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Galitz A, Vargas S, Thomas OP, Reddy MM, Wörheide G, Erpenbeck D. Genomics of Terpene Biosynthesis in Dictyoceratid Sponges (Porifera) - What Do We (Not) Know? Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400549. [PMID: 39177427 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Sponges are recognized as promising sources for novel bioactive metabolites. Among them are terpenoid metabolites that constitute key biochemical defense mechanisms in several sponge taxa. Despite their significance, the genetic basis for terpenoid biosynthesis in sponges remains poorly understood. Dictyoceratida comprise demosponges well-known for their bioactive terpenoids. In this study, we explored the currently available genomic data for insights into the metabolic pathways of dictyoceratid terpenoids. We first identified prenyltransferase (PT) and terpene cyclase (TC) enzymes essential for the terpenoid biosynthetic processes in the terrestrial realm by analyzing available transcriptomic and genomic data of Dictyoceratida sponges and 10 other sponge species. All Dictyoceratida sponges displayed various PTs involved in either sesqui- or diterpene, steroid and carotenoid production. Additionally, it was possible to identify a potential candidate for a dictyoceratid sesterterpene PT. However, analogs of common terrestrial TCs were absent, suggesting the existence of a distinct or convergently evolved sponge-specific TC. Our study aims to contribute to the foundational understanding of terpene biosynthesis in sponges, unveiling the currently evident genetic components for terpenoid production in species not previously studied. Simultaneously, it aims to identify the known and unknown factors, as a starting point for biochemical and genetic investigations in sponge terpenoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Galitz
- Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Sergio Vargas
- Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivier P Thomas
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Ryan Institute, University of Galway, H91TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maggie M Reddy
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Ryan Institute, University of Galway, H91TK33, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, 7701, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany
- SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Palaeontology and Geology, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Erpenbeck
- Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany
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Ekins M, Erpenbeck D, Debitus C, Petek S, Mai T, Wrheide G, Hooper JNA. Revision of the genus Fascaplysinopsis, the type species Fascaplysinopsis reticulata (Hentschel, 1912) (Porifera, Dictyoceratida, Thorectidae) and descriptions of two new genera and seven new species. Zootaxa 2023; 5346:201-241. [PMID: 38221341 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5346.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The present study examines the taxonomy of sponge specimens with unique chemistry collectively known as Fascaplysinopsis reticulata (Hentschel, 1912). Examination of Hentschels original species upon which the genus Fascaplysinopsis Bergquist, 1980 was based in conjunction with a comparison with recent Indo-west Pacific collections, using morphological and molecular analyses (ITS and 28S rDNA), revealed extensive variation. Fascaplysinopsis reticulata was found to be a species complex comprising the genus Fascaplysinopsis, as well as two new genera: Skolosachlys gen. nov. and Rubrafasciculus gen. nov. The new species of Fascaplysinopsis described are F. palauensis sp. nov., F. klobos sp. nov. and F. ronquinni sp. nov. The new species of Skolosachlys gen. nov. described herein are: S. enlutea sp. nov. and S. nidus sp. nov. The new species described of Rubrafasciculus gen. nov. includes: R. cerasus sp. nov. and R. fijiensis sp. nov..
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrick Ekins
- Queensland Museum; PO Box 3300; South Brisbane 4101; Brisbane; Queensland; Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery; Griffith University; Brisbane 4111; Queensland; Australia; School of Biological Sciences; University of Queensland; St Lucia; Queensland; 4072 Australia.
| | - Dirk Erpenbeck
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt Mnchen; Richard-Wagner-Strae 10; 80333 Munich; Germany; GeoBio-Center; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt Mnchen; Richard-Wagner-Strae 10; 80333 Munich; Germany.
| | - Ccile Debitus
- IRD; University of Brest; CNRS; Ifremer; LEMAR; F-29280 Plouzan; France; IRD; Univ de la Polynsie franaise; Ifremer; ILM; EIO; F-98713 Papeete; French Polynesia.
| | - Sylvain Petek
- IRD; Univ de la Polynsie franaise; Ifremer; ILM; EIO; F-98713 Papeete; French Polynesia; Institut Louis MalardPapeete ; BP 3098713 Papeete; Tahiti; French Polynesia.
| | - Tepoerau Mai
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt Mnchen; Richard-Wagner-Strae 10; 80333 Munich; Germany; GeoBio-Center; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt Mnchen; Richard-Wagner-Strae 10; 80333 Munich; Germany; SNSBBayerische Staatssammlung fr Palontologie und Geologie; Richard-Wagner-Str. 10; 80333 Mnchen; Germany.
| | - Gert Wrheide
- Queensland Museum; PO Box 3300; South Brisbane 4101; Brisbane; Queensland; Australia.
