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Higgins KE, Vinson AE, Petrini L, Kotha R, Black SA. Embracing Failure: Nurturing Learning and Well-Being in Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine. Int Anesthesiol Clin 2024; 62:15-25. [PMID: 38785110 DOI: 10.1097/aia.0000000000000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Failure, ubiquitous in life and medical practice, offers myriad opportunities for learning and growth alongside challenges to overall well-being. In this article, we explore the nature of failure, it's sources and impacts in perioperative medicine, and the specific challenges it brings to trainee well-being. With a deeper understanding of the societal, psychological and cognitive determinants and effects of failure, we propose solutions in order to harness the opportunities inherent in failures to create brave and supportive learning environments conducive to both education and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Elliott Higgins
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Amy E Vinson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Laura Petrini
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman, School of Medicine
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Rohini Kotha
- Department of Anesthesiology and Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida
| | - Stephanie A Black
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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2
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Horton CB, Mason MF. Getting curiouser and curiouser about creativity: The search for a nuanced model. Behav Brain Sci 2024; 47:e102. [PMID: 38770869 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x23003345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Ivancovsky et al. propose a novelty-seeking model linking curiosity to creativity. This commentary suggests integrating their work with a stage-based creativity model for additional insights. It also encourages readers to address knowledge gaps identified by the authors, including factors that trigger the pursuit of creative solutions. We aim to refine theory and direct future research to clarify the complex curiosity-creativity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Blaine Horton
- Columbia Business School, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA ://cbh2132.wixsite.com/websitehttps://business.columbia.edu/faculty/people/malia-mason
| | - Malia F Mason
- Columbia Business School, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA ://cbh2132.wixsite.com/websitehttps://business.columbia.edu/faculty/people/malia-mason
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Abatista AGF, Cova F. Are Self-transcendent Emotions One Big Family? An Empirical Taxonomy of Positive Self-transcendent Emotion Labels. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2023; 4:731-743. [PMID: 38156249 PMCID: PMC10751273 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, there has been a growing amount of research on so-called self-transcendent emotions, mainly in the domain of positive emotions. However, most candidate self-transcendent emotions (e.g., Awe, Gratitude, Being Moved, Wonder) have been studied in isolation, leaving the commonalities and the differences of their phenomenology unknown. In the present paper, we sought to identify the phenomenological nature of main families of self-transcendent emotions. We drew on two large datasets (N1 = 3,113; N2 = 1,443) in which participants had to recall an emotional episode or to watch emotional videos and had to report their emotions through a list of 40 emotion labels. Participants were also presented with a large list of items probing their cognitive appraisals, bodily feelings, and action tendencies. Using a principal component analysis, we identified three main dimensions of positive emotions: hedonic, social, and epistemic states. Candidate self-transcendent emotions were distributed across two dimensions, suggesting that at least two main different families of self-transcendent emotions should be distinguished. Our results also allowed us to identify self-reported cognitive appraisals, bodily feelings, and action tendencies characteristic of each family. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-023-00194-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Gaia F. Abatista
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Campus Biotech, Chemin Des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Philosophy, University of Geneva, Rue de Candolle 2, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Psychology Department, Université Grenoble Alpes, 1251 Avenue Centrale, 38400 Saint-Martin-d’Hères, France
| | - Florian Cova
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Campus Biotech, Chemin Des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Philosophy, University of Geneva, Rue de Candolle 2, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Philanthropy, University of Geneva, Rue du Général Dufour, 24, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Shin DD, Park Y, Lee M, Kim SI, Bong M. Are curiosity and situational interest different? Exploring distinct antecedents and consequences. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 93:1207-1223. [PMID: 37430428 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A controversy over the distinction between curiosity and situational interest has recently resurfaced. Nonetheless, empirical research comparing the two is noticeably lacking. AIMS We attempted to fill this gap and provide much-needed evidence of the distinction between curiosity and situational interest by examining the antecedents and consequences of the two constructs. METHODS We assessed enjoyment, novelty, uncertainty and surprise as potential antecedents and information seeking, individual interest, career intention and achievement as potential outcomes of curiosity and situational interest among 219 Korean sixth graders in the domain of science. RESULTS Of the hypothesized antecedents, enjoyment during science class related most strongly to students' situational interest in science, whereas novelty in science class related most strongly to students' science curiosity. Uncertainty and surprise in science class related to only science curiosity and not situational interest in science. Among the outcomes considered, situational interest in science related to only students' individual interest in science. In comparison, science curiosity related significantly to all science outcomes measured in this study. Science curiosity also significantly mediated the relationships between the antecedents and outcomes in science. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results support the distinction between curiosity and situational interest and suggest different ways to promote each motivation construct depending on desired outcomes in the science classroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajung Diane Shin
- Department of Education and the Brain and Motivation Research Institute (bMRI), Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonah Park
- Department of Education and the Brain and Motivation Research Institute (bMRI), Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minhye Lee
