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Brandt MJ, Vallabha S, Turner-Zwinkels FM. The Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic Made People Feel Threatened, but Had a Limited Impact on Political Attitudes in the United States. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2023:1461672231190233. [PMID: 37553893 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231190233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated if the COVID-19 pandemic's onset caused changes in political attitudes. Influential theories predict that the pandemic's onset will cause people to adopt more conservative attitudes, more culturally conservative attitudes, or more extreme attitudes. We comprehensively tested the external validity of these predictions by estimating the causal effect of the pandemic's onset on 84 political attitudes and eight perceived threats using fine-grained repeated cross-sectional data (Study 1, N = 232,684) and panel data (Study 2, N = 552) collected in the United States. Although the pandemic's onset caused feelings of threat, the onset only caused limited attitude change (six conservative shifts, four extremity shifts, 12 liberal shifts, 62 no change). Prominent theories of threat and politics did not make accurate predictions for this major societal threat. Our results highlight the necessity of testing psychological theories' predictive powers in real-life circumstances.
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2
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The psychological causes and societal consequences of authoritarianism. NATURE REVIEWS PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 2:220-232. [PMID: 37056296 PMCID: PMC9983523 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-023-00161-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, citizens’ political rights and civil liberties have declined globally. Psychological science can play an instrumental role in both explaining and combating the authoritarian impulses that underlie these attacks on personal autonomy. In this Review, we describe the psychological processes and situational factors that foster authoritarianism, as well as the societal consequences of its apparent resurgence within the general population. First, we summarize the dual process motivational model of ideology and prejudice, which suggests that viewing the world as a dangerous, but not necessarily competitive, place plants the psychological seeds of authoritarianism. Next, we discuss the evolutionary, genetic, personality and developmental antecedents to authoritarianism and explain how contextual threats to safety and security activate authoritarian predispositions. After examining the harmful consequences of authoritarianism for intergroup relations and broader societal attitudes, we discuss the need to expand the ideological boundaries of authoritarianism and encourage future research to investigate both right-wing and left-wing variants of authoritarianism. Authoritarianism weakens democratic institutions and fosters societal divisions. In this Review, Osborne et al. describe the psychological processes and situational factors that give rise to authoritarianism, as well as the societal consequences of its apparent resurgence within the general population.
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Müller UWD, Bahnsen O, Alpers GW. State anxiety by itself does not change political attitudes: A threat of shock experiment. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1006757. [PMID: 36533062 PMCID: PMC9752813 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1006757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research suggests that state anxiety may sway political attitudes. However, previous experimental procedures induced anxiety using political contexts (e.g., social or economic threat). In a pre-registered laboratory experiment, we set out to examine if anxiety that is unrelated to political contexts can influence political attitudes. We induced anxiety with a threat of shock paradigm, void of any political connotation. All participants were instructed that they might receive an electric stimulus during specified threat periods and none during safety periods. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: Political attitudes (implicit and explicit) were assessed under safety in one condition and under threat in the other. Psychometric, as well as physiological data (skin conductance, heart rate), confirmed that anxiety was induced successfully. However, this emotional state did not alter political attitudes. In a Bayesian analytical approach, we confirmed the absence of an effect. Our results suggest that state anxiety by itself does not sway political attitudes. Previously observed effects that were attributed to anxiety may be conditional on a political context of threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich W. D. Müller
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Oke Bahnsen
- Department of Political Science, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Georg W. Alpers
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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4
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Van Hiel A. Towards an integrative model of threat-based ideological attitudes. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:732. [PMID: 35752601 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Van Hiel
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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5
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Jost JT, Gries T, Müller V. Costs and Benefits of a Market-Based Model of Ideological Choice: Responding to Consumers and Critics. PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2022.2065135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John T. Jost
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Gries
- Department of Economics, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Veronika Müller
- School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington D.C
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6
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Brandt MJ, Bakker BN. The complicated but solvable threat–politics relationship. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:368-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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7
