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Valencia A, Vergara C, Thio CL, Vince N, Douillard V, Grifoni A, Cox AL, Johnson EO, Kral AH, Goedert JJ, Mangia A, Piazzolla V, Mehta SH, Kirk GD, Kim AY, Lauer GM, Chung RT, Price JC, Khakoo SI, Alric L, Cramp ME, Donfield SM, Edlin BR, Busch MP, Alexander G, Rosen HR, Murphy EL, Wojcik GL, Carrington M, Gourraud PA, Sette A, Thomas DL, Duggal P. Trans-ancestral fine-mapping of MHC reveals key amino acids associated with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C in HLA-DQβ1. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:299-310. [PMID: 35090584 PMCID: PMC8874224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the MHC class II. We fine-mapped the MHC region in European (n = 1,600; 594 HCV clearance/1,006 HCV persistence) and African (n = 1,869; 340 HCV clearance/1,529 HCV persistence) ancestry individuals and evaluated HCV peptide binding affinity of classical alleles. In both populations, HLA-DQβ1Leu26 (p valueMeta = 1.24 × 10-14) located in pocket 4 was negatively associated with HCV spontaneous clearance and HLA-DQβ1Pro55 (p valueMeta = 8.23 × 10-11) located in the peptide binding region was positively associated, independently of HLA-DQβ1Leu26. These two amino acids are not in linkage disequilibrium (r2 < 0.1) and explain the SNPs and classical allele associations represented by rs2647011, rs9274711, HLA-DQB1∗03:01, and HLA-DRB1∗01:01. Additionally, HCV persistence classical alleles tagged by HLA-DQβ1Leu26 had fewer HCV binding epitopes and lower predicted binding affinities compared to clearance alleles (geometric mean of combined IC50 nM of persistence versus clearance; 2,321 nM versus 761.7 nM, p value = 1.35 × 10-38). In summary, MHC class II fine-mapping revealed key amino acids in HLA-DQβ1 explaining allelic and SNP associations with HCV outcomes. This mechanistic advance in understanding of natural recovery and immunogenetics of HCV might set the stage for much needed enhancement and design of vaccine to promote spontaneous clearance of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valencia
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Antioquia 050031, Colombia
| | - Candelaria Vergara
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chloe L Thio
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nicolas Vince
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Venceslas Douillard
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrea L Cox
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eric O Johnson
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Alex H Kral
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alessandra Mangia
- Liver Unit, Medical Sciences Department, Fondazione "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" IRCCS, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Valeria Piazzolla
- Liver Unit, Medical Sciences Department, Fondazione "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" IRCCS, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Shruti H Mehta
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gregory D Kirk
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Georg M Lauer
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jennifer C Price
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Salim I Khakoo
- University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Laurent Alric
- Internal Medicine-Department of Digestive Diseases, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse University, 1, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Brian R Edlin
- SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Michael P Busch
- University of California San Francisco and Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Graeme Alexander
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, The Royal Free Hospital, Pond St, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | | | - Edward L Murphy
- University of California San Francisco and Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Genevieve L Wojcik
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mary Carrington
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Pierre-Antoine Gourraud
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David L Thomas
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Priya Duggal
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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2
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Shao LN, Zhou SH, Wang N, Zhang ST, Liu M. Association between the Genetic Polymorphisms of CCL2, CCL5, CCL8, CCR2, and CCR5 with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the Chinese Han Population. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:1182-1197. [PMID: 33902378 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.1916524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global public health burden. Chronic HCV infection leads to the development of fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver failure over time.Methods: A total of 250 patients with chronic HCV infection and 299 healthy blood donors were recruited. Sixteen candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL5, CCL8, C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), and CCR5 were genotyped in all participants.Results: The rs1024610 AA genotype was significantly associated with decreased susceptibility to chronic HCV infection. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, AST/platelet ratio index, and the fibrosis 4 score were significantly lower in the CCL2 rs1024610 T allele and haplotype ATGC carriers. Moreover, expression levels of collagen IV (C-IV) and laminin (LN) were significantly higher in patients with the CCL5 rs2280788 C allele compared to the non-carriers. Similarly, the expression levels of C-IV, LN, and hyaluronic acid were significantly higher in patients with the CCL5 haplotype, TGCT. No significant differences were identified between the SNPs/haplotypes and plasma levels of CCL2, CCL5, CCL8, CCR2, and CCR5 in the healthy controls, and the rs1024610 allele alteration had no effect on CCL2 promoter activity.Conclusions: This is the first study to report an association between CCL2 rs1024610 and the risk of chronic HCV infection in the Chinese Han population. rs1024610 and ATGC haplotype in CCL2 were reasonable candidate markers of liver abnormalities. rs2280788 and TGCT haplotype in CCL5 are likely to play a significant role in liver fibrosis during chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ni Wang
- Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | | | - Ming Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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3
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El-Bendary M, Naemattalah M, Yassen A, Mousa N, Elhammady D, Sultan AM, Abdel-Wahab M. Interrelationship between Toll-like receptors and infection after orthotopic liver transplantation. World J Transplant 2020; 10:162-172. [PMID: 32742949 PMCID: PMC7360527 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v10.i6.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early microbial recognition by the innate immune system is accomplished by Toll-like receptors (TLRs), with resultant initiation of a pro-inflammatory response against infecting organisms. In spite of presence of an abundance of Toll-like receptors on the surface of the liver, gut bacteria does not elicit an inflammatory reaction in healthy individuals due to tolerance to these TLRs, suggesting that the inflammatory responses seen in the liver are the result of breakdown of this tolerance. While orthotopic liver transplantation is often life saving in many instances, death following this procedure is most commonly due to infection that occurs in up to 80% of transplant recipients, most commonly due to microbial causes in up to 70% of cases and viral infections in 20%, while fungal infections affect only 8% of cases. The probability of acquiring infection following hepatic transplantation is heightened due to affection of the innate immune defense mechanisms of the host following this procedure. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of TLRs have been associated with increased likelihood of either development of post-transplant infection or eradication of infecting organism. However, conflicting reports from other studies reveal that prevalence of this single nucleotide polymorphism is not increased in infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud El-Bendary
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Naemattalah
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Yassen
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Naser Mousa
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Dina Elhammady
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sultan
- Gastroenterology Surgical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Wahab
- Gastroenterology Surgical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
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4
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Neamatallah M, El-Bendary M, Elalfy H, Besheer T, El-Maksoud MA, Elhammady D, Abed S, Elegezy M, Kandeel L, Eldeib D, Mousa N, Abd El-Hafeez M, El-Gilany AH, Esmat G. Impact of Toll-like Receptors 2(TLR2) and TLR 4 Gene Variations on HCV Susceptibility, Response to Treatment and Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhotic HCV Patients. Immunol Invest 2019; 49:462-476. [PMID: 31615295 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1673772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims: Genetic polymorphisms of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been proposed to affect susceptibility to HCV infection and progression to end-stage liver disease. This study was conducted to clarify the association of SNPS of TLR2 and TLR4 with clinical outcome of hepatitis C, response to treatment and development of HCC.Methods: The current study examined 3295 individuals from 725 families that were categorized into groups comprising chronic HCV (CH), spontaneous viral clearance (SC) and control subjects. Treated patients were classified into responders (RT) and non-responders (NRT). In addition, patients with liver cirrhotic (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were also included. All subjects were genotyped for five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TLR2 and four SNPs of TLR4 and their haplotypes using allelic discrimination real-time PCR.Results: Results demonstrated strong association with allele A of rs13105517 of TLR2 and allele C of rs10116253 of TLR4 with CH in comparison to SC group. However, The peak of risk of HCC was observed with allele C of rs3804099 of TLR2 and C allele of rs10116253 TLR4 (p < 0.001).A strong association was found with allele T of rs1816702 of TLR2 and allele A of rs5030728 of TLR4 in non responder group in comparison to responders (p < 0.001). Haplotypes CAGT of TLR4 and ATAC of TLR2 showed significant association with CH and HCC groups in comparison to other groups.Conclusions: This study shows an association of minor alleles of TLR2 and TLR4 with outcome of HCV infection, response to therapy and development of HCC in cirrhotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Neamatallah