- Department of Education, Daegu National University of Education, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Kim
- Department of Education and the Brain and Motivation Research Institute (bMRI), Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mimi Bong
- Department of Education and the Brain and Motivation Research Institute (bMRI), Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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5
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Butcher HK. Cultivating Awe: A Means to Inspire Sciencing. Nurs Sci Q 2023; 36:325-332. [PMID: 37800706 DOI: 10.1177/08943184231187852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Awe is an emotion involving a feeling of being in the presence of something vast that transcends one's current understanding of the world and is associated with creating a sense of wonder and curiosity. The author explores how awe experiences can have a role in igniting and sustaining research endeavors, and how nurse researchers can cultivate everyday awe experiences as sources of inspiration when engaged in the art of nurse sciencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard K Butcher
- Professor, Director of PhD Program, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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Thompson J. NASA resilience and leadership: examining the phenomenon of awe. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1158437. [PMID: 37359869 PMCID: PMC10288108 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1158437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines how a phenomenon, awe, along with related resilience practices, is perceived by a NASA medical and mental health professional, who also serves in a leadership role, and how awe has impacted their work and personal life. Considering both their leadership role and how their work involves supporting the wellbeing of astronauts pre-mission, during missions, and post-mission, the potential impact of awe on the NASA expert has individual implications along with many others, especially in stressful environments. The results indicate that reflecting on awe experiences can support a person finding meaning and purpose in their life, evoke gratitude, increase social connectedness, promote optimism and other resilience skills in the moment, and generally have a sustainable positive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Thompson
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN, United States
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Thompson J, Jensen E. Hostage negotiator resilience: A phenomenological study of awe. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1122447. [PMID: 37113118 PMCID: PMC10127252 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1122447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Law enforcement crisis and hostage negotiators (CHNs) are tasked with resolving incidents that are stressful, unpredictable, and often dangerous. These negotiators must work as a team and be able to successfully utilize a variety of skills in order to gain the subject's voluntary compliance and peaceful surrender. It is necessary for negotiators to continually practice these skills while also, and importantly, care for their own wellbeing. This study examines how a phenomenon, awe, when viewed as a resilience practice, can support law enforcement crisis hostage negotiators with their crisis work and personal wellness. Utilizing phenomenological methodologies, the findings demonstrate that reflecting on awe experiences had an overall positive impact on the negotiators in both their professional and personal lives. Based on the results, it is suggested that awe practices could be incorporated into future negotiator trainings in order to increase resilience and assist negotiators personally and professionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Thompson
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Institute for Conflict Management, College of Leadership and Public Policy, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Elizabeth Jensen
- Clinical Psychology, Long Island University-Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY, United States
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Lee N, Lazaro V, Wang JJ, Şen HH, Lucca K. Exploring individual differences in infants' looking preferences for impossible events: The Early Multidimensional Curiosity Scale. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1015649. [PMID: 36817372 PMCID: PMC9931910 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1015649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants are drawn to events that violate their expectations about the world: they look longer at physically impossible events, such as when a car passes through a wall. Here, we examined whether individual differences in infants' visual preferences for physically impossible events reflect an early form of curiosity, and asked whether caregivers' behaviors, parenting styles, and everyday routines relate to these differences. In Study 1, we presented infants (N = 47, Mage = 16.83 months, range = 10.29-24.59 months) with events that violated physical principles and closely matched possible events. We measured infants' everyday curiosity and related experiences (i.e., caregiver curiosity-promoting activities) through a newly developed curiosity scale, The Early Multidimensional Curiosity Scale (EMCS). Infants' looking preferences for physically impossible events were positively associated with their score on the EMCS, but not their temperament, vocabulary, or caregiver trait curiosity. In Study 2A, we set out to better understand the relation between the EMCS and infants' looking preferences for physically impossible events by assessing the underlying structure of the EMCS with a larger sample of children (N = 211, Mage = 47.63 months, range = 10.29-78.97 months). An exploratory factor analysis revealed that children's curiosity was comprised four factors: Social Curiosity, Broad Exploration, Persistence, and Information-Seeking. Relatedly, caregiver curiosity-promoting activities were composed of five factors: Flexible Problem-Solving, Cognitive Stimulation, Diverse Daily Activities, Child-Directed Play, and Awe-Inducing Activities. In Study 2B (N = 42 infants from Study 1), we examined which aspects of infant curiosity and caregiver behavior predicted infants' looking preferences using the factor structures of the EMCS. Findings revealed that infants' looking preferences were uniquely related to infants' Broad Exploration and caregivers' Awe-Inducing Activities (e.g., nature walks with infants, museum outings). These exploratory findings indicate that infants' visual preferences for physically impossible events may reflect an early form of curiosity, which is related to the curiosity-stimulating environments provided by caregivers. Moreover, this work offers a new comprehensive tool, the Early Multidimensional Curiosity Scale, that can be used to measure both curiosity and factors related to its development, starting in infancy and extending into childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayen Lee
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Vanessa Lazaro
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jinjing Jenny Wang
