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Breslin JW. Edema and lymphatic clearance: molecular mechanisms and ongoing challenges. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1451-1476. [PMID: 37732545 PMCID: PMC11025659 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Resolution of edema remains a significant clinical challenge. Conditions such as traumatic shock, sepsis, or diabetes often involve microvascular hyperpermeability, which leads to tissue and organ dysfunction. Lymphatic insufficiency due to genetic causes, surgical removal of lymph nodes, or infections, leads to varying degrees of tissue swelling that impair mobility and immune defenses. Treatment options are limited to management of edema as there are no specific therapeutics that have demonstrated significant success for ameliorating microvascular leakage or impaired lymphatic function. This review examines current knowledge about the physiological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms that control microvascular permeability and lymphatic clearance, the respective processes for interstitial fluid formation and removal. Clinical conditions featuring edema, along with potential future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, FL, U.S.A
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2
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Jo M, Trujillo AN, Shibahara N, Breslin JW. Impact of Goreisan components on rat mesenteric collecting lymphatic vessel pumping. Microcirculation 2023; 30:e12788. [PMID: 36169611 PMCID: PMC10043042 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Goreisan is a traditional herbal formulation with diuretic properties tested as a clinical therapeutic to alleviate lymphedema in Japan. The present study aimed to determine how Goreisan and its five different components affect lymphatic pump function. METHODS Mesenteric collecting lymphatics were isolated from anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats and mounted on resistance-matched glass micropipettes in a 37°C physiological salt solution bath for studies. Diameter was continuously measured to obtain the following lymphatic pump parameters: contraction frequency (CF), end diastolic diameter (EDD), and end systolic diameter (ESD), contraction amplitude (AMP), ejection fraction (EF), and fractional pump flow (FPF). Goreisan and each of its components (Cinnamomi Cortex, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Alismatis Rhizoma, Polyporus, and Poria) were applied to the bath at concentrations of 1-30 μg/mL. RESULTS The results show that while Goreisan causes no significant changes to lymphatic pumping, Alismatis Rhizoma and Polyporus each significantly reduce CF and FPF. In addition, rats that received oral administration of Goreisan and Alismatis Rhizoma for 1 week had elevated expression of VEGFR-3 in their mesenteric collecting lymphatics. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the results suggest that some components of Goreisan have a direct, rapid impact on lymphatic pumping. These findings provide new insights but also raise new questions about the therapeutic potential of Goreisan in patients with secondary lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Jo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
- Division of Presymptomatic Disease, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Andrea N. Trujillo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Naotoshi Shibahara
- Kampo Education and Training Center, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Jerome W. Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
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3
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Breslin JW. Lymphatic Clearance and Pump Function. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a041187. [PMID: 35667711 PMCID: PMC9899645 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels have an active role in draining excess interstitial fluid from organs and serving as conduits for immune cell trafficking to lymph nodes. In the central circulation, the force needed to propel blood forward is generated by the heart. In contrast, lymphatic vessels rely on intrinsic vessel contractions in combination with extrinsic forces for lymph propulsion. The intrinsic pumping features phasic contractions generated by lymphatic smooth muscle. Periodic, bicuspid valves composed of endothelial cells prevent backflow of lymph. This work provides a brief overview of lymph transport, including initial lymph formation along with cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling lymphatic vessel pumping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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4
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Majgaard J, Skov FG, Kim S, Hjortdal VE, Boedtkjer DMB. Positive chronotropic action of HCN channel antagonism in human collecting lymphatic vessels. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15401. [PMID: 35980021 PMCID: PMC9387113 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous action potentials precede phasic contractile activity in human collecting lymphatic vessels. In this study, we investigated the expression of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels in human collecting lymphatics and by pharmacological inhibition ex vivo tested their potential role in controlling contractile function. Spontaneous and agonist-evoked tension changes of isolated thoracic duct and mesenteric lymphatic vessels-obtained from surgical patients with informed consent-were investigated by isometric myography, and ivabradine, ZD7288 or cesium were used to inhibit HCN. Analysis of HCN isoforms by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence revealed HCN2 to be the predominantly expressed mRNA isoform in human thoracic duct and mesenteric lymphatic vessels and HCN2-immunoreactivity confirmed protein expression in both vessel types. However, in functional experiments ex vivo the HCN inhibitors ivabradine, ZD7288, and cesium failed to lower contraction frequency: conversely, all three antagonists induced a positive chronotropic effect with concurrent negative inotropic action, though these effects first occurred at concentrations regarded as supramaximal for HCN inhibition. Based on these results, we conclude that human collecting vessels express HCN channel proteins but under the ex vivo experimental conditions described here HCN channels have little involvement in regulating contraction frequency in human collecting lymphatic vessels. Furthermore, HCN antagonists can produce concentration-dependent positive chronotropic and negative inotropic effects, which are apparently unrelated to HCN antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Majgaard
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Sukhan Kim
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Vibeke Elisabeth Hjortdal
- Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular SurgeryAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - Donna M. B. Boedtkjer
