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Esposito A, Rossi A, Stabile M, Pinto G, De Fino I, Melessike M, Tamanini A, Cabrini G, Lippi G, Aureli M, Loberto N, Renda M, Galietta LJV, Amoresano A, Dechecchi MC, De Gregorio E, Bragonzi A, Guaragna A. Assessing the Potential of N-Butyl-l-deoxynojirimycin (l-NBDNJ) in Models of Cystic Fibrosis as a Promising Antibacterial Agent. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1807-1822. [PMID: 38898954 PMCID: PMC11184606 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few years, l-iminosugars have revealed attractive pharmacological properties for managing rare diseases including Cystic Fibrosis (CF). The iminosugar N-butyl-l-deoxynojirimycin (l-NBDNJ, ent-1), prepared by a carbohydrate-based route, was herein evaluated for its anti-inflammatory and anti-infective potential in models of CF lung disease infection. A significant decrease in the bacterial load in the airways was observed in the murine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic infection in the presence of l-NBDNJ, also accompanied by a modest reduction of inflammatory cells. Mechanistic insights into the observed activity revealed that l-NBDNJ interferes with the expression of proteins regulating cytoskeleton assembly and organization of the host cell, downregulates the main virulence factors of P. aeruginosa involved in the host response, and affects pathogen adhesion to human cells. These findings along with the observation of the absence of an in vitro bacteriostatic/bactericidal action of l-NBDNJ suggest the potential use of this glycomimetic as an antivirulence agent in the management of CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Esposito
- Department
of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80125, Italy
| | - Alice Rossi
- Infections
and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation
and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele
Scientific Institute, Milan I-20132, Italy
| | - Maria Stabile
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pinto
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Naples I-80126, Italy
| | - Ida De Fino
- Infections
and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation
and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele
Scientific Institute, Milan I-20132, Italy
| | - Medede Melessike
- Infections
and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation
and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele
Scientific Institute, Milan I-20132, Italy
| | - Anna Tamanini
- Section
of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Engineering for Innovation
Medicine, University of Verona, Verona I-37134, Italy
| | - Giulio Cabrini
- Center on
Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Life Sciences
and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara I-40121, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section
of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Engineering for Innovation
Medicine, University of Verona, Verona I-37134, Italy
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan I-20054, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Loberto
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan I-20054, Italy
| | - Mario Renda
- Telethon
Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples I-80078, Italy
| | - Luis J. V. Galietta
- Telethon
Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples I-80078, Italy
- Department
of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Naples I-80126, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Consorzio Interuniversitario, Rome I-00136, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Dechecchi
- Section
of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Engineering for Innovation
Medicine, University of Verona, Verona I-37134, Italy
| | - Eliana De Gregorio
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Infections
and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation
and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele
Scientific Institute, Milan I-20132, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guaragna
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Naples I-80126, Italy
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2
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Treuner-Lange A, Zheng W, Viljoen A, Lindow S, Herfurth M, Dufrêne YF, Søgaard-Andersen L, Egelman EH. Tight-packing of large pilin subunits provides distinct structural and mechanical properties for the Myxococcus xanthus type IVa pilus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321989121. [PMID: 38625941 PMCID: PMC11046646 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321989121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Type IVa pili (T4aP) are ubiquitous cell surface filaments important for surface motility, adhesion to surfaces, DNA uptake, biofilm formation, and virulence. T4aP are built from thousands of copies of the major pilin subunit and tipped by a complex composed of minor pilins and in some systems also the PilY1 adhesin. While major pilins of structurally characterized T4aP have lengths of <165 residues, the major pilin PilA of Myxococcus xanthus is unusually large with 208 residues. All major pilins have a conserved N-terminal domain and a variable C-terminal domain, and the additional residues of PilA are due to a larger C-terminal domain. We solved the structure of the M. xanthus T4aP (T4aPMx) at a resolution of 3.0 Å using cryo-EM. The T4aPMx follows the structural blueprint of other T4aP with the pilus core comprised of the interacting N-terminal α1-helices, while the globular domains decorate the T4aP surface. The atomic model of PilA built into this map shows that the large C-terminal domain has more extensive intersubunit contacts than major pilins in other T4aP. As expected from these greater contacts, the bending and axial stiffness of the T4aPMx is significantly higher than that of other T4aP and supports T4aP-dependent motility on surfaces of different stiffnesses. Notably, T4aPMx variants with interrupted intersubunit interfaces had decreased bending stiffness, pilus length, and strongly reduced motility. These observations support an evolutionary scenario whereby the large major pilin enables the formation of a rigid T4aP that expands the environmental conditions in which the T4aP system functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Treuner-Lange
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg35043, Germany
| | - Weili Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA22903
| | - Albertus Viljoen
