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Batool Z, Qureshi U, Mushtaq M, Ahmed S, Nur-E-Alam M, Ul-Haq Z. Structural basis for the mutation-induced dysfunction of the human IL-15/IL-15α receptor complex. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:3020-3030. [PMID: 36607223 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03012h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In silico strategies offer a reliable, fast, and inexpensive, way compared to the clumsy in vitro approaches to boost understanding of the effect of amino acid substitution on the structure and consequently the associated function of proteins. In the present work, we report an atomistic-based, reliable in silico structural and energetic framework of the interactions between the receptor-binding domain of the Interleukin-15 (IL-15) protein and its receptor Interleukin-15α (IL-15α), consequently, providing qualitative and quantitative details of the key molecular determinants in ligand/receptor recognition. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the dynamic behavior of the specific binding between IL-15 and IL-15α followed by estimation of the free energies via molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA). In particular, residues Y26, E46, E53, and E89 of the IL-15 protein receptor-binding domain are identified as main hot spots, shaping and governing the stability of the assembly. These results can be used for the development of neutralizing antibodies and the effective structure-based design of protein-protein interaction inhibitors against the so-called orphan disease, vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahida Batool
- H.E.J Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.
| | - Urooj Qureshi
- H.E.J Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.
| | - Mamona Mushtaq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2457, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Nur-E-Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2457, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- H.E.J Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan. .,Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
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Kumar S, Duggineni VK, Singhania V, Misra SP, Deshpande PA. Unravelling and Quantifying the Biophysical– Biochemical Descriptors Governing Protein Thermostability by Machine Learning. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kumar
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Vinay Kumar Duggineni
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Vibhuti Singhania
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Swayam Prabha Misra
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Parag A. Deshpande
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
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Cell free protein synthesis versus yeast expression - A comparison using insulin as a model protein. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 186:105910. [PMID: 34089870 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Expression of recombinant proteins traditionally require a cellular system to transcribe and translate foreign DNA to a desired protein. The process requires special knowledge of the specific cellular metabolism in use and is often time consuming and labour intensive. A cell free expression system provides an opportunity to express recombinant proteins without consideration of the living cell. Instead, a cell free system relies on either a cellular lysate or recombinant proteins to carry out protein synthesis, increasing overall production speed and ease of handling. The one-pot cell free setup is commonly known as an in vitro transcription/translation reaction (IVTT). Here we focused on a PURE (Protein synthesis Using Recombinant Elements) IVTT system based on recombinant proteins from Escherichia coli. We evaluated the cell free system's ability to express functional insulin analogues compared to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a well-established system for large scale production of recombinant human insulin and insulin analogues. Significantly, it was found that correct insulin expression and folding was governed by the inherent properties of the primary amino acids sequence of insulin, whereas the eukaryotic features of the expression system apparently play a minor role. The IVTT system successfully produced insulin analogues identical in structure and with similar insulin receptor affinity to those produced by yeast. In conclusion we demonstrate that the PURE IVTT system is highly suited for expressing soluble molecules with higher order features and multiple disulphide bridges.
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Huang C, Wang Y, Xu X, Mills J, Jin W, Ghose S, Li ZJ. Hydrophobic property of cation-exchange resins affects monoclonal antibody aggregation. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1631:461573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Mills BJ, Kruger T, Bruncko M, Zhang X, Jameel F. Effect of Linker-Drug Properties and Conjugation Site on the Physical Stability of ADCs. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1662-1672. [PMID: 32027921 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The physical stability of antibody drug conjugates is dictated by the properties of the antibody, linker-drug, and conjugation site. Two linker-drugs were chosen that are different in terms of hydrophobicity and polar surface area to evaluate the effect of linker-drug properties on antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) behavior. Site-specific and non-site-specific conjugation was used to investigate the role of conjugation site in conformational and colloidal stability. Finally, 2 antibodies were selected to determine if the observed results were antibody-specific. The conformational stability is affected, with the highest degree of destabilization observed when conjugation results in the removal of interchain disulfide bonds. Although conformational destabilization occurred in the domain in which conjugation occurred and domains distinct from the conjugation site, no correlation could be drawn between linker-drug properties and conformational stability. Evaluation of aggregation by size exclusion HPLC confirmed a relationship between linker-drug hydrophobicity and aggregation propensity under thermal stress in all ADCs tested. The extent of aggregation was far greater in the conjugates generated with a more hydrophobic antibody, illustrating that the properties of both the antibody and linker-drug contribute to aggregation. These studies emphasize that the distinct properties of the molecule as a whole warrant a case-by-case evaluation of each ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney J Mills
- Drug Product Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064.
| | - Terra Kruger
- Drug Product Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064; Division of Pharmaceutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Milan Bruncko
- Global Biologics, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Global Biologics, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Feroz Jameel
- Drug Product Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064
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Gandhi AV, Randolph TW, Carpenter JF. Conjugation of Emtansine Onto Trastuzumab Promotes Aggregation of the Antibody-Drug Conjugate by Reducing Repulsive Electrostatic Interactions and Increasing Hydrophobic Interactions. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:1973-1983. [PMID: 30735687 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The impact of drug conjugation on intra- and intermolecular interactions of trastuzumab (TmAb) was determined by comparing the conformational and colloidal stabilities of TmAb and trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). In low ionic strength formulations, drug conjugation to native lysine residues of TmAb significantly reduced the repulsive electrostatic interactions between T-DM1 molecules. When these electrostatic interactions were screened in solutions with high ionic strength, intermolecular interactions between T-DM1 molecules were found to be more attractive than those between TmAb molecules. Drug conjugation lowered the colloidal stability of T-DM1 compared to TmAb, making T-DM1 more susceptible to agitation-induced aggregation. The presence of polysorbate-20 in the formulations inhibited aggregation of TmAb and T-DM1 induced by the hydrophobic air-water interface. Furthermore, the effect of increased hydrophobic interactions between T-DM1 molecules was studied by monitoring aggregation in TmAb and T-DM1 solutions that were incubated at 4°C, 25°C, and 50°C. Conjugating DM1 to TmAb increased the hydrophobicity of the molecule, and faster aggregation of T-DM1 at 50°C could be attributed to a temperature-dependent increase in hydrophobic interactions between T-DM1 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya V Gandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Theodore W Randolph
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - John F Carpenter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045.
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Yao Z, Zhou P, Su B, Su S, Ye L, Yu H. Enhanced Isoprene Production by Reconstruction of Metabolic Balance between Strengthened Precursor Supply and Improved Isoprene Synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:2308-2316. [PMID: 30145882 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Isoprene, as a versatile bulk chemical, has wide industrial applications. Here, we attempted to improve isoprene biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by simultaneous strengthening of precursor supply and conversion via a combination of pathway compartmentation and protein engineering. At first, a superior isoprene synthase mutant ISPSLN was created by saturation mutagenesis, leading to almost 4-fold improvement in isoprene production. Subsequent introduction of ISPSLN to strains with strengthened precursor supply in either cytoplasm or mitochondria implied an imperfect match between the synthesis and conversion of the isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP)/dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) pool. To reconstruct metabolic balance between the upstream and downstream flux, additional copies of diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase gene ( MVD1) and isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase gene ( IDI1) were introduced into the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial engineered strains. Finally, the diploid strain created by mating the above haploid strains produced 11.9 g/L of isoprene, the highest ever reported in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yao
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Pingping Zhou
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Bingmei Su
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Sisi Su
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Lidan Ye
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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