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Hilal H. Şen
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland
- Department of Psychology, MEF University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kelsey Lucca
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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Hu J. Dispositional awe, meaning in life, and socially responsible consumption. SERVICE INDUSTRIES JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/02642069.2022.2154757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- School of Economics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Richesin MT, Baldwin DR. How Awe Shaped Us: An Evolutionary Perspective. EMOTION REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/17540739221136893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Research shows the experience of awe is associated with a variety of benefits ranging from increased well-being and prosocial behavior to enhanced cognition. The adaptive purpose of awe, however, is elusive. In this article, we aim to show that the current framework used to conceptualize awe points towards higher-order cognition as the key adaptive function. This goes against past evolutionary positions that posit social benefits or unidimensional behavioral adaptations. In the second half of the article, we highlight a distinct cognitive advantage of awe. The literature connecting awe and cognition is surveyed and used to develop a view that situates awe as a critical component in the cognitive success of the human species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Richesin
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, USA
| | - Debora R. Baldwin
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, USA
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The role of mindfulness and meaning in life in adolescents’ dispositional awe and life satisfaction: the broaden‑and‑build theory perspective. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Pérez KA, Lench HC, Thompson CG, North S. Experimental elicitations of awe: a meta-analysis. Cogn Emot 2022; 37:18-33. [PMID: 36331080 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2022.2140126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A meta-analytic review of studies that experimentally elicited awe and compared the emotion to other conditions (84; 487 effects; 17,801 participants) examined the degree to which experimentally elicited awe (1) affects outcomes relative to other positive emotions (2) affects experience, judgment, behaviour, and physiology, and (3) differs in its effects if the awe state was elicited through positive or threatening contexts. The efficacy of methods that have been used to experimentally elicit awe and the possibility of assessing changes in the state of the self with experimental awe elicitations were also examined. Meta-analyses with robust variance estimation revealed that awe affected outcomes compared to other positive emotions and control conditions; affected experience, judgment, and behaviour; and had similar effects if elicited through positive or threatening contexts. The ability to compare awe to negative emotion states and its effects on physiology was limited by a small number of available effects. Images, videos, autobiographical recall, and naturalistic exposure were effective in eliciting awe. Exploratory analyses suggested that some processes involved in changes in the self can be related to experimental awe elicitations. These findings suggest awe is a discrete emotion and identifies areas for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A. Pérez
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut—Avery Point, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Heather C. Lench
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Sophia North
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Zhang JW, Howell RT, Januchowski JA, Ramis T, Mello Z, Monroy M. Awe, Curiosity, and Multicultural Experience. J Pers 2022; 91:667-682. [PMID: 35929345 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite broad consensus about multicultural experience's benefits, there is a lack of research on the antecedents to multicultural experiences. Research has indicated that awe shifts attention away from the self towards larger entities, which could include elements of other cultures. METHODS Four studies (N = 2,915) tested whether trait, daily, and induced awe promoted multicultural experience. RESULTS Studies 1-2 (adolescents, young, middle, and older adults) showed that trait awe predicted greater multicultural identity and experience independent of other positive emotions and openness. Study 3 (students & adults in U.S. & Malaysia) demonstrated that daily awe predicted more daily multicultural experience independent of yesterday's multicultural experience. These results were explained by trait and daily curiosity. Study 4 (adults) found that induction of awe increased state multicultural identity and experience via state curious emotions and then state curious personality. CONCLUSION We found that experiencing more awe can be a tool for enhancing the multicultural experience. The discussion focuses on the implications for future research on awe and multicultural experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan T Howell
- Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University
| | | | - T Ramis
- Center for American Education, Sunway University
| | - Zena Mello
- Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University
| | - Maria Monroy
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
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When regular meets remarkable: Awe as a link between routine work and meaningful self-narratives. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2022.104139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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From aesthetics to ethics: Testing the link between an emotional experience of awe and the motive of quixoteism on (un)ethical behavior. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2022; 46:508-520. [PMID: 35340283 PMCID: PMC8935891 DOI: 10.1007/s11031-022-09935-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
According to the awe-quixoteism hypothesis, one experience of awe may lead to the engagement in challenging actions aimed at increasing the welfare of the world. However, what if the action involves damaging one individual? Across four experiments (N = 876), half participants were induced to feel either awe or a different (pleasant, activating, or neutral-control) emotion, and then decided whether achieving a prosocial goal (local vs. global). In the first three experiments this decision was assessed through a dilemma that involved to sacrifice one individual's life, additionally in Experiments 2 and 3 we varied the quality of the action (ordinary vs. challenging). In Experiment 4, participants decided whether performing a real helping action. Overall, in line with the awe-quixoteism hypothesis, the results showed that previously inducing awe enhanced the willingness to sacrifice someone (Experiments 1, 2 and 3) or the acceptance to help (Experiment 4) when the decision involved engaging in challenges aimed at improving the welfare of the world.