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El-Bendary
- Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hatem Elalfy
- Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Tarek Besheer
- Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd El-Maksoud
- Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dina Elhammady
- Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sally Abed
- Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elegezy
- Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa Kandeel
- Ministry of Health, Sherbeen General Hospital, Sherbeen city, Egypt
| | - Dalia Eldeib
- Biochemistry department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Naser Mousa
- Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Abdel-Hady El-Gilany
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Gamal Esmat
- Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Dewi SK, Ali S, Prasasty VD. Broad Spectrum Peptide Vaccine Design Against Hepatitis C Virus. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2019; 15:120-135. [PMID: 30280672 DOI: 10.2174/1573409914666181003151222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global burden. There is no peptide vaccine found as modality to cure the disease is available due to the weak cellular immune response and the limitation to induce humoral immune response. METHODS Five predominated HCV subtypes in Indonesia (1a, 1b, 1c, 3a, and 3k) were aligned and the conserved regions were selected. Twenty alleles of class I MHC including HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLAC types were used to predict the potential epitopes by using NetMHCPan and IEDB. Eight alleles of HLA-DRB1, together with a combination of 3 alleles of HLA-DQA1 and 5 alleles of HLA-DQB1 were utilized for Class II MHC epitopes prediction using NetMHCIIPan and IEDB. LBtope and Ig- Pred were used to predict B cells epitopes. Moreover, proteasome analysis was performed by NetCTL and the stability of the epitopes in HLA was calculated using NetMHCStabPan for Class I. All predicted epitopes were analyzed for its antigenicity, toxicity, and stability. Population coverage, molecular docking and molecular dynamics were performed for several best epitopes. RESULTS The results showed that two best epitopes from envelop protein, GHRMAWDMMMNWSP (E1) and PALSTGLIHLHQN (E2) were selected as promising B cell and CD8+ T cell inducers. Other two peptides, LGIGTVLDQAETAG and VLVLNPSVAATLGF, taken from NS3 protein were selected as CD4+ T cell inducer. CONCLUSION This study suggested the utilization of all four peptides to make a combinational peptide vaccine for in vivo study to prove its ability in inducing secondary response toward HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherly Kurnia Dewi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Soegianto Ali
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Vivitri Dewi Prasasty
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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6
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Marques PI, Gonçalves JC, Monteiro C, Cavadas B, Nagirnaja L, Barros N, Barros A, Carvalho F, Lopes AM, Seixas S. Semen quality is affected by HLA class I alleles together with sexually transmitted diseases. Andrology 2019; 7:867-877. [PMID: 31002754 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus includes several genes with key roles in antigen presentation and immune response, some of them inclusively found to be associated with non-obstructive azoospermia. Still, HLA connections to other infertility phenotypes such as semen hyperviscosity (SHV), asthenozoospermia (AST), and oligozoospermia (OLI) have been often neglected. OBJECTIVES In this work, we aimed to evaluate the association of HLA class I and II genes with SHV, AST, and OLI phenotypes while exploring a possible role in an adaptive immune response to sexually transmitted diseases (STD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed in a Portuguese cohort of 71 infertility cases and 68 controls, followed by HLA typing using a specific software-HLA*PRG:LA tool. Molecular screenings of seven STD were carried out in a subset of 72 samples (30 cases and 42 controls). RESULTS Statistical tests uncovered three protective alleles: HLA-A*11:01, associated with all forms of male infertility (p = 0.0006); HLA-DQB1*03:02 with SHV and OLI (PSHV = 0.0303, POLI = 0.0153); and HLA-A*29:02 with OLI (p = 0.0355), which was found to interfere in sperm number together with HPV (p = 0.0313). Five risk alleles were also identified: two linked with SHV (HLA-B*50:01, p = 0.0278; and HLA-C*06:02, p = 0.0461), another one with both SHV and OLI (HLA-DQA1*05:01, PSHV = 0.0444 and POLI =0.0265), and two with OLI (HLA-C*03:03, p = 0.0480; and HLA-DQB1*03:01, p = 0.0499). Here, HLA-C*03:03 carriers tend to be HPV infected. CONCLUSIONS The application of HLA*PRG:LA tool to the study of male infertility provided novel insights for an HLA correlation with semen quality, namely among SHV and OLI phenotypes. The discovery of an HLA-A*29:02/HPV crosstalk, together with former reports of HLA alleles conferring resistance-susceptibility to diverse human pathogens, raises the hypothesis of a mechanistic link between male infertility, HLA polymorphism, and host response to STD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I Marques