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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5
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Pal S, Gashev A, Roy D. Nuclear localization of histamine receptor 2 in primary human lymphatic endothelial cells. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio059191. [PMID: 35776777 PMCID: PMC9257380 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine exerts its physiological functions through its four receptor subtypes. In this work, we report the subcellular localization of histamine receptor 2 (H2R), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), which is expressed in a wide variety of cell and tissue types. A growing number of GPCRs have been shown to be localized in the nucleus and contribute toward transcriptional regulation. In this study, for the first time, we demonstrate the nuclear localization of H2R in lymphatic endothelial cells. In the presence of its ligand, we show significant upregulation of H2R nuclear translocation kinetics. Using fluorescently tagged histamine, we explored H2R-histamine binding interaction, which exhibits a critical role in this translocation event. Altogether, our results highlight the previously unrecognized nuclear localization pattern of H2R. At the same time, H2R as a GPCR imparts many unresolved questions, such as the functional relevance of this localization, and whether H2R can contribute directly to transcriptional regulation and can affect lymphatic specific gene expression. H2R blockers are commonly used medications that recently have shown significant side effects. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the precise molecular mechanism of H2R biology. In this aspect, our present data shed new light on the unexplored H2R signaling mechanisms. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Pal
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77843, USA
| | - Anatoliy Gashev
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77843, USA
| | - Debarshi Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS 39096, USA
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6
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Si H, Yin C, Wang W, Davies P, Sanchez E, Suntravat M, Zawieja D, Cromer W. Effect of the snake venom component crotamine on lymphatic endothelial cell responses and lymph transport. Microcirculation 2022; 30:e12775. [PMID: 35689804 PMCID: PMC9850291 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathology of snake envenomation is closely tied to the severity of edema in the tissue surrounding the area of the bite. Elucidating the mechanisms that promote the development of such severe edema is critical to a better understanding of how to treat this life-threatening injury. We focused on one of the most abundant venom components in North American viper venom, crotamine, and the effects it has on the cells and function of the lymphatic system. METHODS We used RT-PCR to identify the location and relative abundance of crotamine's cellular targets (Kvα channels) within the tissues and cells of the lymphatic system. We used calcium flux, nitrate production, and cell morphometry to determine the effects of crotamine on lymphatic endothelial cells. We used tracer transport, node morphometry, and node deposition to determine the effects of crotamine on lymph transport in vivo. RESULTS We found that genes that encode targets of crotamine are highly present in lymphatic tissues and cells and that there is a differential distribution of those genes that correlates with phasic contractile activity. We found that crotamine potentiates calcium flux in human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells in response to stimulation with histamine and sheer stress (but not alone) and that it alters the production of nitric oxide in response to shear as well as changes the level of F-actin polymerization of those same cells. Crotamine alters lymphatic transport of large molecular weight tracers to local lymph nodes and is deposited within the node mostly in the immediate subcapsular region. CONCLUSION This evidence suggests that snake venom components may have an impact on the function of the lymphatic system. This needs to be studied in greater detail as there are numerous venom components that may have effects on aspects of the lymphatic system. This would not only provide basic information on the pathobiology of snakebite but also provide targets for improved therapeutics to treat snakebite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Si
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center
| | - Chunhiu Yin
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Institute of Biosciences and Technology
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center
| | - Peter Davies
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Institute of Biosciences and Technology
| | - Elda Sanchez
- National Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M Kingsville
| | | | - David Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center
| | - Walter Cromer
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center
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Russell PS, Hong J, Trevaskis NL, Windsor JA, Martin ND, Phillips ARJ. Lymphatic Contractile Function: A Comprehensive Review of Drug Effects and Potential Clinical Application. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2437-2457. [PMID: 34415332 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lymphatic system and the cardiovascular system work together to maintain body fluid homeostasis. Despite that, the lymphatic system has been relatively neglected as a potential drug target and a source of adverse effects from cardiovascular drugs. Like the heart, the lymphatic vessels undergo phasic contractions to promote lymph flow against a pressure gradient. Dysfunction or failure of the lymphatic pump results in fluid imbalance and tissue oedema. While this can due to drug effects, it is also a feature of breast cancer-associated lymphoedema, chronic venous insufficiency, congestive heart failure and acute systemic inflammation. There are currently no specific drug treatments for lymphatic pump dysfunction in clinical use despite the wealth of data from pre-clinical studies. AIM To identify (1) drugs with direct effects on lymphatic tonic and phasic contractions with potential for clinical application, and (2) drugs in current clinical use that have a positive or negative side effect on lymphatic function. METHODS We comprehensively reviewed all studies that tested the direct effect of a drug on the contractile function of lymphatic vessels. RESULTS Of the 208 drugs identified from 193 studies, about a quarter had only stimulatory effects on lymphatic tone, contraction frequency and/or contraction amplitude. Of FDA-approved drugs, there were 14 that increased lymphatic phasic contractile function. The most frequently used class of drug with inhibitory effects on lymphatic pump function were the calcium channels blockers. CONCLUSION This review highlights the opportunity for specific drug treatments of lymphatic dysfunction in various disease states and for avoiding adverse drug effects on lymphatic contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Russell