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-NeuveB-1348, Belgium
| | - Steffi Lindow
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg35043, Germany
| | - Marco Herfurth
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg35043, Germany
| | - Yves F. Dufrêne
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-NeuveB-1348, Belgium
| | - Lotte Søgaard-Andersen
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg35043, Germany
| | - Edward H. Egelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA22903
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3
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Fan Y, Wang S, Song M, Zhou L, Liu C, Yang Y, Yu S, Yang M. Specific biomarker mining and rapid detection of Burkholderia cepacia complex by recombinase polymerase amplification. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1270760. [PMID: 37779692 PMCID: PMC10539473 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1270760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To mine specific proteins and their protein-coding genes as suitable molecular biomarkers for the Burkholderia cepacia Complex (BCC) bacteria detection based on mega analysis of microbial proteomic and genomic data comparisons and to develop a real-time recombinase polymerase amplification (rt-RPA) assay for rapid isothermal screening for pharmaceutical and personal care products. Methods We constructed an automatic screening framework based on Python to compare the microbial proteomes of 78 BCC strains and 263 non-BCC strains to identify BCC-specific protein sequences. In addition, the specific protein-coding gene and its core DNA sequence were validated in silico with a self-built genome database containing 158 thousand bacteria. The appropriate methodology for BCC detection using rt-RPA was evaluated by 58 strains in pure culture and 33 batches of artificially contaminated pharmaceutical and personal care products. Results We identified the protein SecY and its protein-coding gene secY through the automatic comparison framework. The virtual evaluation of the conserved region of the secY gene showed more than 99.8% specificity from the genome database, and it can distinguish all known BCC species from other bacteria by phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, the detection limit of the rt-RPA assay targeting the secY gene was 5.6 × 102 CFU of BCC bacteria in pure culture or 1.2 pg of BCC bacteria genomic DNA within 30 min. It was validated to detect <1 CFU/portion of BCC bacteria from artificially contaminated samples after a pre-enrichment process. The relative trueness and sensitivity of the rt-RPA assay were 100% in practice compared to the reference methods. Conclusion The automatic comparison framework for molecular biomarker mining is straightforward, universal, applicable, and efficient. Based on recognizing the BCC-specific protein SecY and its gene, we successfully established the rt-RPA assay for rapid detection in pharmaceutical and personal care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Fan
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Testing Technology of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Shanghai Quality Inspection and Testing Center for Innovative Biological Products, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Testing Technology of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Shanghai Quality Inspection and Testing Center for Innovative Biological Products, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Song
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Testing Technology of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Shanghai Quality Inspection and Testing Center for Innovative Biological Products, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangliang Zhou
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chengzhi Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Digital-Micro Biotech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Testing Technology of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Shanghai Quality Inspection and Testing Center for Innovative Biological Products, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuijing Yu
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meicheng Yang
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Food and Drug Packaging Material Control Center, Shanghai, China
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Treuner-Lange A, Zheng W, Viljoen A, Lindow S, Herfurth M, Dufrêne YF, Søgaard-Andersen L, Egelman EH. Large pilin subunits provide distinct structural and mechanical properties for the Myxococcus xanthus type IV pilus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.22.550172. [PMID: 37503255 PMCID: PMC10370171 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.22.550172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Type IV pili (T4P) are ubiquitous bacterial cell surface filaments important for surface motility, adhesion to biotic and abiotic surfaces, DNA uptake, biofilm formation, and virulence. T4P are built from thousands of copies of the major pilin subunit and tipped by a complex composed of minor pilins and in some systems also the PilY1 adhesin. While the major pilins of structurally characterized T4P have lengths of up to 161 residues, the major pilin PilA of Myxococcus xanthus is unusually large with 208 residues. All major pilins have a highly conserved N-terminal domain and a highly variable C-terminal domain, and the additional residues in the M. xanthus PilA are due to a larger C-terminal domain. We solved the structure of the M. xanthus T4P (T4P Mx ) at a resolution of 3.0 Å using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The T4P Mx follows the structural blueprint observed in other T4P with the pilus core comprised of the extensively interacting N-terminal α1-helices while the globular domains decorate the T4P surface. The atomic model of PilA built into this map shows that the large C-terminal domain has much more extensive intersubunit contacts than major pilins in other T4P. As expected from these greater contacts, the bending and axial stiffness of the T4P Mx is significantly higher than that of other T4P and supports T4P-dependent motility on surfaces of different stiffnesses. Notably, T4P Mx variants with interrupted intersubunit interfaces had decreased bending stiffness and strongly reduced motility on all surfaces. These observations support an evolutionary scenario whereby the large major pilin enables the formation of a rigid T4P that expands the environmental conditions in which the T4P system functions.