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Manconi R, Cubeddu T, Pronzato R, Sanna MA, Nieddu G, Gaino E, Stocchino GA. Collagenic architecture and morphotraits in a marine basal metazoan as a model for bioinspired applied research. J Morphol 2022; 283:585-604. [PMID: 35119713 PMCID: PMC9306819 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In some Porifera (Demospongiae: Keratosa), prototypes of the connective system are almost exclusively based on collagenic networks. We studied the topographic distribution, spatial layout, microtraits, and/or morphogenesis of these collagenic structures in Ircinia retidermata (Dictyoceratida: Irciniidae). Analyses were carried out on a clonal strain from sustainable experimental mariculture by using light and scanning electron microscopy. Histology revealed new insights on the widely diversified and complex hierarchical assemblage of collagenic structures. Key evolutionary novelties in the organization of sponge connective system were found out. The aquiferous canals are shaped as corrugate‐like pipelines conferring plasticity to the water circulation system. Compact clusters of elongated cells are putatively involved in a nutrient transferring system. Knob‐ended filaments are characterized by a banding pattern and micro‐components. Ectosome and outer endosome districts are the active fibrogenetic areas, where exogenous material constitutes an axial condensation nucleus for the ensuing morphogenesis. The new data can be useful to understand not only the evolutionary novelties occurring in the target taxon but also the morpho‐functional significance of its adaptive collagenic anatomical traits. In addition, data may give insights on both marine collagen sustainable applied researches along with evolutionary and phylogenetic analyses, thus highlighting sponges as a key renewable source for inspired biomaterials. Therefore, we also promote bioresources sustainable exploitation with the aim to provide new donors of marine collagen, thereby supporting conservation of wild populations/species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Manconi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Pronzato
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Marina A Sanna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Nieddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elda Gaino
- Viale Canepa 15/10, 16153 Sestri Ponente, Italy
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Galitz A, Nakao Y, Schupp PJ, Wörheide G, Erpenbeck D. A Soft Spot for Chemistry-Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge Secondary Metabolite Distribution. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:448. [PMID: 34436287 PMCID: PMC8398655 DOI: 10.3390/md19080448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges are the most prolific marine sources for discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Sponge secondary metabolites are sought-after for their potential in pharmaceutical applications, and in the past, they were also used as taxonomic markers alongside the difficult and homoplasy-prone sponge morphology for species delineation (chemotaxonomy). The understanding of phylogenetic distribution and distinctiveness of metabolites to sponge lineages is pivotal to reveal pathways and evolution of compound production in sponges. This benefits the discovery rate and yield of bioprospecting for novel marine natural products by identifying lineages with high potential of being new sources of valuable sponge compounds. In this review, we summarize the current biochemical data on sponges and compare the metabolite distribution against a sponge phylogeny. We assess compound specificity to lineages, potential convergences, and suitability as diagnostic phylogenetic markers. Our study finds compound distribution corroborating current (molecular) phylogenetic hypotheses, which include yet unaccepted polyphyly of several demosponge orders and families. Likewise, several compounds and compound groups display a high degree of lineage specificity, which suggests homologous biosynthetic pathways among their taxa, which identifies yet unstudied species of this lineage as promising bioprospecting targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Galitz
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; (A.G.); (G.W.)
| | - Yoichi Nakao
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Wilhelmshaven, Germany;
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; (A.G.); (G.W.)
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
- SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Palaeontology and Geology, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Erpenbeck
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; (A.G.); (G.W.)
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
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Hosie AM, Fromont J, Munyard K, Wilson NG, Jones DS. Surveying keratose sponges (Porifera, demospongiae, Dictyoceratida) reveals hidden diversity of host specialist barnacles (Crustacea, Cirripedia, Balanidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 161:107179. [PMID: 33887480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sponges represent one of the most species-rich hosts for commensal barnacles yet host utilisation and diversity have not been thoroughly examined. This study investigated the diversity and phylogenetic relationships of sponge-inhabiting barnacles within a single, targeted host group, primarily from Western Australian waters. Specimens of the sponge order Dictyoceratida were surveyed and a total of 64 host morphospecies, representing four families, were identified as barnacle hosts during the study. Utilising molecular (COI, 12S) and morphological methods 42 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) of barnacles, representing Acasta, Archiacasta, Euacasta and Neoacasta were identified. Comparing inter- and intra-MOTU genetic distances showed a barcode gap between 2.5% and 5% for COI, but between 1% and 1.5% in the 12S dataset, thus demonstrating COI as a more reliable barcoding region. These sponge-inhabiting barnacles were demonstrated to show high levels of host specificity with the majority being found in a single sponge species (74%), a single genus (83%) or a single host family (93%). Phylogenetic relationships among the barnacles were reconstructed using mitochondrial (12S, COI) and nuclear (H3, 28S) markers. None of the barnacle genera were recovered as monophyletic. Euacasta was paraphyletic in relation to the remaining Acastinae genera, which were polyphyletic. Six well-supported clades of molecular operational taxonomic units, herein considered to represent species complexes, were recovered, but relationships between them were not well supported. These complexes showed differing patterns of host usage, though most were phylogenetically conserved with sister lineages typically occupying related hosts within the same genus or family of sponge. The results show that host specialists are predominant, and the dynamics of host usage have played a significant role in the evolutionary history of the Acastinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Hosie
- Collections & Research, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew St, Welshpool 6106 WA, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102 WA, Australia.