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jiwon Hong
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Natalie L Trevaskis
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John A Windsor
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Niels D Martin
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony R J Phillips
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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8
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Razavi MS, Dixon JB, Gleason RL. Characterization of rat tail lymphatic contractility and biomechanics: incorporating nitric oxide-mediated vasoregulation. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200598. [PMID: 32993429 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system transports lymph from the interstitial space back to the great veins via a series of orchestrated contractions of chains of lymphangions. Biomechanical models of lymph transport, validated with ex vivo or in vivo experimental results, have proved useful in revealing novel insight into lymphatic pumping; however, a need remains to characterize the contributions of vasoregulatory compounds in these modelling tools. Nitric oxide (NO) is a key mediator of lymphatic pumping. We quantified the active contractile and passive biaxial biomechanical response of rat tail collecting lymphatics and changes in the contractile response to the exogenous NO administration and integrated these findings into a biomechanical model. The passive mechanical response was characterized with a three-fibre family model. Nonlinear regression and non-parametric bootstrapping were used to identify best-fit material parameters to passive cylindrical biaxial mechanical data, assessing uniqueness and parameter confidence intervals; this model yielded a good fit (R2 = 0.90). Exogenous delivery of NO via sodium nitroprusside (SNP) elicited a dose-dependent suppression of contractions; the amplitude of contractions decreased by 30% and the contraction frequency decreased by 70%. Contractile function was characterized with a modified Rachev-Hayashi model, introducing a parameter that is related to SNP concentration; the model provided a good fit (R2 = 0.89) to changes in contractile responses to varying concentrations of SNP. These results demonstrated the significant role of NO in lymphatic pumping and provide a predictive biomechanical model to integrate the combined effect of mechanical loading and NO on lymphatic contractility and mechanical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Razavi
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30313, USA
| | - J Brandon Dixon
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30313, USA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, 313 Ferst Drive, Atanta, GA 30332, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Rudolph L Gleason
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30313, USA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, 313 Ferst Drive, Atanta, GA 30332, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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9
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Pruitt LG. Lymphatic flow modulation as adjunct therapy for septic shock. Med Hypotheses 2020; 142:109748. [PMID: 32339860 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system is an important component of human health and is critical in maintaining microcirculatory flow and immune system homeostasis. During septic shock, increased capillary permeability results in excess filtration of intravascular fluid and solutes producing interstitial edema with subsequent hydrostatic and oncotic gradient breakdown. The accumulation of interstitial fluid results in impaired solute exchange, leukocyte signaling, and aberrancy in capillary flow. Modulation of lymphatic flow during times of interstitial volume overload such as septic shock may decrease interstitial volume resulting in improved perfusion, decreased end-organ damage, and contribute to disease resolution. Multiple studies in both humans and animals have shown nitric oxide to be a potent modulator of lymphatic function. The present study suggests a hypothetical adjunct therapy for patients with septic shock through the use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors, which may improve microcirculatory flow by decreasing interstitial fluid volume via increased lymphatic fluid drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Gordon Pruitt
- Saint Anthony Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, 11567 Canterwood Boulevard Northwest, Gig Harbor, WA 98332, United States.
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10
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Fang-Ji-Huang-Qi-Tang Attenuates Degeneration of Early-Stage KOA Mice Related to Promoting Joint Lymphatic Drainage Function. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3471681. [PMID: 32280355 PMCID: PMC7109589 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3471681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of articular cartilage, subchondral bone remodeling, and inflammation of the synovium. In this study, we investigated whether Fang-Ji-Huang-Qi-Tang (FJHQT) decoction improved the joint structure of OA or delayed the process of knee joint degeneration in OA mice by promoting lymphatic drain function. The mice were randomly divided into four groups, the sham group, the PBS group, the FJHQT-treated group, and the Mobic-treated group. The mice in each group were tested for lymphatic draining function at 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks postsurgery (WPS), then sacrificed (N = 10/group). Using a near-infrared indocyanine green (NIR-ICG) lymphatic imaging system, we found that the lymphatic drain function was significantly reduced in the PBS group compared with the sham group. After treatment with the FJHQT decoction, the lymphatic draining function improved at 4 wps and 6 wps. The results of the analysis indicated a strong correlation between lymphatic draining function (ICG clearance) and the degree of joint structural damage (OARSI score). By Alcian blue/orange G (ABOG) staining of the paraffin sections, the FJHQT-treated group exhibited less cartilage destruction and lower OARSI scores. Moreover, the result of immunohistochemical staining (IHC) shows that FJHQT decoction increased the content of type II collagen in knee joints of OA mice at 4 wps and 6 wps. By the double immunofluorescence staining of podoplanin and smooth muscle actin in the paraffin sections, the capillaries and mature lymphatics in the FJHQT group increased at 4 wps. In conclusion, the FJHQT decoction can increase lymphatic vessel number, promote joint lymphatic draining function, and postpone knee osteoarthritis pathologic progression in the early stage of a collagen-induced mouse model. Therefore, the application of sufficient lymphatic drainage in the knee joint may be a new treatment method for knee joint osteoarthritis (KOA).