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5
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Daddy Gaoh S, Kweon O, Ahn Y. Propidium Monoazide (PMAxx)-Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Exo (RPA Exo) Assay for Rapid Detection of Burkholderia cepacia Complex in Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHX) and Benzalkonium Chloride (BZK) Solutions. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1401. [PMID: 37374904 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Both sterile and non-sterile pharmaceutical products, which include antiseptics, have been recalled due to Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) contamination. Therefore, minimizing the frequency of outbreaks may be conducive to the development of a quick and sensitive approach that can distinguish between live and dead loads of BCC. We have assessed an exo probe-based recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with 10 µM propidium monoazide (PMAxx) for selective detection of live/dead BCC cells in various concentrations of antiseptics (i.e., chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and benzalkonium chloride (BZK) solutions) after 24 h. The optimized assay conducted using a set of primer-probes targeting gbpT was performed at 40 °C for 20 min and shows a detection limit of 10 pg/µL of genomic DNA from B. cenocepacia J2315, equivalent to 104 colony-forming units (CFU/mL). The specificity of a newly designed primer and probe was 80% (20 negatives out of 25). The readings for total cells (i.e., without PMAxx) from 200 µg/mL CHX using PMAxx-RPA exo assay was 310 relative fluorescence units (RFU), compared to 129 RFU with PMAxx (i.e., live cells). Furthermore, in 50-500 µg/mL BZK-treated cells, a difference in the detection rate was observed between the PMAxx-RPA exo assay in live cells (130.4-459.3 RFU) and total cells (207.82-684.5 RFU). This study shows that the PMAxx-RPA exo assay appears to be a valid tool for the simple, rapid and presumptive detection of live BCC cells in antiseptics, thereby ensuring the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumana Daddy Gaoh
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Ohgew Kweon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Youngbeom Ahn
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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Zheng J, Liu L, Li X, Xu Z, Gai Z, Zhang X, Lei H, Shen X. Rapid and Simple Detection of Burkholderia gladioli in Food Matrices Using RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a Method. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091760. [PMID: 37174300 PMCID: PMC10178126 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants of Burkholderia gladioli pose a serious threat to human health and food safety, but there is a lack of rapid and sensitive field detection methods for Burkholderia gladioli. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas12a system combined with recombinant enzyme polymerase amplification (RPA) was used to detect Burkholderia gladioli in food. The optimized RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay was able to specifically and stably detect Burkholderia gladioli at a constant 37 °C without the assistance of large equipment. The detection limit of the method was evaluated at two aspects, the genomic DNA (gDNA) level and bacterial quantity, of which there were 10-3 ng/μL and 101 CFU/mL, respectively. Three kinds of real food samples were tested. The detection limit for rice noodles, fresh white noodles, and glutinous rice flour samples was 101 CFU/mL, 102 CFU/mL, and 102 CFU/mL, respectively, without any enrichment steps. The whole detection process, including sample pretreatment and DNA extraction, did not exceed one hour. Compared with the qPCR method, the established RPA-CRISPR /Cas12a method was simpler and even more sensitive. Using this method, a visual detection of Burkholderia gladioli that is suitable for field detection can be achieved quickly and easily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenlin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zuoqi Gai
- Guangzhou Editgene Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Guangzhou Editgene Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Debnath SK, Debnath M, Srivastava R. Opportunistic etiological agents causing lung infections: emerging need to transform lung-targeted delivery. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12620. [PMID: 36619445 PMCID: PMC9816992 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases continue to draw considerable attention from biomedical and public health care agencies. The lung with the largest epithelial surface area is continuously exposed to the external environment during exchanging gas. Therefore, the chances of respiratory disorders and lung infections are overgrowing. This review has covered promising and opportunistic etiologic agents responsible for lung infections. These pathogens infect the lungs either directly or indirectly. However, it is difficult to intervene in lung diseases using available oral or parenteral antimicrobial formulations. Many pieces of research have been done in the last two decades to improve inhalable antimicrobial formulations. However, very few have been approved for human use. This review article discusses the approved inhalable antimicrobial agents (AMAs) and identifies why pulmonary delivery is explored. Additionally, the basic anatomy of the respiratory system linked with barriers to AMA delivery has been discussed here. This review opens several new scopes for researchers to work on pulmonary medicines for specific diseases and bring more respiratory medication to market.
