1
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Svoboda M, Huml O, Chomat P, Honzlova A, Illek J, Svobodova Z, Hofmannova L, Modra H. Accidental salinomycin intoxication in European fallow deer ( Dama dama L.). VET MED-CZECH 2024; 69:18-29. [PMID: 38465000 PMCID: PMC10919098 DOI: 10.17221/100/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Salinomycin, belonging to ionophore antibiotics, has been used as a feed additive for poultry for its coccidiostatic effect. Poisoning by ionophore antibiotics has been reported in cattle and other sensitive animals due to the replacement of medicated feed and/or accidental overdoses. The aim of this paper is to report the toxicity of salinomycin for fallow deer and to describe the different levels of sensitivity of cervids to this substance. In the presented case study, a medicated feed containing ivermectin used for deworming red deer and fallow deer was accidentally contaminated with sodium salinomycinate in a concentration of 252.6 mg/kg. The contaminated feed was consumed by the animals over a period of four days. The mortality of fallow deer within 12 days was 58%. No mortality was recorded in the red deer. In the affected animals, clinical signs associated with acute and congestive heart failure were observed. The biochemical examination indicated prerenal azotaemia caused by circulatory insufficiency and ion imbalance. The histological examination revealed pronounced focal acute cardiomyopathy and massive subacute myopathy in the skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Svoboda
- Ruminant and Swine Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oto Huml
- Vedilab Ltd Plzeň, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chomat
- Veterinary Clinic Dobrošovice, Sedlčany, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Honzlova
- State Veterinary Institute Jihlava, Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Illek
- Large Animal Clinical Laboratory, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Svobodova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Helena Modra
- Institute of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Li SC, Zhang M, Wang B, Li XT, Liang G. Coptisine Modulates the Pharmacokinetics of Florfenicol by targeting CYP1A2, CYP2C11 and CYP3A1 in the Liver and P-gp in the Jejunum of Rats: A Pilot Study. Xenobiotica 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37144948 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2211135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
1. Coptisine (COP) is the main active ingredient of Coptis chinensis. In Chinese veterinary clinics, Coptis chinensis is commonly used alongside florfenicol to treat intestinal infections. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of COP co-administration on the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in rats.2. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered COP (50 mg/kg BW) or sterile water for 7 consecutive days, followed by a single oral dose of florfenicol (25 mg/kg BW) on the 8th day. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol were analyzed using non-compartmental methods, while expression levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms in the liver and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the jejunum were measured using real-time RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses.3. Co-administration of COP and florfenicol significantly increased AUC(0-∞), MRT(0-∞), and Cmax of florfenicol, while CLz/F was significantly decreased. COP down-regulated the expression of CYP1A2, CYP2C11, and CYP3A1 in the liver, as well as P-gp in the jejunum.4. These findings suggest that co-administration of COP with florfenicol alters the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in rats. The down-regulation of CYP and P-gp expression may contribute to this effect. Therefore, the co-administration of COP with florfenicol may enhance the prophylactic or therapeutic efficacy of florfenicol in veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Cong Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Natural Medicine Research and GCP Experimental Animal Centre, Lezhi, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Natural Medicine Research and GCP Experimental Animal Centre, Lezhi, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Natural Medicine Research and GCP Experimental Animal Centre, Lezhi, China
| | - Xu-Ting Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Natural Medicine Research and GCP Experimental Animal Centre, Lezhi, China
| | - Ge Liang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Natural Medicine Research and GCP Experimental Animal Centre, Lezhi, China
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3
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Zhang M, Wang B, Li XT, Yin Q, Liang G, Li SC. Impact of tectoridin on the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol via targeting cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein of rats. Xenobiotica 2023; 53:429-437. [PMID: 37781957 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2261040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC, commonly used with florfenicol in Chinese veterinary clinics for respiratory tract infections, contains the major effective isoflavone, tectoridin (TEC). This study aimed to investigate the impact of TEC co-administration on the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in vivo.Male rats received oral TEC (50 mg/kg BW) or sterile water for seven days, followed by a single oral dose of florfenicol (25 mg/kg BW) on the 8th day. Non-compartmental methods analysed the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol, while real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses measured expression levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms in the liver and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the jejunum.TEC significantly decreased florfenicol's AUC(0-∞), MRT(0-∞), t1/2z, Vz/F, and Cmax by 24.75%, 18.43%, 55.47%, 43.05%, and 19.48%, while increasing CLz/F by 33.33%. TEC also up-regulated hepatic CYP1A2 and CYP3A1 mRNA expression, as well as intestinal MDR1, by 1.39-fold, 1.85-fold, and 1.65-fold. This coincided with a respective increase in protein expression by 1.37-fold, 1.39-fold, and 1.43-fold.These findings suggest that TEC-induced alterations in the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol may be attributed to increased CYP and P-gp expression. Further investigations are warranted to understand the implications of these findings on the clinical effectiveness of florfenicol in veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Natural Medicine Research and GCP Experimental Animal Centre, Lezhi, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Natural Medicine Research and GCP Experimental Animal Centre, Lezhi, China
