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Marchetti A, Pelusi S, Marella A, Malvestiti F, Ricchiuti A, Ronzoni L, Lionetti M, Moretti V, Bugianesi E, Miele L, Vespasiani-Gentilucci U, Dongiovanni P, Federico A, Soardo G, D'Ambrosio R, McCain MV, Reeves HL, La Mura V, Prati D, Bolli N, Valenti L. Impact of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential on hepatocellular carcinoma in individuals with steatotic liver disease. Hepatology 2024; 80:816-827. [PMID: 38470216 PMCID: PMC11407776 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a global epidemic and is the most rapidly rising cause of HCC. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) contributes to neoplastic and cardiometabolic disorders and is considered a harbinger of tissue inflammation. CHIP was recently associated with increased risk of liver disease. The aim of this study was to examine whether CHIP is associated with HCC development in patients with SLD. APPROACH AND RESULTS We considered individuals with MASLD-HCC (n=208) and controls with (n =414) and without (n =259) advanced fibrosis who underwent whole exome sequencing. CHIP was diagnosed when ≥2 variant callers identified a known myeloid mutation with variant allele frequency ≥2%. CHIP was observed in 116 participants (13.1%), most frequently in DNMT3A, TET2, TP53 , and ASXL1 , and correlated with age ( p <0.0001) and advanced liver fibrosis (p=0.001). Higher aspartate aminotransferase levels predicted non- DNMT3A -CHIP, in particular with variant allele frequency ≥10% (OR: 1.14, 1.03 -1.28 and OR: 1.30, 1.12 -1.49, respectively, p <0.05). After adjustment for sex, diabetes, and a polygenic risk, a score of inherited MASLD predisposition CHIP was associated with cirrhosis (2.00, 1.30 -3.15, p =0.02), and with HCC even after further adjustment for cirrhosis (OR: 1.81, 1.11 -2.00, 1.30 -3.15, p =0.002). Despite the strong collinearity among aging and development of CHIP and HCC, non- DNTM3A -CHIP, and TET2 lesions remained associated with HCC after full correction for clinical/genetics covariates and age (OR: 2.45, 1.35 -4.53; OR: 4.8, 1.60 -17.0, p =0.02). CONCLUSIONS We observed an independent association between CHIP, particularly related to non- DNTM3A and TET2 genetic lesions and MASLD-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Marchetti
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Pelusi
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Marella
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Malvestiti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antony Ricchiuti
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ronzoni
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Lionetti
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Moretti
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Miele
- Dipartimento Universitario Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Vespasiani-Gentilucci
- Clinical Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Federico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Soardo
- Department of Medicine, Clinica Medica, European Excellence Center for Arterial Hypertension, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Ambrosio
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Misti V McCain
- Newcastle University Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Reeves
- Newcastle University Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo La Mura
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- General Medicine, Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Prati
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Biological Resource Center Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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2
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Moretti V, Romeo S, Valenti L. The contribution of genetics and epigenetics to MAFLD susceptibility. Hepatol Int 2024:10.1007/s12072-024-10667-5. [PMID: 38662298 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-024-10667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. The risk of developing MAFLD varies among individuals, due to a combination of environmental inherited and acquired genetic factors. Genome-wide association and next-generation sequencing studies are leading to the discovery of the common and rare genetic determinants of MAFLD. Thanks to the great advances in genomic technologies and bioinformatics analysis, genetic and epigenetic factors involved in the disease can be used to develop genetic risk scores specific for liver-related complications, which can improve risk stratification. Genetic and epigenetic factors lead to the identification of specific sub-phenotypes of MAFLD, and predict the individual response to a pharmacological therapy. Moreover, the variant transcripts and protein themselves represent new therapeutic targets. This review will discuss the current status of research into genetic as well as epigenetic modifiers of MAFLD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Moretti
- Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center and Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Via F Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Luca Valenti
- Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center and Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Via F Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Chung SW, Choi J. Editorial: Paradox of liver fat content in the spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59:569-570. [PMID: 38247152 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Loomba et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17783
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonggi Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Lee SW, Huang DQ, Bettencourt R, Ajmera V, Tincopa M, Noureddin N, Amangurbanova M, Siddiqi H, Madamba E, Majzoub AM, Nayfeh T, Tamaki N, Izumi N, Nakajima A, Yoneda M, Idilman R, Gumussoy M, Oz DK, Erden A, Loomba R. Low liver fat in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related significant fibrosis and cirrhosis is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, decompensation and mortality. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59:80-88. [PMID: 37968251 PMCID: PMC10807727 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progression to cirrhosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with a decrease in liver fat. However, the prognostic significance of liver fat content in NASH-related significant fibrosis and cirrhosis is unclear. AIM To investigate the risk of decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and mortality stratified by liver fat content in NASH-related significant fibrosis and cirrhosis. METHODS In this meta-analysis of individual participant data, 456 patients with both magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and MRI-derived protein density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) were enrolled, and 296 patients with longitudinal follow-up were analysed. MRE combined with fibrosis-4 (MEFIB-index), and MRI-PDFF were used to measure liver fibrosis and fat, respectively. MEFIB-negative, MEFIB-positive+ MRI-PDFF ≥5% and MEFIB-positive+ MRI-PDFF <5% were defined as no significant liver fibrosis, NASH with significant fibrosis and higher liver fat content, and NASH with significant fibrosis and low liver fat content groups, respectively. The primary outcome was hepatic decompensation, HCC and death. RESULTS The rates of decompensation, HCC and mortality were highest in the NASH with significant fibrosis and low liver fat group (33%, 17% and 17%, respectively), followed by the NASH with significant fibrosis and higher liver fat group (18%, 13% and 13% respectively), and lowest in the no significant fibrosis (MEFIB-negative) group (0%, 1% and 2% respectively). In multivariable-adjusted analysis, low liver fat content was strongly associated (HR = 42.2 [95% CI: 7.5-235.5, p < 0.0001]) with HCC, decompensation and death. Sensitivity analyses for patients with cirrhosis (MRE ≥5 kPa) determined consistent findings. CONCLUSIONS Low liver fat content in patients with burnt-out NASH-related significant fibrosis and cirrhosis is associated with an increase in hepatic decompensation, HCC and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Lee