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - J C Gonçalves
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - C Monteiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - B Cavadas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Nagirnaja
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - N Barros
- Center for Reproductive Genetics Alberto Barros, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Barros
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Reproductive Genetics Alberto Barros, Porto, Portugal.,Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A M Lopes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - S Seixas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
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7
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Irshad M, Gupta P, Irshad K. Immunopathogenesis of Liver Injury During Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Viral Immunol 2019; 32:112-120. [PMID: 30817236 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2018.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present report describes current concepts about the mechanism of liver cell injury caused by host immune response against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in human beings. This report is based on the observations from experimental studies and follow-up actions on human liver diseases. The results from different investigations suggest that liver injury depends on the presentation of viral antigen and the level of host immune response raised against HCV-related peptides. Both innate and adaptive immunity are triggered to counter the viral onset. During development of host immunity, the cell-mediated immune response involving CD4+ Th1 cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) cells were found to play a major role in causing liver damage. The hepatic Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) subsets are involved in the immune regulation of different liver diseases: viral hepatitis, mechanical liver injury, and fibrosis. Humoral immunity and natural killer (NK) cell action also contributed in liver cell injury by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In fact, immunopathogenesis of HCV infection is a complex phenomenon where regulation of immune response at several steps decides the possibility of viral elimination or persistence. Regulation of immune response was noted starting from viral-host interaction to immune reaction cascade engaged in cell damage. The activation or suppression of interferon-stimulated genes, NK cell action, CTL inducement by regulatory T cells (Treg), B cell proliferation, and so on was demonstrated during HCV infection. Involvement of HLA in antigen presentation, as well as types of viral genotypes, also influenced host immune response against HCV peptides. The combined effect of all these effector mechanisms ultimately decides the progression of viral onset to acute or chronic infection. In conclusion, immunopathogenesis of liver injury after HCV infection may be ascribed mainly to host immune response. Second, it is cell-mediated immunity that plays a predominant role in liver cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Irshad
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- 2 Clinical Biochemistry Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Khushboo Irshad
- 3 Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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8
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El-Bendary M, Neamatallah M, Elalfy H, Besheer T, Kamel E, Mousa H, Eladl AH, El-Setouhy M, El-Gilany AH, El-Waseef A, Esmat G. HLA Class II-DRB1 Alleles with Hepatitis C Virus Infection Outcome in Egypt: A Multicentre Family-based Study. Ann Hepatol 2019; 18:68-77. [PMID: 31113612 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.7864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global medical problem. HLA -DRB1 alleles have an important role in immune response against HCV. The aim of this study is to clarify the contribution of HLA -DRB1 alleles in HCV susceptibility in a multicentre family-based study. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 162 Egyptian families were recruited in this study with a total of 951 individuals (255 with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), 588 persons in the control group(-ve household contact to HCV) and 108 persons who spontaneously cleared the virus (SVC). All subjects were genotyped for HLA -DRB1 alleles by SSP-PCR and sequence based typing (SBT) methods. RESULTS The carriage of alleles 3:01:01 and 13:01:01 were highly significant in CHC when compared to that of control and SVC groups [OR of 3 family = 5.1289, PC (Bonferroni correction ) = 0.0002 and 5.9847, PC = 0.0001 and OR of 13 family = 4.6860, PC = 0.0002 and OR = 6.5987, PC = 0.0001 respectively]. While DRB1*040501, DRB1*040101, DRB1*7:01:01 and DRB1*110101 alleles were more frequent in SVC group than CHC patients (OR = 0.4052, PC = 0.03, OR: OR = 0.0916,PC = 0.0006, OR = 0.1833,PC = 0.0006 and OR = 0.4061, PC = 0.0001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that among the Egyptian families, HLA-DRB1*030101, and DRB1*130101 alleles associated with the risk of progression to CHC infection, while DRB1*040101, DRB1*040501, DRB1*7:01:01and DRB1*110101 act as protective alleles against HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud El-Bendary
- Tropical Medicine & Hepatology, Mansoura Faculty Of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura,Dakahlyia, Egypt.