| | - Xu-Ting Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Natural Medicine Research and GCP Experimental Animal Centre, Lezhi, China
| | - Qin Yin
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ge Liang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Natural Medicine Research and GCP Experimental Animal Centre, Lezhi, China
| | - Si-Cong Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Natural Medicine Research and GCP Experimental Animal Centre, Lezhi, China
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4
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Wang X, Liu W, Zhang D, Jiao Y, Zhao Q, Liu Y, Shi W, Bao Y. Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharides alleviate florfenicol-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in chick livers by regulating phagosome signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114428. [PMID: 36516627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Florfenicol (FFC) is a commonly used antibiotic in animal breeding, especially in broiler breeding. Previous studies found that FFC could affect the liver function of chickens. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of FFC on liver function are still not completely clear. Moreover, the research on drugs that antagonize FFC hepatotoxicity is relatively lacking. Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharides (SMPs) have been proved to have obvious liver protection effects. Therefore, we exposed chicks to FFC at the clinically recommended dose of 0.15 g/L. At the same time, 0.15 g/L FFC and 5 g/L SMPs were given to another group of chicks. After 5 days of continuous administration, the livers of chicks from different treatment groups were sequenced by transcriptome and proteome. Based on the analysis of sequencing data, we also focused on the detection of inflammation and oxidation indicators related to the phagosome signaling pathway with significant enrichment of differential factors in the livers of chicks. The results showed that some significantly differentially expressed genes and proteins induced by FFC were enriched in the phagosome signaling pathway, and they increased the expression levels of inflammatory factors and peroxides. However, SMPs intervention significantly reversed the tendency of FFC to alter phagosome signaling pathways and reduced the expression levels of inflammatory factors and peroxides. In conclusion, FFC caused liver inflammation and oxidative stress in chicks by regulating the phagosome signaling pathway. Meanwhile, SMPs could improve the adverse effects of FFC on the phagosome signaling pathway. This study provided new insights into the ameliorative effects and mechanisms of SMPs on hepatotoxicity of FFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yulan Jiao
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Provincial Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Baoding 071000, China; Ringpu (Baoding) Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Baoding 071031, China
| | - Qianhui Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wanyu Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Provincial Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Provincial Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Technology Innovation Center, Baoding 071000, China.
| | - Yongzhan Bao
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Provincial Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Baoding 071000, China.
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5
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Zhao J, Luan Y, Chen Y, Cheng L, Qin Q. Toxicological and transcriptomic-based analysis of monensin and sulfamethazine co-exposure on male SD rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 245:114110. [PMID: 36155339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic residue has become an emerging environmental contaminant, while the toxicological effects and underlying mechanisms caused by the co-exposure to multiple veterinary antibiotics were rarely studied. In this study, male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to monensin (M) (1, 2, 10 mg/(kg·body weight (BW)) combined with sulfamethazine (S) (60, 120, 600 mg/(kg·BW)) or single drugs for 28 consecutive days. The body weight, hematological and blood biochemical parameters, organ coefficients, and histopathology were analyzed to discover their combined toxicity effect. Transcriptomic analysis was used to reveal the possible mechanisms of their joint toxicity. Compared with the control group, the weight gain rate was significantly reduced in the H-M+S and H-S, and alkaline phosphatase in H-M+S was significantly increased. Furthermore, relative liver and kidneys weight was significantly increased, and the liver of H-M+S showed more severe lesions in histopathological analysis. For H-M+S, H-M and H-S, transcriptomic results showed that 344, 246, and 99 genes were differentially expressed, respectively. The Gene Ontology terms mainly differ in sterol biosynthetic process and steroid hydroxylase activity. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathways showed abnormal retinol metabolism, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, and drug metabolism-cytochrome 450; the common 30 genes were screened from the network of protein-protein interaction. The results showed that mixed contamination of M and S produces hepatotoxicity by interfering with linoleic acid metabolism, retinol metabolism and CYP450 enzyme-dominated drug metabolism. Further analysis showed that Cyp1a2, Cyp2c61, Ugt1a3, and Ugt1a5 might be the key genes. These findings could provide more evidence for investigating the toxic effects and metabolism of mixed antibiotics contamination in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Yehui Luan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Yanan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Linli Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; National Reference Laboratory on Residue of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing 100093, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Source Food Safety Testing Technology, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Qianxi Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China.