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daniel Q. Huang
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ricki Bettencourt
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Veeral Ajmera
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Monica Tincopa
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nabil Noureddin
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Maral Amangurbanova
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Harris Siddiqi
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Egbert Madamba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Abdul M. Majzoub
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tarek Nayfeh
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nobuharu Tamaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Namiki Izumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ramzan Idilman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mesut Gumussoy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Digdem Kuru Oz
- Department of Radiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Erden
- Department of Radiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Valenti L, Aghemo A, Forner A, Petta S, Romeo S, Nahon P. Measuring the impact of the updated Steatotic liver disease nomenclature and definition. Liver Int 2023; 43:2340-2342. [PMID: 37846803 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Precision Medicine, Biological Resource Center and Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Aghemo
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alejandro Forner
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, ICMDM, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Cardiology Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierre Nahon
- APHP, Liver Unit, Bobigny, France
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, F-93000, Bobigny, France
- Inserm, UMR-1138 "Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors", Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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6
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Ishii Y, Tsuchiya A, Natsui K, Koseki Y, Takeda N, Tomiyoshi K, Yamazaki F, Yoshida Y, Shimbo T, Tamai K, Terai S. Synthesized HMGB1 peptide prevents the progression of inflammation, steatosis, fibrosis, and tumor occurrence in a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis mouse model. Hepatol Res 2022; 52:985-997. [PMID: 35932481 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with fibrosis eventually leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, the development of therapies other than dietary restriction and exercise, particularly those that suppress steatosis and fibrosis of the liver and have a long-term beneficial effect, is necessary. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of the HMGB1 peptide synthesized from box A using the melanocortin-4 receptor-deficient (Mc4r-KO) NASH model mouse. METHODS We performed short- and long-term administration of this peptide and evaluated the effects on steatosis, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis using Mc4r-KO mice. We also analyzed the direct effect of this peptide on macrophages and hepatic stellate cells in vitro and performed lipidomics and metabolomics techniques to evaluate the effect. RESULTS Although this peptide did not show direct effects on macrophages and hepatic stellate cells in vitro, in the short-term administration model, we could confirm the reduction of liver damage, steatosis, and fibrosis progression. The results of lipidomics and metabolomics suggested that the peptide might ameliorate NASH by promoting lipolysis via the activation of fatty acid β-oxidation and improving insulin resistance. In the long-term administration model, this peptide prevented progression to cirrhosis but retained the steatosis state, that is, the peptide prevents the progression to "burnt-out NASH." This peptide inhibited carcinogenesis by about one-third. CONCLUSION This HMGB1 peptide can reduce liver damage, improve fibrosis and steatosis, and inhibit carcinogenesis, suggesting that the peptide would be a new treatment candidate for NASH and can contribute to the long-term prognosis for patients with NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Ishii
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsunori Tsuchiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuki Natsui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Youhei Koseki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Takeda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kei Tomiyoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fusako Yamazaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimbo
- Department of Stem Cell Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,StemRIM Institute of Regeneration-Inducing Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuto Tamai
- Department of Stem Cell Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Mann JP, Romeo S, Valenti L. Lipid droplets as the genetic nexus of fatty liver. Liver Int 2022; 42:2594-2596. [PMID: 36415176 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jake P Mann
- Liver unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Luca Valenti
- Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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8
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Yu J, Pajvani UB. Tumorigenesis from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2022; 2:544-546. [PMID: 37724256 PMCID: PMC10471092 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with metabolic syndrome is increasing to be a main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism of tumorigenesis in NASH induced HCC is still not clear. In this perspective, we will discuss the recent progress that has been made to understand the genetic change and the immune microenvironment of HCC, and the remaining questions. Based on the current study, NASH-HCC is likely to have novel mechanism, which needs more investigation in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Utpal B. Pajvani
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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9
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Galatou E, Mourelatou E, Hatziantoniou S, Vizirianakis IS. Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) and Atherosclerosis: Explaining Their Pathophysiology, Association and the Role of Incretin-Based Drugs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1060. [PMID: 35739957 PMCID: PMC9220192 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most severe manifestation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common complication of type 2 diabetes, and may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Oxidative stress and liver cell damage are the major triggers of the severe hepatic inflammation that characterizes NASH, which is highly correlated with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Regarding drug therapy, research on the role of GLP-1 analogues and DPP4 inhibitors, novel classes of antidiabetic drugs, is growing. In this review, we outline the association between NASH and atherosclerosis, the underlying molecular mechanisms, and the effects of incretin-based drugs, especially GLP-1 RAs, for the therapeutic management of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Galatou
- Department of Life & Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Elena Mourelatou
- Department of Life & Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Sophia Hatziantoniou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Ioannis S. Vizirianakis
- Department of Life & Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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