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8
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Migliaccio A, Esposito EP, Bagattini M, Berisio R, Triassi M, De Gregorio E, Zarrilli R. Inhibition of AdeB, AceI, and AmvA Efflux Pumps Restores Chlorhexidine and Benzalkonium Susceptibility in Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:790263. [PMID: 35197939 PMCID: PMC8859242 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.790263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii is hindered by its intrinsic tolerance to a wide variety of biocides. The aim of the study was to analyze the role of different A. baumannii efflux pumps (EPs) in tolerance to chlorhexidine (CHX) and benzalkonium (BZK) and identify non-toxic compounds, which can restore susceptibility to CHX and BZK in A. baumannii. A. baumannii ATCC 19606 strain was tolerant to both CHX and BZK with MIC and MBC value of 32 mg/L. CHX subMIC concentrations increased the expression of adeB and adeJ (RND superfamily), aceI (PACE family) and amvA (MFS superfamily) EP genes. The values of CHX MIC and MBC decreased by eightfold in ΔadeB and twofold in ΔamvA or ΔaceI mutants, respectively, while not affected in ΔadeJ mutant; EPs double and triple deletion mutants showed an additive effect on CHX MIC. CHX susceptibility was restored in double and triple deletion mutants with inactivation of adeB gene. BZK MIC was decreased by fourfold in ΔadeB mutant, and twofold in ΔamvA and ΔaceI mutants, respectively; EPs double and triple deletion mutants showed an additive effect on BZK MIC. BZK susceptibility was recovered in ΔadeB ΔaceI ΔadeJ and ΔamvA ΔadeB ΔadeJ triple mutants. The structural comparison of AdeB and AdeJ protomers showed a more negatively charged entrance binding site and F-loop in AdeB, which may favor the transport of CHX. The carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazine protonophore (CCCP) EP inhibitor reduced dose-dependently CHX MIC in A. baumannii ATCC 19606 and in ΔadeJ, ΔaceI, or ΔamvA mutants, but not in ΔadeB mutant. Either piperine (PIP) or resveratrol (RV) at non-toxic concentrations inhibited CHX MIC in A. baumannii ATCC 19606 parental strain and EPs gene deletion mutants, and CHX-induced EP gene expression. Also, RV inhibited BZK MIC and EP genes expression in A. baumannii ATCC 19606 parental strain and EPs mutants. These results demonstrate that tolerance to CHX and BZK in A. baumannii is mediated by the activation of AdeB, AceI and AmvA EPs, AdeB playing a major role. Importantly, inhibition of EP genes expression by RV restores CHX and BZK susceptibility in A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliana Pia Esposito
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Bagattini
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Berisio
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Eliana De Gregorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Eliana De Gregorio,
| | - Raffaele Zarrilli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Raffaele Zarrilli,
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9
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Methodological tools to study species of the genus Burkholderia. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:9019-9034. [PMID: 34755214 PMCID: PMC8578011 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the Burkholderia genus are extremely versatile and diverse. They can be environmental isolates, opportunistic pathogens in cystic fibrosis, immunocompromised or chronic granulomatous disease patients, or cause disease in healthy people (e.g., Burkholderia pseudomallei) or animals (as in the case of Burkholderia mallei). Since the genus was separated from the Pseudomonas one in the 1990s, the methodological tools to study and characterize these bacteria are evolving fast. Here we reviewed the techniques used in the last few years to update the taxonomy of the genus, to study gene functions and regulations, to deepen the knowledge on the drug resistance which characterizes these bacteria, and to elucidate their mechanisms to establish infections. The availability of these tools significantly impacts the quality of research on Burkholderia and the choice of the most appropriated is fundamental for a precise characterization of the species of interest. Key points • Updated techniques to study the genus Burkholderia were reviewed. • Taxonomy, genomics, assays, and animal models were described. • A comprehensive overview on recent advances in Burkholderia studies was made.
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10
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Contamination of Hospital Surfaces with Bacterial Pathogens under the Current COVID-19 Outbreak. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179042. [PMID: 34501634 PMCID: PMC8431522 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic remains a global health issue for several reasons, such as the low vaccination rates and a lack of developed herd immunity to the evolution of SARS-CoV-2, as well as its potential inclination to elude neutralizing antibodies. It should be noted that the severity of the COVID-19 disease is significantly affected by the presence of co-infections. Comorbid conditions are caused not only by pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms but also by some representatives of the environmental microbiome. The presence of patients with moderate and severe forms of the disease in hospitals indicates the need for epidemiological monitoring of (1) bacterial pathogens circulating in hospitals, especially the ESKAPE group pathogens, and (2) the microbiome of various surfaces in hospitals. In our study, we used combined methods based on PCR and NGS sequencing, which are widely used for epidemiological monitoring. Through this approach, we identified the DNA of pathogenic bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, CoNS, and Achromobacter spp.) on various surfaces. We also estimated the microbiome diversity of surfaces and identified the potential reservoirs of infections using 16S rRNA profiling. Although we did not assess the viability of identified microorganisms, our results indicate the possible risks of insufficient regular disinfection of surfaces, regardless of department, at the Infectious Diseases Hospital. Controlling the transmission of nosocomial diseases is critical to the successful treatment of COVID-19 patients, the rational use of antimicrobial drugs, and timely decontamination measures.