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Schumann F, Brook P, Heinze M. Not in Their Right Mind? Right-Wing Extremism Is Not a Mental Illness, but Still a Challenge for Psychiatry. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2022; 7:830966. [PMID: 35633839 PMCID: PMC9131015 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.830966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Most research in psychiatry on extremism focuses on the question whether there is a connection between extremism and psychiatric diagnoses. In addition, practitioners are increasingly asked to take part in programs aimed at preventing and countering violent extremism by assessing risk for radicalization. However, an issue that remains largely unaddressed is that the rise of the far right in many countries during the last years poses a challenge for psychiatric services as working with right-wing patients can be a source of conflict for practitioners and patients alike. In this article, we assert that the narrow conceptual scope on psychological vulnerabilities and the practical focus on risk assessment contribute to processes of psychiatrization and limit the scope of research on right-wing extremism in psychiatry. By giving a brief overview of social research into right-wing extremism, the article argues that right wing beliefs should not be conceptualized as an expression of psychological vulnerabilities but rather as attempts to deal with conflict-laden social reality. Thus, a shift of perspective in psychiatric research on extremism is needed. On a conceptional level, the scope needs to be broadened to grasp the interplay of individual and social factors in radicalization with sufficient complexity. On a practical level, it is necessary to further investigate challenges for practitioners and institutions working with right-wing extremist patients.
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Lucas Casanova M, Costa P, Lawthom R, Coimbra JL. Neoliberal Economic Policies' Effects on Perceptions of Social Justice and Sociopolitical Participation in Portugal. Front Psychol 2021; 12:694270. [PMID: 34912259 PMCID: PMC8666415 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.694270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary societies challenge long-standing projects of the "good society" and social equality through neoliberal economic policies. Social forms of uncertainty generated by financial deprivation, precarity, and inequality seem to have effects on agency and coping and so socioeconomic and psychological consequences. This study aims to test these relationships, as well as a hypothesis on the potential impact of these constructs on beliefs of sociopolitical control and social dominance, which have implications for social justice. A mediation model explores the effects of financial access (the manifest benefit of work) on psychosocial uncertainty (which reflects the perception of uncertainty in the social context and the experience of its consequences within work, relationships, and the adoption of self-defeating beliefs) and on emotional coping strategies towards uncertainty, and their effects on personal agency, sociopolitical control (SPC), and social dominance orientation (SDO). Data are derived from a study of 633 participants in Portugal. Although personal agency is influenced by financial access and psychosocial uncertainty, it is not proved as a significant mediator for SPC and SDO. Nevertheless, financial access, psychosocial uncertainty, and emotional coping significantly contribute to the model, supporting the hypothesis that financial access protects against psychosocial uncertainty. Both have an impact on SPC and SDO. Therefore, financial deprivation and psychosocial uncertainty potentially contribute to extremism and populism in societies characterised by socially created forms of uncertainty. Implications of results for psychological intervention, namely in vocational/professional counselling, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lucas Casanova
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrício Costa
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rebecca Lawthom
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Joaquim L. Coimbra
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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9
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Biddlestone M, Green R, Cichocka A, Sutton R, Douglas K. Conspiracy beliefs and the individual, relational, and collective selves. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricky Green
- School of Psychology University of Kent Canterbury UK
| | | | - Robbie Sutton
- School of Psychology University of Kent Canterbury UK
| | - Karen Douglas
- School of Psychology University of Kent Canterbury UK
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10
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Roccato M, Russo S, Colloca P, Cavazza N. The Lasting Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Support for Anti-Democratic Political Systems: A Six-Month Longitudinal Study. SOCIAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY 2021; 102:2285-2295. [PMID: 34230704 PMCID: PMC8250581 DOI: 10.1111/ssqu.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to analyze the enduring effects exerted by COVID-19 exposure and subjective economic threats on support for anti-democratic political systems. METHOD We performed a two-wave longitudinal study on a quota panel of the Italian adult population (N = 1,073), surveyed first in April 2020, during the first peak of the pandemic (T 1) and the first lockdown, and second in October 2020, at the onset of the second peak of the pandemic and of the second lockdown (T 2). RESULTS A mediation model showed that COVID-19 exposure and subjective economic threats, measured at T 1, fostered a negative evaluation of how the government managed the pandemic, which, in turn, had a positive association with support for anti-democratic political systems, both measured at T 2. CONCLUSION The existential threats related to the COVID-19 pandemic have enduring political consequences, undermining people's support for democracy, even six months after their onset.