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6
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Gholami‐Ahangaran M, Karimi‐Dehkordi M, Namjoo A, Shojaei H, Ahmadi‐Dastgerdi A. The co-administration effects of florfenicol and lasalocid on performance, biochemical and pathological parameters of muscle, heart, liver, kidney and sciatic nerve in broiler chickens. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:211-218. [PMID: 34498431 PMCID: PMC8788961 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to examine the effect of simultaneous application of florfenicol and lasalocid on the performance and vital organ function of chickens. For this, 300 chicks were divided into four groups. Group one to three received florfenicol, lasalocid and lasalocid plus florfenicol, respectively. Group four as the control group received a basic diet without lasalocid or florfenicol. Lasalocid was used from 7 to 35 days old, continuously. Florfenicol was used at 21 days old for 5 days. The growth indices were measured at the end of each week. The chickens were euthanized at the ages of 28 and 35 days old after collecting blood samples with and without anticoagulants. The liver, heart, muscle, kidney and sciatic nerve were collected in formalin 10% for histopathological examination. The blood and serum samples were used to determine clinical pathologic and hematologic indices. The ratio of internal organs to body weight and ratio of the right ventricle to the total ventricles (RV/TV) of the heart was measured. Results showed, the use of lasalocid decreased feed conversion rate and triglyceride, and increased total protein. Simultaneous administration of lasalocid and florfenicol affected histopathology of the liver and heart and significantly increased creatine phosphokinase, uric acid and the ratio of RV/TV of heart. The eosinophil percentage in the chickens who received florfenicol plus lasalocid was significantly higher than chickens who received florfenicol alone (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it seems that simultaneous administration of the florfenicol and lasalocid induces side-effects especially on cardiac function and it is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Gholami‐Ahangaran
- Department of Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineShahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Maryam Karimi‐Dehkordi
- Department of Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineShahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Abdolrasul Namjoo
- Department of Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineShahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Hasan Shojaei
- Graduated of Veterinary Medicine FacultyShahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Asiye Ahmadi‐Dastgerdi
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyArdestan BranchIslamic Azad UniversityArdestanIran
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7
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Li S, Wang B, Zhang M, Yuan D, Li J, Li X, Liang G. Effects of berberine on the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and levels of cytochrome P450 3A37, multidrug resistance 1, and chicken xenobiotic-sensing orphan nuclear receptor mRNA expression in broilers. Vet Med Sci 2021; 8:619-625. [PMID: 34766459 PMCID: PMC8959326 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine (BBR) is always used in combination with florfenicol for treating avian in China. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effects of BBR on the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in broilers. METHODS Male broilers were randomly divided into the control group and the BBR group (BG). Note that 50 mg/kg BBR or sterile water was orally administrated to broilers. On the 8th day, florfenicol [30 mg/kg body weight (BW)] was orally administered to broilers in both groups. The plasma concentrations of florfenicol were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A37, multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1), and chicken xenobiotic-sensing orphan nuclear receptor (CXR) mRNA expression in the liver and jejunum were determined by the real-time PCR. RESULTS The results showed that the Cmax , t1/2z , MRT(0-∞) , and AUC(0-∞) of florfenicol in BG were significantly increased (by 55.71%, 28.32%, 35.19%, and 55.62%, respectively), while the Tmax and CLz/F of florfenicol were significantly decreased (by 52.13% and 35.82%, respectively). In BG, the levels of CYP3A37, MDR1, and CXR mRNA expression in the liver were significantly decreased to 0.72-fold, 0.67-fold, and 0.59-fold, respectively, and the corresponding mRNA expression in the jejunum were significantly decreased to 0.66-fold, 0.55-fold, and 0.64-fold levels, respectively, relative to their levels in the control group. CONCLUSIONS BBR altered the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol, probably related to its inhibition of CYP3A37, MDR1, and CXR mRNA expression in the jejunum and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Li
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Dingsheng Yuan
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jinliang Li
- Sichuan Dingjian Animal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xuting Li
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Ge Liang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, P. R. China
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8
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Li X, Li S, Wang B, Zhang M, Yuan D, Li J, Liang G. Borneol influences the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol through regulation of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), CYP2C11, CYP3A1, and multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) mRNA expression levels in rats. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1338-1344. [PMID: 34176823 PMCID: PMC8437715 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Borneol is a traditional Chinese medicine. In Chinese veterinary clinics, borneol and its
related compounds are often used in combination with florfenicol to treat respiratory