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Functional Analysis of Phenazine Biosynthesis Genes in Burkholderia spp. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02348-20. [PMID: 33741619 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02348-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia encompasses a group of ubiquitous Gram-negative bacteria that includes numerous saprophytes as well as species that cause infections in animals, immunocompromised patients, and plants. Some species of Burkholderia produce colored, redox-active secondary metabolites called phenazines. Phenazines contribute to competitiveness, biofilm formation, and virulence in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but knowledge of their diversity, biosynthesis, and biological functions in Burkholderia is lacking. In this study, we screened publicly accessible genome sequence databases and identified phenazine biosynthesis genes in multiple strains of the Burkholderia cepacia complex, some isolates of the B. pseudomallei clade, and the plant pathogen B. glumae We then focused on B. lata ATCC 17760 to reveal the organization and function of genes involved in the production of dimethyl 4,9-dihydroxy-1,6-phenazinedicarboxylate. Using a combination of isogenic mutants and plasmids carrying different segments of the phz locus, we characterized three novel genes involved in the modification of the phenazine tricycle. Our functional studies revealed a connection between the presence and amount of phenazines and the dynamics of biofilm growth in flow cell and static experimental systems but at the same time failed to link the production of phenazines with the capacity of Burkholderia to kill fruit flies and rot onions.IMPORTANCE Although the production of phenazines in Burkholderia was first reported almost 70 years ago, the role these metabolites play in the biology of these economically important microorganisms remains poorly understood. Our results revealed that the phenazine biosynthetic pathway in Burkholderia has a complex evolutionary history, which likely involved horizontal gene transfers among several distantly related groups of organisms. The contribution of phenazines to the formation of biofilms suggests that Burkholderia, like fluorescent pseudomonads, may benefit from the unique redox-cycling properties of these versatile secondary metabolites.
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Discovery of a Novel Lineage Burkholderia cepacia ST 1870 Endophytically Isolated from Medicinal Polygala paniculata Which Shows Potent In Vitro Antileishmanial and Antimicrobial Effects. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:6618559. [PMID: 33679984 PMCID: PMC7904367 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6618559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the isolation and identification of an endophytic strain of Burkholderia cepacia (COPS strain) associated with Polygala paniculata roots. Polygala plants are rich sources of promising microbiomes, of which the literature reports several pharmacological effects, such as trypanocidal, antinociceptive, anesthetic, anxiolytics, and anticonvulsant activities. B. cepacia COPS belongs to a new sequence type (ST 1870) and harbors a genome estimated in 8.3 Mbp which exhibits the aminoglycosides and beta-lactams resistance genes aph(3′)-IIa and blaTEM-116, respectively. Analysis performed using MLST, average nucleotide identity, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization support its species-level identification and reveals its novel housekeeping genes alleles gyrB, lepA, and phaC. The root endophyte B. cepacia COPS drew our attention from a group of 14 bacterial isolates during the primary screening for being potentially active against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and exhibited the broad-spectrum activity against phytopathogenic fungi. In addition, COPS strain showed production of protease, lipase, and esterase in solid media, and its natural product extract showed potent inhibition against fungal plant pathogens, such as Moniliophthora perniciosa, whose antagonism index (89.32%) exceeded the positive control (74.17%), whereas Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Ceratocystis paradoxa showed high percentages of inhibition (85.53% and 82.69%, respectively). COPS crude extract also significantly inhibited S. epidermidis ATCC 35984, E. faecium ATCC 700221 (MIC values of 32 μg/mL for both), E. faecalis ATCC 29212 (64 μg/mL), and S. aureus ATCC 25923 (128 μg/mL). We observed moderate antagonistic activity against A. baumannii ATCC 19606 and E. coli ATCC 25922 (both at 512 μg/mL), as well as potent cytotoxic effects on Leishmania infantum and Leishmania major promastigote forms with 78.25% and 57.30% inhibition. In conclusion, this study presents for the first time the isolation of an endophytic B. cepacia strain associated with P. paniculata and enough evidence that these plants may be considered a rich source of microbes for the fight against neglected diseases.