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11
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Pal S, Gasheva OY, Zawieja DC, Meininger CJ, Gashev AA. Histamine-mediated autocrine signaling in mesenteric perilymphatic mast cells. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R590-R604. [PMID: 31913658 PMCID: PMC7099465 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00255.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels play a critical role in mounting a proper immune response by trafficking peripheral immune cells to draining lymph nodes. Mast cells (MCs) are well known for their roles in type I hypersensitivity reactions, but little is known about their secretory regulation in the lymphatic niche. MCs, as innate sensor and effector cells, reside close to mesenteric lymphatic vessels (MLVs), and their activation and ability to release histamine influences the lymphatic microenvironment in a histamine-NF-κB-dependent manner. Using an established experimental protocol involving surgical isolation of rat mesenteric tissue segments, including MLVs and surrounding perilymphatic tissues, we tested the hypothesis that perilymphatic mesenteric MCs possess histamine receptors (HRs) that bind and respond to the histamine released from these same MCs. Under various experimental conditions, including inflammatory stimulation by LPS, we measured histamine in mesenteric perilymphatic tissues, evaluated expression of histidine decarboxylase in MCs along with the degree of MC degranulation, assessed the functional status of HRs in MCs, and evaluated the ability of histamine itself to induce MC activation. Finally, we evaluated the importance of MCs and HR1 and -2 for MLV-directed trafficking of CD11b/c-positive cells during acute tissue inflammation. Our data indicate the existence of a functionally potent MC-histamine autocrine regulatory loop, the elements of which are crucially important for acute inflammation-induced trafficking of the CD11b/c-positive cells toward MLVs. This MC-histamine loop serves as a first-line cellular servo control system, playing a key role in the innate and adaptive immune response as well as NF-κB-mediated maintenance of body homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Pal
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Olga Y Gasheva
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Anatoliy A Gashev
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
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12
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Jo M, Trujillo AN, Yang Y, Breslin JW. Evidence of functional ryanodine receptors in rat mesenteric collecting lymphatic vessels. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H561-H574. [PMID: 31274355 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00564.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, the potential contributions of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) to intrinsic pumping and responsiveness to substance P (SP) were investigated in isolated rat mesenteric collecting lymphatic vessels. Responses to SP were characterized in lymphatic vessels in the absence or presence of pretreatment with nifedipine to block L-type Ca2+ channels, caffeine to block normal release and uptake of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, ryanodine to block all RyR isoforms, or dantrolene to more selectively block RyR1 and RyR3. RyR expression and localization in lymphatics was also assessed by quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. The results show that SP normally elicits a significant increase in contraction frequency and a decrease in end-diastolic diameter. In the presence of nifedipine, phasic contractions stop, yet subsequent SP treatment still elicits a strong tonic contraction. Caffeine treatment gradually relaxes lymphatics, causing a loss of phasic contractions, and prevents subsequent SP-induced tonic contraction. Ryanodine also gradually diminishes phasic contractions but without causing vessel relaxation and significantly inhibits the SP-induced tonic contraction. Dantrolene treatment did not significantly impair lymphatic contractions nor the response to SP. The mRNA for all RyR isoforms is detectable in isolated lymphatics. RyR2 and RyR3 proteins are found predominantly in the collecting lymphatic smooth muscle layer. Collectively, the data suggest that SP-induced tonic contraction requires both extracellular Ca2+ plus Ca2+ release from internal stores and that RyRs play a role in the normal contractions and responsiveness to SP of rat mesenteric collecting lymphatics.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mechanisms that govern contractions of lymphatic vessels remain unclear. Tonic contraction of lymphatic vessels caused by substance P was blocked by caffeine, which prevents normal uptake and release of Ca2+ from internal stores, but not nifedipine, which blocks L-type channel-mediated Ca2+ entry. Ryanodine, which also disrupts normal sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release and reuptake, significantly inhibited substance P-induced tonic contraction. Ryanodine receptors 2 and 3 were detected within the smooth muscle layer of collecting lymphatic vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Jo
- Department of Kampo Diagnostics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Andrea N Trujillo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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13
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Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature plays a crucial role in regulating the inflammatory response by influencing drainage of extravasated fluid, inflammatory mediators, and leukocytes. Lymphatic vessels undergo pronounced enlargement in inflamed tissue and display increased leakiness, indicating reduced functionality. Interfering with lymphatic expansion by blocking the vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C)/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) signaling axis exacerbates inflammation in a variety of disease models, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis and skin inflammation. In contrast, stimulation of the lymphatic vasculature, e.g., by transgenic or viral overexpression as well as local injections of VEGF-C, has been shown to reduce inflammation severity in models of rheumatoid arthritis, skin inflammation, and IBD. Strikingly, the induced expansion of the lymphatic vasculature improves lymphatic function as assessed by the drainage of dyes, fluorescent tracers or inflammatory cells and labeled antigens. The drainage performance of lymphatic vessels is influenced by vascular permeability and pumping activity, which are influenced by VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling as well as several inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and nitric oxide. Considering the beneficial effects of lymphatic activation in inflammation, administration of pro-lymphangiogenic factors like VEGF-C, preferably in a targeted, inflammation site-specific fashion, represents a promising therapeutic approach in the setting of inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Gasheva OY, Tsoy Nizamutdinova I, Hargrove L, Gobbell C, Troyanova-Wood M, Alpini SF, Pal S, Du C, Hitt AR, Yakovlev VV, Newell-Rogers MK, Zawieja DC, Meininger CJ, Alpini GD, Francis H, Gashev AA. Prolonged intake of desloratadine: mesenteric lymphatic vessel dysfunction and development of obesity/metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G217-G227. [PMID: 30475062 PMCID: PMC6383386 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00321.