infections. This study investigated whether the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in rats
was affected by its concomitant use with borneol. Sprague-Dawley rats were
intragastrically administered borneol (50 mg/kg body weight (BW)) or 0.5%
carboxymethyl-cellulose sodium for 7 consecutive days, and then intragastrically
administered florfenicol (25 mg/kg BW) on the eighth day. Pharmacokinetic studies showed
that borneol significantly decreased the area under the concentration-time curve from zero
to infinity (AUC(0-t)), time to reach peak concentration (Tmax), and
the peak concentration (Cmax) values of florfenicol, whereas the values of mean
residence time from zero to infinity (MRT(0-t)), elimination half-life
(t1/2z), apparent volume of distribution fraction of the dose absorbed (Vz),
and plasma clearance fraction of the dose absorbed (CLz) were increased significantly.
Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) and cytochrome
P450 3A1 (CYP3A1) in the jejunum and of CYP1A2 and CYP2C11 in the liver were significantly
upregulated by borneol. In conclusion, borneol decreased absorption, increased clearance,
improved distribution, and increased the mean residence time of florfenicol in rats,
possibly through regulating the mRNA expression levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes and
efflux transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuting Li
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Sicong Li
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Dingsheng Yuan
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Jinliang Li
- Sichuan Dingjian Animal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 19 7th East Road, Checheng, Longquanyi, Chengdu 610100, PR China
| | - Ge Liang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China
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9
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Gray P, Jenner R, Norris J, Page S, Browning G. Antimicrobial prescribing guidelines for poultry. Aust Vet J 2021; 99:181-235. [PMID: 33782952 PMCID: PMC8251962 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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10
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Kimminau E, Russo K, Karnezos T, Oh H, Lee J, Tate C, Baxter J, Berghaus R, Hofacre C. Bacteriophage in-feed application: A novel approach to preventing Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in chicks fed experimentally contaminated feed. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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11
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Elgeddawy SA, Shaheen HM, El-Sayed YS, Abd Elaziz M, Darwish A, Samak D, Batiha GE, Mady RA, Bin-Jumah M, Allam AA, Alagawany M, Taha AE, El-Mleeh A, El-Sayed SAA, Abd El-Hack ME, Elnesr SS. Effects of the dietary inclusion of a probiotic or prebiotic on florfenicol pharmacokinetic profile in broiler chicken. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:549-557. [PMID: 32017274 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of prebiotic or probiotic as feed additives on florfenicol kinetic in broilers feed. Unsexed two hundred, thirty-five-day-old broiler chickens, were put in four equal groups (n = 50). The first group was administrated florfenicol intravenous at 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) only once dosage without pre- or probiotic administration to determine the bioavailability. While, the second group was administrated florfenicol (intracrop routes; a dosage of 30 mg/kg BW for five progressive days) without pre- or probiotic co-administration. The third and the fourth groups were administrated the same dose of florfenicol (intracrop route) for five successive days, followed by 10 days of prebiotic or probiotic treatment respectively. The plasma florfenicol % was identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) after the first florfenicol administration (intravenous or intracrop routes) in all groups. Then, the residual levels of florfenicol were determined in liver, kidney and muscle tissues from the second, third and fourth groups which were exposed to florfenicol orally. Our results demonstrated that broilers pre-treated with prebiotic or probiotic significantly increased Cmax , AUC0- t , AUC0-inf as well as AUMC values, while significant drop was recorded in V/F and CL/F. Prebiotic or probiotic influenced the cumulative effect of florfenicol in liver and kidney tissues of treated birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy A Elgeddawy
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hazem M Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Magdy Abd Elaziz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Darwish
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia Samak
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Gaber E Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Mady
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - May Bin-Jumah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Amany El-Mleeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Sabry A A El-Sayed
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Shaaban S Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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12
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Abafe OA, Gatyeni P, Matika L. A multi-class multi-residue method for the analysis of polyether ionophores, tetracyclines and sulfonamides in multi-matrices of animal and aquaculture fish tissues by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:438-450. [PMID: 31917650 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1705399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) based multiclass multi-residue method for the simultaneous analysis of 5 polyether ionophores, 4 tetracycline and 10 sulfonamides in animal and aquaculture fish tissues was developed and validated. Sample extraction and clean-up were based on a modified QuEChERS method. The method was validated using an in-house validation based on performance characteristics modified from Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Both matrix effect and uncertainties associated with sample