| | - Mustafa Neamatallah
- Medical Biochemistry, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlyia, Egypt
| | - Hatem Elalfy
- Tropical Medicine & Hepatology, Mansoura Faculty Of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura,Dakahlyia, Egypt
| | - Tarek Besheer
- Tropical Medicine & Hepatology, Mansoura Faculty Of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura,Dakahlyia, Egypt
| | - Emily Kamel
- Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlyia, Egypt
| | - Hend Mousa
- Biochemistry, Mansoura Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlyia, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hamid Eladl
- Internal Medicine Department, Alazhar Faculty of Medicine-Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Maged El-Setouhy
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, Ain Shams Faculty of Medicine. Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hady El-Gilany
- Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlyia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Waseef
- Biochemistry, Mansoura Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlyia, Egypt
| | - Gamal Esmat
- Tropical Medicine & Hepatology, Cairo Faculty of Medicine
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O'Brien TR, Yang HI, Groover S, Jeng WJ. Genetic Factors That Affect Spontaneous Clearance of Hepatitis C or B Virus, Response to Treatment, and Disease Progression. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:400-417. [PMID: 30287169 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections can lead to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Over the past decade, studies of individuals infected with these viruses have established genetic associations with the probability of developing a chronic infection, risk of disease progression, and likelihood of treatment response. We review genetic and genomic methods that have been used to study risk of HBV and HCV infection and patient outcomes. For example, genome-wide association studies have linked a region containing the interferon lambda genes to spontaneous and treatment-induced clearance of HCV. We review the genetic variants associated with HCV and HBV infection, and how these variants affect specific expression or activities of their products. Further studies of these variants could provide insights into risk factors for and mechanisms of chronic infection and disease progression, as well as new strategies for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R O'Brien
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Hwai-I Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sarah Groover
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Wen-Juei Jeng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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El-Bendary M, Neamatallah M, Elalfy H, Besheer T, El-Setouhy M, Youssef MM, Zein M, Elhammady D, Hegazy A, Esmat G. Association of genetic polymorphisms of chemokines and their receptors with clearance or persistence of hepatitis C virus infection. Br J Biomed Sci 2018; 76:11-16. [PMID: 30175654 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2018.1518299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms of certain genes may have an effect on either persistence of infection or spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV). We hypothesized that one or more variants of chemokines (CCL2 and CCL5) and chemokine receptors (CC chemokine receptor type 2 [CCR2]) genes are associated with the susceptibility to HCV infection. METHODS We recruited 1460 patients with chronic HCV (CHC), 108 subjects with spontaneous virus clearance (SVC) and 1446 individuals as a healthy control group. All were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms: rs13900 C/T of CCL2, rs3817655 T/A of CCL5 and rs743660 G/A and rs1799864 G/A of CCR2 using allelic discrimination real-time PCR technique. RESULTS The carriage of the A allele of CCR2 rs743660 was significantly higher in CHC compared to SVC (odds ratio [OR] 4.03) and to controls (1.42) and in controls compared to SVC (2.85) (all P < 0.01). Similarly, the A allele of CCR2 rs1799864 was significantly higher in the CHC group when compared with both SVC (1.97) and controls (2.13) (both P < 0.01), but the OR between controls and SVC was not significant (1.08, P = 0.723). Carriage of C allele of CCL2 rs13900 and the T allele of CCL5 rs3817655 were significantly higher in SVC group when compared with both CHC (OR = 0.19 and OR = 0.24, respectively) and control groups (OR = 0.65 and OR = 0.45, respectively [all P < 0.01]). CONCLUSIONS Susceptibility to HCV infection is associated with A alleles of both (rs743660 and rs1799864 G/A) of CCR2 while spontaneous clearance of HCV is associated with the C allele of rs13900 of CCL2 and T allele of rs3817655 of CCL5.