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish mechanistic links between the prolonged intake of desloratadine, a common H1 receptor blocker (i.e., antihistamine), and development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 16 wk with desloratadine. We analyzed the dynamics of body weight gain, tissue fat accumulation/density, contractility of isolated mesenteric lymphatic vessels, and levels of blood lipids, glucose, and insulin, together with parameters of liver function. Prolonged intake of desloratadine induced development of an obesity-like phenotype and signs of metabolic syndrome. These alterations in the body included excessive weight gain, increased density of abdominal subcutaneous fat and intracapsular brown fat, high blood triglycerides with an indication of their rerouting toward portal blood, high HDL, high fasting blood glucose with normal fasting and nonfasting insulin levels (insulin resistance), high liver/body weight ratio, and liver steatosis (fatty liver). These changes were associated with dysfunction of mesenteric lymphatic vessels, specifically high lymphatic tone and resistance to flow together with diminished tonic and abolished phasic responses to increases in flow, (i.e., greatly diminished adaptive reserves to respond to postprandial increases in lymph flow). The role of nitric oxide in this flow-dependent adaptation was abolished, with remnants of these responses controlled by lymphatic vessel-derived histamine. Our current data, considered together with reports in the literature, support the notion that millions of the United States population are highly likely affected by underevaluated, lymphatic-related side effects of antihistamines and may develop obesity and metabolic syndrome due to the prolonged intake of this medication. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Prolonged intake of desloratadine induced development of obesity and metabolic syndrome associated with dysfunction of mesenteric lymphatic vessels, high lymphatic tone, and resistance to flow together with greatly diminished adaptive reserves to respond to postprandial increases in lymph flow. Data support the notion that millions of the USA population are highly likely affected by underevaluated, lymphatic-related side effects of antihistamines and may develop obesity and metabolic syndrome due to the prolonged intake of this medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Y. Gasheva
- 1Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Irina Tsoy Nizamutdinova
- 1Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Laura Hargrove
- 2Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
| | - Cassidy Gobbell
- 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Maria Troyanova-Wood
- 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | | | - Sarit Pal
- 1Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Christina Du
- 4Department of Comparative Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Angie R. Hitt
- 4Department of Comparative Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Vlad V. Yakovlev
- 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - M. Karen Newell-Rogers
- 1Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - David C. Zawieja
- 1Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Cynthia J. Meininger
- 1Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Gianfranco D. Alpini
- 1Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas,2Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
| | - Heather Francis
- 1Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas,2Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
| | - Anatoliy A. Gashev
- 1Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
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15
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Breslin JW, Yang Y, Scallan JP, Sweat RS, Adderley SP, Murfee WL. Lymphatic Vessel Network Structure and Physiology. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:207-299. [PMID: 30549020 PMCID: PMC6459625 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system is comprised of a network of vessels interrelated with lymphoid tissue, which has the holistic function to maintain the local physiologic environment for every cell in all tissues of the body. The lymphatic system maintains extracellular fluid homeostasis favorable for optimal tissue function, removing substances that arise due to metabolism or cell death, and optimizing immunity against bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other antigens. This article provides a comprehensive review of important findings over the past century along with recent advances in the understanding of the anatomy and physiology of lymphatic vessels, including tissue/organ specificity, development, mechanisms of lymph formation and transport, lymphangiogenesis, and the roles of lymphatics in disease. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:207-299, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome W. Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Joshua P. Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Richard S. Sweat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Shaquria P. Adderley
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - W. Lee Murfee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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16
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Gasheva OY, Trzeciakowski JP, Gashev AA, Zawieja DC. Temporal Dynamics of the Rat Thoracic Duct Contractility in the Presence of Imposed Flow. Lymphat Res Biol 2018; 15:324-330. [PMID: 29252139 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2017.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The initial periods of increased flow inside lymphatic vessels demonstrate specific temporary patterns of self-tuning of lymphatic vessel contractility that are heterogeneous across regional lymphatic networks. The current literature primarily refers to the immediate and fast reactions of the lymphangions to increases in basal flow. Until now, there were no available data on how the lymphatic vessels react to comparatively longer periods of imposed flow. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we measured and analyzed the contractility of the rat thoracic duct segments, isolated, cannulated, and pressurized at 3 cm H2O at no imposed flow conditions and during 4 hours of imposed flow (constant transaxial pressure gradient of 2 cm H2O). We found the development of a progressing lymphatic tonic relaxation and inhibition of the lymphatic contraction frequency over 4 hours of imposed flow. After a short initial decrease, lymphatic phasic contraction amplitude rose significantly during the first hour of imposed flow, and it demonstrated a trend to return toward control levels after 3 hours of imposed flow. As a result, the fractional pump flow (active lymph pumping per minute) of isolated thoracic duct segments reached and maintained a statistically significant decrease (from control no-flow conditions) at the end of the third hour of imposed flow. CONCLUSIONS Our new findings provide a better understanding of how lymphatic contractility changes during the development of prolonged periods of steady lymph flow. The latter may occur during the initial phases of development of an inflammatory-related tissue edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Yu Gasheva
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , Temple/College Station, Texas
| | - Jerome P Trzeciakowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , Temple/College Station, Texas
| | - Anatoliy A Gashev
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , Temple/College Station, Texas
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , Temple/College Station, Texas
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17
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Abstract
