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Qian H, Song L, Wang L, Yang Q, Wu R, Du J, Zheng B, Liang W. FolIws1-driven nuclear translocation of deacetylated FolTFIIS ensures conidiation of Fusarium oxysporum. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114588. [PMID: 39110594 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens pose a great threat to crop production. Conidiation of fungi is critical for disease epidemics and serves as a promising drug target. Here, we show that deacetylation of the FolTFIIS transcription elongation factor is indispensable for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) conidiation. Upon microconidiation, Fol decreases K76 acetylation of FolTFIIS by altering the level of controlling enzymes, allowing for its nuclear translocation by FolIws1. Increased nuclear FolTFIIS enhances the transcription of sporulation-related genes and, consequently, enables microconidia production. Deacetylation of FolTFIIS is also critical for the production of macroconidia and chlamydospores, and its homolog has similar functions in Botrytis cinerea. We identify two FolIws1-targeting chemicals that block the conidiation of Fol and have effective activity against a wide range of pathogenic fungi without harm to the hosts. These findings reveal a conserved mechanism of conidiation regulation and provide candidate agrochemicals for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengwei Qian
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Limin Song
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ruihan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Juan Du
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Bangxian Zheng
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wenxing Liang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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2
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Wang C, Han M, Min Y, Hu J, Pan Y, Huang L, Nie J. Colletotrichum fructicola co-opts cytotoxic ribonucleases that antagonize host competitive microorganisms to promote infection. mBio 2024; 15:e0105324. [PMID: 38953357 PMCID: PMC11323725 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01053-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogens secrete numerous molecules into the environment to establish a microbial niche and facilitate host infection. The phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum fructicola, which causes pear anthracnose, can colonize different plant tissues like leaves and fruits, which are occupied by a diversity of microbes. We speculate that this fungus produces antimicrobial effectors to outcompete host-associated competitive microorganisms. Herein, we identified two secreted ribonucleases, CfRibo1 and CfRibo2, from the C. fructicola secretome. The two ribonucleases both possess ribonuclease activity and showed cytotoxicity in Nicotianan benthamiana without triggering immunity in an enzymatic activity-dependent manner. CfRibo1 and CfRibo2 recombinant proteins exhibited toxicity against Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and, importantly, the phyllosphere microorganisms isolated from the pear host. Among these isolated microbial strains, Bacillus altitudinis is a pathogenic bacterium causing pear soft rot. Strikingly, CfRibo1 and CfRibo2 were found to directly antagonize B. altitudinis to facilitate C. fructicola infection. More importantly, CfRibo1 and CfRibo2 functioned as essential virulence factors of C. fructicola in the presence of host-associated microorganisms. Further analysis revealed these two ribonucleases are widely distributed in fungi and are undergoing purifying selection. Our results provide the first evidence of antimicrobial effectors in Colletotrichum fungi and extend the functional diversity of fungal ribonucleases in plant-pest-environment interactions. IMPORTANCE Colletotrichum fructicola is emerging as a devastating pathogenic fungus causing anthracnose in various crops in agriculture, and understanding how this fungus establishes successful infection is of great significance for anthracnose disease management. Fungi are known to produce secreted effectors as weapons to promote virulence. Considerable progress has been made in elucidating how effectors manipulate plant immunity; however, their importance in modulating environmental microbes is frequently neglected. The present study identified two secreted ribonucleases, CfRibo1 and CfRibo2, as antimicrobial effectors of C. fructicola. These two proteins both possess toxicity to pear phyllosphere microorganisms, and they efficiently antagonize competitive microbes to facilitate the infection of pear hosts. This study represents the first evidence of antimicrobial effectors in Colletotrichum fungi, and we consider that CfRibo1 and CfRibo2 could be targeted for anthracnose disease management in diverse crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengqing Han
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyan Min
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiayi Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuemin Pan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiajun Nie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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He Y, Li P, Zhou X, Ali S, Zhu J, Ma Y, Li J, Zhang N, Li H, Li Y, Nie Y. A ribonuclease T2 protein FocRnt2 contributes to the virulence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13502. [PMID: 39118198 PMCID: PMC11310096 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Banana Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4), is a major disease of banana plants worldwide. Effector proteins play critical roles in banana-Foc TR4 interaction. Our previous studies highlighted a ribonuclease protein belonging to the T2 family (named as FocRnt2) in the Foc TR4 secretome, which was predicted to be an effector. However, its biological function in Foc TR4 infection is still unclear. Herein, we observed significant expression of FocRnt2 during the early stage of fungal infection in planta. A yeast signal sequence trap assay showed that FocRnt2 contained a functional signal peptide for secretion. FocRnt2 possessed ribonuclease activity that could degrade the banana total RNA in vitro. Subcellular localization showed that FocRnt2 was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Transient expression of FocRnt2 suppressed the expression of salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-signalling marker genes, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and BAX-mediated cell death in N. benthamiana. FocRnt2 deletion limited fungal penetration, reduced fusaric acid biosynthesis in Foc TR4, and attenuated fungal virulence against banana plants, but had little effect on Foc TR4 growth and sensitivity to various stresses. Furthermore, FocRnt2 deletion mutants induced higher expression of the defence-related genes in banana plants. These results suggest that FocRnt2 plays an important role in full virulence of Foc TR4, further improving our understanding of effector-mediated Foc TR4 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu He