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Jarmakowski T, Radkiewicz P. Why Do Immigrants Make Us More Authoritarian? The Impact of Direct and Normative Threat to Social Order from Outgroupers on Ingroup Authoritarianism. BASIC AND APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2021.1967156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Helminen V, Elovainio M, Jokela M. Clinical symptoms of anxiety disorders as predictors of political attitudes: A prospective cohort study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 57:181-189. [PMID: 34389978 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Conservative political ideologies have been suggested to correlate with elevated sensitivity to threat. However, it is unclear whether the associations between threat sensitivity and political attitudes can be observed with clinical measures of mental health. We examined how anxiety disorders predicted attitudes on several political issues. Participants were 7253 individuals from the 1958 British Birth Cohort study. Symptoms of generalised anxiety disorder, phobia and panic were assessed in a clinical interview at age 44, and opinions about political issues were self-reported by the participants 6 years later. Anxiety symptoms were associated with higher concerns about economic inequality, preservation of the environment, distrust in politics and lower work ethic. No associations were observed with racist or authoritarian attitudes, or support for traditional family values. We also assessed how political attitudes at ages 33 and 42 predicted anxiety disorder symptoms at age 44, revealing a possible bidirectional association between concern for economic inequality and anxiety disorder symptoms. These findings do not support an association between conservative political attitudes and elevated threat sensitivity. Rather, elevated anxiety may increase concerns about social inequality and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilja Helminen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Markus Jokela
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Political Psychology Data from a 26-wave Yearlong Longitudinal Study (2019–2020). JOURNAL OF OPEN PSYCHOLOGY DATA 2021. [DOI: 10.5334/jopd.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Clarke EJR, Klas A, Dyos E. The role of ideological attitudes in responses to COVID-19 threat and government restrictions in Australia. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 175:110734. [PMID: 33583988 PMCID: PMC7867395 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Many government strategies to reduce the spread of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) involved unprecedented restrictions on personal movement, disrupting social and economic norms. Although generally well-received in Australia, community frustration regarding these restrictions appeared to diverge across political lines. Therefore, we examined the unique effects of the ideological subfactors of Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA; Aggression, Submission and Conventionalism) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO; Dominance and Anti-egalitarianism) in predicting perceived personal threat of COVID-19, and support for and reactance to government restrictions, in Australian residents across two separate samples (S1 N = 451, S2 N = 838). COVID-19 threat was positively predicted by Submission, and negatively by Conventionalism, and Anti-egalitarianism. Support for restrictions was also positively predicted by Submission, and negatively by Conventionalism, Dominance, and Anti-egalitarianism. Reactance to government restrictions was negatively predicted by Submission, and positively by Conventionalism, Dominance, and Anti-egalitarianism. These findings suggest that right-wing ideological subfactors contribute to the one's perception of COVID-19 threat and government restrictions differentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J R Clarke
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Australia
| | - Anna Klas
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Misinformation Lab, School of Psychology
| | - Emily Dyos
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Australia
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15