The supply of oxygen and nutrients to tissues is performed by the blood system, and involves a net leakage of fluid outward at the capillary level. One of the principal functions of the lymphatic system is to gather this fluid and return it to the blood system to maintain overall fluid balance. Fluid in the interstitial spaces is often at subatmospheric pressure, and the return points into the venous system are at pressures of approximately 20 cmH2O. This adverse pressure difference is overcome by the active pumping of collecting lymphatic vessels, which feature closely spaced one-way valves and contractile muscle cells in their walls. Passive vessel squeezing causes further pumping. The dynamics of lymphatic pumping have been investigated experimentally and mathematically, revealing complex behaviours indicating that the system performance is robust against minor perturbations in pressure and flow. More serious disruptions can lead to incurable swelling of tissues called lymphœdema.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Moore
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London
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18
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Abstract
The supply of oxygen and nutrients to tissues is performed by the blood system, and involves a net leakage of fluid outward at the capillary level. One of the principal functions of the lymphatic system is to gather this fluid and return it to the blood system to maintain overall fluid balance. Fluid in the interstitial spaces is often at subatmospheric pressure, and the return points into the venous system are at pressures of approximately 20 cmH2O. This adverse pressure difference is overcome by the active pumping of collecting lymphatic vessels, which feature closely spaced one-way valves and contractile muscle cells in their walls. Passive vessel squeezing causes further pumping. The dynamics of lymphatic pumping have been investigated experimentally and mathematically, revealing complex behaviours indicating that the system performance is robust against minor perturbations in pressure and flow. More serious disruptions can lead to incurable swelling of tissues called lymphœdema.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Moore
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London
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19
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Nizamutdinova IT, Dusio GF, Gasheva OY, Skoog H, Tobin R, Peddaboina C, Meininger CJ, Zawieja DC, Newell-Rogers MK, Gashev AA. Mast cells and histamine are triggering the NF-κB-mediated reactions of adult and aged perilymphatic mesenteric tissues to acute inflammation. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:3065-3090. [PMID: 27875806 PMCID: PMC5191886 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish mechanistic links between the aging-associated changes in the functional status of mast cells and the altered responses of mesenteric tissue and mesenteric lymphatic vessels (MLVs) to acute inflammation. We used an in vivo model of acute peritoneal inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide treatment of adult (9-month) and aged (24-month) F-344 rats. We analyzed contractility of isolated MLVs, mast cell activation, activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) without and with stabilization of mast cells by cromolyn or blockade of all types of histamine receptors and production of 27 major pro-inflammatory cytokines in adult and aged perilymphatic mesenteric tissues and blood. We found that the reactivity of aged contracting lymphatic vessels to LPS-induced acute inflammation was abolished and that activated mast cells trigger NF-κB signaling in the mesentery through release of histamine. The aging-associated basal activation of mesenteric mast cells limits acute inflammatory NF-κB activation in aged mesentery. We conclude that proper functioning of the mast cell/histamine/NF-κB axis is necessary for reactions of the lymphatic vessels to acute inflammatory stimuli as well as for interaction and trafficking of immune cells near and within the collecting lymphatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tsoy Nizamutdinova
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Giuseppina F Dusio
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Olga Yu Gasheva
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Hunter Skoog
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Richard Tobin
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Chander Peddaboina
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - M Karen Newell-Rogers
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Anatoliy A Gashev
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
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20
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Trujillo AN, Katnik C, Cuevas J, Cha BJ, Taylor-Clark TE, Breslin JW. Modulation of mesenteric collecting lymphatic contractions by σ 1-receptor activation and nitric oxide production. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H839-H853. [PMID: 28778917 PMCID: PMC5668603 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00702.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it has been reported that a σ-receptor antagonist could reduce inflammation-induced edema. Lymphatic vessels play an essential role in removing excess interstitial fluid. We tested the hypothesis that activation of σ-receptors would reduce or weaken collecting lymphatic contractions. We used isolated, cannulated rat mesenteric collecting lymphatic vessels to study contractions in response to the σ-receptor agonist afobazole in the absence and presence of different σ-receptor antagonists. We used RT-PCR and Western blot analysis to investigate whether these vessels express the σ1-receptor and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy to examine localization of the σ1-receptor in the collecting lymphatic wall. Using N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) pretreatment before afobazole in isolated lymphatics, we tested the role of nitric oxide (NO) signaling. Finally, we used 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate fluorescence as an indicator to test whether afobazole increases NO release in cultured lymphatic endothelial cells. Our results show that afobazole (50-150 µM) elevated end-systolic diameter and generally reduced pump efficiency and that this response could be partially blocked by the σ1-receptor antagonists BD 1047 and BD 1063 but not by the σ2-receptor antagonist SM-21. σ1-Receptor mRNA and protein were detected in lysates from isolated rat mesenteric collecting lymphatics. Confocal images with anti-σ1-receptor antibody labeling suggested localization in the lymphatic endothelium. Blockade of NO synthases with l-NAME inhibited the effects of afobazole. Finally, afobazole elicited increases in NO production from cultured lymphatic endothelial cells. Our findings suggest that the σ1-receptor limits collecting lymphatic pumping through a NO-dependent mechanism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Relatively little is known about the mechanisms that govern contractions of lymphatic vessels. σ1-Receptor activation has been shown to reduce the fractional pump flow of isolated rat mesenteric collecting lymphatics. The σ1-receptor was localized mainly in the endothelium, and blockade of nitric oxide synthase inhibited the effects of afobazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Trujillo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Christopher Katnik
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Javier Cuevas
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Byeong Jake Cha
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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21
