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Buchan MC, Richmond SA, Skinner K, Leatherdale ST. Identifying latent classes of physical activity profiles over time among adolescents in Ontario, Canada. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:856. [PMID: 38504203 PMCID: PMC10953222 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity behaviours are known to be highly correlated. Adolescents who participate in one type of physical activity (e.g., physical education) have a greater likelihood of participating in other physical activities (e.g., organized sports); however, little research has examined participation rates in various physical activity behaviours concurrently. This study identified longitudinal physical activity profiles among secondary school aged youth in Ontario, Canada. METHODS We used data from the COMPASS Study, a school-based prospective cohort study of adolescents in Canada. Using a repeated measures latent class analysis, Ontario students who participated in grade 9 PE in 2015-16 were analysed through to 2018-19 (n = 1,917). Latent classes were defined by: PE participation, guideline adherence (≥ 60 min/day of moderate to vigorous activity over the last 7 days), and sport participation (varsity, community, and/or intramural). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine associations between latent class membership and student characteristics. RESULTS Three distinct latent classes were identified for females and four were identified for males. These classes were: (1) Guidelines (high probability of guideline adherence; females: 44%; males: 16%), (2) PE & Sports (high probability of PE and sport participation; females: 33%; males: 43%), (3) Guidelines & Sports (high probability of guideline adherence and sport participation; females: 23%; males: 23%;), and (4) Inactive (low probability of all physical activity indicators; males: 18%). Strength training, sleep, and English grade were associated with class membership among females. Ethno-racial identity, weekly spending money, strength training, and English and math grades were associated with class membership among males. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that latent physical activity profiles differ by sex. Guideline adherence was the most common class among females, indicating high levels of independent physical activity, whereas PE & Sport participation was the most common class among males, indicating greater tendency towards organized activities. Additionally, a substantial number of male students were not engaging in any physical activity. Participation in both PE and sports did not necessarily lead to meeting physical activity guidelines, highlighting that these activities alone may not be providing sufficient levels of physical activity that align with current recommendations for Canadian youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Claire Buchan
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G5, Canada.
| | - Sarah A Richmond
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V2, Canada
| | - Kelly Skinner
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G5, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G5, Canada
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Glaser M, Green G, Barak S, Bord S, Levi S, Jakobovich R, Dunsky A, Zigdon A, Zwilling M, Tesler R. The effects of the Friendship Online Intervention Program on physical activity, substance abuse, psychosomatic symptoms, and well-being among at-risk youth. J Adolesc 2024; 96:251-265. [PMID: 37985148 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION At-risk youth are those who are currently or potentially exposed to physical, mental, or emotional danger. The Friendship Online Intervention Program (FOIP) was created to encourage physical activity (PA) and reduce risky behavior among vocational secondary-school youth in Israel. We wanted to evaluate the effect of FOIP on PA, substance abuse, and psychological factors, including psychosomatic symptoms and well-being. METHODS From October 2021 to June 2022, nonrandom sampling was employed to select at-risk youth from vocational secondary schools for participation in the FOIP. Before and after the intervention, questionnaires were administered to the intervention and control groups. The effects of FOIP were evaluated by univariate and multivariable analyses. RESULTS The intervention (n = 103) and control (n = 77) groups showed similar levels of PA, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption at the beginning of the study. At follow-up, the intervention group showed a 57% increase in PA versus no change for the control group and decreased levels of smoking compared to the control group (p < .001). Similarly, in the intervention group, the number of psychosomatic symptoms decreased (effect size = 1.68) and life satisfaction increased (effect size = 0.86). Group assignment (intervention or control group) significantly predicted PA level, cigarette smoking, psychosomatic symptoms, and life satisfaction (adjusted R2 = .46, .20, .08, and .28, respectively) with participants in the intervention group showing more favorable results compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS FOIP was effective in increasing PA and decreasing risky behaviors among youth. FOIP may help at-risk youth build resilience and promote their physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Glaser
- Department of Health Systems Management, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Health Promotion Research Center, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Gizell Green
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Sharon Barak
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Shiran Bord
- The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Jezreel Valley, Israel
| | - Sharon Levi
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ronit Jakobovich
- Department of Health Promotion, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ayelet Dunsky
- School of Human Movement and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute Academic College, Netanya, Israel
| | - Avi Zigdon
- Department of Health Systems Management, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Moti Zwilling
- Department of Economics and Business Administration, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Riki Tesler