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Zapko-Willmes A, Schwartz SH, Richter J, Kandler C. Basic value orientations and moral foundations: Convergent or discriminant constructs? JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Bochicchio V, Winsler A, Pagliaro S, Pacilli MG, Dolce P, Scandurra C. Negative Affectivity, Authoritarianism, and Anxiety of Infection Explain Early Maladjusted Behavior During the COVID-19 Outbreak. Front Psychol 2021; 12:583883. [PMID: 33732177 PMCID: PMC7959709 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.583883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the first phase of the COVID-19 outbreak, Italy experienced problems of public order and maladjusted behavior. This study assessed the role of negative affectivity, right-wing authoritarianism, and anxiety of COVID-19 infection in explaining a variety of the maladjusted behaviors (i.e., “China-phobic” discrimination, panic buying) observed with an Italian sample. Specifically, we examined the effect of Negative Affectivity and Right-Wing Authoritarianism on maladjusted behaviors, and the moderating role of anxiety of infection. Seven hundred and fifty-seven Italian participants completed an online survey between March 3rd to the 7th 2020, which was immediately before the lockdown. A moderated-mediation model was tested using a structural equation modeling approach. Results indicated that both Negative Affectivity and Right-Wing Authoritarianism were positively associated with COVID-19-related maladjusted behavior, and that Right-Wing Authoritarianism mediated the relationship between Negative Affectivity and maladjusted behavior. Furthermore, the effect of Right-Wing Authoritarianism on maladjusted behavior was greater for those with high anxiety of infection, and the indirect effect of Negative Affectivity on maladjusted behavior through Right-Wing Authoritarianism was moderated by infection anxiety. Findings highlight potential psychological paths that may inform communication strategies and public health initiatives aimed at promoting healthy behavior during an outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Bochicchio
- Department of Humanities, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Adam Winsler
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Stefano Pagliaro
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Dolce
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristiano Scandurra
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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17
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Roccato M, Cavazza N, Colloca P, Russo S. A Democratic Emergency After a Health Emergency? Exposure to COVID-19, Perceived Economic Threat and Support for Anti-Democratic Political Systems. SOCIAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY 2020; 101:2193-2202. [PMID: 33041377 PMCID: PMC7537510 DOI: 10.1111/ssqu.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The urgency of the COVID-19 pandemic has led governments to impose restrictions on individual freedom and required citizens to comply with these restrictions. In addition, lockdowns related to COVID-19 have led to a significant economic crisis. We aimed to study how the pandemic and related economic threats have impacted support for anti-democratic political systems. METHOD We analyzed data from a quota panel of the Italian adult population (N = 1,195), surveyed once before and once during the pandemic. RESULTS A hierarchical regression model showed that exposure to COVID-19 and perceived economic insecurity were associated with support for anti-democratic political systems, independent of participants' predispositions toward a strong leader. CONCLUSION An authoritarian personality is not a necessary precondition for individual anti-democracy: when facing severe personal threats, anyone could restore a subjective sense of control over the social world by becoming anti-democratic, independent of their initial predisposition to support anti-democratic political systems.
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18
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Brandt MJ, Turner-Zwinkels FM, Karapirinler B, Van Leeuwen F, Bender M, van Osch Y, Adams B. The Association Between Threat and Politics Depends on the Type of Threat, the Political Domain, and the Country. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2020; 47:324-343. [PMID: 32842885 PMCID: PMC7859575 DOI: 10.1177/0146167220946187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Theories link threat with right-wing political beliefs. We use the World
Values Survey (60,378 participants) to explore how six types of threat
(e.g., economic, violence, and surveillance) are associated with
multiple political beliefs (e.g., cultural, economic, and ideological
identification) in 56 countries/territories. Multilevel models with
individuals nested in countries revealed that the threat-political
belief association depends on the type of threat, the type of
political belief, and the country. Economic-related threats tended to
be associated with more left-wing economic political beliefs and
violence-related threats tended to be associated with more cultural
right-wing beliefs, but there were exceptions to this pattern.