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Häfliger E, Atkinson A, Marschall J. Systematic review of healthcare-associated Burkholderia cepacia complex outbreaks: presentation, causes and outbreak control. Infect Prev Pract 2020; 2:100082. [PMID: 34368718 PMCID: PMC8335909 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2020.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past decades, the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) has been linked to multiple healthcare-associated outbreaks. No systematic analysis of these outbreaks has been carried out to date. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of reports on nosocomial BCC outbreaks. Methods Published studies from 1971 until 9/12/2019 presenting nosocomial BCC outbreaks were identified using Embase, Pubmed and abstracts from professional meetings. Results We identified a total of 111 outbreak reports. Thirty-two percent of the affected institutions were academic hospitals and 43.8% community hospitals. The average outbreak duration was 198.6 ± 604.4 days. A total of 240 deaths (10% of the 2390 case patients) were reported but only 28 (1.2% of the 2390 case patients and 11.7% of the 240 deaths) were directly attributable to BCC. The source could be identified in 73.9% of the outbreaks; 53.2% were caused by contaminated medical solutions and medications, 12% were due to a contaminated disinfectant. In 28.2% of the outbreaks intrinsic product contamination was reported. Multidrug resistance was noted in 26.1% of the BCC strains. PFGE was the most frequently used typing method (43.2%) in the context of outbreak work-up. Conclusion Medical products are the most frequent source of BCC outbreaks, representing over half of the identified sources, with 12% of the outbreaks caused by disinfectant products. Intrinsic product contamination was detected frequently, suggesting a need for stricter regulation. While BCC-related mortality was low, our systematic review revealed significant heterogeneity in both investigations and reporting of BCC outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Häfliger
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Atkinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Marschall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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De Gregorio E, Esposito A, Vollaro A, De Fenza M, D’Alonzo D, Migliaccio A, Iula VD, Zarrilli R, Guaragna A. N-Nonyloxypentyl-l-Deoxynojirimycin Inhibits Growth, Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors Expression of Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E362. [PMID: 32604791 PMCID: PMC7344813 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of hospital- and community-associated bacterial infections throughout the world, which are difficult to treat due to the rising number of drug-resistant strains. New molecules displaying potent activity against this bacterium are urgently needed. In this study, d- and l-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) and a small library of their N-alkyl derivatives were screened against S. aureus ATCC 29213, with the aim to identify novel candidates with inhibitory potential. Among them, N-nonyloxypentyl-l-DNJ (l-NPDNJ) proved to be the most active compound against S. aureus ATCC 29213 and its clinical isolates, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 128 μg/mL. l-NPDNJ also displayed an additive effect with gentamicin and oxacillin against the gentamicin- and methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolate 00717. Sub-MIC values of l-NPDNJ affected S. aureus biofilm development in a dose-dependent manner, inducing a strong reduction in biofilm biomass. Moreover, real-time reverse transcriptase PCR analysis revealed that l-NPDNJ effectively inhibited at sub-MIC values the transcription of the spa, hla, hlb and sea virulence genes, as well as the agrA and saeR response regulator genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana De Gregorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Anna Esposito
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.E.); (M.D.F.); (D.D.)
| | - Adriana Vollaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria De Fenza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.E.); (M.D.F.); (D.D.)
| | - Daniele D’Alonzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.E.); (M.D.F.); (D.D.)
| | - Antonella Migliaccio
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (R.Z.)
| | - Vita Dora Iula
- Complex Operative Unit of Clinical Pathology, “Ospedale del Mare-ASL NA1 Centro”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Zarrilli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (R.Z.)
| | - Annalisa Guaragna
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.E.); (M.D.F.); (D.D.)
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Synthesis and Therapeutic Applications of Iminosugars in Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093353. [PMID: 32397443 PMCID: PMC7247015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iminosugars are sugar analogues endowed with a high pharmacological potential. The wide range of biological activities exhibited by these glycomimetics associated with their excellent drug profile make them attractive therapeutic candidates for several medical interventions. The ability of iminosugars to act as inhibitors or enhancers of carbohydrate-processing enzymes suggests their potential use as therapeutics for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF). Herein we review the most relevant advances in the field, paying attention to both the chemical synthesis of the iminosugars and their biological evaluations, resulting from in vitro and in vivo assays. Starting from the example of the marketed drug NBDNJ (N-butyl deoxynojirimycin), a variety of iminosugars have exhibited the capacity to rescue the trafficking of F508del-CFTR (deletion of F508 residue in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator), either alone or in combination with other correctors. Interesting results have also been obtained when iminosugars were considered as anti-inflammatory agents in CF lung disease. The data herein reported demonstrate that iminosugars hold considerable potential to be applied for both therapeutic purposes.