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Affiliation(s)
- M El-Bendary
- a Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - M Neamatallah
- b Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - H Elalfy
- a Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - T Besheer
- a Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - M El-Setouhy
- c Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Ain-Shams University , Cairo , Egypt.,d Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Jazan University , Jazan , Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Youssef
- e Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - M Zein
- e Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - D Elhammady
- a Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - A Hegazy
- f Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - G Esmat
- g Endemic Medicine and Endemic Hepatogastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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The relationship between human leukocyte antigen-DP/DQ gene polymorphisms and the outcomes of HCV infection in a Chinese population. Virol J 2017; 14:235. [PMID: 29212520 PMCID: PMC5719872 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-II gene polymorphisms have been reported to be related to Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and chronicity. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship of HLA-DP rs9277535 and HLA-DQ rs7453920 with the outcomes of HCV infection. Methods The rs9277535 and rs7453920 were genotyped in 370 subjects with chronic HCV infection, 194 subjects with spontaneous HCV clearance, and 973 subjects with non-HCV infection from the Chinese population using the ABI TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Results Logistic regression analyses showed that the minor allele A of rs7453920 significantly increased the susceptibility of HCV infection in dominant model (adjusted OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.04–1.71, P = 0.026) and additive models (adjusted OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.06–1.60, P = 0.012). Rs9277535 A allele significantly increased the risk of chronic HCV infection in dominant model (adjusted OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.01–2.28, P = 0.046). Haplotype AA showed a higher risk of HCV infection than the most frequent haplotype GG (adjusted OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.05–1.78, P = 0.018). Conclusion The HLA-DQ rs7453920 and -DP rs9277535 mutations were significantly associated with HCV infection susceptibility and chronicity, respectively. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-017-0901-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Zang F, Yao Y, Liu M, Fan H, Yue M, Chen M, Wang J, Yu R, Huang P. The association of LMP7 and TAP2 gene polymorphisms with treatment response to interferon/ribavirin in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1983-1990. [PMID: 29039469 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have highlighted the important role of genes related to antigen presentation in the spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus. The present study aimed to explore the association between TAP, LMP and tapasin gene polymorphism and treatment response in chronic hepatitis C virus (CHC) patients. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms in TAP, LMP and tapasin genes were genotyped among 352 Chinese genotype 1 CHC patients with pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin (pegIFN-α/RBV) treatment. There were 232 cases achieving sustained virological response (SVR), which yielded an SVR rate of 65.9%. LMP7 rs2071543 variant genotypes [additive model: odds ratio (OR), 0.52; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.33-0.82; P=0.005] and TAP2 rs1800454 variant genotypes (additive model: OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45‑0.98; P=0.039) were suggested to decrease the possibility of achieving an SVR. After conducting combined effect analysis of rs2071543 and rs1800454, the authors found that the SVR rate was lower among patients carrying more unfavorable rs1800454-A and rs2071543-A alleles, and the SVR rate of carrying 3-4 alleles was 20%. In addition, carrying two unfavorable alleles led to significantly decreased possibility for SVR (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.14-0.61; P=0.001). Multivariate stepwise analysis indicated that rs2071543, rs1800454, glucose, α-fetoprotein, platelets and baseline viral load were risk factors of SVR that were independent of each other. The area under the curve (AUC) consisting of all the above factors produced an AUC of 0.704 (95% CI, 0.647‑0.761; P<0.001). The line charts indicated that the drop in viral load was significantly faster in GG patients than in GC/CC patients during the whole therapy, which was in accordance with the decline of viral load in rs2071543. The present study illustrated that the carriage of LMP7 rs2071543-AA and TAP2 rs1800454-AA had a negative effect on treatment response to pegIFN-α/RBV among genotype 1 patient with CHC in a Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Yinan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Haozhi Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Ming Yue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Τhe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Basic and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Rongbin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
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