preparation and instrumental analysis were minimised by the use of matrix-matched calibrations. Recoveries of analytes were generally satisfactory and typically fell between 80% and 113%. The repeatability and intermediate reproducibility measured as relative standard deviations were in most cases less than 15% (n = 63). The decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) ranged from 110.7 to 125.8 and 121.5 to 151.7 µg kg-1 for tetracyclines, 113.4 to 118.3 and 116.8 to 126.5 µg kg-1 for sulfonamides and 50.8 to 52.4 and 51.5 to 55.6 µg kg-1 for polyether ionophores, respectively. The method displayed its fitness for purpose through satisfactory results obtained in international proficiency testing schemes. The method was applied to animal and aquaculture fish tissues obtained from different sources in South Africa. Polyether ionophores were predominantly detected in samples in the range 4.26-290.10 µg/kg. Oxytetracycline was found in one porcine liver sample; however, none of the targeted analytes were present above the detection limit in the aquaculture samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovokeroye A Abafe
- Department of Chemical Residue Analysis, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Pumza Gatyeni
- Department of Chemical Residue Analysis, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lungile Matika
- Department of Chemical Residue Analysis, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
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13
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Li XT, Li SC, Wang B, Yang R, Zhang M, Li JL, Huang W, Cao L, Xiao SY. Effects of baicalin on pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and mRNA expression of CYP1A2, CYP2C11, CYP3A1, UGT1A1, MDR1, and ABCC2 in rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_261_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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14
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Li S, Li X, Yang R, Wang B, Li J, Cao L, Xiao S, Huang W. Effects of anemoside B4 on pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and mRNA expression of CXR, MDR1, CYP3A37 and UGT1E in broilers. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1804-1809. [PMID: 31611492 PMCID: PMC6943327 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsatillae radix, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is often used
in combination with florfenicol for treatment of intestinal infection in Chinese
veterinary clinics. Anemoside B4 (AB4) is the major effective saponin in
Pulsatillae radix. This study aimed to investigate whether the
pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in broilers was affected by the combination of AB4. In
this study, broilers were given AB4 (50 mg/kg BW), or 0.9% sodium chloride solution by
oral administration for 7 days. They were then fed florfenicol orally (30 mg/kg BW) on the
eighth day. The results showed that the AUC(0-∞), MRT(0-∞),
t1/2z and Cmax of florfenicol were significantly decreased, and
the Vz/F and CLz/F were significantly increased by AB4; the mRNA expression levels of CXR,
CYP3A37 and MDR1 (except CXR and CYP3A37 in the liver) were up-regulated by AB4. In
conclusion, AB4 altered the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol, resulting in lower plasma
concentrations of florfenicol, this was probably related to the mRNA expression of CXR,
CYP3A37 and MDR1 in the jejunum and liver (except CXR and CYP3A37) increased by AB4. The
implications of these findings on the effect of traditional Chinese medicine containing
AB4 on the effectiveness of florfenicol in veterinary practice deserve study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Li
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang district, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang district, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Xuting Li
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang district, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang district, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Rui Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang district, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang district, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang district, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang district, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Jinliang Li
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang district, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang district, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Liang Cao
- Sichuan Dingjian Animal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 19 7th East Road, Checheng, Longquanyi district, Chengdu 610100, PR China
| | - Songyang Xiao
- Sichuan Dingjian Animal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 19 7th East Road, Checheng, Longquanyi district, Chengdu 610100, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Sichuan Dingjian Animal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 19 7th East Road, Checheng, Longquanyi district, Chengdu 610100, PR China
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15
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Wang X, Zhao J, Wei S, Wang C, Zhang L, Wang M, Liu Y, Fei C, Xue F, Zhang K. Determination of ethanamizuril, a novel triazine coccidiostat, in rat plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography system-tandem mass spectrometry and its application in a toxicological study. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4652. [PMID: 31322281 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ethanamizuril is a new triazine compound that has the potential to be a novel anticoccidial drug. Toxicological studies in experimental rats were performed to understand the safety profile of ethanamizuril for drug product development. In this study, a novel, selective and accurate ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed for the determination of ethanamizuril concentrations in rat plasma. With 4-nitro-o-cresol as an internal standard, sample pretreatment involved a one-step extraction with acetonitrile of 100 μL plasma. The detection was carried out by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in negative ion mode with selected ion recording. The standard curves were linear (r2 ≥ 0.999) over the concentration range of 0.1-100 μg/mL. The relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 8.4 and 8.87%, respectively. The mean extraction recovery of ethanamizuril from rat plasma was 97.68-102.57%. The method was fully validated and successfully applied to monitor plasma concentrations of ethanamizuril in a short-term toxicity study and two-generation reproduction toxicity study. The result of the study confirmed that the elimination of ethanamizuril in rats is slow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuya Wei