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Vollaro A, Esposito A, Esposito EP, Zarrilli R, Guaragna A, De Gregorio E. PYED-1 Inhibits Biofilm Formation and Disrupts the Preformed Biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E240. [PMID: 32397205 PMCID: PMC7277567 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnadiene-11-hydroxy-16α,17α-epoxy-3,20-dione-1 (PYED-1), a heterocyclic corticosteroid derivative of deflazacort, exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we investigated the effect of PYED-1 on the biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, an etiological agent of biofilm-based chronic infections such as osteomyelitis, indwelling medical device infections, periodontitis, chronic wound infections, and endocarditis. PYED-1 caused a strong reduction in biofilm formation in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, it was also able to completely remove the preformed biofilm. Transcriptional analysis performed on the established biofilm revealed that PYED-1 downregulates the expression of genes related to quorum sensing (agrA, RNAIII, hld, psm, and sarA), surface proteins (clfB and fnbB), secreted toxins (hla, hlb, and lukD), and capsular polysaccharides (capC). The expression of genes that encode two main global regulators, sigB and saeR, was also significantly inhibited after treatment with PYED-1. In conclusion, PYED-1 not only effectively inhibited biofilm formation, but also eradicated preformed biofilms of S. aureus, modulating the expression of genes related to quorum sensing, surface and secreted proteins, and capsular polysaccharides. These results indicated that PYED-1 may have great potential as an effective antibiofilm agent to prevent S. aureus biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Vollaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Anna Esposito
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Eliana Pia Esposito
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.P.E.); (R.Z.)
| | - Raffaele Zarrilli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.P.E.); (R.Z.)
| | - Annalisa Guaragna
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Eliana De Gregorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Vollaro A, Esposito A, Antonaki E, Iula VD, D’Alonzo D, Guaragna A, De Gregorio E. Steroid Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents Against Staphylococcus aureus Planktonic Cells. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E468. [PMID: 32218320 PMCID: PMC7232480 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the antibacterial activity of deflazacort and several of its synthetic precursors was tested against a panel of bacterial pathogens responsible for most drug-resistant infections including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter spp. The derivative of deflazacort, PYED-1 (pregnadiene-11-hydroxy-16α,17α-epoxy-3,20-dione-1) showed the best antibacterial activity in a dose-dependent way. We focused on the action of PYED-1 against S. aureus cells. PYED-1 exhibited an additive antimicrobial effect with gentamicin and oxacillin against the methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolate 00717. In addition to its antimicrobial effect, PYED-1 was found to repress the expression of several virulence factors of S. aureus, including toxins encoded by the hla (alpha-haemolysin), hlb (beta-haemolysin), lukE-D (leucotoxins E-D), and sea (staphylococcal enterotoxin A) genes, and cell surface factors (fnbB (fibronectin-binding protein B) and capC (capsule biosynthesis protein C)). The expression levels of autolysin isaA (immunodominant staphylococcal antigen) were also increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Vollaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.V.); (E.A.)
| | - Anna Esposito
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.E.); (D.D.)
| | - Eleni Antonaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.V.); (E.A.)
| | - Vita Dora Iula
- Complex Operative Unit of Clinical Pathology, “Ospedale del Mare-ASL NA1 Centro”, 80147 Naples, Italy;
| | - Daniele D’Alonzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.E.); (D.D.)
| | - Annalisa Guaragna
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.E.); (D.D.)
| | - Eliana De Gregorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.V.); (E.A.)
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Esposito A, Vollaro A, Esposito EP, D’Alonzo D, Guaragna A, Zarrilli R, De Gregorio E. Antibacterial and Antivirulence Activity of Glucocorticoid PYED-1 against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E105. [PMID: 32131413 PMCID: PMC7148523 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, an environmental Gram-negative bacterium, is an emerging nosocomial opportunistic pathogen that causes life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients and chronic pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Due to increasing resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, S. maltophilia infections are difficult to treat successfully. This makes the search for new antimicrobial strategies mandatory. In this study, the antibacterial activity of the heterocyclic corticosteroid deflazacort and several of its synthetic precursors was tested against S. maltophilia. All compounds were not active against standard strain S. maltophilia K279a. The compound PYED-1 (pregnadiene-11-hydroxy-16α,17α-epoxy-3,20-dione-1) showed a weak effect against some S. maltophilia clinical isolates, but exhibited a synergistic effect with aminoglycosides. PYED-1 at sub-inhibitory concentrations decreased S. maltophilia biofilm formation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis demonstrated that the expression of biofilm- and virulence- associated genes (StmPr1, StmPr3, sphB, smeZ, bfmA, fsnR) was significantly suppressed after PYED-1 treatment. Interestingly, PYED-1 also repressed the expression of the genes aph (3´)-IIc, aac (6´)-Iz, and smeZ, involved in the resistance to aminoglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Esposito
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Adriana Vollaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Eliana Pia Esposito
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.P.E.); (R.Z.)