Additional analyses revealed that the associations between threat and
political beliefs were different across countries. However, our
analyses identified few country characteristics that could account for
these cross-country differences. Our findings revealed that political
beliefs and perceptions of threat are linked, but that the
relationship is not simple.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Bender
- Tilburg University, The Netherlands.,Gratia Christian College, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | | | - Byron Adams
- Tilburg University, The Netherlands.,University of Johannesburg, South Africa
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19
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Pliskin R, Ruhrman A, Halperin E. Proposing a multi-dimensional, context-sensitive approach to the study of ideological (a)symmetry in emotion. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Stern C. Ideological differences in attitude and belief similarity: distinguishing perception and reality. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2020.1798059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chadly Stern
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA
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21
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Van Hiel A, Onraet E, Bostyn DH, Stadeus J, Haesevoets T, Van Assche J, Roets A. A meta-analytic integration of research on the relationship between right-wing ideological attitudes and aggressive tendencies. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2020.1778324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Van Hiel
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emma Onraet
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dries H. Bostyn
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Stadeus
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tessa Haesevoets
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arne Roets
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Actual Threat, Perceived Threat, and Authoritarianism: An Experimental Study. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 23:e3. [PMID: 32519639 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2020.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Archival, correlational, and experimental studies converge showing strong links between societal threat and authoritarianism. However, inconsistent with the social cognitive studies showing that our perception of the reality is systematically biased, the literature on the threat-authoritarianism relations has largely ignored the connection between the actual societal threat and its perception. In this study, we analyzed the relation between objective societal threat and authoritarians' perception of it, hypothesizing that authoritarians would tend to overestimate societal threat and that such overestimation would increase the endorsement of authoritarian attitudes and the preference for authoritarian political systems. Using an experimental approach, we studied the relations between right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), actual societal threat (manipulated as low vs. moderate), and perceived societal threat working with an Italian community sample (N = 209, Mage = 29.70, SD = 9.53, 64.1% women). Actual threat and RWA equally predicted participants' threat perception, while their interaction did not. In turn, threat perception further increased RWA and support to authoritarian political system. We discussed the results in terms of a vicious circle whereby authoritarians overestimate societal threat and such overestimation reinforces authoritarian attitudes.
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23
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Landmann H, Gaschler R, Rohmann A. What is threatening about refugees? Identifying different types of threat and their association with emotional responses and attitudes towards refugee migration. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Landmann
- Department of Psychology Community Psychology FernUniversität in Hagen Hagen Germany
| | - Robert Gaschler
- Department of Psychology Experimental Psychology—Learning, Motivation, Emotion FernUniversität in Hagen Hagen Germany
| | - Anette Rohmann
- Department of Psychology Community Psychology FernUniversität in Hagen Hagen Germany
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Clarke EJR, Ling M, Kothe EJ, Klas A, Richardson B. Mitigation system threat partially mediates the effects of right‐wing ideologies on climate change beliefs. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. R. Clarke
- School of Health and Life Sciences Federation University Berwick Victoria Australia
| | - Mathew Ling
- School of Psychology Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Emily J. Kothe
- School of Psychology Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Anna Klas
- School of Psychology Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
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25
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Prusova IS, Gulevich OA. The effect of mortality salience on the attitudes toward state control: The case of Russia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 55:305-314. [PMID: 30761535 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Our study examined the effects of mortality salience (MS) on attitudes toward state control in different domains in Russia. Using the theory of Conservatism as Motivated Social Cognition (CMSC) and the Terror Management Theory (TMT), we put forward two alternative hypotheses. Based on the CMSC, MS would enhance the approval of state control in different spheres, while, in line with TMT, the MS effect would be dependent on pre-existing views. The participants in the study were 450 Russian students who completed a questionnaire to measure attitudes toward state control in six spheres of life (the economy, the mass media, political parties, social organisations, science and education). After a week, they were randomly assigned one of three conditions-MS, frightening, and a neutral condition-and again completed the questionnaire on political attitudes. Our results showed that MS mostly provokes "control shifting," confirming the CMSC's hypothesis. However, a separate analysis conducted among people with different pre-existing political attitudes has revealed that "control shifting" is more pronounced for freedom-oriented participants. We discuss these findings in line with alternative views on the nature of the MS effect and specifics of socio-political context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina S Prusova
- Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Gulevich
- Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Earle M, Hodson G. Right‐wing adherence and objective numeracy as predictors of minority group size perceptions and size threat reactions. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Earle
- Department of Psychology Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Gordon Hodson
- Department of Psychology Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
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27
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Varaine S. Bad times are not good times for revolutions: Collective deprivation and the mobilization level of French radical movements (1882-1980). JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Varaine
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Science Po Grenoble, PACTE; 38000 Grenoble France
- School of Political Studies; Université Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
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28
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Van de Vyver J, Leite AC, Abrams D, Palmer SB. Brexit or Bremain? A person and social analysis of voting decisions in the EU referendum. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana C. Leite
- Centre for the Study of Group Processes, School of Psychology; University of Kent; Canterbury UK
- School of Psychology; University of Roehampton; London UK
| | - Dominic Abrams
- Centre for the Study of Group Processes, School of Psychology; University of Kent; Canterbury UK
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30
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Genetic Variance in Homophobia: Evidence from Self- and Peer Reports. Behav Genet 2017; 48:34-43. [PMID: 29164405 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-017-9884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present twin study combined self- and peer assessments of twins' general homophobia targeting gay men in order to replicate previous behavior genetic findings across different rater perspectives and to disentangle self-rater-specific variance from common variance in self- and peer-reported homophobia (i.e., rater-consistent variance). We hypothesized rater-consistent variance in homophobia to be attributable to genetic and nonshared environmental effects, and self-rater-specific variance to be partially accounted for by genetic influences. A sample of 869 twins and 1329 peer raters completed a seven item scale containing cognitive, affective, and discriminatory homophobic tendencies. After correction for age and sex differences, we found most of the genetic contributions (62%) and significant nonshared environmental contributions (16%) to individual differences in self-reports on homophobia to be also reflected in peer-reported homophobia. A significant genetic component, however, was self-report-specific (38%), suggesting that self-assessments alone produce inflated heritability estimates to some degree. Different explanations are discussed.
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31
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Napier JL, Huang J, Vonasch AJ, Bargh JA. Superheroes for change: Physical safety promotes socially (but not economically) progressive attitudes among conservatives. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime L. Napier
- Department of Psychology; New York University Abu Dhabi; Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Julie Huang
- Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York USA
| | - Andrew J. Vonasch
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - John A. Bargh
- Department of Psychology; Yale University; New Haven Connecticut USA
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32
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Cichocka A, Dhont K, Makwana AP. On Self-Love and Outgroup Hate: Opposite Effects of Narcissism on Prejudice via Social Dominance Orientation and Right-Wing Authoritarianism. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2017; 31:366-384. [PMID: 28983151 PMCID: PMC5601291 DOI: 10.1002/per.2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has obtained mixed findings as to whether feelings of self‐worth are positively or negatively related to right‐wing ideological beliefs and prejudice. We propose to clarify the link between self‐worth and ideology by distinguishing between narcissistic and non‐narcissistic self‐evaluations as well as between different dimensions of ideological attitudes. Four studies, conducted in three different socio‐political contexts: the UK (Study 1, N = 422), the US (Studies 2 and 3, Ns = 471 and 289, respectively), and Poland (Study 4, N = 775), investigated the associations between narcissistic and non‐narcissistic self‐evaluations, social dominance orientation (SDO), right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA), and ethnic prejudice. Confirming our hypotheses, the results consistently showed that after controlling for self‐esteem, narcissistic self‐evaluation was positively associated with SDO (accounting for RWA), yet negatively associated with RWA (accounting for SDO). These associations were similar after controlling for psychopathy and Machiavellianism (Study 3) as well as collective narcissism and Big Five personality characteristics (Study 4). Studies 2–4 additionally demonstrated that narcissistic self‐evaluation was indirectly positively associated with prejudice through higher SDO (free of RWA) but indirectly negatively associated with prejudice through lower RWA (free of SDO). Implications for understanding the role of self‐evaluation in right‐wing ideological attitudes and prejudice are discussed. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristof Dhont
