Kruskal Wallis-H tests were used to compare the nonparametric group. RESULTS The therapeutic effects of the occlusal devices did not differ. All participants showed improvement in palpation and mandibular movement scores, but no statistically significant differences were found among the groups (P>.05). PEEK and PMMA had statistically less surface wear than CG (P<.001) and led to less antagonist tooth wear. No significant participant satisfaction difference was seen among the groups (P>.05). The control group had the best fit (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Recent CAD-CAM materials exhibit clinically acceptable outcomes, and their performance is comparable with that of traditional materials. CAD-CAM materials appear suitable in terms of accuracy, surface wear, and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygucan Pecenek
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilge Gokcen-Rohlig
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deger Ongul
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Demet Cagıl Ayvalioglu
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Altınbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Voß AS, Bunz O, Kurbad O, Bürgers R. Fully digital workflow of an occlusal device including digital facebow record: A clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00061-1. [PMID: 38365524 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
In many current digital workflows for the production of occlusal devices and dentures, the traditional facebow record for the individual determination of the hinge axis has been omitted. A novel digital facebow record procedure including a scannable occlusal fork is described as a straightforward to use, cost-effective, and less time-consuming alternative to close this gap in fully digital prosthetic workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Sophia Voß
- Prosthodontist, Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oskar Bunz
- Prosthodontist, Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Kurbad
- Prosthodontist, Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Bürgers
- Professor and Head of Department, Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Khanlar LN, Barmak AB, Oh Y, Mendha U, Yared S, Zandinejad A. Marginal and internal discrepancies associated with carbon digital light synthesis additively manufactured interim crowns. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00259-7. [PMID: 37210221 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The carbon digital light synthesis (DLS) or continuous liquid interface production (CLIP) technology is an innovative additive manufacturing technology using oxygen-inhibited photopolymerization to create a continuous liquid interface of unpolymerized resin between the growing component and the exposure window. This interface eliminates the need for an incremental layer-by-layer approach, allowing for continuous creation and increased printing speed. However, the internal and marginal discrepancies associated with this new technology remain unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal and internal discrepancies by using the silicone replica technique of interim crowns fabricated by 3 different manufacturing technologies: direct light processing (DLP), DLS, and milling. MATERIAL AND METHODS A mandibular first molar was prepared, and a crown was designed with a computer-aided design (CAD) software program. The standard tessellation language (STL) file was used to create 30 crowns from the DLP, DLS, milling technologies (n=10). The gap discrepancy was determined using the silicone replica approach, with 50 measurements made with a ×70 microscope for each specimen for the marginal and internal gaps. The data were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey HSD post hoc test (α=.05). RESULTS The DLS group had the least marginal discrepancy compared with the DLP and milling groups (P<.001). The DLP group showed the highest internal discrepancy followed by the DLS and milling groups (P=.038). No significant difference was found between DLS and milling in terms of internal discrepancy (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS The manufacturing technique had a significant effect on both internal and marginal discrepancies. The DLS technology showed the smallest marginal discrepancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Nasiry Khanlar
- Lecturer, AEGD Residency Program, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, Texas
| | - Abdul Basir Barmak
- Lecturer, AEGD Residency Program, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, Texas; Private practice, Arlington, Texas
| | - Youngju Oh
- Undergraduate student, Texas A&M University, School of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Umar Mendha
- Undergraduate student, Texas A&M University, School of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sami Yared
- CEO and Founder, YDL Dental Laboratory, Dallas, Texas
| | - Amirali Zandinejad
- Associate Professor, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, Texas; Associate Professor, Clinical Research and Biostatistics, EIOH Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.
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