- School of Biological Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenzhong Fei
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feiqun Xue
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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16
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Liu Y, Guo L, Zloh M, Zhang Y, Huang J, Wang L. Relevance of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein to Pharmacokinetics of Florfenicol in Chickens: A Perspective from In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103165. [PMID: 30326566 PMCID: PMC6214120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Florfenicol (FFC) is a valuable synthetic fluorinated derivative of thiamphenicol widely used to treat infectious diseases in food animals. The aims of the study were to investigate whether FFC is a substrate for the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and whether the transporter influences oral availability of FFC. In vitro transport assays using MDCK-chAbcg2 cells were conducted to assess chicken BCRP-mediated transport of FFC, while in vivo pharmacokinetic experiments with single or combined BCRP inhibitor gefitinib were employed to study the role of BCRP in oral FFC disposition. According to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria, FFC was found to be a potential BCRP substrate due to the net efflux ratio being over 2.0 (2.37) in MDCK cells stably transfected with chicken BCRP and the efflux completely reversed by a BCRP inhibitor (Gefitinib). The molecular docking results indicated that florfenicol can form favorable interactions with the binding pocket of homology modeled chicken BCRP. Pharmacokinetic studies of FFC in different aged broilers with different expression levels of BCRP showed that higher BCRP expression would cause a lower Area Under Curve (AUC) and a higher clearance of FFC. In addition, more extensive absorption of florfenicol after the co-administration with gefitinib (a BCRP inhibitor) was observed. The overall results demonstrated that florfenicol is a substrate of the chicken breast cancer resistant protein which in turn affects its pharmacokinetic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Li Guo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Mire Zloh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Business Academy, Trg Mladenaca 5, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jinhu Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China.
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17
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Chang KC, Tsai CE. Bioequivalence evaluation of Florfenicol pharmaceutics in pigs using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1448869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Chang
- Division of Animal Industry, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-En Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC
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18
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Rychen G, Aquilina G, Azimonti G, Bampidis V, de Lourdes Bastos M, Bories G, Chesson A, Cocconcelli PS, Flachowsky G, Kolar B, Kouba M, Puente SL, López-Alonso M, Mayo B, Ramos F, Saarela M, Villa RE, Wallace RJ, Wester P, Brantom P, Halle I, van Beelen P, Holczknecht O, Vettori MV, Gropp J. Safety and efficacy of Sacox ® microGranulate (salinomycin sodium) for chickens for fattening and chickens reared for laying. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04670. [PMID: 32625262 PMCID: PMC7009979 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinomycin sodium (SAL-Na) is active against certain Gram-positive bacteria, while Gram-negative species are resistant. SAL-Na at the proposed concentration is unlikely to increase shedding of Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Campylobacter and or induce resistance and cross-resistance to antimicrobials important in human and animal therapy. SAL-Na is safe for chickens for fattening at 70 mg/kg complete feed, for chickens reared for laying at 50 mg/kg complete feed in the first 12 weeks of life. The simultaneous use of SAL-Na and certain antibiotic drugs (e.g. tiamulin) is contraindicated. SAL-Na is absorbed and extensively metabolised. Metabolites have reduced ionophoric activity. SAL is the marker residue (MR). No residues in eggs are expected. SAL-Na is not genotoxic and not a carcinogen. A NOAEL of 0.5 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day is derived from a cardiovascular study in dogs as well as from a 12-month dog study. Consumer exposure complies with an acceptable daily intake of 0.005 mg SAL/kg bw after 1 h withdrawal. A withdrawal time and maximum residue limits are not considered necessary. SAL-Na from Sacox® is not an irritant to skin and eyes; it is a potential sensitiser to skin and the respiratory tract. A toxicological risk by inhalation for persons handling the additive cannot be excluded. SAL-Na in feed for chickens will not pose a risk for the aquatic environment. A risk for the terrestrial ecosystem is considered unlikely due to metabolisation and the rapid degradation of SAL in the environment. SAL-Na at a minimum concentration of 50 mg/kg complete feed is an effective coccidiostat for chickens for fattening. This conclusion is extended to chickens reared for laying. SAL-Na in Sacox® 120 microGranulate and Sacox® 200 microGranulate is considered bioequivalent with respect to its anticoccidial effect.