- School of Psychology University of Kent Canterbury UK
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33
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Crawford JT. Are Conservatives More Sensitive to Threat than Liberals? It Depends on How We Define Threat and Conservatism. SOCIAL COGNITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1521/soco.2017.35.4.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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34
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Morgan GS, Wisneski DC. The Structure of Political Ideology Varies Between and Within People: Implications for Theories About Ideology's Causes. SOCIAL COGNITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1521/soco.2017.35.4.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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35
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Jost JT, Stern C, Rule NO, Sterling J. The Politics of Fear: Is There an Ideological Asymmetry in Existential Motivation? SOCIAL COGNITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1521/soco.2017.35.4.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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36
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Roccato M, Russo S. Right-wing authoritarianism, societal threat to safety, and psychological distress. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Roccato
- Department of Psychology; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Silvia Russo
- Youth & Society; Örebro University; Örebro Sweden
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37
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Manzi C, Roccato M, Paderi F, Vitrotti S, Russo S. The social development of right-wing authoritarianism: The interaction between parental autonomy support and societal threat to safety. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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Aichholzer J, Zandonella M. Psychological bases of support for radical right parties. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Onraet E, Van Hiel A, Dhont K, Hodson G, Schittekatte M, De Pauw S. The Association of Cognitive Ability with Right–Wing Ideological Attitudes and Prejudice: A Meta–Analytic Review. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/per.2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The cognitive functioning of individuals with stronger endorsement of right–wing and prejudiced attitudes has elicited much scholarly interest. Whereas many studies investigated cognitive styles, less attention has been directed towards cognitive ability. Studies investigating the latter topic generally reveal lower cognitive ability to be associated with stronger endorsement of right–wing ideological attitudes and greater prejudice. However, this relationship has remained widely unrecognized in literature. The present meta–analyses revealed an average effect size of r = −. 20 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) [−0.23, −0.17]; based on 67 studies, N = 84 017] for the relationship between cognitive ability and right–wing ideological attitudes and an average effect size of r = −.19 (95% CI [−0.23, −0.16]; based on 23 studies, N = 27 011) for the relationship between cognitive ability and prejudice. Effect sizes did not vary significantly across different cognitive abilities and sample characteristics. The effect strongly depended on the measure used for ideological attitudes and prejudice, with the strongest effect sizes for authoritarianism and ethnocentrism. We conclude that cognitive ability is an important factor in the genesis of ideological attitudes and prejudice and thus should become more central in theorizing and model building. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Onraet
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Van Hiel
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Gordon Hodson
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario Canada
| | | | - Sarah De Pauw
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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40
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Manzi C, Roccato M, Russo S. Meaning buffers right-wing authoritarian responses to societal threat via the mediation of loss of perceived control. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Hodson G, Dhont K. The person-based nature of prejudice: Individual difference predictors of intergroup negativity. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2015.1070018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Burton CM, Plaks JE, Peterson JB. Why Do Conservatives Report Being Happier Than Liberals? The Contribution of Neuroticism. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.5964/jspp.v3i1.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that conservatives in the United States are happier than liberals. This difference has been attributed to factors including differences in socioeconomic status, group memberships, and system-justifying beliefs. We suggest that differences between liberals and conservatives in personality traits may provide an additional account for the "happiness gap". Specifically, we investigated the role of neuroticism (or conversely, emotional stability) in explaining the conservative-liberal happiness gap. In Study 1 (N = 619), we assessed the correlation between political orientation (PO) and satisfaction with life (SWL), controlling for the Big Five traits, religiosity, income, and demographic variables. Neuroticism, conscientiousness, and religiosity each accounted for the PO-SWL correlation. In Study 2 (N = 700), neuroticism, system justification beliefs, conscientiousness, and income each accounted for PO-SWL correlation. In both studies, neuroticism negatively correlated with conservatism. We suggest that individual differences in neuroticism represent a previously under-examined contributor to the SWL disparity between conservatives and liberals.