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Nizamutdinova IT, Maejima D, Nagai T, Meininger CJ, Gashev AA. Histamine as an Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor in Aged Mesenteric Lymphatic Vessels. Lymphat Res Biol 2017; 15:136-145. [PMID: 28453392 PMCID: PMC5488315 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2016.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of the mechanisms by which aging affects contracting lymphatic vessels remains incomplete; therefore, the functional role of histamine in the reaction of aged lymphatic vessels to increases in flow remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured and analyzed parameters of lymphatic contractility in isolated and pressurized rat mesenteric lymphatic vessels (MLVs) obtained from 9- and 24-month Fischer-344 rats under control conditions and after pharmacological blockade of nitric oxide (NO) by Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 100 μM) or/and blockade of histamine production by α-methyl-DL-histidine dihydrochloride (α-MHD, 10 μM). We also quantitatively compared results of immunohistochemical labeling of the histamine-producing enzyme, histidine decarboxylase (HDC) in adult and aged MLVs. Our data provide the first demonstration of an increased functional role of histamine as an endothelial-derived relaxing factor in aged MLVs, which appears in parallel with the abolished role of NO in the reactions of these lymph vessels to increases in flow. In addition, we found an increased expression of HDC in endothelium of aged MLVs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide the basis for better understanding of the processes of aging in lymphatic vessels and for setting new important directions for investigations of the aging-associated disturbances in lymph flow and the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tsoy Nizamutdinova
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Daisuke Maejima
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
- Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagai
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
- Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Cynthia J. Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Anatoliy A. Gashev
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
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22
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Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature is not considered a formal part of the immune system, but it is critical to immunity. One of its major roles is in the coordination of the trafficking of antigen and immune cells. However, other roles in immunity are emerging. Lymphatic endothelial cells, for example, directly present antigen or express factors that greatly influence the local environment. We cover these topics herein and discuss how other properties of the lymphatic vasculature, such as mechanisms of lymphatic contraction (which immunologists traditionally do not take into account), are nonetheless integral in the immune system. Much is yet unknown, and this nascent subject is ripe for exploration. We argue that to consider the impact of lymphatic biology in any given immunological interaction is a key step toward integrating immunology with organ physiology and ultimately many complex pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Stoyan Ivanov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Bernd H Zinselmeyer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Joshua P Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612
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23
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Padera TP, Meijer EFJ, Munn LL. The Lymphatic System in Disease Processes and Cancer Progression. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2016; 18:125-58. [PMID: 26863922 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-112315-031200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Advances in our understanding of the structure and function of the lymphatic system have made it possible to identify its role in a variety of disease processes. Because it is involved not only in fluid homeostasis but also in immune cell trafficking, the lymphatic system can mediate and ultimately alter immune responses. Our rapidly increasing knowledge of the molecular control of the lymphatic system will inevitably lead to new and effective therapies for patients with lymphatic dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the molecular and physiological control of lymphatic vessel function and explore how the lymphatic system contributes to many disease processes, including cancer and lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Padera
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114;
| | - Eelco F J Meijer
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114;
| | - Lance L Munn
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114;
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24
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Adderley SP, Zhang XE, Breslin JW. Involvement of the H1 Histamine Receptor, p38 MAP Kinase, Myosin Light Chains Kinase, and Rho/ROCK in Histamine-Induced Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction. Microcirculation 2016; 22:237-48. [PMID: 25582918 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanisms by which histamine increases microvascular permeability remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that H1 receptor activation disrupts the endothelial barrier and investigated potential downstream signals. METHODS We used confluent EC monolayers, assessing TER as an index of barrier function. HUVEC, HCMEC, and HDMEC were compared. Receptor expression was investigated using Western blotting, IF confocal microscopy and RT-PCR. Receptor function and downstream signaling pathways were tested using pharmacologic antagonists and inhibitors, respectively. RESULTS We identified H1-H4 receptors on all three EC types. H1 antagonists did not affect basal TER but prevented the histamine-induced decrease in TER. Blockade of H2 or H3 attenuated the histamine response only in HDMEC, while inhibition of H4 attenuated the response only in HUVEC. Combined inhibition of both PKC and PI3K caused exaggerated histamine-induced barrier dysfunction in HDMEC, whereas inhibition of p38 MAP kinase attenuated the histamine response in all three EC types. Inhibition of RhoA, ROCK, or MLCK also prevented the histamine-induced decrease in TER in HDMEC. CONCLUSION The data suggest that multiple signaling pathways contribute to histamine-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction via the H1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaquria P Adderley
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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25
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Kornuta JA, Nepiyushchikh Z, Gasheva OY, Mukherjee A, Zawieja DC, Dixon JB. Effects of dynamic shear and transmural pressure on wall shear stress sensitivity in collecting lymphatic vessels. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R1122-34. [PMID: 26333787 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00342.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Given the known mechanosensitivity of the lymphatic vasculature, we sought to investigate the effects of dynamic wall shear stress (WSS) on collecting lymphatic vessels while controlling for transmural pressure. Using a previously developed ex vivo lymphatic perfusion system (ELPS) capable of independently controlling both transaxial pressure gradient and average transmural pressure on an isolated lymphatic vessel, we imposed a multitude of flow conditions on rat thoracic ducts, while controlling for transmural pressure and measuring diameter changes. By gradually increasing the imposed flow through a vessel, we determined the WSS at which the vessel first shows sign of contraction inhibition, defining this point as the shear stress sensitivity of the vessel. The shear stress threshold that triggered a contractile response was significantly greater at a transmural pressure of 5 cmH2O (0.97 dyne/cm(2)) than at 3 cmH2O (0.64 dyne/cm(2)). While contraction frequency was reduced when a steady WSS was applied, this inhibition was reversed when the applied WSS oscillated, even though the mean wall shear stresses between the conditions were not significantly different. When the applied oscillatory WSS was large enough, flow itself synchronized the lymphatic contractions to the exact frequency of the applied waveform. Both transmural pressure and the rate of change of WSS have significant impacts on the contractile response of lymphatic vessels to flow. Specifically, time-varying shear stress can alter the inhibition of phasic contraction frequency and even coordinate contractions, providing evidence that dynamic shear could play an important role in the contractile function of collecting lymphatic vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Kornuta