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro‐Products SafetyAnhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Pengfei Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoshu Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jie Zhu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yini Ma
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jieling Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Nan Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huaping Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yanfang Nie
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of Materials and EnergySouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Gutiérrez-Sánchez A, Plasencia J, Monribot-Villanueva JL, Rodríguez-Haas B, Ruíz-May E, Guerrero-Analco JA, Sánchez-Rangel D. Virulence factors of the genus Fusarium with targets in plants. Microbiol Res 2023; 277:127506. [PMID: 37783182 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium spp. comprise various species of filamentous fungi that cause severe diseases in plant crops of both agricultural and forestry interest. These plant pathogens produce a wide range of molecules with diverse chemical structures and biological activities. Genetic functional analyses of some of these compounds have shown their role as virulence factors (VF). However, their mode of action and contributions to the infection process for many of these molecules are still unknown. This review aims to analyze the state of the art in Fusarium VF, emphasizing their biological targets on the plant hosts. It also addresses the current experimental approaches to improve our understanding of their role in virulence and suggests relevant research questions that remain to be answered with a greater focus on species of agroeconomic importance. In this review, a total of 37 confirmed VF are described, including 22 proteinaceous and 15 non-proteinaceous molecules, mainly from Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium graminearum and, to a lesser extent, in Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Gutiérrez-Sánchez
- Laboratorios de Fitopatología y Biología Molecular, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico; Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico
| | - Javier Plasencia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Juan L Monribot-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Rodríguez-Haas
- Laboratorios de Fitopatología y Biología Molecular, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico
| | - Eliel Ruíz-May
- Laboratorio de Proteómica, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico
| | - José A Guerrero-Analco
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico.
| | - Diana Sánchez-Rangel
- Laboratorios de Fitopatología y Biología Molecular, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico; Investigador por México - CONAHCyT en la Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados del Instituto de Ecología, A. C. (INECOL), Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico.
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Xu L, Liu H, Zhu S, Meng Y, Wang Y, Li J, Zhang F, Huang L. VmPacC-mediated pH regulation of Valsa mali confers to host acidification identified by comparative proteomics analysis. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:18. [PMID: 37676527 PMCID: PMC10441875 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Apple valsa canker caused by the Ascomycete fungus Valsa mali is one of the most serious diseases of apple, resulting in huge economic losses in the apple-growing area of China. Previous study found that the pathogen could acidify the infected tissues to make lower ambient pH (from 6.0 to 3.5) for their successfully colonization. The pH signaling transcription factor VmPacC is required for acidification of its environment and for full virulence in V. mali. It is known that the functional cooperation of proteins secreted by V. mali plays pivotal role in its successful colonization of host plants. In this study, we used tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling coupled with LC-MS/MS-based quantitative proteomics to analyze the VmPacC-mediated pH regulation in V. mali, focusing on differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). We identified 222 DEPs specific to VmPacC deletion, and 921 DEPs specific to different pH conditions (pH 6.0 and 3.4). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses indicated that these DEPs were mainly involved in pathways associated with carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of antibiotics, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, glutathione metabolism, ribosomes, and pentose phosphate pathways. Additionally, we identified 119 DEPs that were shared among the VmPacC deletion mutant and different pH conditions, which were mainly related to energy metabolism pathways, providing the energy required for the hyphal growth and responses to environmental stresses. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis indicated that most of the shared proteins were mapped to an interaction network with a medium confidence score of 0.4. Notably, one uncharacterized protein (KUI69106.1), and two known proteins (heat shock protein 60 (KUI73579.1), aspartate aminotransferase (KUI73864.1)) located in the core of the network were highly connected (with ≥ 38 directed edges) with the other shared DEPs. Our results suggest that VmPacC participates in the pathogen's regulation to ambient pH through the regulation of energy metabolism pathways such as the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway and TCA cycle. Finally, we proposed a sophisticated molecular regulatory network to explain pH decrease in V. mali. Our study, by providing insights into V. mali regulating pH, helps to elucidate the mechanisms of host acidification during pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangsheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Hailong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yangguang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yinghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Feiran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Yue Y, Deng J, Wang H, Lv T, Dou W, Jiao Y, Peng X, Zhang Y. Two Secretory T2 RNases Act as Cytotoxic Factors Contributing to the Virulence of an Insect Fungal Pathogen. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7069-7081. [PMID: 37122240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
RNase T2 members are secreted by several pathogens or parasites during infection, playing various roles in pathogen-host interaction. However, functions of those members in biocontrol microbes targeting their hosts are still unknown. Here, we report that an insect fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana, produces two secretory RNase T2 members that act as cytotoxic factors, which were examined by insect bioassays using the targeted gene(s) disruption and overexpression strains. Overexpression strains displayed dramatically increased virulence, which was concurrent with few fungal cells and hemocytes in hemocoel, suggesting a cytotoxicity of the overexpressed gene products. In vitro assays using yeast-expressed proteins verified the cytotoxicity of the two members against insect cells, to which the cytotoxic effect was dependent on their RNases enzyme activities and glycosylation modification. Moreover, the excessive humoral immune responses triggered by the two ribonucleases were examined. These results suggested prospects of these two T2 ribonucleases for improvement of biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Lv
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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Wang C, Zheng Y, Liu Z, Qian Y, Li Y, Yang L, Liu S, Liang W, Li J. The secreted FolAsp aspartic protease facilitates the virulence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1103418. [PMID: 36760509 PMCID: PMC9905682 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1103418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens utilize secretory effectors to manipulate plant defense. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) is the causal agent of Fusarium wilt disease in tomatoes. We previously identified 32 secreted effector candidates by LC-MS analysis. In this study, we functionally identified one of the secreted proteins, FolAsp, which belongs to the aspartic proteases (Asp) family. The FolAsp was upregulated with host root specifically induction. Its N-terminal 1-19 amino acids performed the secretion activity in the yeast system, which supported its secretion in Fol. Phenotypically, the growth and conidia production of the FolAsp deletion mutants were not changed; however, the mutants displayed significantly reduced virulence to the host tomato. Further study revealed the FolAsp was localized at the apoplast and inhibited INF1-induced cell death in planta. Meanwhile, FolAsp could inhibit flg22-mediated ROS burst. Furthermore, FolAsp displayed protease activity on host protein, and overexpression of FolAsp in Fol enhanced pathogen virulence. These results considerably extend our understanding of pathogens utilizing secreted protease to inhibit plant defense and promote its virulence, which provides potential applications for tomato improvement against disease as the new drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaning Zheng
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhishan Liu
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongpan Qian
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Limei Yang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sihui Liu
- College of Science and Information, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenxing Liang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Wenxing Liang,
| | - Jingtao Li
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China,Jingtao Li,
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8
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Qian H, Song L, Wang L, Wang B, Liang W. The secreted FoAPY1 peptidase promotes Fusarium oxysporum invasion. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1040302. [PMID: 36338032 PMCID: PMC9626516 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1040302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The secretion of peptidases from several pathogens has been reported, but the biological function of these proteins in plant-pathogen interactions is poorly understood. Fusarium oxysporum, a soil-borne plant pathogenic fungus that causes Fusarium wilt in its host, can secrete proteins into host plant cells during the infection process to interfere with the host plant defense response and promote disease occurrence. In this study, we identified a peptidase, FoAPY1, that could be secreted from F. oxysporum depending on the N-terminal signal peptide of the protein. FoAPY1 belongs to the peptidase M28 family and exerts peptidase activity in vitro. Furthermore, the FoAYP1 gene knockout strain (∆FoAYP1) presented reduced virulence to tomato plants, but its mycelial growth and conidiation were unchanged. Moreover, FoAYP1 overexpression tomato seedlings exhibited enhanced susceptibility to F. oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea strains. These data demonstrated that FoAYP1 contributes to the virulence of F. oxysporum may through peptidase activity against host plant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengwei Qian
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Limin Song
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenxing Liang
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Wenxing Liang,
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