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43
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Brandt MJ, Henry PJ, Wetherell G. The Relationship Between Authoritarianism and Life Satisfaction Changes Depending on Stigmatized Status. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550614552728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Members of stigmatized social groups are typically more authoritarian than their nonstigmatized or higher status counterparts. We draw on research demonstrating that authoritarianism compensates for the negative effects of stigma to predict that this endorsement will be more psychologically beneficial (and less harmful) for the stigmatized compared to their high-status counterparts. Consistent with this idea, data from the 2008 ( N = 2,322) and 2012 ( N = 5,916) American National Election Study indicate that for members of stigmatized social groups (low income, low education, and ethnic minority), authoritarian child rearing values have more positive psychological effects than for members of high-status groups. These results were robust to covariates, including demographics, religiosity, political ideology, and cognitive style.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P. J. Henry
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Geoffrey Wetherell
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA
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44
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Onraet E, Dhont K, Van Hiel A. The Relationships Between Internal and External Threats and Right-Wing Attitudes. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2014; 40:712-725. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167214524256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between threat and right-wing attitudes has received much research attention, but its longitudinal relationship has hardly been investigated. In this study, we investigated the longitudinal relationships between internal and external threats and right-wing attitudes using a cross-lagged design at three different time points in a large nationally representative sample ( N = 800). We found evidence for bidirectional relationships. Higher levels of external threat were related to higher levels of Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and to both the egalitarianism and dominance dimensions of Social Dominance Orientation at a later point in time. Conversely, higher levels of RWA were also related to increased perception of external threat later in time. Internal threat did not yield significant direct or indirect longitudinal relationships with right-wing attitudes. Theoretical and practical implications of these longitudinal effects are discussed.
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45
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Are Right-Wing Adherents Mentally Troubled? Recent Insights on the Relationship of Right-Wing Attitudes With Threat and Psychological Ill-Being. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0963721413514249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Classic views on right-wing attitudes suggest that right-wing adherents are characterized by psychological problems, such as deeply rooted anxieties and fundamental unhappiness. This perspective has gained much attention and has influenced the way researchers and even laypeople think about right-wing individuals. We reviewed recent accumulated evidence that suggests that right-wing attitudes are not “bad for the self” and that right-wing adherents have relatively normal mental lives. Specifically, we found that although right-wing adherents feel threatened by societal problems (external threat), they do not experience strong personal anxieties (internal threat). Moreover, our evidence showed that right-wing attitudes are weakly related to psychological ill-being. These findings are discussed in terms of the self-defensive function of right-wing attitudes, and a novel perspective that distinguishes between different levels of the self is proposed.
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Roccato M, Vieno A, Russo S. The Country'S Crime Rate Moderates the Relation between Authoritarian Predispositions and the Manifestations of Authoritarianism: A Multilevel, Multinational Study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/per.1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We performed a multilevel, multinational test of Stenner's model on authoritarianism using the 2008 European Values Survey dataset (N = 55 199, nested in 38 nations). We focussed on the effects exerted on four authoritarian manifestations (racial intolerance, political intolerance, negative attitudes towards immigrants, and moral intolerance) by the cross–level interaction between participants’ authoritarian predispositions (assessed in terms of childrearing values) and their country's crime rate. Associations between authoritarian predispositions and racial intolerance, political intolerance, negative attitudes towards immigrants, and moral intolerance were significantly stronger among participants living in countries characterised by high crime rates than those among participants living in countries with low crime rates. Limitations, implications, and future directions of this study are discussed. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Roccato
- Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Russo
- Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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Abstract
Recent years have seen a surge in psychological research on the relationship between political ideology (particularly conservatism) and cognition, affect, behaviour, and even biology. Despite this flurry of investigation, however, there is as yet no accepted, validated, and widely used multi-item scale of conservatism that is concise, that is modern in its conceptualisation, and that includes both social and economic conservatism subscales. In this paper the 12-Item Social and Economic Conservatism Scale (SECS) is proposed and validated to help fill this gap. The SECS is suggested to be an important and useful tool for researchers working in political psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim A. C. Everett
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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48
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Onraet E, Van Hiel A. When threat to society becomes a threat to oneself: Implications for right-wing attitudes and ethnic prejudice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 48:25-34. [DOI: 10.1080/00207594.2012.701747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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