- Parker H. Petite Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhanna Nepiyushchikh
- Parker H. Petite Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Olga Y Gasheva
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Anish Mukherjee
- Parker H. Petite Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - J Brandon Dixon
- Parker H. Petite Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia;
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26
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Scallan JP, Davis MJ. Itching for answers: how histamine relaxes lymphatic vessels. Microcirculation 2015; 21:575-7. [PMID: 25123019 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the current issue of Microcirculation, studies by Kurtz et al. and Nizamutdinova et al. together provide new evidence supporting a role for histamine as an endothelial-derived molecule that inhibits lymphatic muscle contraction. In particular, Nizamutdinova et al. show that the effects of flow-induced shear stress on lymphatic endothelium are mediated by both nitric oxide and histamine, since only blockade of both prevents contraction strength and frequency from being altered by flow. Separately, Kurtz et al. used confocal microscopy to determine a preferential expression of histamine receptors on the lymphatic endothelium and demonstrated that histamine applied to spontaneously contracting collecting lymphatics inhibits contractions. Previous studies disagreed on whether histamine stimulates or inhibits lymphatic contractions, but also used differing concentrations, species, and preparations. Together these new reports shed light on how histamine acts within the lymphatic vasculature, but also raise important questions about the cell type on which histamine exerts its effects and the signaling pathways involved. This editorial briefly discusses the contribution of each study and its relevance to lymphatic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Scallan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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27
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Wang HH, Zhang LM, Zhao ZG, Niu CY. Reduction of contractility and reactivity in isolated lymphatics from hemorrhagic shock rats with resuscitation. Acta Cir Bras 2015; 30:216-21. [PMID: 25790011 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020150030000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the changes of contractility and reactivity in isolated lymphatics from hemorrhagic shock rats with resuscitation. METHODS Six rats in the shock group suffered hypotension for 90 min by hemorrhage, and resuscitation with shed blood and equal ringer's solution. Then, the contractility of lymphatics, obtained from thoracic ducts in rats of the shock and sham groups, were evaluated with an isolated lymphatic perfusion system using the indices of contractile frequency (CF), tonic index (TI), contractile amplitude (CA) and fractional pump flow (FPF). The lymphatic reactivity to substance P (SP) was evaluated with the different volume of CF, CA, TI and FPF between pre- and post-treatment of SP at different concentrations. RESULTS The CF, FPF, and TI of lymphatics obtained from the shocked rats were significantly decreased than that of the sham group. After SP stimulation, the ∆CF (1 × 10(-8), 3 × 10(-8), 1 × 10(-7), 3 × 10(-7) mol/L), ∆FPF (1 × 10(-8), 3 × 10(-8), 1 × 10(-7) mol/L), and ∆TI (1 × 10(-8) mol/L) of lymphatics in the shock group were also obviously lower compared with the sham group. In addition, there were no statistical differences in CA and ∆CA between two groups. CONCLUSION Lymphatic contractility and reactivity to substance P appears reduction following hemorrhagic shock with resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-huai Wang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Li-min Zhang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zi-gang Zhao
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Chun-yu Niu
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
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Munn LL. Mechanobiology of lymphatic contractions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 38:67-74. [PMID: 25636584 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic system is responsible for controlling tissue fluid pressure by facilitating flow of lymph (i.e. the plasma and cells that enter the lymphatic system). Because lymph contains cells of the immune system, its transport is not only important for fluid homeostasis, but also immune function. Lymph drainage can occur via passive flow or active pumping, and much research has identified the key biochemical and mechanical factors that affect output. Although many studies and reviews have addressed how tissue properties and fluid mechanics (i.e. pressure gradients) affect lymph transport [1-3] there is less known about lymphatic mechanobiology. As opposed to passive mechanical properties, mechanobiology describes the active coupling of mechanical signals and biochemical pathways. Lymphatic vasomotion is the result of a fascinating system affected by mechanical forces exerted by the flowing lymph, including pressure-induced vessel stretch and flow-induced shear stresses. These forces can trigger or modulate biochemical pathways important for controlling the lymphatic contractions. Here, I review the current understanding of lymphatic vessel function, focusing on vessel mechanobiology, and summarize the prospects for a comprehensive understanding that integrates the mechanical and biomechanical control mechanisms in the lymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance L Munn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
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Breslin JW. Mechanical forces and lymphatic transport. Microvasc Res 2014; 96:46-54. [PMID: 25107458 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the current understanding of how the lymphatic vessel network can optimize lymph flow in response to various mechanical forces. Lymphatics are organized as a vascular tree, with blind-ended initial lymphatics, precollectors, prenodal collecting lymphatics, lymph nodes, postnodal collecting lymphatics and the larger trunks (thoracic duct and right lymph duct) that connect to the subclavian veins. The formation of lymph from interstitial fluid depends heavily on oscillating pressure gradients to drive fluid into initial lymphatics. Collecting lymphatics are segmented vessels with unidirectional valves, with each segment, called a lymphangion, possessing an intrinsic pumping mechanism. The lymphangions propel lymph forward against a hydrostatic pressure gradient. Fluid is returned to the central circulation both at lymph nodes and via the larger lymphatic trunks. Several recent developments are discussed, including evidence for the active role of endothelial cells in lymph formation; recent developments on how inflow pressure, outflow pressure, and shear stress affect the pump function of the lymphangion; lymphatic valve gating mechanisms; collecting lymphatic permeability; and current interpretations of the molecular mechanisms within lymphatic endothelial cells and smooth muscle. An improved understanding of the physiological mechanisms by which lymphatic vessels sense mechanical stimuli, integrate the information, and generate the appropriate response is key for determining the pathogenesis of lymphatic insufficiency and developing treatments for lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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