| | - Jane Fromont
- Collections & Research, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew St, Welshpool 6106 WA, Australia
| | - Kylie Munyard
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102 WA, Australia
| | - Nerida G Wilson
- Collections & Research, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew St, Welshpool 6106 WA, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009 WA, Australia
| | - Diana S Jones
- Collections & Research, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew St, Welshpool 6106 WA, Australia
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Stocchino GA, Cubeddu T, Pronzato R, Sanna MA, Manconi R. Sponges architecture by colour: new insights into the fibres morphogenesis, skeletal spatial layout and morpho-anatomical traits of a marine horny sponge species (Porifera). THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2020.1862316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. A. Stocchino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - T. Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - R. Pronzato
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e della Vita, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - M. A. Sanna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - R. Manconi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Abdul Wahab MA, Wilson NG, Prada D, Gomez O, Fromont J. Molecular and morphological assessment of tropical sponges in the subfamily Phyllospongiinae, with the descriptions of two new species. Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sponges in the subfamily Phyllospongiinae are important components of coral reefs. However, significant taxonomic inconsistencies exist in this group due to the lack of useful morphological characters for species delineation. This study assesses the systematics of some common phyllospongiinids in the genera Carteriospongia, Phyllospongia and Strepsichordaia from tropical Australia and the Red Sea, by using a multigene approach that utilizes the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2, the complete ribosomal 18S rRNA and three 28s rRNA gene regions (D1‒D2, D3‒D5 and D6‒D8), which produced a phylogenetic framework in which complementary morphological taxonomic assessments were performed. Type specimens were included, where available, and six species clades were recovered, including the well-established Phyllospongia papyracea and Strepsichordaia lendenfeldi. Carteriospongia foliascens, the type species for the genus Carteriospongia, is transferred to the genus Phyllospongia, resulting in Carteriospongia becoming a synonym of Phyllospongia. Consequently, Carteriospongia flabellifera is removed from Carteriospongia and is reinstated to its original designation of Polyfibrospongia flabellifera. Two new species, Phyllospongia bergquistae sp. nov. and Polyfibrospongia kulit sp. nov., are described. With phyllospongiinid sponges increasingly used as models for assessing the effects of climate change and anthropogenic stressors, this study provides a reliable systematics framework for the accurate identification of common phyllospongiinids across the Indo-Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nerida G Wilson
- Collections & Research, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Diana Prada
- Collections & Research, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool, WA, Australia
| | - Oliver Gomez
- Collections & Research, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool, WA, Australia
| | - Jane Fromont
- Collections & Research, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool, WA, Australia
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Hertzer C, Kehraus S, Böhringer N, Kaligis F, Bara R, Erpenbeck D, Wörheide G, Schäberle TF, Wägele H, König GM. Antibacterial scalarane from Doriprismatica stellata nudibranchs (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia), egg ribbons, and their dietary sponge Spongia cf. agaricina (Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida). Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1596-1605. [PMID: 32704326 PMCID: PMC7356558 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations on the biochemical relationship between Doriprismatica stellata (Chromodorididae, Doridoidea) nudibranchs, their egg ribbons, and the associated dietary sponge Spongia cf. agaricina (Demospongiae, Porifera) led to the isolation of the structurally new scalarane-type sesterterpene 12-deacetoxy-4-demethyl-11,24-diacetoxy-3,4-methylenedeoxoscalarin, with an unprecedented position of the cyclopropane ring annelated to the ring A. Unlike other scalaranes, which are most often functionalized at C-12 of ring C, it bears two acetoxy groups at C-11 and C-24 instead. The compound was present in all three samples, supporting the dietary relationship between chromodorid nudibranchs of the genus Doriprismatica and scalarane-containing dictyoceratid sponges of the Spongiidae family. The results also indicate that D. stellata passes the scalarane metabolite on to its egg ribbons, most likely for protective purposes. The scalarane showed antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Arthrobacter crystallopoietes (DSM 20117) and Bacillus megaterium (DSM 32).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Hertzer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nils Böhringer
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392 Gießen, Germany
- Department for Bioresources of the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Fontje Kaligis
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Jl. Kampus UNSRAT Bahu, 95115 Manado, Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia
| | - Robert Bara
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Jl. Kampus UNSRAT Bahu, 95115 Manado, Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia
| | - Dirk Erpenbeck
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany
- SNSB – Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Till F Schäberle
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392 Gießen, Germany
- Department for Bioresources of the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Heike Wägele
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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