- Department of Health Systems Management, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Health Promotion Research Center, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Glaser M, Green G, Zigdon A, Barak S, Joseph G, Marques A, Ng K, Erez-Shidlov I, Ofri L, Tesler R. The Effects of a Physical Activity Online Intervention Program on Resilience, Perceived Social Support, Psychological Distress and Concerns among At-Risk Youth during the COVID-19 Pandemic. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1704. [PMID: 36360432 PMCID: PMC9688810 DOI: 10.3390/children9111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 restrictions have led to social isolation affecting youth's health, particularly at-risk youth. OBJECTIVES We examined whether an online mentoring health intervention (OMHI) would strengthen characteristics that can prevent risky behaviors: resilience, perceived social support, psychological distress, and crisis concerns. METHODS Fifty-six secondary-school students participated, 27 in the intervention group and 29 in the control group (mean age 16.18, SD 0.83 vs. 16.62, SD 0.82, respectively). The study took place between March and August 2020. RESULTS The intervention group was less resilient pre-test, with similar resilience levels as the control group post-test. Intervention group participants presented a significantly higher crisis level pre- and post-test than the control group, as well as an increase in resilience (effect size = 1.88) and social support (effect size = 1.22), while psychological distress significantly decreased (effect size = -1.03). Both groups (intervention vs. control) predicted changes from pre-to-post test for resilience and crisis (adjusted R2 = 0.33, p = 0.001 and R2 = 0.49, p = 0.0001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS OMHI participation was associated with improved resilience and social support, and decreased psychological distress, making it an effective strategy in health promotion for at-risk youth. An online intervention program combining mentoring in physical activity and interpersonal connections may constitute an effective health promotion strategy for at-risk youth, especially in times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Glaser
- Department of Health Systems Management, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel
- Health Promotion & Wellbeing Research Center, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel
| | - Gizell Green
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel
| | - Avi Zigdon
- Department of Health Systems Management, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel
- Health Promotion & Wellbeing Research Center, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel
- Disaster Research Center, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel
| | - Sharon Barak
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5262000, Israel
| | - Gili Joseph
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Science, Seminar Kibbutzim College, Tel Aviv 6250769, Israel
| | - Adilson Marques
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kwok Ng
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Lani Ofri
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel
| | - Riki Tesler
- Department of Health Systems Management, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel
- Health Promotion & Wellbeing Research Center, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel
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Padial-Ruz R, Puga-González ME, Céspedes-Jiménez Á, Cabello-Manrique D. Determining Factors in the Use of Urban Parks That Influence the Practice of Physical Activity in Children: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3648. [PMID: 33807466 PMCID: PMC8037159 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The design and/or remodelling of urban parks is a good health strategy to alleviate the lack of physical activity (PA) in children and, consequently, the different health problems derived from this. The main objective of the present study was to obtain a systematic review of the design features and characteristics that influence users' visits to urban parks and the PA engagement in them. A literature search was carried out in the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases during the months of June and July 2020. After considering and applying inclusion criteria, the final review sample was formed of 31 scientific papers published between 2010-2020. The results obtained in the review lead us to conclude that the needs of the population (children and family members who care for them) and socio-economic context of the area in which they are built must be considered when constructing and/or remodelling parks. Involving community members in playground renovations can have a positive effect on park use and PA engagement in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Padial-Ruz
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
| | - Mª Esther Puga-González
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
| | - Álvaro Céspedes-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (Á.C.-J.); (D.C.-M.)
| | - David Cabello-Manrique
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (Á.C.-J.); (D.C.-M.)
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Associations between Feelings of Loneliness and Attitudes towards Physical Education in Contemporary Adolescents According to Sex, and Physical Activity Engagement. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155525. [PMID: 32751756 PMCID: PMC7432944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Currently, adolescents grow up consuming a large amount of multimedia content and lead a sedentary lifestyle. As a result, emerging trends show greater feelings of loneliness. The present research seeks to describe adolescents’ attitudes towards Physical Education (PE), indices of loneliness and physical activity (PA) engagement. Further, it analyses associations between attitudes towards PE as a function of PA engagement and considers sex, loneliness and school year repetition as factors. Method: A sample of 2388 adolescents (43.3% males and 56.6% females) was recruited. Participants were aged 11–17 years (M = 13.8 years; SD = 1.2) and came from Spain. The following instruments were used: The Attitudes towards Physical Education questionnaire (AQPE) in order to analyze attitudes towards PE, and the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness scale to estimate loneliness. Results: With regard to sex and attitudes towards PE, significant differences were detected in relation to the difficulty of PE, with higher values being achieved in males (M = 2.4) than females (M = 2.3). A medium correlation emerged between the dimension of loneliness and the usefulness of PE (r = 0.323 **). Conclusions: It is confirmed that adolescents who experience greater levels of emotional or relational loneliness have less positive attitudes towards PE.
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Effects of Physical Self-Concept, Emotional Isolation, and Family Functioning on Attitudes towards Physical Education in Adolescents: Structural Equation Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010094. [PMID: 31877747 PMCID: PMC6982151 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The present research seeks to define and contrast an explanatory model of physical self-concept, emotional isolation, attitude towards physical education, and family functioning, and analyse the existing associations between these variables. (2) Methods: The sample was made up of 2388 adolescents (43.39% male and 56.61% female), with ages of 11–17 years (M = 13.85; SD = 1.26) from Spain. Self-concept (AF-5), Isolation (UCLA), Attitude towards Physical Education (CAEF), and Family Functioning (APGAR) were analyzed. (3) Results: Good fit was obtained for all evaluation indices included in the structural equation model, which was significantly adjusted (χ2 = 233,023; DF = 14; p < 0.001; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.913; normalized fit index (NFI) = 0.917; incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.906; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.072). (4) Conclusions: Attitudes towards physical activity were found to be positive when isolation levels were low and where adequate self-concept existed, specifically in students reporting high family functioning.
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