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19
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Geng ZX, Li HM, Tian J, Liu TF, Yu ZG. Study of pharmacokinetics of an in situ forming gel system for controlled delivery of florfenicol in pigs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2015; 38:596-600. [PMID: 25771961 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To reduce florfenicol (FFC) administration frequency in veterinary use, the drug was currently developed into in situ forming gel. Twelve pigs were randomly divided into two groups (six pigs per group). A single i.m. dose of 40 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) was given to pigs, group one was given FFC in situ forming gel, and group two was given FFC conventional injection. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine FFC plasma concentrations. There were significant differences (P < 0.01) between FFC in situ forming gel and conventional injection, in pharmacokinetic parameters MRT (mean retention time) (57.79 ± 2.88) h versus (15.94 ± 1.29) h, AUC (area under the concentration-time curve) (421.54 ± 8.97) μg·h/mL versus (168.16 ± 4.59) μg·h/mL, tmax (time of occurrence of cmax ) (9.00 ± 2.68) h versus (4.33 ± 0.82) h, cmax (maximum plasma concentration) (6.87 ± 0.66) μg/mL versus (12.01 ± 0.66) μg/mL, t1/2λz (terminal elimination half-life) (38.04 ± 2.20) h versus (9.15 ± 2.71) h. The results demonstrated that the in situ forming gel system could shorten dosing interval of FFC and thus achieved less frequent administration during long-term treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-X Geng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - H-M Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - J Tian
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - T-F Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Z-G Yu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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20
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Liu C, Wang SJ, Zhang Q, Shao YX. Influence of three coccidiostats on the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in rabbits. Exp Anim 2014; 64:73-9. [PMID: 25319758 PMCID: PMC4329518 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.14-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In-feed Medication has been used for a long time to prevent coccidiosis, a worldwide
protozoal disease in rabbits. Florfenicol (FFC) has been widely used in veterinary clinics
for bacterial diseases treatment. Therefore, the use of combinations of coccidiostats with
FFC in rabbits is common. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of three
coccidiostats, sulfaquinoxaline (SUL), robenidine (ROB), and toltrazuril (TOL), as feed
additives on the pharmacokinetic profile of FFC in rabbits. The disposition kinetics of
FFC in rabbits were investigated after a single intravenous injection (25 mg/kg) in
rabbits fed anticoccidial-free diets or feeds containing SUL (250 ppm), ROB (66 ppm), or
TOL (2 ppm), respectively, for 20 days. Plasma FFC concentrations were determined by the
high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The pharmacokinetic parameters of
FFC were analyzed using a non-compartmental analysis based on the statistical moment
theory. The results demonstrated that ROB feeding resulted in an obvious decrease in
plasma FFC level as compared with anticoccidial-free feeding. The terminal elimination
half-life (t1/2z), area under the concentration–time curve
(AUC), area under the first moment curve (AUMC), and
mean residence time (MRT) significantly decreased, whereas the
elimination rate constant (λz) and total body clearance
(CLz) obviously increased in rabbits pretreated with ROB.
However, we did not find that SUL or TOL feeding had any effect on the pharmacokinetic
profile of FFC. Our findings suggested that more attention should be paid to the use of
FFC in rabbits supplemented with ROB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
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21
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Yu ZG, Geng ZX, Liu TF, Jiang F. In vitro
and in vivo
evaluation of an in situ
forming gel system for sustained delivery of Florfenicol. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 38:271-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z.-G. Yu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Z.-X. Geng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - T.-F. Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - F. Jiang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
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