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Imaginary worlds are awesome: Awe provides a key to understanding the individual and social functions of imaginary worlds. Behav Brain Sci 2022; 45:e284. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x21002260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Awe arises when one experiences something so extraordinary that it defies current understanding, prompting efforts to comprehend the initially incomprehensible. We situate awe within Dubourg and Baumard's framework for the prevalence and psychological underpinnings of imaginary worlds. We argue that imaginary worlds are powerful catalysts of awe, which, in turn, drive important individual and social outcomes.
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Dixson DD, Gentzis EA. To Hope and Belong in Adolescence: A Potential Pathway to Increased Academic Engagement for African American Males. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/2372966x.2021.1985927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhang F, Feng S, Li J. How does future focus promote study engagement? A moderated mediation model of self‐esteem and dispositional awe. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Furong Zhang
- School of Management Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Shiting Feng
- School of Management Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Management Shanghai University Shanghai China
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20
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Sturm VE, Datta S, Roy ARK, Sible IJ, Kosik EL, Veziris CR, Chow TE, Morris NA, Neuhaus J, Kramer JH, Miller BL, Holley SR, Keltner D. Big smile, small self: Awe walks promote prosocial positive emotions in older adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 22:1044-1058. [PMID: 32955293 PMCID: PMC8034841 DOI: 10.1037/emo0000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging into later life is often accompanied by social disconnection, anxiety, and sadness. Negative emotions are self-focused states with detrimental effects on aging and longevity. Awe-a positive emotion elicited when in the presence of vast things not immediately understood-reduces self-focus, promotes social connection, and fosters prosocial actions by encouraging a "small self." We investigated the emotional benefits of a novel "awe walk" intervention in healthy older adults. Sixty participants took weekly 15-min outdoor walks for 8 weeks; participants were randomly assigned to an awe walk group, which oriented them to experience awe during their walks, or to a control walk group. Participants took photographs of themselves during each walk and rated their emotional experience. Each day, they reported on their daily emotional experience outside of the walk context. Participants also completed pre- and postintervention measures of anxiety, depression, and life satisfaction. Compared with participants who took control walks, those who took awe walks experienced greater awe during their walks and exhibited an increasingly "small self" in their photographs over time. They reported greater joy and prosocial positive emotions during their walks and displayed increasing smile intensity over the study. Outside of the walk context, participants who took awe walks reported greater increases in daily prosocial positive emotions and greater decreases in daily distress over time. Postintervention anxiety, depression, and life satisfaction did not change from baseline in either group. These results suggest cultivating awe enhances positive emotions that foster social connection and diminishes negative emotions that hasten decline. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia E Sturm
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Samir Datta
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Ashlin R K Roy
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Isabel J Sible
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Eena L Kosik
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Tiffany E Chow
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - John Neuhaus
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Sarah R Holley
- Department of Psychiatry, San Francisco State University
| | - Dacher Keltner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
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Aday JS, Davoli CC, Bloesch EK. Psychedelics and virtual reality: parallels and applications. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2020; 10:2045125320948356. [PMID: 32922734 PMCID: PMC7446267 DOI: 10.1177/2045125320948356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs and virtual reality (VR) each have the capacity to disrupt the rigidity and limitations of typical conscious experience. This article delineates the parallels among psychedelic and VR states as well as their potential synergistic applications in clinical and recreational settings. Findings indicate that, individually, psychedelics and VR are used in analogous ways to alter sensory experience and evoke awe. They are also both used in tandem with traditional therapies to treat a variety of mood disorders; their shared capacity to transiently alter perspective and disrupt rigid patterns of mental experience may underly their analogous and transdiagnostic therapeutic uses. In terms of their combined applications, a number of recreational users currently utilize psychedelics and VR together to enhance their experience. We propose that VR may be a useful tool for preparing hallucinogen-naïve participants in clinical trials for the sensory distortions experienced in psychedelic states. Given the critical role of "setting" in psychedelic treatment outcomes, we also detail how VR could be used to optimize the environment in psychedelic sessions. Finally, we provide considerations for future studies and detail how advancements in psychedelic and VR research can inform one another. Collectively, this article outlines a number of connections between psychedelics and VR, and, more broadly, is representative of growing scientific interest into the interactions among technology, psychopharmacology, and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S. Aday
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, 101 Sloan Hall, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858, USA
| | | | - Emily K. Bloesch
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
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