| | - Daniele D’Alonzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Annalisa Guaragna
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Raffaele Zarrilli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.P.E.); (R.Z.)
| | - Eliana De Gregorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Environmental interactions are regulated by temperature in Burkholderia seminalis TC3.4.2R3. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5486. [PMID: 30940839 PMCID: PMC6445077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia seminalis strain TC3.4.2R3 is an endophytic bacterium isolated from sugarcane roots that produces antimicrobial compounds, facilitating its ability to act as a biocontrol agent against phytopathogenic bacteria. In this study, we investigated the thermoregulation of B. seminalis TC3.4.2R3 at 28 °C (environmental stimulus) and 37 °C (host-associated stimulus) at the transcriptional and phenotypic levels. The production of biofilms and exopolysaccharides such as capsular polysaccharides and the biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi were enhanced at 28 °C. At 37 °C, several metabolic pathways were activated, particularly those implicated in energy production, stress responses and the biosynthesis of transporters. Motility, growth and virulence in the Galleria mellonella larvae infection model were more significant at 37 °C. Our data suggest that the regulation of capsule expression could be important in virulence against G. mellonella larvae at 37 °C. In contrast, B. seminalis TC3.4.2R3 failed to cause death in infected BALB/c mice, even at an infective dose of 107 CFU.mL-1. We conclude that temperature drives the regulation of gene expression in B. seminalis during its interactions with the environment.
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Su X, Shi Y, Li R, Lu ZN, Zou X, Wu JX, Han ZG. Application of qPCR assays based on haloacids transporter gene dehp2 for discrimination of Burkholderia and Paraburkholderia. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:36. [PMID: 30744555 PMCID: PMC6371555 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A major facilitator superfamily transporter Dehp2 was recently shown to be playing an important role in transport and biodegradation of haloacids in Paraburkholderia caribensis MBA4, and Dehp2 is phylogenetically conserved in Burkholderia sensu lato. Results We designed both Burkholderia sensu stricto-specific and Paraburkholderia-specific qPCR assays based on dehp2 and 16S rRNA, and validated the qPCR assays in 12 bacterial strains. The qPCR assays could detect single species of Burkholderia sensu stricto or Paraburkholderia with high sensitivity and discriminate them in mixtures with high specificity over a wide dynamic range of relative concentrations. At relatively lower cost compared with sequencing-based approach, the qPCR assays will facilitate discrimination of Burkholderia sensu stricto and Paraburkholderia in a large number of samples. Conclusions For the first time, we report the utilization of a haloacids transporter gene for discriminative purpose in Burkholderia sensu lato. This enables not only quick decision on proper handling of putative pathogenic samples in Burkholderia sensu stricto group but also future exploitation of relevant species in Paraburkholderia group for haloacids biodegradation purposes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1411-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Su
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruihong Li
- Shanghai Quality Safety Centre of Agricultural Products, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Ning Lu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao-Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Guang Han
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Dingjan T, Imberty A, Pérez S, Yuriev E, Ramsland PA. Molecular Simulations of Carbohydrates with a Fucose-Binding Burkholderia ambifaria Lectin Suggest Modulation by Surface Residues Outside the Fucose-Binding Pocket. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:393. [PMID: 28680402 PMCID: PMC5478714 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia ambifaria is an opportunistic respiratory pathogen belonging to the Burkholderia cepacia complex, a collection of species responsible for the rapidly fatal cepacia syndrome in cystic fibrosis patients. A fucose-binding lectin identified in the B. ambifaria genome, BambL, is able to adhere to lung tissue, and may play a role in respiratory infection. X-ray crystallography has revealed the bound complex structures for four fucosylated human blood group epitopes (blood group B, H type 1, H type 2, and Lex determinants). The present study employed computational approaches, including docking and molecular dynamics (MD), to extend the structural analysis of BambL-oligosaccharide complexes to include four additional blood group saccharides (A, Lea, Leb, and Ley) and a library of blood-group-related carbohydrates. Carbohydrate recognition is dominated by interactions with fucose via a hydrogen-bonding network involving Arg15, Glu26, Ala38, and Trp79 and a stacking interaction with Trp74. Additional hydrogen bonds to non-fucose residues are formed with Asp30, Tyr35, Thr36, and Trp74. BambL recognition is dominated by interactions with fucose, but also features interactions with other parts of the ligands that may modulate specificity or affinity. The detailed computational characterization of the BambL carbohydrate-binding site provides guidelines for the future design of lectin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamir Dingjan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anne Imberty
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR5301, Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Serge Pérez
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5063, Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Elizabeth Yuriev
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A Ramsland
- School of Science, RMIT UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery Austin Health, University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Burnet InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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